Hot Coffee (minigame) - Knowledge (XXG)

727: 4986: 356: 4998: 4960: 4417: 473:, both in-game and during cutscenes. Kolbe responded with concern that the graphic content would result in an AO rating, and the creative team began to research the content limits for video games in the United States. On 16 August, Rockstar Games co-founder Terry Donovan emailed Houser a list of alterations that developers would need to make to ensure that the game fell in line with 1603: 1479: 5010: 932:

alienated by Rockstar Games's response to the controversy: in addition to taking the blame for the cultural fallout around "Hot Coffee", they were informed that future versions of the game would be "much more mod-resistant". GTAGarage.com voluntarily removed "Hot Coffee" amidst the controversy, but the negative response that the minigame generated resulted in a

122:. While both companies remained mostly silent on the matter, Rockstar Games released a statement claiming that modders were responsible for the minigame. The ESRB re-rated the game "Adults Only" after an investigation, while the game was banned entirely in Australia until the explicit content was removed. Rockstar Games and Take-Two received a warning from the 595: 756:(FTC) to uncover the source of the game's "graphic pornographic and violent content", determine whether the game should receive an AO rating, and "examine the adequacy of the retailers' rating enforcement policies". Clinton further declared that she would begin work on a bill that would make it a federal crime, accompanied by a mandatory 478:

list of alterations so close to the game's intended release date, there was insufficient time to remove any graphic content from the game without compromising the source code. Instead, developers rewrote the code so that the content was still present on the game disc, but controls made this content inaccessible to the player.

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filed a class action lawsuit alleging that the company's mishandling of various financial aspects had caused a direct, negative impact on their earnings. One example of this financial mismanagement was the company's response to the "Hot Coffee" scandal. Plaintiffs alleged that Take-Two had engaged in

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would be re-rated from M to AO. While acknowledging that Rockstar Games had not intended to make any graphic material accessible to customers, they issued the re-rating on the basis that the material was present "in a fully rendered, unmodified form on the final discs" of the game, which, "compounded

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were more difficult to hack into and alter than their PC counterparts. Unable to enact any major edits to the console's source code, modders instead accessed the file formats, planning the mods they would create for the Windows version upon its release. In December 2004, a group of modders, including

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in all markets. While certain countries like Spain and Italy had more relaxed guidelines towards nudity and sexuality, the ESRB's strict limits on these situations drastically limited the content that Houser and Rockstar Games could include without receiving an AO rating. Because Houser received this

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by failing to disclose the inclusion of "unused, but potentially viewable" nude imagery and sexual content in the game, regardless of whether the content was enabled by a third party. The settlement required that Take-Two and Rockstar Games "clearly and prominently disclose on product packaging and

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The "Hot Coffee" controversy and subsequent legal and financial action soured the relationships among Rockstar Games, the video game industry, and the modding community. By refusing to publicly comment on the ongoing scandal, Rockstar Games was accused of cowardice by Lowenstein, who said, "If you

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team were instructed not to respond to any requests for comment on the controversy. The only communication they offered was to Lowenstein and Patricia Vance, the president of the ESRB. Rockstar Games informed both parties that "Hot Coffee" was the result of a third-party modification and that they

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or hidden feature but is most probably just leftover material from a gameplay idea that didn't make the final release". On 14 July, Rockstar Games released a statement denouncing any responsibility for "Hot Coffee", stating that the minigame was "the work of a determined group of hackers who have

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series were expected to contain graphic violence, depictions of crime, and coarse language, and Houser believed that the way to "include new functionality and interaction in line with the 'vibe' of the game" was to branch into more explicit sexual content. The inclusion of sexual content in video

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to place warning labels on violent video games and require retailers to check for identification before selling these games to customers. On the following day, while Vance criticised Yee for his "crusade ... to undermine the integrity of the ESRB", she also announced that the Board had opened an

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on 25 November, after the PlayStation release of the game, to see "how hard we can push the sex stuff" on the impending Windows release. Houser's original plan was to release two versions of the game, one with an M and the other with an AO rating, but the sales department was concerned about the

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s controversial content, stating, "We never felt that we were being attacked for the content, we were being attacked for the medium, which felt a little unfair. If all of this stuff had been put into a book or a movie, people wouldn't have blinked an eye." The modding community, meanwhile, felt

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modding community upon its release, Yee's comments drew the public's attention to the minigame. In a statement on his personal website, Wildenborg clarified that although he was not responsible for the creation of any explicit sexual material present in the game, such material was impossible to

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contains six unlockable girlfriends that can be discovered either through completing missions or by exploring the virtual world. Each girlfriend has preferences for CJ's appearance and date activities; if CJ impresses the girlfriend by catering to these preferences, the player unlocks certain

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would be released on Windows and the Xbox three days later than in North America, so he collaborated with a modder in the United States to gain early access to the game files. The American modder sent Wildenborg a copy of the game script, which Wildenborg altered with a

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was re-rated from "T" ("Teen 13+") to M after the ESRB discovered "more detailed descriptions of blood or gore than were considered in the original rating", as well as a locked skin which, if modded, allowed female characters to appear topless. Responding to both the

441:: First, they wanted to implement more role-playing elements without turning the series "uber-nerdy". Furthermore, they were determined to "do everything possible to exceed people's expectations" beyond previous games in the series. By this point, games in the 279:

told reporters before the game's release that he "wanted to blur the lines more between what was in-mission and part of the story and your 'leisure time' in the game ... all of your actions feel like they have consequences, and you are always in the world".

