31:
606:
584:. It locates prey primarily by sound and catches the prey with its hands when foraging. The prey items get killed by bites to the back of the neck and the eyes are shut when attacking. It will consume the prey starting with the head and working its way down the body. This species gets water both by drinking from a pool or stream, and by licking drops from bamboo leaves or from trunks of trees when water is running down the bark. Horsfield's tarsier is a host of the
82:
221:
4300:
276:
57:
5022:
2504:
481:
3460:
698:(NGOs) have played a role in promoting the critical initiative and in assisting the transboundary nations in its conceptualization, design, and implementation. The transboundary nations are to improve biodiversity conservation in Bornean production forests, and to ensure that such forests are not simply converted to agricultural land-uses such as oil-palm plantations after logging.
477:
and it sleeps solitarily. Before sunset, Horsfield's tarsier will wake up and wait 10 to 20 minutes before moving around the understory and spending 1.5 to 2 hours of the night foraging for food. Horsfield's tarsier can be found from ground level up to a height of 7 m (23 ft) or more in the understory.
643:
Infants are born with their eyes open and fully furred and are able to groom themselves. The mother will carry her infant in her mouth and when she forages for food the mother will park the infant on a branch. Infant sounds are mostly clicks: "k", "tk", "ki", or a rapid "kooih" and can be heard when
635:
are performed by the male and he emits 2–3 chirrups while opening and closing the mouth. This call happens within 5 minutes of looking at the female. Once the male gives his courtship call, if the female is receptive, she will perform genital displays to him. If the female is not in estrus, she will
476:
species. It sleeps alone during the day in a tangle of vines or creepers at a height of 3.5 to 5 metres (11 to 16 ft). This species prefers to sleep, rest, or remain stationary on perches that are angled 5 degrees from the vertical tree trunks, 1 to 4 cm (0.39 to 1.57 in) in diameter,
597:
Horsfield's tarsier, like all tarsiers, is a vertical clinger and leaper known for its extraordinary leaping abilities. An individual will mainly support itself with its feet and the tail exerts enough force to hold the individual in place without using the hands much because of the pads located on
367:
coloration ranges from pale-olive or reddish brown to pale or dark grey-brown, possibly varying with age. Based on 12 collected specimens, the range measurement from head to body is 121–154 mm (4.8–6.1 in). Horsfield's tarsier has an extremely long tail which can reach 181 to 224 mm
659:
The rapid loss of habitat due to forest conversion, oil palm plantations, fire and logging is cause for concern. Additionally, the species is also collected for the illegal pet trade and wrongly considered a pest to agricultural crops. It can suffer, directly and indirectly, from the use of
375:
on each foot. The fingers are very long and have pads on the tips. The toes have flattened nails except for the second and third toes on hind feet, which bear claw-like nails. It has large eyes which do not reflect light. The membranous ears are slender and almost bare. The
644:
the infant is left alone or is cold. The mother stays in contact with their infants using high-pitched calls. Infants were found to first use the tails as support during resting at 7–10 days. Young leave their range at the onset of puberty, and find their own territory.
647:
Social grooming in this species only occurs between mothers and infants, removing dead skin and parasites by scratching with their toe claws and licking their fur, avoiding their faces. Faces are cleaned by rubbing on branches and it is to reinforce social bonds.
598:
the feet. Except when resting, the hands are usually placed no higher than its nose. The hands are only placed higher up to maintain the position of the individual. Other modes of locomotion used by the species include climbing, quadrupedal walking, hopping and "
1339:
Roberts, M (1994). "Growth, development, and parental care in the
Western tarsier (Tarsius bancanus) in captivity: Evidence for a "slow" life-history and nonmonogamous mating system".
319:
believes that these subspecies should be treated as distinct and named as separate taxa until more definitive evidence is available. When splitting the species into its own genus,
640:
call which is often followed by biting and pushing the male away. Both sexes' calls last on average for 1 second, and the interval between calls is on average 3 seconds.
617:
878:
5471:
5115:
843:
Brandon-Jones, D.; Eudey, A.A.; Geissmann, T.; Groves, C.P.; Melnick D.J., Morales; J.C., Shekelle, M. & Stewart, C.B (2004). "Asian
Primate Classification".
651:
Horsfield's tarsier marks its territory with scents from urine and glandular secretions on a substrate while scratching the surface with its hind-limb toe claws.
5301:
5141:
981:
Crompton, R.H.; Savage, R. & Spears, I.R (1998). "The mechanics of food reduction in
Tarsius bancanus: Hard-object feeder, soft-object feeder or both?".
1198:
Fogden, M.P.L (1974). "A preliminary field study of the western tarsier, Tarsius bancanus
Horsefield". In R.D. Martin; G.A. Doyle; A.C. Walker (eds.).
5564:
5445:
5236:
5102:
1245:
Deveaux, Timothy P.; Schmidt, Gerald D.; Krishnasamy, M. (1988). "Two New
Species of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from Malaysia".
5604:
5484:
5262:
5128:
1538:
30:
1799:
311:
The taxonomy of this species is in doubt, with some subspecies considered unsure. In fact, over 20 years few studies have been done on
5599:
1163:
Crompton, R.H.; Andau, P.M (1987). "Ranging, activity rhythms, and sociality in free-ranging
Tarsius bancanus: A preliminary report".
5594:
1455:
1420:
1229:
1147:
1037:
732:
5288:
1091:
Crompton, R.H.; Andau, P.M (1986). "Locomotion and
Habitat Utilization in Free-ranging Tarsius bancanus: A Preliminary Report".
1471:
Yustian, I.; Merker, S. & Supriatna, J (2008). "RELATIVE POPULATION DENSITY OF Tarsius dianae IN MAN-INFLUENCED HABITATS".
5574:
5502:
5489:
5267:
5133:
1511:
World
Wildlife Fund. (2007). Resolution concerning the ‘Heart of Borneo’. Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.
