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own borough, Verona. At around the same time, the area north of
Caldwell Borough became its own town, North Caldwell. The wooded area directly to the southeast of downtown Caldwell Borough became Essex Fells, while the farmland to the south of Caldwell township was briefly called South Caldwell. This area underwent other changes when the towns of Livingston and West Orange expanded. The South Caldwell region, still part of Caldwell Township, became Roseland.
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the compass of the
Passaick River, and so southward unto Minisink Path," a deed bearing the date March 1701-2 for 130 pounds New York currency. The settlers later claimed the document was lost in a fire, and it was reissued by Native representatives in 1744. This deed covered the area immediately south of the above tract. Based on archival materials, one historian has reconstructed the placement of these and other tracts.
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given, and all of the boundaries were Lenape-named points and places. The dimensions and location were clarified in a 1766 survey by Thomas Ball, described as "Map of part of
Horseneck tract, Copied from a Map Made by Tho. Ball, at the request of the possessors Claimants Under a pretended Indian Title, in 1766, exhibited to the Arbitrators between them and the proprietors."
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Caldwell
Borough contained what is today the towns of West Caldwell and Caldwell. Soon after, the area of Caldwell Township just to the east of Caldwell Borough between Caldwell Borough and Montclair (present-day Verona and Cedar Grove) decided to follow Caldwell's lead and incorporated itself as its
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Meanwhile, the Town of Newark established a committee in 1699 to negotiate the "purchase of a tract of Land lying
Westward of our Bounds, to the South Branch of Passaick River." As a result English settlers from Newark made a purchase from the Indians of land "Westward or northward of Newark within
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Under the colonial land-grant system in New Jersey, Indian deeds were only one stage in the process of acquiring legal title. The next stage would have been a purchase from the East Jersey
Proprietors, the corporation to which the English had assigned land rights. For reasons unknown, the settlers
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On May 1, 1701, Dutch
Settlers Simon Van Ness, Gerebrand Clawson, Hans Spier, Elias Franson, Christopher Steinmets, Andrese Louwrentz, Garret Vanderhoof, Hessell Pieters and Jan Spier bought from the Indians a large tract of land at Horseneck. This acreage was not specified, no survey data were
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did not complete this stage, and another group of wealthy landowners acquired the legal title instead. These landowners attempted to collect quit-rents (a form of property tax) from the settlers or to evict them, touching off decades of instability and violence known as the
Horseheck Riots.
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At this point, all that remained of the original
Caldwell Township was 6,624 acres of farmlands and undeveloped meadows in the northwesternmost part of Essex County. Eventually, in 1963, Caldwell Township changed its name to Fairfield in order to avoid being confused with Caldwell Borough.
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who helped them organize the church. After this date the church became known as the First
Presbyterian Church at Caldwell. Non-parish areas of Horseneck retained the name until 1798, when the westernmost portion of Newark Township was renamed Caldwell Township by the State of New Jersey.
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This map is owned by the New-York Historical Society, which notes that it “covers an area mostly within Essex County, New Jersey and bounded by Passaic River to the north and west, Pine Brook to the south.”
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The name Horseneck was gradually lost. On February 17, 1787, the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church at Horseneck voted to change the name of its parish to Caldwell, in honor of Reverend
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This history is described in a “A History of the Horseneck Riots,” a thesis by Max K. Vorwerk, Montclair State Teachers College, 1948, published by the Caldwell Bicentennial Committee in 1976.
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Town meeting in Newark October 2nd, 1699 as reported in Records of the town of Newark, New Jersey, from its settlement in 1666, to its incorporation as a city in 1836, Newark, 1864, page 114.
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N.J. Secretary of State, Deeds, Surveys, and Commissions. Symon Vanness, et al. from Indians Deed Book O, p. 149+ Date: 5-1-1701 - Essex County
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History of Essex and Hudson counties, New Jersey, comp.. by William H. Shaw, Philadelphia, 1884, Vol. II, chapter LXVI, page 829.
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Bulletin 67, Bureau of Geology and Topography, Trenton, New Jersey, 1969; reprinted New Jersey Geological Survey, 2004.
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The Legacy of the Early Founders of the New Haven Colony who came to Newark, New Jersey in 1666
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Horseneck Road is one of the few remaining traces of the name today.
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https://www.07004history.com/blog/the-horseneck-riots-revisited
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https://www.eastjerseyhistory.org/statichtml/Indian%20deeds.jpg
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A History of the Horseneck Riots: Chapter 1 (via RootsWeb)
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The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries 1606 - 1968,
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This map is found at the website East Jersey History
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273:Geography of Essex County, New Jersey
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278:Pre-statehood history of New Jersey
16:Region in New Jersey, United States
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121:Elizabethtown Tract
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