517:, of which it is one of the few physical remnants. Although completed in time for the fair, the collaboration between the architect and the artist soon led to an irreconcilable disagreement delaying its official opening until 1899. At first, Horta designed the pavilion's facade to be open, serving as a shelter on rainy days — without the wall and bronze doors behind the colonnade — so that the relief would always be visible for passers-by. But Lambeaux, against the will of Horta, wanted a gallery wall behind the columns. The dispute remain unsolved for years: on the day of the inauguration on 1 October 1899, the unfinished temple stood open with the relief visible from the surrounding park. Under pressure of the public opinion and the authorities, Horta had to alter his plans and close the temple with a wooden barricade, and it was left unfinished only three days after inauguration.
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not the only problem: the representation of the crucified Christ below Death outraged conservative
Belgium. The open building was concealed from public view with a wooden barricade only three days after its first public presentation. Finally the government responded to the criticisms by asking Horta to close the front of the building with durable materials in 1906. The front wall came in 1909. The building finally reopened in 1910, without official opening, and remains unfinished.
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A 'shocking' sculpture which has been kept behind locked doors for more than a century is finally on view in the Parc du
Cinquantenaire. Jef Lambeaux's marble relief of Les Passions Humaines — carved in 1899 for a neo-classical temple built by the young Victor Horta — outraged conservative
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wanted to see it and came to
Lambeaux's studio. Observing that the crucified Christ was placed lower than Death, which reigned over everyone, he asked the sculptor to make the necessary adjustment and place Christ above Death. But Joseph said modestly,"Your Highness, that is how I see and feel it. I
635:
On 1 October 1899, Horta's pavilion was officially inaugurated and the work revealed to the public. The unveiled way in which
Lambeaux depicted the male and female nude was highly debated in the press. The relief depicting uninhibited nudes in any manner of carnal delights caused scandal. Nudity was
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manner associated with the architect. Although loyal to the formal vocabulary of classical architecture, Horta already managed to incorporate all elements of the new style. At first sight, the building looks like a classical temple. However, there is not a single straight line in the building. Every
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classical detail is revisited and reinterpreted. Horta succeeded in designing an almost "organic" interpretation of the classical temple, without completely abolishing any reference to an historical style. Slightly bent like the foot of a tree, the walls seem to have sprung organically. After
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Commissioned in 1890 by King
Leopold II for 136,000 francs, the 12 by 8 metres (39 ft Ă— 26 ft) work was centered around the theme of the happiness and the sins of mankind dominated by death. It also depicted the "negative" passions of mankind such as war, rape and suicide.
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The relief had been very controversial ever since the presentation of the project in 1886. Although enthusiastic at the beginning, art critics especially regret the lack of cohesion of the work. Despite the controversy, the
Belgian State acquired the work in 1890 for installation in the
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The building was left unattended for more than a century, and by the early 21st century, it required urgent renovation works. In 2008, the
Belgian government officially started the process of contracting out the renovation works by publishing two government procurements in the
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Lambeaux never knew the pavilion as it currently stands. Shortly after
Lambeaux's death, Horta acceded to his wishes by building the wall that would permanently hide the bas-relief with a closed front to enhance the natural light coming through the glass roof.
564:. The pavilion remained closed to the public except on occasional open days. Since 2002, the pavilion is open one hour per day, except on Mondays. In recent years, this was not due to the prudishness of the public, but out of fear for vandalism.
609:(…) a pile of naked and contorted bodies, muscled wrestlers in delirium, an absolute and incomparable childish concept. It is at once chaotic and vague, bloated and pretentious, pompous and empty. (…) And what if, instead of paying for 300,000
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Sure it’s large, as
Lambeaux intended, but hardly a masterpiece. The relief consists of separate groups rather than forming a whole. Unfortunately Lambeaux never explained his intentions. Even the title isn’t
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1207:(…) There we had got to know (…) Joseph Lambeaux, a sculptor who was famous at the time. (…) When Joseph Lambeaux had completed his enormous work in high relief entitled "Passions Humaines"
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Renovation works of the building began in May 2013 and were completed in 2014 for a total cost of €800,000 financed by
Beliris. The renovation of the relief itself was finished in 2015.