334:. Both characters remain clothed as the player is instructed to "push the left analog stick up and down in rhythm", which increases CJ's progress on a bar graph labelled "Excitement". Button controls allow the player to change the camera angle or the 768:. In addition to preventing the sale of M- and AO-rated video games to minors, the bill recommended that the FTC check annually for hidden content in existing games, such as the code that led to the "Hot Coffee" mod. The bill was referred to the 887:

violation, as by "merely 'wrapping' rather than removing the Adult Content, Defendants knew that the Adult Content would inevitably be made widely available". This suit was settled on 2 September 2009, with Take-Two agreeing to pay over

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status for her lawsuit. Settlement talks between the associated parties began in February 2007, and the case was settled on 28 January 2008. All customers who purchased the game before its ESRB re-rating were eligible for a claim up to

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series, on 29 April 2008, to critical and commercial acclaim. Some fans believed that the game included an Easter egg referencing Hillary Clinton's involvement in the "Hot Coffee" controversy. In the game, the Statue of Happiness, a

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in any promotion or advertisement for electronic games, content relevant to the rating, unless that content had been disclosed sufficiently in prior submissions to the rating authority", with violations punishable by a fine of up to

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The "Hot Coffee" scandal also had a major impact on the ESRB and video game content rating in the United States, as the Board was forced to refine its submission and rating process to avoid additional scandal. In the year after

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of its classification. Because Australia did not have an R18+ rating for games and it was used only for movies and TV shows at the time, the inclusion of explicit content instead resulted in a complete ban on sales of the game.

769: 133:"Hot Coffee" had a major impact on the video game industry. Rockstar Games's refusal to publicly comment on the matter was poorly received by the industry and modding community, while the ESRB announced fines of up to 2769: 892:

and enact changes to corporate governance policies and practices that would protect investors from future such issues. By this point, shareholders had voted to oust most of the executive leadership at Take-Two, with

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studio. While the publisher provided no reason for this decision, it was believed that it stemmed from the "increased political pressure" Take-Two was under, partially brought about by the "Hot Coffee" scandal.

971:, which would require the ESRB to access the full content of games before issuing a rating, as opposed to relying on video demonstrations from game companies. Brownback introduced the bill to both the 109th and 813: 709:

until they could release a version of the game that prohibited access to "Hot Coffee". On 11 August, Rockstar Games released a game patch disabling access to "Hot Coffee" for Windows customers. By September,

1140:. Two days after its wide release, Rockstar Games announced that they were removing the Windows version from online purchase to "remove files unintentionally included"; this primarily referred to the game 3706: 527:, and these previews confirmed their sexual nature. To overrule the control toggles around this hidden code, however, Wildenborg, Waterduck, and others had to wait until the game's Windows release. 338:. If the excitement bar reaches completion, CJ's girlfriend and the game congratulate the player; if the meter empties, the player is criticised for "ailure to satisfy a woman". There is also an 298:

game, where narrative missions are supplemented by other activities and interactions that have little bearing on the primary mission. One open world task in which CJ may participate is romantic.

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to the ESRB. Because the game was identical to the already-reviewed PlayStation 2 version, the company did not need to send the Board a content disc, and it was automatically given an M rating.

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was released for PlayStation 2 without "Hot Coffee". Outside of the US, Rockstar Games released an edited version of the game in September 2015, which received an MA15+ rating in Australia.

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an "AO" ("Adults Only") rating from the ESRB, and such a rating would curtail the markets in which the game could be sold, putting a great financial burden on Rockstar Games in the process.

311:. In the unmodified version of the game, the player hears muffled sexual sounds from inside the house, while the camera remains outside the front door and no explicit content is visible. 2934: 783:

voted 355–21 to launch an FTC investigation against Take-Two and Rockstar Games with the intent of determining whether the developers had intentionally misled the ESRB on the content of

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want to be controversial, that's great ... but then don't duck and cover when the shit hits the fan. Stand up and defend what you make." In a 2012 interview, Rockstar Games co-founder

796: (equivalent to $ 16,625 in 2023). The FTC opted not to fine either company for the "Hot Coffee" incident, but at the time of the decision, Take-Two had already incurred losses of 1215: 631:

with an AO rating for its violence and the explicit sexual activity in the "Hot Coffee" minigame. At the time, Yee had been promoting the AB450 bill, which would require the state of

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series' controversial reputation. The development team was forced to curtail the nudity and sexual content of Houser's original vision, however, to obtain a "Mature" rating from the

3840: 2529: 3002: 2106: 2601: 1253: 3770: 2759: 2364: 1022:-type figure, bears a physical resemblance to Clinton holding a steaming cup of coffee in place of a torch, and the game file for the statue is named "stat_hilberty01.wdr". 3673: 3373: 1503: 457:

On 14 July 2004, Houser emailed Jennifer Kolbe, Rockstar Games's director of operations, with a list of the sexual content he planned to include in the game. This included

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that after that point, manufacturers who failed to disclose mature or explicit content would be punished with fines up to $ 1 million. In September 2006, Senator

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begins with CJ returning to his home state, the fictional San Andreas, to attend his mother's funeral. Upon his return, he engages in an overarching quest to become a

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by the broad distribution of the third party modification", undermined "the credibility and utility of the initial ESRB rating". As a result, major retailers such as