695:
5589:
1688:
401:
81:
5579:
5497:
5406:
3212:
1531:
1442:(1984c). "An investigation and review of the territorial behaviour and social organisation of the genus Tarsius". In
5146:
722:
5584:
5214:
691:
1374:
Haring, D.M.; Wright, P.C. & Simons, E.L (1985). "Social behaviors of
Tarsius syrichta and Tarsius bancanus".
5306:
4299:
1792:
5021:
4057:
3875:
3282:
5042:
3336:
3040:
1524:
558:), and snakes, of which poisonous snakes have been found to be consumed. For example, the poisonous snake
554:
5523:
5411:
5327:
5167:
4122:
3806:
3748:
3686:
872:
560:
548:
193:
170:
5374:
2503:
694:
was particularly active in the establishment of the protected area. In the "Heart of Borneo" project,
384:. The dental formula of Horsfield's tarsier is 2:1:3:3 on the upper jaw and 1:1:3:3 on the lower jaw.
5432:
5383:
4526:
4220:
3713:
3679:
3615:
3356:
3104:
2842:
2719:
2667:
1751:
1733:
1299:
Wright, P.C.; Toyama, L.M. & Simons, E.L (1986). "Courtship and
Copulation in Tarsius bancanus".
632:
4237:
3845:
3459:
2787:
2431:
2321:
2189:
2055:
1919:
605:
445:
4799:
4180:
3895:
3741:
3727:
3558:
3377:
3322:
2733:
2697:
2577:
2312:
2182:
2133:
2013:
1785:
1724:
920:
783:
629:
625:
590:
46:
4102:
3830:
3060:
2889:
2458:
2441:
2217:
2069:
2062:
2041:
1942:
1407:(1984b). "Vocal communication of two tarsier species (Tarsius bancanus and Tarsius spectrum)". In
5080:
4442:
4007:
3632:
3622:
3572:
3252:
3168:
2814:
2414:
2328:
2168:
2147:
2027:
2020:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1949:
1935:
1604:
1356:
1262:
1180:
1108:
1006:
860:
825:
664:
449:
297:
76:
61:
5528:
5332:
5172:
3734:
3114:
3006:
2899:
2726:
2196:
2175:
2161:
2104:
2097:
2006:
1697:
5476:
3720:
2879:
2287:
2273:
2224:
2140:
2123:
2076:
2034:
1963:
1928:
368:(7.1 to 8.8 in) and is hairless except for tufts of hair at the end. This species has two
5569:
5510:
5419:
5314:
5223:
5154:
5120:
5089:
4021:
3997:
3670:
2982:
2294:
2259:
2203:
2111:
2090:
2048:
1908:
1767:
1661:
1451:
1416:
1316:
1270:
1225:
1143:
1033:
998:
738:
728:
686:
agreed to protect roughly 220,000 km (85,000 sq mi) of tropical forest in the "
429:
369:
5159:
2653:
2567:
2335:
2301:
2266:
2238:
2210:
5515:
5319:
4929:
4573:
4466:
4149:
3932:
3868:
3838:
3775:
2862:
2778:
2712:
2623:
2280:
2231:
1742:
1652:
1383:
1348:
1308:
1254:
1172:
1100:
990:
915:
852:
817:
778:
457:
257:
220:
210:
5280:
315:
and a taxonomic revision based upon intensive and systematic field surveys is overdue. The
4852:
4821:
4813:
4697:
4597:
4452:
4422:
4039:
3885:
3822:
3652:
3602:
3588:
3581:
3535:
3329:
3124:
2794:
2747:
2681:
1996:
1706:
1670:
1595:
1443:
1439:
1408:
1404:
1217:
1213:
1135:
1131:
1073:(1979). "Outline of the behavior of Tarsius bancanus". In G.A. Doyle; R.D. Martin (eds.).
1070:
687:
441:
425:
254:
5388:
856:
4978:
4939:
4870:
4727:
4717:
4687:
4664:
4654:
4644:
4556:
4505:
4490:
4475:
4412:
4391:
4381:
4048:
4028:
3643:
3370:
3347:
2805:
1679:
1026:
585:
517:
453:
275:
1216:(1984d). "Synecological relationships and feeding behaviour of the genus Tarsius". In
381:
5558:
5275:
4957:
4792:
4783:
4512:
4482:
4432:
4402:
4244:
4210:
4142:
4064:
4014:
3973:
3952:
3551:
3511:
3232:
3195:
3151:
3144:
3094:
3070:
2690:
2613:
2380:
1715:
1619:
1516:
906:
893:
769:
760:
718:
613:
377:
66:
1184:
1112:
1010:
864:
829:
5424:
4989:
4918:
4829:
4806:
4754:
4737:
4707:
4549:
4497:
4351:
4132:
4085:
3990:
3925:
3915:
3905:
3815:
3697:
3659:
3544:
3391:
3384:
3292:
3030:
3016:
2949:
2828:
2598:
2556:
2354:
1893:
1360:
714:
569:
564:
was found to be hunted for by this species. This species was also found to consume
320:
5228:
5094:
480:
5199:
5065:
272:
and nearby islands and is, like other members of the group, entirely nocturnal.
5541:
5458:
5368:
5293:
5249:
5208:
5074:
4895:
4078:
3959:
3942:
3706:
3312:
3222:
3087:
3050:
2970:
2909:
2630:
2083:
533:
525:
509:
497:
4371:
4163:
3490:
3477:
3427:
3363:
3302:
3205:
3188:
3080:
3023:
2996:
2959:
2929:
2919:
2644:
2370:
2252:
1956:
1901:
1853:
1808:
1584:
821:
599:
577:
537:
461:
304:
and nearby islands; therefore, scientists have placed it in a separate genus,
143:
5359:
4840:
4770:
4744:
4613:
4563:
4200:
4190:
4113:
3966:
3856:
3755:
3521:
3275:
3178:
2392:
2154:
1870:
1387:
742:
683:
637:
542:
505:
473:
93:
1320:
1274:
1002:
5398:
5353:
5193:
5059:
4906:
4882:
4675:
4634:
4580:
4519:
4092:
3242:
3135:
2835:
2760:
2660:
2245:
1885:
1826:
1572:
1566:
968:
Primate Ecology and Social Structure: Vol. 1 Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers
679:
501:
301:
113:
808:
Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae".
727:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 127.
5450:
5254:
5241:
5107:
4967:
4860:
4587:
4227:
4156:
3408:
3401:
3263:
3158:
2940:
2821:
2767:
2587:
2448:
2405:
1838:
1643:
1578:
1548:
1352:
1266:
1176:
1104:
573:
489:
433:
421:
409:
393:
292:
269:
244:
153:
133:
1491:
1312:
994:
5463:
4537:
4361:
4170:
4071:
3792:
2989:
2705:
2535:
2522:
2474:
1832:
1820:
1560:
675:
529:
493:
417:
397:
364:
265:
123:
103:
5036:
1258:
5536:
668:
604:
581:
479:
460:, and it also lives in forests along the coasts or on the edge of
437:
413:
372:
274:
724:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
4947:
3980:
671:
Appendix II, and protected by law in Indonesia and in Malaysia.
565:
513:
316:
5437:
5040:
4315:
3475:
2520:
1851:
1781:
1520:
628:, with a copulation frequency during estrus of once per night.
4330:
4317:
4267:
754:
752:
521:
296:
with all other living tarsiers, it is quite distinct from the
1777:
330:
There are four recognized subspecies of Horsfeld's tarsier:
290:
Although Horsfeld's tarsier was usually placed in the genus
667:
in the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, listed in
1134:(1984a). "Locomotion and posture of Tarsius bancanus". In
803:
801:
951:
Payne, J.; Francis, C. M. & Phillipps, K (1994).
4985:
4974:
4963:
4953:
4935:
4925:
4914:
4866:
4848:
4780:
4750:
4733:
4723:
4713:
4703:
4693:
4683:
4660:
4650:
4640:
4630:
4593:
4569:
4545:
4463:
4448:
4438:
4428:
4418:
4408:
4398:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4233:
4216:
4206:
4196:
4186:
4176:
4138:
4128:
4098:
4003:
3986:
3948:
3938:
3921:
3911:
3901:
3891:
3881:
3864:
3803:
3788:
3628:
3599:
3569:
3532:
3517:
3507:
3397:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3271:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3201:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3120:
3110:
3100:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3012:
3002:
2978:
2955:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2744:
2678:
2641:
2610:
2594:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2552:
2454:
2437:
2427:
2387:
2376:
2366:
1866:
5343:
5183:
5049:
4905:
4881:
4839:
4779:
4768:
4674:
4611:
4536:
4462:
4328:
4266:
4112:
4047:
4038:
3855:
3802:
3773:
3696:
3669:
3642:
3598:
3568:
3531:
3488:
3426:
3346:
3262:
3134:
2969:
2939:
2860:
2804:
2777:
2743:
2677:
2640:
2609:
2533:
2473:
2404:
2353:
2311:
2121:
1994:
1918:
1864:
1641:
1617:
1593:
1025:
1434:
1432:
1399:
1397:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1086:
1084:
380:of this species have high-cusps and are almost
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
921:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39762A17992163.en
784:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21488A17976989.en
1793:
1532:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1202:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
1032:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
8:
877:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
488:This species is carnivorous. It mainly eats
428:and above 900 m (3,000 ft) in the
5037:
4887:
4776:
4623:
4619:
4340:
4336:
4325:
4312:
4263:
4044:
3781:
3607:
3500:
3496:
3485:
3472:
3423:
2868:
2752:
2545:
2541:
2530:
2517:
2359:
2350:
1877:
1861:
1848:
1800:
1786:
1778:
1539:
1525:
1517:
219:
55:
29:
20:
1376:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
919:
782:
392:Horsfield's tarsier is found in Southern
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
706:
953:A Field guide to the Mammals of Borneo
870:
674:In February 2007, the governments of
552:), and the spotted-winged fruit bat (
327:population as a distinct subspecies.
7:
1450:. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
1415:. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
1341:International Journal of Primatology
1224:. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
1165:International Journal of Primatology
1142:. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
845:International Journal of Primatology
810:International Journal of Primatology
546:, the lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
955:. Petaling Jaya: The Sabah Society.
907:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
770:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
892:Shekelle, M.; Yustian, I. (2021).
857:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000014647.18720.32
759:Shekelle, M.; Yustian, I. (2020).
323:and Myron Shekelle recognized the
14:
663:Horsfield's tarsier is listed as
540:) including members of the genus
352:Cephalopachus bancanus natunensis
5565:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
5020:
4298:
3458:
2502:
452:. This species can live in both
346:Cephalopachus bancanus borneanus
80:
39:Cephalopachus bancanus borneanus
1075:The Study of Prosimian Behavior
610:Cephalopachus bancanus bancanus
340:Cephalopachus bancanus saltator
335:Cephalopachus bancanus bancanus
280:Cephalopachus bancanus saltator
5605:Taxa named by Thomas Horsfield
1028:Walker's Primates of the World
696:non-governmental organizations
690:" region. Environmental group
484:Horsfield's tarsier in Sarawak
1:
436:. Other records show it from
970:. Pearson Custom Publishing.
300:and the various tarsiers of
260:, it is also referred to as
1689:Gursky's spectral tarsier (
1247:The Journal of Parasitology
1077:. New York: Academic Press.
5621:
618:National Museum of Ireland
532:, but also will eat small
404:. The Bornean subspecies,
5600:Mammals described in 1821
5017:
4890:
4626:
4622:
4343:
4339:
4324:
4311:
4296:
4262:
3784:
3610:
3503:
3499:
3484:
3471:
3456:
3422:
2871:
2755:
2548:
2544:
2529:
2516:
2499:
2362:
2349:
1880:
1860:
1847:
1815:
1764:
1555:
1547:Extant species of family
822:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1
660:agricultural pesticides.