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1390:"Parc du Cinquantenaire — Pavillon Horta — restauration des décors en plaques de marbre jaune — Marché de travaux — Appel à candidature (TIW/IX.8.8.)"
1115:"Parc du Cinquantenaire — Pavillon Horta — restauration des décors en plaques de marbre jaune — Marché de travaux — Appel à candidature (TIW/IX.8.8.)"
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1407:"Parc du Cinquantenaire — Pavillon Horta — restauration du bâtiment — Marché de travaux — Adjudication publique (TIW/IX.8.9.)"
1138:"Parc du Cinquantenaire — Pavillon Horta — restauration du bâtiment — Marché de travaux — Adjudication publique (TIW/IX.8.9.)"
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Since its completion, the building has remained almost permanently closed. Since 2014, the building is accessible during the summer time.
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relief. The draft on paper was presented at the Triennial Salon of Ghent in 1889, creating immediately a big commotion. The journal
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419:, Belgium. Although classical in appearance, the building shows the first steps of the young Victor Horta towards
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de Callataÿ, François (1989). "Les "Passions Humaines" de Jef Lambeaux: un essai d'interprétation".
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Belgium when it was unveiled and the building was closed to the public after just two days.
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The Belgian state ordered a plaster copy of Lambeaux's relief for its display in several
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Aubry, Françoise; Harshav, Barbara (2002). "Victor Horta: Vicissitudes of a Work".
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626:. Werner Adriaenssens is also inclined to deny the work mythical status:
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1486:"Slideshow — Pavillon Lambeaux-Horta : Les Passions humaines"
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994:(in French). Paris: Edition des arts décoratifs Herscher. p. 101.
647:, Belgium. A fragment of the work won in 1900 a medal of honour at the
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Before the government finally took over the building, it was owned by
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The building belongs legally speaking to the non-profit organization
423:. It was designed to serve as a permanent showcase for a large marble
1422:
Blyth, Derek (6 May 2004). "'Scandalous' sculpture on show at last".
1070:
Blyth, Derek (6 May 2004). "'Scandalous' sculpture on show at last".
753:, of which the ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Belgium is the chairman.
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The Horta pavilion houses the monumental achievement of the sculptor
424:
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Maus, Octave; Picard, Edmond; Verhaeren, Emile, eds. (25 May 1890).
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cannot alter it." Nor did he. He was something of an excentric. (…)
1046:"Pavillon et relief Les Passions humaines – Parc du Cinquantenaire"
787:"Koning Boudewijn vroeg Saudi's om erotisch tafereel te verstoppen"
2013:
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486:, Horta would return to this classicism in his designs for the
577:. The restoration of the work of Jef Lambeaux should follow.
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The building, though, has had a turbulent history. The small
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At the time as well as much later, the sculpture was deemed
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was made official by the royal decree of 12 September 1979.
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The small pavilion of classical look already announced the
613:
of "passions", the government simply bought works of art?
1313:. Brussels: Musées Royaux d'Arts et d'Histoire: 269–289.
917:(34). Groot-Bijgaarden: Vlaamse Uitgeversmaatschappij: 4
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Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History
1194:. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press. p. 77.
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1324:(in French). Liège: Editions Mardaga. p. 41.
1300:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 106.
880:(in French). Liège: Editions Mardaga. p. 41.
1092:"Passions Humaines.Le mot de Werner Adriaenssens"
1307:Bulletins des Musées Royaux d'Arts et d'Histoire
991:Le Livre des Expositions Universelles, 1851–1989
1191:The Life and Artistry of Maria Olenina-D'alheim
315:20 by 15 metres (66 ft Ă— 49 ft)
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1405:SPF Mobilité et Transports (25 August 2008).
1136:SPF Mobilité et Transports (25 August 2008).
8:
823:"Les passions "scandaleuses" dans le marbre"
41:
1388:SPF Mobilité et Transports (23 July 2008).
1113:SPF Mobilité et Transports (23 July 2008).