5045: 4365: 936:. Some modders feared that all game alterations would be taken as intentionally hidden content, which could in turn lead to more legal restrictions on video games. 547:) on 8 June 2005, Wildenborg received a video of the minigame that his modifications had unlocked. Wildenborg released the game patch on 9 June to GTAGarage.com, a 3274: 2397: 3906: 820:, consumer deception, and unfair business practices by marketing the game under its initial M rating. A similar lawsuit was filed in January 2006 by the city of 3737: 2835: 2169: 3696: 4853: 4659: 4444: 2205: 1166: 137:

for game developers who failed to disclose the extent of their graphic content. "Hot Coffee" reappeared in future Rockstar Games releases: A similar mod for

3640: 2736: 3035: 2036: 1091:. The creators insisted that they had not violated service terms; despite their protest, the mod was taken down from Nexus Mods shortly after its release. 1933: 5055: 4757: 4510: 2670: 847:

had sold over 21.5 million copies, fewer than 3,000 customers filed claims in response to this settlement. While attorneys had settled the case for

384:. Upon its 2001 release, the graphic violence and sexual content in the game were met with controversy from politicians and other public figures such as 855:

to resolve the submitted claims, and most of the settlement cost would be in legal fees. Rockstar Games also agreed to make a charitable donation worth

816:. The woman had purchased the game for her 14-year-old grandson before it received its AO re-rating, and she alleged that Rockstar Games had engaged in 554:

website. He named the patch "Hot Coffee" after the euphemism used in the game, and it was downloaded over 1 million times in a span of four weeks.

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Notice of the National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games

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as part of the settlement. Because so few affected individuals pursued settlement claims, a judge decertified the settlement class on 31 July.

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to avoid an AO rating. The parties reached a settlement on 8 June 2006, with the FTC ruling that Take-Two and Rockstar Games had violated the

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mini-game in which the player must press buttons in rhythm, which results in CJ spanking his girlfriend and her excitement bar increasing.

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games proved challenging for developers, as the medium was still seen primarily as entertainment for children. The inclusion of in-game

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financial impact of releasing an explicit game. Instead, Rockstar Games decided to release the game in its M-rated form, with a later

115:, modder Patrick Wildenborg disabled the controls around the code. He released this modified code online under the name "Hot Coffee". 3760: 1536: 494:

including more graphic content for players who desired. On 7 January 2005, Rockstar Games submitted the Windows and Xbox versions of

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lawsuit alleged that the company had misled customers who believed the game's content fell along the lines of a "Mature" rating.

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successfully invited inside a girlfriend's home for sex. The "Hot Coffee" scandal was mentioned again upon the 2014 release of

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The discovery of the "Hot Coffee" minigame resulted in intense legal backlash for Rockstar Games and their parent company,

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investigation into "the circumstances surrounding the 'Hot Coffee' modification". On 12 July, meanwhile, the Australian

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rewards. When CJ has sufficiently impressed one of these girlfriends, she will invite him home "for some coffee", a

4260: 4250: 1412: 1088: 1045: 2195: 4963: 4496: 4370: 3630: 2726: 1027: 825: 3025: 2026: 1560:"Hypermediating the Game Interface: The Alienation Effect in Violent Videogames and the Problem of Serious Play" 247:, altering his hairstyle and outfits, and practising shooting and driving, the player maintains CJ's health and 5050: 4933: 4800: 4333: 4306: 4282: 4212: 4180: 4105: 3955: 3368: 3335: 3269: 1998: 1965: 1928: 1923: 1066: 812:

On 27 July 2005, an 85-year-old woman from New York filed a lawsuit against Rockstar Games and Take-Two in the

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claimed to have found "Hot Coffee" within the game's code. Three days after its removal, Rockstar Games made

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fine, to sell violent or sexually explicit video games to individuals under the age of 18. She filed the

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access without modifying the source code, and thus "Hot Coffee" could "therefore not be considered a

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made game mods more accessible to those outside of the hacking community. Rockstar Games's president

186: 119: 4985: 1494:"GTA San Andreas girlfriends: Where to find girlfriends, their likes and rewards in GTA San Andreas" 161:, was briefly removed from sale after data miners discovered the code associated with "Hot Coffee". 4750: 4698: 4684: 4458: 4175: 3995: 1827: 1125: 1009: 519:

with file names including "SEX", "KISSING", "SNM", and "BLOWJOBZ". One modder, operating under the

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and creating modifications, or "mods". By introducing in-game character customisation options,

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At the time of the "Hot Coffee" controversy, Take-Two was already under investigation by the

425:, Houser told reporters that the game was the "official conclusion to a trilogy" preceded by 400:

received commercial success but faced scrutiny, particularly among those concerned about the

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and takes her upstairs to engage in sexual intercourse. Rockstar Games, who developed the

933: 894: 867: 749: 730: 565: 339: 99:(ESRB). Rather than removing the content, the developers made it inaccessible to players. 126:(FTC) for failing to disclose the extent of graphic content present in the game, while a 2627: 4894: 4739: 4636: 4531: 4111: 4077: 1070: 972: 773: 714:

had been edited and released as an M-rated game for Windows and the Xbox. In November,

641: 486: 434: 408:(ESRB) in the United States, and Houser responded to the criticism by stating that the 363: 264: 208: 178: 59: 3864:"GTA Trilogy chaos continues as 'Hot coffee sex mini-game files' reportedly uncovered" 5024: 4427: 4400: 4245: 1859: 1583: 1459: 1408: 1109: 1105: 964: 561: 385: 228: 200: 104: 2323: 2128: 557:

On the day it was released, Houser discovered the "Hot Coffee" minigame by browsing

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All Your Base Are Belong To Us: How Fifty Years of Videogames Conquered Pop Culture

1712: 1531: 835: 746: 690: 511: 462: 335: 127: 3831:"Dataminers discover Hot Coffee code in GTA: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition" 3395: 669:

gone to significant trouble to alter scenes in the official version of the game".