472:Horsfield's tarsier is a
342:— Belitung Island tarsier
243:) is the only species of
227:
218:
199:
192:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
37:
28:
23:
5595:Vulnerable fauna of Asia
721:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
388:Habitat and distribution
354:— Natuna Islands tarsier
264:. The species occurs on
1388:10.1002/ajpa.1330660204
624:Horsfield's tarsier is
5215:Cephalopachus bancanus
5185:Cephalopachus bancanus
1473:Asian Primates Journal
896:Cephalopachus bancanus
763:Cephalopachus bancanus
621:
555:Balionycteris maculata
485:
282:
240:Cephalopachus bancanus
228:Western tarsier range
203:Cephalopachus bancanus
5575:Primates of Indonesia
5524:Paleobiology Database
5328:Paleobiology Database
5168:Paleobiology Database
1725:Siau Island tarsier (
1629:Horsfield's tarsier (
1490:Butler, R. A (2006).
966:Sussman, R.W (1999).
914:: e.T39762A17992163.
777:: e.T21488A17976989.
608:
561:Maticora intestinalis
549:Cynopterus brachyotis
483:
468:Behaviour and ecology
408:, is known from many
278:
1605:Philippine tarsier (
588:intestinal parasite
359:Physical description
253:. Named by American
5590:Mammals of Malaysia
4181:Paradolichopithecus
1752:Niemitz's tarsier (
1734:Wallace's tarsier (
1691:T. spectrumgurskyae
1448:Biology of Tarsiers
1413:Biology of Tarsiers
1301:Folia Primatologica
1222:Biology of Tarsiers
1140:Biology of Tarsiers
1024:Nowak, R.M (1999).
983:Folia Primatologica
655:Conservation status
591:Moniliformis tarsii
47:Conservation status
5580:Primates of Borneo
3807:Victoriapithecidae
3749:Plesiopliopithecus
3687:Platodontopithecus
1743:Makassar tarsier (
1653:Spectral tarsier (
1353:10.1007/BF02735232
1177:10.1007/BF02737113
1105:10.1007/BF02382075
989:(suppl 1): 41–59.
622:
486:
450:Central Kalimantan
298:Philippine tarsier
283:
235:Horsfeld's tarsier
16:Species of primate
5585:Mammals of Brunei
5552:
5551:
5511:Open Tree of Life
5315:Open Tree of Life
5155:Open Tree of Life
5043:Taxon identifiers
5034:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4764:
4763:
4607:
4606:
4307:
4306:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3671:Dionysopithecidae
3573:Propliopithecidae
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3418:
3417:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2512:
2511:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2469:
2468:
2345:
2344:
1775:
1774:
1707:Sangihe tarsier (
1698:Jatna's tarsier (
1671:Lariang tarsier (
1313:10.1159/000156247
1200:Prosimian Biology
995:10.1159/000052698
458:secondary forests
348:— Bornean tarsier
232:
231:
174:
70:
5612:
5545:
5544:
5532:
5531:
5519:
5518:
5506:
5505:
5493:
5492:
5480:
5479:
5467:
5466:
5454:
5453:
5441:
5440:
5428:
5427:
5415:
5414:
5402:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5389:Tarsius_bancanus
5379:
5378:
5377:
5375:Tarsius bancanus
5364:
5363:
5362:
5345:Tarsius bancanus
5336:
5335:
5323:
5322:
5310:
5309:
5297:
5296:
5284:
5283:
5271:
5270:
5258:
5257:
5245:
5244:
5232:
5231:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5176:
5175:
5163:
5162:
5150:
5149:
5137:
5136:
5124:
5123:
5111:
5110:
5098:
5097:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5038:
5025:
5024:
4987:
4976:
4965:
4955:
4937:
4930:Australopithecus
4927:
4916:
4888:
4868:
4850:
4782:
4777:
4752:
4735:
4725:
4715:
4705:
4695:
4685:
4662:
4652:
4642:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4595:
4571:
4547:
4467:Dendropithecidae
4465:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4389:
4379:
4369:
4359:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4326:
4313:
4302:
4264:
4235:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4188:
4178:
4140:
4130:
4100:
4045:
4005:
3988:
3950:
3940:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3883:
3869:Cercopithecoides
3866:
3839:Victoriapithecus
3805:
3790:
3782:
3776:Cercopithecoidea
3630:
3608:
3601:
3571:
3534:
3519:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3486:
3473:
3462:
3424:
3399:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3273:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3203:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3122:
3112:
3102:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3014:
3004:
2980:
2957:
2927:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2869:
2779:Proteopithecidae
2753:
2746:
2680:
2643:
2612:
2596:
2585:
2575:
2565:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2531:
2518:
2507:
2506:
2456:
2439:
2429:
2389:
2378:
2368:
2360:
2351:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1849:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1680:Peleng tarsier (
1662:Dian's tarsier (
1541:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1067:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1021:
1015:
1014:
978:
972:
971:
963:
957:
956:
948:
933:
932:
930:
928:
923:
889:
883:
882:
876:
868:
840:
834:
833:
816:(6): 1071–1082.