988:Musée des arts décoratifs (France) (1983).
853:. City: Kessinger Publishing. p. 366.
825:["Scandalous" passions in marble].
667:showcased in the Pavilion of Human Passions
55:
2509:Buildings and structures completed in 1896
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560:eventually gave its operation back to the
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27:Neoclassical pavilion in Brussels, Belgium
1021:. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. p. 74.
513:pavilion was originally planned for the
1449:Het paviljoen van de Menselijke Driften
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1984:Museum of the National Bank of Belgium
1934:International Puppet Museum - Peruchet
1090:Leclercq, Philippe (20 October 2008).
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726:Belgium in the long nineteenth century
643:. The copy is today on display at the
515:1897 Brussels International Exposition
1719:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
1265:(in Dutch). Museum of Fine Arts Ghent
466:on the recommendation of his teacher
7:
2514:World's fair architecture in Belgium
2489:Neoclassical architecture in Belgium
2484:Art Nouveau architecture in Brussels
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1094:(in French). asbl Musée Jef Lambeaux
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1974:Millennium Iconoclast Museum of Art
1587:Formerly the Cinquantenaire Museum.
529:In 1967, the building was given in
751:Islamic Cultural Centre of Belgium
505:Pavilion of Human Passions in 1998
124:Parc du Cinquantenaire / Jubelpark
25:
1989:National Museum of the Resistance
1627:Museums and galleries in Brussels
1365:Musées Royaux d'art et d'histoire
1255:"Copy in gypse of Jef Lambeaux's
1018:Historical Dictionary of Brussels
959:Musées Royaux d'art et d'histoire
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2393:
2171:Brussels-Central railway station
1797:Archives of the City of Brussels
1681:Royal Museums of Art and History
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1533:Royal Museums of Art and History
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1225:Duplat, Guy (29 November 2008).
1161:"Une commande de 300 000 francs"
695:
672:
656:
562:Royal Museums of Art and History
413:Parc du Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark
390:Paviljoen der Menselijke Driften
301:Royal Museums of Art and History
73:
57:Paviljoen der Menselijke Driften
2004:Van Buuren Museum & Gardens
1869:Brussels Urban Transport Museum
605:in 1890 described the work as:
213:
1425:The Bulletin (Brussels weekly)
1073:The Bulletin (Brussels weekly)
458:to design a pavilion to house
382:Pavillon des Passions humaines
43:Pavillon des Passions humaines
1:
1864:Brussels Museum of the Gueuze
906:Philips, Mon (18 June 2008).
785:De Ruyck, Jo (5 April 2012).
663:Detail of the relief made by
454:was commissioned for 100,000
1227:"Jef Lambeaux, le sulfureux"
821:Duplat, Guy (31 July 2015).
1829:Other museums and galleries
1531:Constituent museums of the
1371:(in French). Archived from
1343:(102). New Haven: 176–189.
1188:Tumanov, Alexander (2000).
965:(in French). Archived from
2530:
2194:Belgian Comic Strip Center
2106:Pavilion of Human Passions
1854:Belgian Comic Strip Center
1671:Museum of Natural Sciences
1479:Pavilion of Human Passions
1169:(in French). Brussels: 166
908:"The secrets of Jubelpark"
446:Inception and construction
374:Pavilion of Human Passions
35:Pavilion of Human Passions
2448:
2391:
2037:House of European History
1834:
1823:
1802:Fashion & Lace Museum
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1763:
1704:Musical Instrument Museum
1646:
1633:
1584:
1573:
1562:Musical Instrument Museum
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1369:"Pavillon Horta-Lambeaux"
1318:Celis, Marcel M. (1988).
963:"Pavillon Horta-Lambeaux"
874:Celis, Marcel M. (1988).
645:Fine Arts Museum of Ghent
359:
137:, Brussels-Capital Region
81:
72:
39:
2370:Temple of Human Passions
2304:HĂ´tel Albert Ciamberlani
1949:Jewish Museum of Belgium
1694:Temple of Human Passions
1689:Art & History Museum
1651:Royal Library of Belgium
1550:Temple of Human Passions
1545:Art & History Museum
1451:(in Dutch). CaraCarina.