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Glow Kids: How Screen Addiction is Hijacking Our Kids—And How to Break the Trance

2552: 1843: 1748: 1617: 1602: 1478: 1330: 4709: 4294: 4021: 3532: 2694:"Grandmother sues game maker over hidden sex in 'Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'" 1031: 879: 821: 619: 573: 531: 524: 466: 268: 248: 2858: 2792: 834:

In October 2006, a federal judge ruled that the initial plaintiff could pursue

4889: 4884: 4084: 4009: 1575: 1149: 1141: 1062: 1041: 921: 632: 614: 598: 540: 359: 295: 287: 276: 182: 144: 78: 2291: 1451: 3835: 3761:"Red Dead 2's Hot Coffee Mod Is in Hot Water (Update: It's Been Taken Down)" 3701: 3431: 3164: 3062: 2296: 2233: 1717: 1498: 765: 304: 3924: 3697:"Red Dead Redemption 2 Hot Coffee mod creator defiant despite legal threat" 3426: 2628:"FTC settles with Rockstar over Hot Coffee: potential for sex all it takes" 1851: 961:

United States House Energy Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce

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in the area's criminal underworld. Although there is an overarching plot,

4410: 4326: 4192: 3765: 3561:"The New 'Grand Theft Auto' Lets You Have Realistic Sex With Prostitutes" 2596: 2525: 2494: 2461: 2359: 2327: 2264: 2132: 1661: 1210: 1113: 1075: 871: 764:

on 17 December 2005, with backing from fellow senators Joe Lieberman and

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community discovered hidden code that, when enabled, allows protagonist

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on the PlayStation 2 before Windows impacted the modding community, as

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on children. Both games received an "M" ("Mature 17+") rating from the

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United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation

3096: 3030: 2929: 2425: 831:. Several similar claims were ultimately consolidated into one case. 523:

Barton Waterduck, was able to preview the animations using character

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series, and video games as a medium, were not designed for children.

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Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal

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In response to the re-ratings, Take-Two suspended all production of

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in 2020 and subsequently taken down by Rockstar Games, while 2021's

4488: 1994:"California Game Restrictions Bill Stalls Before Passing Committee" 1886:"Sam Houser Interview: Tough Talk from the Don of Grand Theft Auto" 4316: 2421:"An Extensive Look Back at Some of the Games Australia Has Banned" 1242:"Thinking of the Children: The Failure of Violent Video Game Laws" 814:

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

725: 593: 470: 354: 31: 4015: 3124:"Hot Coffee finally cools off with $ 20 million settlement" 2164: 2031: 1828:"Effects of Violent Video Games: 50 Years on, Where are we now?" 36:

The player, as CJ (right), engaging in the "Hot Coffee" minigame

4492: 3928: 3494:"Is 'Grand Theft Auto IV' the greatest writing of the century?" 1527:"GTA San Andreas girlfriends and how to go on the perfect date" 1065:

that drew comparisons to "Hot Coffee". In the mod, protagonist

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Following the ESRB's announcement that they were investigating

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MA15+, which limited purchase to individuals aged 15 or older.

627:, issued a press release condemning the ESRB for not providing 3901: 3635: 3464: 2892:"'Hot Coffee' Class Action Settled, $ 35 Rewarded For Outrage" 2830: 2760:"Update 1 – Take-Two agrees to 'Grand Theft' settlement talks" 2665: 2392: 2200: 1281: 697:

for as long as it was rated AO. On 29 July, the OFLC stripped

62:. While it was not playable in the official game release, the 975:, and it expired without action at the end of both sessions. 3730:"Red Dead Redemption 2's Hot Coffee mod has been taken down" 3528:"Why GTA 4's Statue of Happiness Looks Like Hillary Clinton" 2993:"Settlement Over Sex Scenes in Grand Theft Auto Hits a Snag" 1206:"No San Andreas until October 26, M-rated GBA GTA confirmed" 1030:

called "Warm Coffee", the criteria being to get protagonist

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letter stating that their creation had violated the game's

366:, requested the inclusion of sexually explicit elements in 203:

on 26 October 2004. The game was subsequently released for

2522:"Hillary Clinton promotes law to ban violent video games" 878:

settlement on 9 June 2005. On 17 February 2006, Take-Two

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announced that they would immediately cease all sales of

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On 20 July 2005, the ESRB announced that all editions of

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to unlock the minigame and returned. At 11:37 p.m. (

3631:"Fans Made a 'Hot Coffee' Mod for Red Dead Redemption 2" 1040:, in which players could engage in sexual activity with 3298:"ESRB promises heavy fines for publisher nondisclosure" 3092:"Investors Sue Take-Two Over Grand Theft Auto Fallout" 3026:"'Hot Coffee' Class Action Suit Squashed by the Court" 2859:"Take-Two in settlement talks over Hot Coffee lawsuit" 1826:

Goodson, Simon; Turner, Kirstie J. (11 January 2021).