805:
796:
795:
793:
791:
786:
756:
747:
746:
711:
258:Thomas Horsfield
223:
205:
185:C. bancanus
169:
85:
84:
64:
59:
58:
33:
24:Western tarsier
21:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5540:
5535:
5527:
5522:
5514:
5509:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5483:
5475:
5470:
5462:
5457:
5449:
5444:
5436:
5431:
5423:
5418:
5410:
5405:
5397:
5395:
5387:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5339:
5331:
5326:
5318:
5313:
5305:
5300:
5292:
5287:
5279:
5274:
5266:
5261:
5253:
5248:
5240:
5235:
5227:
5222:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5179:
5171:
5166:
5158:
5153:
5145:
5140:
5132:
5127:
5119:
5114:
5106:
5101:
5093:
5088:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5045:
5035:
5026:
5019:
4995:
4901:
4877:
4853:Chororapithecus
4835:
4822:Pierolapithecus
4814:Hispanopithecus
4773:
4760:
4698:Gigantopithecus
4670:
4616:
4603:
4598:Yuanmoupithecus
4532:
4527:Turkanapithecus
4458:
4453:Samburupithecus
4423:Nacholapithecus
4333:
4320:
4303:
4282:
4250:
4221:Procynocephalus
4108:
4040:Cercopithecinae
4034:
3886:Dolichopithecus
3851:
3823:Nsungwepithecus
3798:
3778:
3761:
3714:Barberapithecus
3692:
3680:Dionysopithecus
3665:
3653:Epipliopithecus
3638:
3616:Krishnapithecus
3603:Pliopithecoidea
3594:
3589:Propliopithecus
3582:Aegyptopithecus
3564:
3536:Oligopithecidae
3527:
3493:
3480:
3463:
3442:
3414:
3342:
3258:
3130:
3105:Proteropithecia
2965:
2935:
2865:
2848:
2843:Ucayalipithecus
2800:
2773:
2748:Parapithecoidea
2739:
2720:Myanmarpithecus
2682:Amphipithecidae
2673:
2668:Phenacopithecus
2636:
2605:
2538:
2525:
2508:
2501:
2489:
2465:
2400:
2341:
2307:
2117:
1997:Anaptomorphinae
1990:
1914:
1874:
1856:
1843:
1811:
1806:
1776:
1771:
1760:
1716:Pygmy tarsier (
1637:
1613:
1589:
1551:
1545:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1338:
1337:
1328:
1298:
1297:
1282:
1259:10.2307/3282462
1244:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1069:
1068:
1047:
1040:
1023:
1022:
1018:
980:
979:
975:
965:
964:
960:
950:
949:
936:
926:
924:
891:
890:
886:
869:
842:
841:
837:
807:
806:
799:
789:
787:
758:
757:
750:
735:
713:
712:
708:
704:
688:Heart of Borneo
657:
586:acanthocephalan
470:
442:East Kalimantan
440:and Peleben in
430:Kelabit uplands
426:West Kalimantan
406:C. b. borneanus
390:
361:
288:
262:western tarsier
214:
207:
201:
188:
168:
79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5618:
5616:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5533:
5520:
5507:
5494:
5481:
5468:
5455:
5442:
5429:
5416:
5403:
5393:
5380:
5365:
5349:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5324:
5311:
5298:
5285:
5272:
5259:
5246:
5233:
5220:
5205:
5189:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5164:
5151:
5138:
5125:
5112:
5099:
5086:
5071:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4979:Sahelanthropus
4972:
4961:
4951:
4944:
4940:Graecopithecus
4933:
4923:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4871:Nakalipithecus
4864:
4857:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4788:
4786:
4774:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4741:
4731:
4728:Lufengpithecus
4721:
4718:Khoratpithecus
4711:
4701:
4691:
4688:Ankarapithecus
4680:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4665:Ouranopithecus
4658:
4655:Nakalipithecus
4648:
4645:Graecopithecus
4638:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4542:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4506:Rangwapithecus
4502:
4494:
4491:Nyanzapithecus
4487:
4479:
4476:Dendropithecus
4471:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4446:
4436:
4426:
4416:
4413:Morotopithecus
4406:
4396:
4392:Kamoyapithecus
4385:
4382:Griphopithecus
4375:
4365:
4355:
4344:
4334:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4238:Soromandrillus
4231:
4224:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4184:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4136:
4126:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4058:Allenopithecus
4053:
4051:
4049:Cercopithecini
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4029:Trachypithecus
4025:
4018:
4011:
4001:
3994:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3946:
3936:
3929:
3919:
3909:
3899:
3889:
3879:
3872:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3846:Zaltanpithecus
3842:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3785:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3646:
3644:Pliopithecidae
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3577:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3504:
3494:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3395:
3388:
3385:Leontopithecus
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3350:
3348:Callitrichidae
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3279:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3209:
3199:
3192:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2903:
2893:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2808:
2806:Parapithecidae
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2788:Proteopithecus
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2445:
2435:
2432:Hesperotarsius
2425:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2190:Gunnelltarsius
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2056:Pseudotetonius
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1920:Microchoerinae
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1709:T. sangirensis
1704:
1695:
1686:
1682:T. pelengensis
1677:
1668:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1482:
1463:
1456:
1428:
1421:
1393:
1366:
1326:
1307:(3): 142–148.
1280:
1237:
1230:
1205:
1190:
1155:
1148:
1118:
1099:(3): 337–355.
1080:
1045:
1038:
1016:
973:
958:
934:
884:
835:
797:
748:
733:
705:
703:
700:
656:
653:
536:such as bats (
518:praying mantis
469:
466:
446:Tanjung Maruwe
402:nearby islands
389:
386:
360:
357:
356:
355:
349:
343:
337:
287:
284:
230:
229:
225:
224:
216:
215:
208:
197:
196:
190:
189:
182:
180:
176:
175:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
54:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5617:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5543:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5334:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5081:Cephalopachus
5076:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5051:Cephalopachus
5048:
5044:
5039:
5023:
4992:
4991:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4958:Kenyanthropus
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4793:Anoiapithecus
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4784:Dryopithecini
4778:
4775:
4772:
4767:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4513:Rukwapithecus
4510:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:Micropithecus
4480:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:Otavipithecus
4427:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4403:Kenyapithecus
4397:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4301:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4247:
4246:
4245:Theropithecus
4242:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:Procercocebus
4205:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4143:Gorgopithecus
4137:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:Cercopithecus
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:Allochrocebus
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4015:Semnopithecus
4012:
4010:
4009:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:Rhinopithecus
3995:
3993:
3992:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3953:Parapresbytis
3947:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:Kuseracolobus
3890:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3742:Laccopithecus
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3728:Egarapithecus
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3559:Talahpithecus
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:Oligopithecus
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3512:Micropithecus
3506:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3461:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:Protopithecus
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:Plecturocebus
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3071:Miocallicebus
3065:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2734:Siamopithecus
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:Bugtipithecus
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:Amphipithecus
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:Afrotarsiidae
2608:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2578:Aseanpithecus
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:Cephalopachus
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:Afrotarsiidae
2375:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2313:Tarkadectinae
2310:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2183:Ekwiiyemakius
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2134:Ageitodendron
2131:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2014:Anaptomorphus
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1700:T. supriatnai
1696:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:Cephalopachus
1616:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1508:
1505:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1457:0-89574-182-2
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:0-89574-182-2
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1231:0-89574-182-2
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1149:0-89574-182-2
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:0-8018-6251-5
1035:
1030:
1029:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
977:
974:
969:
962:
959:
954:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
935:
922:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
901:
897:
888:
885:
880:
874:
866:
862:
858:
854:
851:(1): 97–164.