1447:Cuypers, Carine (2012).
1253:Vlaamse Kunstcollectie.
575:Belgian official journal
547:Great Mosque of Brussels
474:'s favourite architect.
173:50.8430611°N 4.3873556°E
2440:Octave van Rysselberghe
2270:Art Nouveau in Brussels
2223:Art Nouveau in Brussels
1969:MigratieMuseumMigration
1954:KANAL - Centre Pompidou
1709:Museums of the Far East
1567:Museums of the Far East
1297:Encyclopædia Britannica
847:Fowler, Harold (2005).
711:Art Nouveau in Brussels
394:Horta-Lambeaux Pavilion
320:Design and construction
89:Horta-Lambeaux Pavilion
18:Horta-Lambeaux Pavilion
2499:Victor Horta buildings
2375:Van Rysselberghe House
1979:Schaerbeek Beer Museum
1904:Design Museum Brussels
1807:Garderobe Manneken-Pis
1259:De menselijke driften"
850:A History of Sculpture
633:
615:
551:Khaled of Saudi Arabia
539:Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz
506:
389:
381:
56:
42:
1964:Maurice CarĂŞme Museum
1291:"Lambeaux, Jef"
649:World's fair of Paris
628:
607:
533:for 99 years by King
504:
392:), also known as the
178:50.8430611; 4.3873556
2228:Art Deco in Brussels
2206:Musée des Beaux-Arts
1884:Choco-Story Brussels
1789:Brussels City Museum
1732:Fin-de-Siècle Museum
1661:Centre for Fine Arts
1481:at Wikimedia Commons
1015:State, Paul (2004).
492:Musée des Beaux-Arts
488:Centre for Fine Arts
200:Construction started
2200:Palace of Fine Arts
2147:House of the People
1939:Museum of Illusions
1341:Yale French Studies
969:on 6 September 2007
716:History of Brussels
258:Sculpture: 136,000
169: /
99:Architectural style
94:General information
2435:Henry van de Velde
2339:HĂ´tel van Eetvelde
2309:Hôtel de Brouckère
2141:HĂ´tel van Eetvelde
1929:HĂ´tel van Eetvelde
721:Culture of Belgium
597:The Human Passions
585:The Human Passions
556:The government of
507:
464:The Human Passions
428:The Human Passions
407:that was built by
291:Belgian Government
281:Belgian Government
252:Building: 100,000
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2385:Villa Bloemenwerf
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1779:Museum of Ixelles
1769:Municipal museums
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1737:Oldmasters Museum
1699:Halle Gate Museum
1593:
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1488:(in French). 2005
1477:Media related to
1458:978-94-91483-00-4
1375:on 13 August 2014
1321:Bruxelles protégé
1232:La Libre Belgique
877:Bruxelles protégé
403:in the form of a
370:
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307:Technical details
86:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
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2360:Sterner's Studio
2344:Maison du Peuple
2319:HĂ´tel Max Hallet
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2159:Villa Carpentier
2123:HĂ´tel Winssinger
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363:Official website
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135:City of Brussels
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2355:Saint-Cyr House
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1879:Charlier Museum
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1727:Magritte Museum
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1441:Further reading
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161:50°50′35.02″N
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2504:Jef Lambeaux
2456:
2420:Victor Horta
2334:HĂ´tel Tassel
2329:HĂ´tel Solvay
2314:HĂ´tel Hannon
2299:Horta Museum
2294:Hankar House
2188:Horta Museum
2153:HĂ´tel Aubecq
2135:HĂ´tel Solvay
2129:HĂ´tel Frison
2111:HĂ´tel Tassel
2105:
2092:Victor Horta
2009:Villa Empain
1944:Jazz Station
1924:HĂ´tel Solvay
1919:HĂ´tel Hannon
1914:Horta Museum
1490:. Retrieved
1448:
1430:
1429:
1428:. Brussels.