1753:. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press. pp. 225–241. 1622:. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press. p. 89. 1436:"The Meaning of Race and Violence in Grand Theft Auto" 1097:

Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition

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of its content. Over the next month, Rockstar Games's

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Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition

4974: 2592:"House backs federal investigation of Rockstar Games" 2160:"Hackers behind sex change, says 'Grand Theft' maker" 2096:"In Video Game, a Download Unlocks Hidden Sex Scenes" 3897:"GTA Trilogy Is Back on the Rockstar Games Launcher" 3798:

on Nov. 11: Cartoonier, flashier, and Game Pass-ier"

3364:"Brownback Re-Intros Truth in Video Game Rating Act" 3153: 3151: 2959:"Hidden Sex Scenes Draw Ho-Hum, Except From Lawyers" 1619:

God in the Machine: Video Games as Spiritual Pursuit

772:, where it expired without action at the end of the 4918: 4877: 4838: 4792: 4538: 4436: 4354: 4221: 4158: 4121: 3980: 3598:

Now Involves First-Person Graphic Sex With Hookers"

3090: 2355:"GTA gets trilogized, San Andreas special edition" 2557:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. p. 133. 2388:"Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas – Special Edition" 581:would comply with any forthcoming investigation. 437:faced two major challenges in the development of 3396:"S. 568 (110th): Truth in Video Game Rating Act" 2793:"Take-Two dealt setback with Hot Coffee lawsuit" 1832:Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 1275:McLaughlin, Rus; Thomas, Lucas M. (6 May 2013). 864:United States Securities and Exchange Commission 3664:"Red Dead Redemption 2 gets a 'Hot Coffee' mod" 2490:"Family Entertainment Protection act now filed" 2419:Walker, Alex; Williams, Leah (17 August 2021). 2058:Jenkins, David; Carless, Simon (12 July 2005). 2027:"ESRB to investigate 'San Andreas' sex content" 874:Ryan Brant. This investigation culminated in a 716:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas – Special Edition 564:where it was being discussed. On the same day, 1277:"IGN Presents The History of Grand Theft Auto" 655:While "Hot Coffee" had been popular among the 374:The first commercially successful game in the 4504: 3940: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1094:On 11 November 2021, Rockstar Games released 8: 4854:Jacked: The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto 4445:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association 2826:"Hot Coffee Still Has Take Two in Hot Water" 1657:"Confirmed: Sex minigame in PS2 San Andreas" 1167:Jacked: The Outlaw Story of Grand Theft Auto 843: (equivalent to $ 49.53 in 2023). While 638:Office of Film and Literature Classification 217:video game franchise and a sequel to 2002's 211:on 7 June 2005. The fifth instalment in the 3089:Fredenburgh, Catherine (17 February 2006). 2457:"Clinton calls for federal game regulation" 1742: 1740: 1338:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 263:community, with players known as "modders" 4679: 4674: 4599: 4594: 4547: 4542: 4511: 4497: 4489: 4358: 3947: 3933: 3925: 3160:"Take-Two settles Hot Coffee class action" 2450: 2448: 2229:"Wal-Mart, Target pull 'Grand Theft Auto'" 2196:"GTA: San Andreas Gets Adults Only Rating" 1706: 1704: 1434:DeVane, Ben; Squire, Kurt D. (July 2008). 1324: 2621: 2619: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1235: 1233: 959:incidents, the ESRB testified before the 27:Minigame in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 2189: 2187: 1784: 1782: 737:in response to the "Hot Coffee" scandal. 239:elements. By exercising and feeding the 5031:2005 controversies in the United States 4981: 3526:Sakellariou, Alexandra (9 March 2021). 1924:"Hot Coffee's Effects on the Mod Scene" 1196: 897:named the new chief executive officer. 572:, discovered the minigame by viewing a 5046:Obscenity controversies in video games 3843:from the original on 12 September 2022 3829:Yin-Poole, Wesley (13 November 2021). 3695:Yin-Poole, Wesley (22 February 2020). 3439:from the original on 12 September 2022 3331:"Senate Proposes New ESRB Legislation" 3058:"'Grand Theft' maker settles with SEC" 2706:from the original on 12 September 2022 2661:"Rockstar, FTC Settle Over Hot Coffee" 2304:from the original on 12 September 2022 1922:Brathwaite, Brenda (27 October 2006). 1492:Leguiza, Santiago (11 November 2021). 924:responded to the backlash surrounding 781:United States House of Representatives 515:Patrick Wildenborg, uncovered several 235:, as well as the introduction of more 3909:from the original on 14 December 2021 3876:from the original on 13 November 2021 3810:from the original on 12 November 2021 3573:from the original on 24 November 2021 3376:from the original on 10 November 2011 3343:from the original on 14 November 2021 3310:from the original on 26 February 2022 3207:from the original on 3 September 2018 3194:"Stockholders Oust Chief at Take-Two" 3070:from the original on 11 February 2022 2925:"Grand Theft Auto Lawsuit Falls Flat" 2871:from the original on 20 November 2021 2838:from the original on 4 September 2019 2824:Sanders, Kathleen (30 October 2006). 2758:Bansal, Paritosh (28 February 2007). 2334:from the original on 13 November 2005 1539:from the original on 18 February 2022 1156:available for online purchase again. 506:Rockstar Games's decision to release 227:expanded upon its predecessor with a 7: 4829:The Trilogy – The Definitive Edition 4452:Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti 3592:Friedman, Megan (18 November 2014). 3329:Boyer, Brandon (27 September 2006). 