850:
846:
839:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
802:
798:
785:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
764:
755:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
734:0-801-88221-4
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:Wilson, D. E.
716:
715:Groves, C. P.
710:
707:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
661:
654:
652:
649:
645:
641:
639:
634:
631:
627:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
601:
600:cantilevering
595:
593:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:spiderhunters
568:, including:
567:
563:
562:
557:
556:
551:
550:
545:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
482:
478:
475:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
387:
385:
383:
382:tritubercular
379:
374:
371:
366:
358:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
306:Cephalopachus
303:
299:
295:
294:
285:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
251:
250:Cephalopachus
247:in the genus
246:
242:
241:
236:
226:
222:
217:
212:
206:
204:
198:
195:
194:Binomial name
191:
187:
186:
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
166:
165:Cephalopachus
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
68:
63:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5344:
5184:
5050:
4990:Paranthropus
4988:
4977:
4966:
4956:
4946:
4938:
4928:
4919:Ardipithecus
4917:
4894:
4869:
4859:
4851:
4830:Rudapithecus
4828:
4820:
4812:
4807:Dryopithecus
4805:
4798:
4791:
4755:Sivapithecus
4753:
4743:
4738:Meganthropus
4736:
4726:
4716:
4708:Indopithecus
4706:
4696:
4686:
4663:
4653:
4643:
4633:
4596:
4588:Symphalangus
4586:
4579:
4572:
4562:
4555:
4550:Bunopithecus
4548:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4498:Oreopithecus
4496:
4489:
4481:
4474:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4352:Afropithecus
4350:
4243:
4236:
4226:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4189:
4179:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4133:Dinopithecus
4131:
4121:
4103:Nanopithecus
4101:
4091:
4086:Erythrocebus
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3996:
3991:Rhinocolobus
3989:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3960:Piliocolobus
3958:
3951:
3941:
3931:
3926:Microcolobus
3924:
3916:Mesopithecus
3914:
3906:Libypithecus
3904:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3867:
3844:
3837:
3831:Prohylobates
3829:
3821:
3816:Noropithecus
3814:
3791:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:Crouzeliidae
3685:
3678:
3660:Pliopithecus
3658:
3651:
3631:
3621:
3614:
3587:
3580:
3557:
3550:
3545:Catopithecus
3543:
3520:
3510:
3407:
3400:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3293:Dolichocebus
3291:
3281:
3274:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3221:
3211:
3204:
3194:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3069:
3061:Mazzonicebus
3059:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3022:
3017:Cebupithecia
3015:
3005:
2995:
2988:
2983:Antillothrix
2981:
2958:
2948:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2890:Perupithecus
2888:
2878:
2841:
2834:
2829:Parapithecus
2827:
2820:
2813:
2793:
2786:
2766:
2759:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2689:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2629:
2622:
2599:Phileosimias
2597:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2557:Altiatlasius
2555:
2459:Xanthorhysis
2457:
2447:
2442:Oligotarsius
2440:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2390:
2379:
2369:
2355:Tarsiiformes
2334:
2327:
2320:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2218:Macrotarsius
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2070:Strigorhysis
2068:
2063:Sphacorhysis
2061:
2054:
2047:
2042:Chlororhysis
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1943:Microchoerus
1941:
1934:
1927:
1907:
1900:
1894:Altiatlasius
1892:
1884:
1766:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1642:
1631:Ce. bancanus
1630:
1628:
1618:
1607:Ca. syrichta
1606:
1594:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1447:
1412:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1344:
1340:
1304:
1300:
1253:(2): 322–5.
1250:
1246:
1240:
1221:
1208:
1199:
1193:
1171:(1): 43–71.
1168:
1164:
1158:
1139:
1096:
1092:
1074:
1027:
1019:
986:
982:
976:
967:
961:
952:
925:. Retrieved
911:
905:
899:
895:
887:
873:cite journal
848:
844:
838:
813:
809:
788:. Retrieved
774:
768:
762:
723:
709:
673:
662:
658:
650:
646:
642:
623:
609:
596:
589:
559:
553:
547:
541:
498:grasshoppers
487:
471:
432:in Northern
405:
391:
362:
351:
345:
339:
334:
329:
324:
321:Colin Groves
312:
310:
305:
291:
289:
279:
261:
249:
248:
239:
238:
234:
233:
202:
200:
184:
183:
164:
163:
38:
18:
5459:iNaturalist
5369:Wikispecies
5250:iNaturalist
5209:Wikispecies
5075:Wikispecies
4538:Hylobatidae
4228:Rungwecebus
4093:Miopithecus
4079:Chlorocebus
4008:Sawecolobus
3943:Paracolobus
3707:Anapithecus
3623:Paidopithex
3378:Leontocebus
3313:Panamacebus
3223:Paralouatta
3159:Brachyteles
3051:Insulacebus
2971:Pitheciidae
2910:Canaanimico
2863:Platyrrhini
2815:Abuqatrania
2631:Afrotarsius
2536:Simiiformes
2523:Simiiformes
2475:Simiiformes
2329:Tarkadectes
2169:Diablomomys
2148:Brontomomys
2084:Teilhardina
2028:Arapahovius
2021:Anemorhysis
1985:Vectipithex
1978:Quercyloris
1971:Pseudoloris
1950:Nannopithex
1936:Melaneremia
1754:T. niemitzi
1736:T. wallacei
1664:T. dentatus
1497:January 27,
1347:(1): 1–28.
