155:
328:
404:
392:
380:
368:
356:
344:
88:
26:
316:
rejected. Beirut residents have repeatedly protested against the denial of access to the park including the unequal access policies for
Western and non-Western park visitors. However, it ended up being reopened to the public by the governor of Beirut, Ziad Chebib, on September 3, 2015, in what was considered a victory for civil society after constantly demanding its reopening to all Lebanese citizens.
315:
and it has been closed for the general public for about 25 years. Lebanese citizens had to apply for a permission and only have chances to get one if they are older than 35 years. At the same time there have been reports of
Western foreigners getting permission while applications by Lebanese were
239:
Cemetery in the 1970s. Moreover, the development of new roads during the 1950s state planning produced some leftovers of the remaining woodland that became subject to conflict and appropriation.
257:
Today, Horsh Beirut is a 0.3-square-kilometre (0.12 sq mi) triangular park at the southern border of the city limited by Omar Beyhum Street, 22 November Avenue, Abdelnasser Avenue and
485:
327:
403:
562:
54:
675:
442:
197:
452:
223:
to build ships and weapons. Large parts of the pine forest were segmented-out to become an
Ottoman Casino in 1917 (which became the
243:
154:
584:
47:
670:
660:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
530:
207:
The park, Horsh, has suffered throughout history from frequent abuse of its timber especially by the armies of the
665:
258:
228:
531:"Beirut Municipality Sells Beirut's Collective Memory and the Last of its Green Spaces | al Akhbar English"
247:
645:
254:
forest over 1,250,000 m in 1696 it decreased to a park over 800,000 m in 1967 (≈ 5% of
Municipal Beirut),
220:
142:). The park covers about 0.3 square kilometres (0.12 sq mi) of green space within municipal
580:
312:
448:
305:
158:
87:
25:
174:
135:
107:
224:
178:
654:
490:
216:
162:
611:
186:
589:
193:
115:
69:
56:
563:"Closed to the Public for Decades, Beirut's Only Park May Re-Open This Year"
208:
534:
596:
311:
The park, or Horsh Beirut, has been reconstructed after the end of the
212:
189:
119:
96:
334:
297:
201:
166:
143:
123:
92:
40:
153:
86:
251:
268:
It lies along the axis of the old airport road amidst areas of
612:"تظاهرة لفتح حرش بيروت / Demonstration to open Horsh Beirut"
242:
Horsh was bombed to burn by
Israeli jet fighters during the
165:
civil administrator and politician's dedication plaque on
46:
36:
18:
631:(Beirut: History, Culture, and Urbanism). Beirut:
516:(Beirut: History, Culture, and Urbanism). Beirut:
471:(Beirut: History, Culture, and Urbanism). Beirut:
8:
15:
409:New sorting bin in the center of the park
420:
333:Information sign at the park gate from
323:
557:
555:
553:
551:
431:, Bradt Travel Guides, 2012, page 153.
629:Beirut fi'Tarikh wal'Hadara wal'Omran
514:Beirut fi'Tarikh wal'Hadara wal'Omran
469:Beirut fi'Tarikh wal'Hadara wal'Omran
7:
444:Espaces et reseaux du haut moyen age
246:. Much of it was also turned into a
131:
111:
486:"Public spaces in the Middle East"
126:. The urban park is also known as
14:
441:Lombard, Maurice (Aug 25, 1973).
591:Horsh Beirut the forbidden green
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
326:
244:1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
35:
24:
231:), a horse racecourse in 1921,
204:, as "La Pinée" or "Sapinoie".
118:in the heart of the capital of
1:
676:Parks and gardens in Beirut
300:while it is separated from
259:National Museum of Beirut (
692:
261:Musée national de Beyrouth
457:– via Google Books.
229:French Mandate of Lebanon
32:
23:
633:Dar al-Elem lil'Malayeen
518:Dar al-Elem lil'Malayeen
473:Dar al-Elem lil'Malayeen
248:Palestinian refugee camp
235:Cemetery in 1958, and
221:Allies of World War II
200:, named the forest of
182:
170:
139:
100:
91:Center of the park in
447:. Walter de Gruyter.
173:In the 13th century,
157:
90:
70:33.87111°N 35.51000°E
627:Al-Wali, T. (1993).
512:Al-Wali, T. (1993).
467:Al-Wali, T. (1993).