3024:McWhertor, Michael (5 August 2008). 2991:Glater, Jonathan D. (31 July 2008). 2956:Glater, Jonathan D. (25 June 2008). 2890:Cavalli, Earnest (28 January 2008). 2805:from the original on 4 December 2020 2241:from the original on 26 October 2021 2208:from the original on 29 October 2021 1289:from the original on 29 January 2022 1218:from the original on 8 February 2019 1055:In February 2020, a modification to 1052:received an M rating from the ESRB. 789:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 330:from his girlfriend, CJ assumes the 4381:Family Entertainment Protection Act 3862:Robinson, Andy (13 November 2021). 3773:from the original on 18 August 2021 3191:Peters, Jeremy W. (30 March 2007). 2386:Dunham, Jeremy (18 November 2005). 2261:"Australia Bans 'Grand Theft Auto'" 999:that had been in production at its 762:Family Entertainment Protection Act 735:Family Entertainment Protection Act 603:Entertainment Software Rating Board 450:, for instance, was likely to earn 406:Entertainment Software Rating Board 326:found in the code. After receiving 97:Entertainment Software Rating Board 3895:Skrebels, Joe (14 November 2021). 3792:Machovech, Sam (22 October 2021). 3759:Wakeling, Richard (3 March 2020). 3740:from the original on 15 April 2022 3676:from the original on 12 April 2022 3662:Good, Owen S. (22 February 2020). 3458:Dunham, Jeremy (24 January 2008). 3362:Dobson, Jason (13 February 2007). 3277:from the original on 13 March 2022 3240:from the original on 12 April 2022 3226:Stuart, Keith (18 November 2012). 3158:Bramwell, Tom (2 September 2009). 3005:from the original on 31 March 2022 2791:Bangeman, Eric (29 October 2006). 2725:Modine, Austin (26 January 2006). 2692:Neumeister, Larry (28 July 2005). 2532:from the original on 14 March 2022 2433:from the original on 26 March 2022 2353:Surette, Tim (23 September 2005). 2324:"No more 'Hot Coffee' sex for GTA" 2109:from the original on 13 March 2022 2039:from the original on 11 March 2022 2006:from the original on 11 March 2022 1973:from the original on 11 March 2022 979:Take-Two, Rockstar Games, and the 804:in 2023) from the earlier recall. 570:Entertainment Software Association 433:. Houser and the creative team at 103:discovered the code on the game's 25: 5056:Sex scandals in the United States 4137:California v. Activision Blizzard 3967:List of controversial video games 3643:from the original on 4 April 2022 3540:from the original on 18 July 2021 3406:from the original on 5 April 2017 3122:Kuchera, Ben (2 September 2009). 2673:from the original on 4 April 2022 2604:from the original on 9 April 2022 2292:"Australia bans GTA: San Andreas" 2271:from the original on 21 July 2015 2064:Australian Investigation Started" 1711:Parkin, Simon (2 December 2012). 1415:from the original on 30 July 2021 1204:Thorsen, Tor (9 September 2004). 987:In June 2006, Take-Two cancelled 475:video game content rating systems 5008: 4996: 4984: 4959: 4958: 3709:from the original on 31 May 2022 3610:from the original on 11 May 2021 3559:Cook, James (18 November 2014). 3507:from the original on 31 May 2022 3472:from the original on 14 May 2018 3261:"Breaking: ESRB Pulls, Re-Rates 3172:from the original on 31 May 2022 3136:from the original on 9 June 2021 3103:from the original on 31 May 2022 3038:from the original on 11 May 2021 2972:from the original on 29 May 2013 2937:from the original on 31 May 2022 2923:Ewalt, David M. (25 June 2008). 2904:from the original on 16 May 2022 2772:from the original on 31 May 2022 2739:from the original on 31 May 2022 2640:from the original on 31 May 2022 2571:from the original on 8 July 2023 2502:from the original on 31 May 2022 2469:from the original on 31 May 2022 2367:from the original on 2 July 2017 2172:from the original on 22 May 2022 2139:from the original on 31 May 2022 2074:from the original on 31 May 2022 1936:from the original on 31 May 2022 1866:from the original on 31 May 2022 1807:from the original on 31 May 2022 1789:Kushner, David (29 March 2007). 1767:from the original on 8 July 2023 1725:from the original on 31 May 2022 1636:from the original on 8 July 2023 1601: 1590:from the original on 31 May 2022 1525:Wilson, Iain (1 December 2021). 1506:from the original on 31 May 2022 1477: 1466:from the original on 31 May 2022 1381:The Journal of American Folklore 1352:from the original on 8 July 2023 1256:from the original on 31 May 2022 779:Meanwhile, on 28 July 2005, the 648:. The OFLC had originally rated 3728:Harris, Iain (18 August 2020). 3491:Gwinn, Eric (25 January 2009). 3296:Loughrey, Paul (15 June 2006). 2857:Bangeman, Eric (1 March 2007). 2400:from the original on 9 May 2022 2290:Bramwell, Tom (1 August 2005). 2129:"Sex controversy over GTA game" 1669:from the original on 2 May 2022 44:" is the unofficial name for a 18:Hot Coffee minigame controversy 4391:Truth in Video Game Rating Act 3629:Kim, Matt (21 February 2020). 3460:"GTA IV Worldwide on April 29" 2590:Feldman, Curt (28 July 2005). 2455:Feldman, Curt (14 July 2005). 2227:Morris, Chris (20 July 2005). 2158:Feldman, Curt (14 July 2005). 1955:Carless, Simon (7 July 2005). 969:Truth in Video Game Rating Act 947:The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion 914:The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion 870:involving company founder and 1: 5041:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 4619:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 4050:Super Columbine Massacre RPG! 3796:Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy 3425:Bramwell, Tom (7 July 2006). 3259:Carless, Simon (3 May 2006). 2488:Lees, J. (17 December 2005). 2194:Adams, David (20 July 2005). 2025:Feldman, Curt (8 July 2005). 