1071:Niemitz, C.
927:13 November
790:13 November
578:kingfishers
534:vertebrates
510:butterflies
506:cockroaches
462:plantations
313:C. bancanus
5559:Categories
4372:Equatorius
4331:Hominoidea
4318:Hominoidea
4277:see below↓
4268:Hominoidea
4164:Mandrillus
4150:Lophocebus
4123:Cercocebus
3974:Procolobus
3735:Fanchangia
3491:Catarrhini
3478:Catarrhini
3437:see below↓
3428:Catarrhini
3364:Callithrix
3303:Killikaike
3206:Mohanamico
3189:Chilecebus
3115:Soriacebus
3081:Nuciruptor
3041:Homunculus
3031:Chiropotes
3024:Cheracebus
3007:Carlocebus
2997:Callicebus
2960:Tremacebus
2930:Lagonimico
2920:Branisella
2900:Szalatavus
2727:Pondaungia
2645:Eosimiidae
2484:see below↓
2371:Archicebus
2253:Shoshonius
2197:Hemiacodon
2176:Dyseolemur
2162:Chumashius
2105:Trogolemur
2098:Tetonoides
2007:Absarokius
1957:Necrolemur
1902:Bownomomys
1854:Haplorhini
1809:Haplorhini
1727:T. tumpara
1718:T. pumilus
1673:T. lariang
1655:T. tarsier
1585:Haplorhini
1583:Suborder:
1444:C. Niemitz
1440:Niemitz, C
1409:C. Niemitz
1405:Niemitz, C
1218:C. Niemitz
1214:Niemitz, C
1136:C. Niemitz
1132:Niemitz, C
702:References
665:vulnerable
626:monogamous
538:Chiroptera
325:natunensis
255:naturalist
144:Haplorhini
140:Suborder:
62:Vulnerable
5200:Q22113538
5066:Q14518750
4841:Gorillini
4771:Homininae
4614:Hominidae
4564:Hylobates
4443:Proconsul
4201:Pliopapio
4191:Parapapio
4114:Papionini
3981:Pygathrix
3967:Presbytis
3857:Colobinae
3756:Pliobates
3721:Crouzelia
3522:Saadanius
3357:Callimico
3276:Acrecebus
3253:Stirtonia
3196:Lagothrix
3179:Cartelles
3125:Xenothrix
2880:Parvimico
2406:Tarsiidae
2393:Omomyidae
2288:Washakius
2274:Uintanius
2225:Nesomomys
2155:Chipetaia
2141:Asiomomys
2124:Omomyinae
2077:Tatmanius
2035:Aycrossia
1964:Paraloris
1929:Indusomys
1871:Omomyidae
1819:Kingdom:
1745:T. fuscus
1559:Kingdom:
1549:Tarsiidae
684:Indonesia
638:agonistic
630:Courtship
543:Taphozous
474:nocturnal
412:sites in
211:Horsfield
179:Species:
154:Tarsiidae
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
5570:Tarsiers
5537:Species+
5503:12100167
5477:10597023
5396:BioLib:
5354:Wikidata
5194:Wikidata
5060:Wikidata
4907:Hominina
4883:Hominini
4800:Danuvius
4676:Ponginae
4635:Buronius
4581:Nomascus
4520:Simiolus
3409:Saguinus
3371:Cebuella
3323:Patasola
3243:Solimoea
3145:Alouatta
3136:Atelidae
3088:Pithecia
2836:Qatrania
2761:Arsinoea
2661:Eosimias
2295:Wyomomys
2260:Steinius
2246:Rooneyia
2204:Jemezius
2112:Walshina
2091:Tetonius
2049:Gazinius
1909:Kohatius
1886:Altanius
1839:Primates
1833:Mammalia
1827:Chordata
1825:Phylum:
1821:Animalia
1768:Category
1579:Primates
1573:Mammalia
1567:Chordata
1565:Phylum:
1561:Animalia
1492:"Borneo"
1185:39920648
1113:25836867
1093:Primates
1011:24464173
900:bancanus
865:29045930
830:21220811
743:62265494
717:(2005).
680:Malaysia
636:emit an
620:, Dublin
574:warblers
526:phasmids
502:katydids
492:such as
370:grooming
302:Sulawesi
286:Taxonomy
171:Swainson
150:Family:
134:Primates
124:Mammalia
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
67:IUCN 3.1
5451:2436487
5360:Q846009
5294:1000916
5255:1369285
5242:7503658
5160:6145221
5147:1971489
5121:1366500
5108:8383434
4968:Orrorin
4861:Gorilla
4557:Hoolock
3933:Nasalis
3876:Colobus
3402:Micodon
3337:Sapajus
3330:Saimiri
3264:Cebidae
3213:Oreonax
3169:Caipora
2990:Cacajao
2941:Aotidae
2822:Apidium
2795:Serapia
2768:Biretia
2654:Bahinia
2624:Afrasia
2588:Nosmips
2568:Amamria
2449:Tarsius
2415:Carlito
2336:Tarkops
2302:Yaquius
2267:Stockia
2239:Ourayia
2211:Loveina
1837:Order:
1831:Class:
1644:Tarsius
1596:Carlito
1577:Order:
1571:Class:
1446:(ed.).
1411:(ed.).
1382:: 179.
1361:7462413
1321:3100401
1275:3128654
1267:3282462
1220:(ed.).