237:Rawdat al-Shaheedein
66: /
671:Urban public parks
661:Gardens in Lebanon
397:Center of the park
385:Center of the park
373:Center of the park
361:Center of the park
349:Center of the park
313:Lebanese Civil War
198:archbishop of Tyre
183:Willelmus Tyrensis
171:
101:
75:33.87111; 35.51000
646:Aerial photograph
306:Beirut Hippodrome
227:later during the
169:'s National Park.
85:
84:
683:
666:Parks in Lebanon
620:
619:
616:www.facebook.com
608:
602:
601:
577:
571:
570:
559:
546:
545:
543:
542:
533:. Archived from
527:
521:
510:
504:
503:
501:
499:
482:
476:
465:
459:
458:
438:
432:
425:
406:
394:
382:
370:
358:
346:
330:
159:Jean-Paul Huchon
133:
128:Horsh El Snaubar
113:
81:
80:
78:
77:
76:
71:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
28:
16:
691:
690:
686:
685:
684:
682:
681:
680:
651:
650:
642:
624:
623:
610:
609:
605:
588:
585:Wayback Machine
578:
574:
561:
560:
549:
540:
538:
529:
528:
524:
511:
507:
497:
495:
484:
483:
479:
466:
462:
455:
440:
439:
435:
426:
422:
417:
410:
407:
398:
395:
386:
383:
374:
371:
362:
359:
350:
347:
338:
331:
322:
274:Tarik el-Jdideh
175:William of Tyre
152:
74:
72:
68:
65:
60:
57:
55:
53:
52:
12:
11:
5:
689:
687:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
653:
652:
649:
648:
641:
640:External links
638:
637:
636:
622:
621:
603:
572:
547:
522:
505:
494:. 11 June 2016
477:
475:. pp. 106-107.
460:
453:
433:
419:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
408:
401:
399:
396:
389:
387:
384:
377:
375:
372:
365:
363:
360:
353:
351:
348:
341:
339:
332:
325:
321:
318:
294:Furn el-Shebak
225:Pine Residence
151:
148:
83:
82:
50:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
688:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
647:
644:
643:
639:
634:
630:
626:
625:
617:
613:
607:
604:
599:
598:
593:
592:
586:
582:
576:
573:
568:
564:
558:
556:
554:
552:
548:
537:on 2017-09-19
536:
532:
526:
523:
519:
515:
509:
506:
493:
492:
491:The Economist
487:
481:
478:
474:
470:
464:
461:
456:
454:9789027971586
450:
446:
445:
437:
434:
430:
427:Doyle, Paul.
424:
421:
414:
405:
400:
393:
388:
381:
376:
369:
364:
357:
352:
345:
340:
336:
329:
324:
320:Image gallery
319:
317:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
262:
255:
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
168:
164:
160:
156:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
129:
125:
121:
117:
109:
105:
98:
94:
89:
79:
51:
49:
45:
42:
39:
31:
27:
22:
17:
632:
628:
615:
606:
595:
590:
581:Ghostarchive
579:Archived at
575:
567:nextcity.org
566:
539:. Retrieved
535:the original
525:
517:
513:
508:
496:. Retrieved
489:
480:
472:
468:
463:
443:
436:
428:
423:
310:
302:Ras el-Nabaa
301:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
267:
260:
256:
241:
236:
232:
206:
172:
140:Bois de Pins
127:
104:Horsh Beirut
103:
102:
19:Horsh Beirut
233:Al-Shohadaa
132:حرش الصنوبر
73: /
48:Coordinates
655:Categories
541:2015-07-14
415:References
219:, and the
194:chronicler
116:urban park
61:35°30′36″E
58:33°52′16″N
250:. From a
209:Crusaders
130:(Arabic:
112:حرش بيروت
583:and the
286:Ghobeyri
217:Ottomans
196:and the
187:medieval
114:) is an
37:Location
597:YouTube
498:11 June
429:Lebanon
304:by the
213:Mamluks
190:prelate
185:), the
150:History
120:Lebanon
97:Lebanon
451:
335:Badaro
298:Badaro
296:, and
290:Shiyah
278:Qasqas
270:Mazraa
202:Beirut
167:Beirut
163:French
161:, the
144:Beirut
136:French
124:Beirut
108:Arabic
93:Beirut
41:Beirut
282:Sabra
179:Latin
500:2016
449:ISBN
337:area
252:pine
177:(or
134:or
657::
614:.
594:.
587::
565:.
550:^
488:.
308:.
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
276:,
272:,
265:.
215:,
211:,
192:,
181::
146:.
138::
122:,
110::
95:,
635:.
618:.
600:.
569:.
544:.
520:.
502:.
263:)
106:(
99:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