1959:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 1655:Thorsen, Tor (19 July 2005). 1178:Sex and nudity in video games 906:Impact on the gaming industry 646:Attorney-General of Australia 402:impact of violent video games 259:series was popular among the 196:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 172:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 74:with his in-game girlfriend. 55:Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas 4366:Intellectual property rights 2659:Adams, David (8 June 2006). 2093:Lohr, Steve (11 July 2005). 1992:Maragos, Nich (5 May 2005). 1844:10.1089/cyber.2020.29205.vvg 1332:Jacked: The Outlaw Story of 1173:List of AO-rated video games 1100:. Designed for Windows, the 568:, then the president of the 530:Wildenborg was based in the 4612:Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 2626:Fisher, Ken (8 June 2006). 2551:Kardaras, Nicholas (2016). 502:Modifications and discovery 220:Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 5072: 1089:end-user license agreement 1048:. Despite this mechanism, 1026:has an obtainable in-game 909: 851:, it would take less than 590:Product rating and reissue 351:Rockstar Games development 251:. Prior to the release of 168: 4954: 4677: 4597: 4545: 4528: 4376:1993 U.S. Senate hearings 4371:Video Recordings Act 1984 4361: 4239:regionally censored games 3962: 1747:Goldberg, Harold (2011). 1713:"Who spilled Hot Coffee?" 1576:10.1080/01463370903550262 1240:Kenyota, Gregory (2008). 346:Development and discovery 77:Rockstar Games president 4213:Corrupted Blood incident 4106:Digital Homicide Studios 3956:Video game controversies 1616:Leibovitz, Liel (2013). 1452:10.1177/1555412008317308 1069:meets a prostitute in a 1046:first-person perspective 1007:Rockstar Games released 754:Federal Trade Commission 722:Federal and legal action 421:prior to the release of 314:The modified version of 124:Federal Trade Commission 4171:Cheating in video games 2699:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 1791:"The Road to Ruin: How 1564:Communication Quarterly 1329:Kushner, David (2012). 1083:, issued the modders a 1013:, the next game in the 625:California State Senate 318:replaces this censored 231:four times larger than 89:while also pushing the 81:wanted to include more 4723:The Ballad of Gay Tony 4396:Video Game Decency Act 4188:Death of Brandon Crisp 4166:Blitzchung controversy 1558:Farman, Jason (2010). 738: 610: 461:, sexual intercourse, 371: 37: 5036:Grand Theft Auto mods 4847:Grand Theft Childhood 4256:Gender representation 4198:2017 Wichita swatting 3869:Video Games Chronicle 1957:"Yee Blasts ESRB For 1377:and Digital Folklore" 1373:"Grove Street Grimm: 1371:Miller, Kiri (2008). 1058:Red Dead Redemption 2 808:Class action lawsuits 729: 597: 415:In an interview with 358: 140:Red Dead Redemption 2 35: 4808:Liberty City Stories 4605:Grand Theft Auto III 4466:Epic Games v. Google 4208:match fixing scandal 4143:ABK Workers Alliance 4124:workplace misconduct 4092:Six Days in Fallujah 3427:"Take-Two cans Snow" 1130:Grand Theft Auto III 517:character animations 427:Grand Theft Auto III 394:Grand Theft Auto III 381:Grand Theft Auto III 187:Take-Two Interactive 120:Take-Two Interactive 4751:Old Love / New Love 4716:The Lost and Damned 4699:Grand Theft Auto VI 4685:Grand Theft Auto IV 4459:Epic Games v. Apple 4159:Other controversies 2727:"L.A. sez gme over" 2528:. 1 December 2005. 1024:Grand Theft Auto IV 1010:Grand Theft Auto IV 798:$ 24.5 million 362:, the president of 332:missionary position 153:, which includes a 4868:Grand Theft Hamlet 4692:Grand Theft Auto V 4560:Grand Theft Auto 2 4473:Strickland v. Sony 4278:Simulator sickness 3972:Video game culture 3596:Grand Theft Auto V 3200:The New York Times 2998:The New York Times 2965:The New York Times 2330:. 11 August 2005. 2102:The New York Times 1393:10.1353/jaf.0.0017 1079:series as well as 1050:Grand Theft Auto V 1037:Grand Theft Auto V 1001:Frog City Software 997:illegal drug trade 993:real-time strategy 912:ESRB re-rating of 876:$ 7.5 million 849:$ 1.3 million 739: 611: 372: 309:sexual intercourse 135:US$ 1 million 107:release, and when 72:sexual intercourse 38: 4972: 4971: 4815:Vice City Stories 4788: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4423:Video game piracy 4406:Microtransactions 3303:GamesIndustry.biz 2564:978-1-250-09799-6 1760:978-0-307-46355-5 1629:978-1-59947-437-3 1440:Games and Culture 1345:978-1-118-19792-9 1144:, which included 1020:Statue of Liberty 890:$ 20 million 818:false advertising 802:$ 37 million 245:Carl "CJ" Johnson 111:was released for 70:to have animated 68:Carl "CJ" Johnson 16:(Redirected from 5063: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4962: 4961: 4943:Multi Theft Auto 4935:Grand Theft Auto 4927:Grand Theft Auto 4861:The Gamechangers 4680: 4675: 4600: 4595: 4553:Grand Theft Auto 4548: 4543: 4521:Grand Theft Auto 4513: 4506: 4499: 4490: 4359: 4064:Ethnic Cleansing 3996:Custer's Revenge 3949: 3942: 3935: 3926: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3566:Business Insider 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3496: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3196: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3094: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2961: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2623: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2267:. 29 July 2005. 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2191: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2135:. 11 July 2005. 