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1394:. Retrieved
1377:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1340:
1320:
1310:
1306:
1295:
1282:Bibliography
1267:. Retrieved
1262:
1256:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1230:
1220:
1209:King LĂ©opold
1206:
1205:
1190:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1164:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1071:
1050:. Retrieved
1017:
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990:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
930:Saudi Arabia
927:
926:
919:. Retrieved
914:
876:
869:
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830:. Retrieved
826:
797:. Retrieved
792:De Standaard
790:
750:
745:
665:Jef Lambeaux
638:
634:
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616:
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593:Jef Lambeaux
590:
584:
579:
571:
558:Saudi Arabia
555:
543:Saudi Arabia
528:
519:
511:neoclassical
508:
476:
463:
460:Jef Lambeaux
452:Victor Horta
449:
436:
432:Jef Lambeaux
427:
409:Victor Horta
405:Greek temple
398:neoclassical
393:
373:
371:
339:Jef Lambeaux
329:Victor Horta
325:Architect(s)
195:(until 2068)
193:Saudi Arabia
164:4°23′14.48″E
130:Town or city
111:Neoclassical
29:
2410:Paul Hankar
2350:Old England
2346:(destroyed)
2324:HĂ´tel Otlet
2196:(1905–1906)
2190:(1898–1901)
2161:(1899–1903)
2155:(1899–1902)
2149:(1896–1898)
2143:(1895–1898)
2137:(1895–1900)
2113:(1892–1893)
2019:Wittockiana
1999:Train World
1959:La Fonderie
1656:Planetarium
1409:(in French)
1392:(in French)
1263:Photography
1140:(in French)
1117:(in French)
1076:. Brussels.
1048:(in French)
525:Later years
484:World War I
479:Art Nouveau
421:Art Nouveau
230:Inaugurated
176: /
151:Coordinates
2473:Categories
2403:Architects
1994:Toy Museum
1899:Coudenberg
1894:Clockarium
1557:Halle Gate
1492:18 January
1413:17 January
1396:17 January
1269:18 January
1144:17 January
1121:17 January
1098:21 January
973:17 January
921:18 January
827:lalibre.be
795:(in Dutch)
732:References
568:Renovation
312:Floor area
2494:Pavilions
2277:Buildings
2099:Buildings
1889:Cinematek
1844:Autoworld
1535:(Belgium)
1379:13 August
761:Citations
737:Footnotes
531:leasehold
450:In 1889,
238:Renovated
215:Completed
832:1 August
689:See also
681:indecent
537:to King
535:Baudouin
490:and the
417:Brussels
401:pavilion
297:Landlord
272:€800,000
106:Eclectic
2458:Commons
2216:Related
2181:Museums
1357:3090599
1238:5 April
1173:5 April
1052:5 April
799:5 April
496:Tournai
441:History
396:, is a
355:Website
220: (
205: (
145:Belgium
142:Country
120:Address
2208:(1928)
2202:(1912)
2173:(1912)
2167:(1900)
2131:(1894)
2125:(1893)
2119:(1893)
1455:
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1328:
1198:
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998:
884:
857:
611:francs
587:relief
425:relief
378:French
277:Client
60:
50:French
46:
2014:Wiels
1353:JSTOR
911:(PDF)
386:Dutch
287:Owner
133:1000
64:Dutch
1494:2009
1453:ISBN
1415:2009
1398:2009
1381:2014
1326:ISBN
1271:2009
1240:2012
1196:ISBN
1175:2012
1146:2009
1123:2009
1100:2009
1054:2012
1023:ISBN
996:ISBN
975:2009
923:2009
882:ISBN
855:ISBN
834:2015
801:2012
631:his.
372:The
246:Cost
241:2014
222:1896
218:1896
207:1892
203:1892
1345:doi
541:of
494:in
430:by
415:of
2475::
1367:.
1351:.
1311:60
1294:.
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1229:.
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1163:.
1082:^
1062:^
1037:^
961:.
944:^
936:).
925:.
913:.
896:^
809:^
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769:^
651:.
498:.
470:,
434:.
388::
384:;
380::
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376:(
224:)
209:)
66:)
62:(
52:)
48:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