1138:(ed.).
1003:9595687
530:cicadas
494:beetles
490:insects
454:primary
434:Sarawak
422:Sarawak
410:lowland
394:Sumatra
293:Tarsius
270:Sumatra
245:tarsier
213:, 1821)
160:Genus:
130:Order:
120:Class:
65: (
5529:238736
5516:339050
5490:572904
5438:127694
5333:238736
5320:339050
5268:944113
5173:238724
5134:943833
4362:Ekembo
4157:Macaca
4022:Simias
3793:Alophe
3152:Ateles
2713:Krabia
2706:Ganlea
2281:Utahia
2232:Omomys
1454:
1419:
1359:
1319:
1273:
1265:
1228:
1183:
1146:
1111:
1036:
1009:
1001:
863:
828:
741:
731:
682:, and
676:Brunei
614:Bangka
582:pittas
580:, and
528:, and
418:Brunei
398:Borneo
378:molars
365:pelage
266:Borneo
173:, 1835
5472:IRMNG
5464:43686
5425:54XZ5
5412:30399
5399:32091
5281:21488
5116:IRMNG
4745:Pongo
4574:Junzi
4171:Papio
3283:Cebus
2950:Aotus
2322:Tarka
1357:S2CID
1263:JSTOR
1181:S2CID
1109:S2CID
1007:S2CID
898:ssp.
861:S2CID
826:S2CID
669:CITES
633:calls
612:from
566:birds
514:moths
438:Kutai
414:Sabah
373:claws
5542:4576
5485:ITIS
5446:GBIF
5407:BOLD
5307:9477
5302:NCBI
5276:IUCN
5263:ITIS
5237:GBIF
5229:SDLD
5142:NCBI
5129:ITIS
5103:GBIF
5095:3KFW
4948:Homo
3633:Kapi
3392:Mico
1499:2009
1479:(1).
1452:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1317:PMID
1271:PMID
1226:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1034:ISBN
999:PMID
929:2021
912:2021
879:link
792:2021
775:2020
739:OCLC
729:ISBN
522:ants
456:and
444:and
424:and
400:and
363:The
317:IUCN
5498:MSW
5433:EoL
5420:CoL
5384:ADW
5289:MDD
5224:CoL
5090:CoL
4896:Pan
1384:doi
1349:doi
1309:doi
1255:doi
1173:doi
1101:doi
991:doi
916:doi
853:doi
818:doi
779:doi
692:WWF
616:in
602:."
448:in
5561::
5539::
5526::
5513::
5500::
5487::
5474::
5461::
5448::
5435::
5422::
5409::
5386::
5371::
5356::
5330::
5317::
5304::
5291::
5278::
5265::
5252::
5239::
5226::
5211::
5196::
5170::
5157::
5144::
5131::
5118::
5105::
5092::
5077::
5062::
1475:.
1431:^
1396:^
1380:66
1378:.
1355:.
1345:15
1343:.
1329:^
1315:.
1305:46
1303:.
1283:^
1269:.
1261:.
1251:74
1249:.
1179:.
1167:.
1121:^
1107:.
1097:27
1095:.
1083:^
1048:^
1005:.
997:.
987:69
985:.
937:^
910:.
904:.
875:}}
871:{{
859:.
849:25
847:.
824:.
814:31
812:.
800:^
773:.
767:.
751:^
737:.
678:,
594:.
576:,
572:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
512:,
508:,
504:,
500:,
496:,
464:.
420:,
416:,
396:,
308:.
268:,
4986:†
4982:?
4975:†
4971:?
4964:†
4954:†
4943:?
4936:†
4926:†
4922:?
4915:†
4874:?
4867:†
4856:?
4849:†
4825:?
4817:?
4781:†
4751:†
4734:†
4724:†
4714:†
4704:†
4694:†
4684:†
4661:†
4651:†
4641:†
4631:†
4594:†
4570:†
4546:†
4501:?
4486:?
4464:†
4449:†
4439:†
4429:†
4419:†
4409:†
4399:†
4395:?
4388:†
4378:†
4368:†
4358:†
4348:†
4234:†
4217:†
4207:†
4197:†
4187:†
4177:†
4139:†
4129:†
4099:†
4004:†
3987:†
3949:†
3939:†
3922:†
3912:†
3902:†
3892:†
3882:†
3865:†
3834:?
3826:?
3804:†
3789:†
3629:†
3600:†
3570:†
3533:†
3518:†
3508:†
3398:†
3319:†
3309:†
3299:†
3289:†
3272:†
3249:†
3239:†
3229:†
3219:†
3202:†
3185:†
3175:†
3165:†
3121:†
3111:†
3101:†
3077:†
3067:†
3057:†
3047:†
3037:†
3013:†
3003:†
2979:†
2956:†
2926:†
2916:†
2906:†
2896:†
2886:†
2876:†
2745:†
2701:?
2679:†
2642:†
2616:?
2611:†
2602:?
2595:†
2591:?
2584:†
2574:†
2564:†
2560:?
2553:†
2462:?
2455:†
2438:†
2428:†
2397:?
2395:"
2391:"
2388:†
2384:?
2377:†
2367:†
2126:"
2122:"
1999:"
1995:"
1897:?
1889:?
1873:"
1869:"
1867:†
1801:e
1794:t
1787:v
1756:)
1747:)
1738:)
1729:)
1720:)
1711:)
1702:)
1693:)
1684:)
1675:)
1666:)
1657:)
1633:)
1609:)
1540:e
1533:t
1526:v
1501:.
1477:1
1460:.
1425:.
1390:.
1386::
1363:.
1351::
1323:.
1311::
1277:.
1257::
1234:.
1187:.
1175::
1169:8
1152:.
1115:.
1103::
1042:.
1013:.
993::
931:.
918::
902:"
894:"
881:)
867:.
855::
832:.
820::
794:.
781::
765:"
761:"
745:.
237:(
209:(
69:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