2125: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2098: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2062:GTA: San Andreas 2055: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1919: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1894:. Archived from 1882: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1793:Grand Theft Auto 1786: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1744: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1708: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1446:(3–4): 264–285. 1431: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1387:(481): 255–285. 1375:Grand Theft Auto 1368: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1334:Grand Theft Auto 1326: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1237: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1201: 1184:The Gamechangers 1146:unlicensed songs 1085:cease and desist 1081:Grand Theft Auto 1061:was released on 1015:Grand Theft Auto 981:Grand Theft Auto 953:Grand Theft Auto 930: 926:Grand Theft Auto 891: 877: 858: 854: 850: 842: 829:Rocky Delgadillo 803: 799: 795: 759: 657:Grand Theft Auto 613:On 7 July 2005, 605:for not issuing 578:public relations 559:Grand Theft Auto 550:Grand Theft Auto 443:Grand Theft Auto 410:Grand Theft Auto 376:Grand Theft Auto 322:with the unused 294:is primarily an 257:Grand Theft Auto 241:player character 214:Grand Theft Auto 191:action-adventure 136: 92:Grand Theft Auto 50:action-adventure 21: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5051:Self-censorship 5021: 5020: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4997: 4995: 4991:Human sexuality 4983: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4950: 4914: 4873: 4834: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4728: 4669: 4664: 4641: 4630: 4589: 4584: 4577: 4534: 4524: 4517: 4487: 4478: 4432: 4350: 4268:Health problems 4217: 4154: 4123: 4117: 4057:Muslim Massacre 3976: 3958: 3953: 3923: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3500:Chicago Tribune 3490: 3489: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3280: 3278: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3157: 3156: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3066:. 9 June 2005. 3056: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2643: 2641: 2625: 2624: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2565: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2436: 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1128:compilation of 1118:Xbox Series X/S 1102:Nintendo Switch 985: 967:introduced the 934:chilling effect 928: 917: 908: 903: 895:Strauss Zelnick 889: 875: 868:insider trading 856: 852: 848: 840: 810: 801: 800:(equivalent to 797: 793: 757: 752:petitioned the 750:Hillary Clinton 733:introduced the 731:Hillary Clinton 724: 601:criticised the 592: 587: 566:Doug Lowenstein 504: 481:Houser emailed 467:erotic whipping 396:and its sequel 353: 348: 340:erotic spanking 189:, released the 176: 167: 134: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5069: 5067: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4966: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4931: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4895:Leslie Benzies 4892: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4825: 4822:Chinatown Wars 4818: 4811: 4804: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4754: 4742: 4740:Trevor Philips 4737: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4678: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4637:Tommy Vercetti 4633: 4631: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4598: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4532:Rockstar Games 4529: 4526: 4525: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4508: 4501: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4336: 4331: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4312:Sexual content 4309: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4225: 4223: 4222:Social aspects 4219: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4206:Counter-Strike 4202: 4201: 4200: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4133: 4131:Crunch culture 4127: 4125: 4122:Harassment and 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4112:Active Shooter 4108: 4103: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4078:V-Tech Rampage 4074: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3921: 3920: 3887: 3854: 3821: 3784: 3751: 3720: 3687: 3654: 3621: 3584: 3551: 3518: 3483: 3450: 3417: 3387: 3369:Game Developer 3354: 3336:Game Developer 3321: 3288: 3270:Game Developer 3251: 3218: 3183: 3147: 3114: 3081: 3049: 3016: 2983: 2948: 2915: 2882: 2849: 2816: 2783: 2750: 2717: 2684: 2651: 2615: 2582: 2563: 2543: 2513: 2480: 2444: 2411: 2378: 2345: 2315: 2282: 2252: 2219: 2183: 2150: 2120: 2085: 2068:Game Developer 2050: 2017: 1999:Game Developer 1984: 1966:Game Developer 1947: 1929:Game Developer 1909: 1898:on 2 June 2016 1877: 1818: 1795:Hit the Skids" 1778: 1759: 1736: 1680: 1647: 1628: 1608: 1550: 1517: 1484: 1426: 1363: 1344: 1300: 1267: 1252:(3): 785–816. 1229: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1161: 1158: 984: 977: 973:110th Congress 944:was reissued, 907: 904: 902: 899: 866:on charges of 809: 806: 774:109th Congress 723: 720: 642:Philip Ruddock 617:, the speaker 591: 588: 586: 583: 562:message boards 503: 500: 487:Leslie Benzies 435:Rockstar North 364:Rockstar Games 352: 349: 347: 344: 267:into a game's 179:Rockstar Games 166: 163: 143:was posted on 60:Rockstar Games 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5068: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5016: 5006: 5004: 5003:United States 4994: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4965: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4810: 4809: 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