Hot Springs National Park - Knowledge (XXG)

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remained open for two years. In 1916 the Public Health Service opened a clinic for the examination and treatment of indigents taking the free baths. 100,000 baths a year were given to the poor. Applicants for free baths were required to make an oath that they were without and unable to obtain means to pay for the baths, with violations being a misdemeanor subject to fine and/or imprisonment. Tickets were issued to those who, after examination, were found to be suffering from diseases which were reasonably expected to be benefited from the baths.

1500: 74: 1651:(2,700 m) roughly along the axis of the Hot Springs anticline, and dips about 44 degrees north. It has been proposed that a fault splits away from the southern fault, trends west and connects with the northern fault. A natural ravine trends along the location of this fault. Extensive cracks, joints, and fissures in the Bigfork Chert, Arkansas Novaculite, and the Hot Springs Sandstone allow the water to flow in the thermal springs area. Dissolved minerals in the water precipitate to form the white to tan 2609: 520: 1714: 458: 326: 291: 1668: 391: 815:

have return travel fare, due to many destitute invalids who arrived each year in the mistaken belief that there was a public institution at which they would be cared for free of charge. The free bathhouse closed in 1957, as it was more economical to have the few indigent customers served by the commercial bathhouses. The poor applied at park headquarters and upon approval by a physician were sent to a participating bathhouse, which was reimbursed by the government.

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section of the flow path before rising along fault and fracture conduits. Under artesian pressure, the thermal waters rise and emerge through the Hot Springs Sandstone between the traces of two thrust faults, along several northeast-trending lineaments. Some rainwater from near the springs mixes with the deep hot water before discharge. The trip down takes about 4,000 years while the hot water takes about a year to reach the surface.

603: 556: 1703:. At the time collection and distribution equipment was designed to retain the radon gas, while now it is designed to allow it to escape. The level of exposure to radiation that results from bathing appears to be similar to the level that would result from sitting in the sun for the same period of time. The park water is considered well within safe limits and similar to other natural waters throughout the world. 532: 4203: 764:. On February 15, 1956, a severe flood filled Central Avenue with three feet of rushing water, causing significant property damage. On May 19, 1990, a series of storms dropped more than 13 inches (330 mm) of rain into the city, causing flash floods. A wave of water six feet high washed through downtown Hot Springs, causing extensive damage. During the flood, Carpenter Dam Bridge was washed away. 1480:

predominantly are composed of hot water from thousands of feet underground mixed with some shallow cold ground water. Currently, there are 43 thermal springs in the park that are presumed to be flowing. Thermal water from 33 of the thermal springs is collected and monitored at a central reservoir, which distributes the combined discharge for public use and consumption. Rock types in the area include

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associated with hotels, hospitals, or sanatoria. The water is the same for all, but the prices charged for the baths have varied according to the equipment, accommodations and services offered by each facility. The charges for the services of the attendants are the same and include the necessities except towels, blankets, bathrobes, laundering, rubbing mercury, and handling of invalids.

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During this the bather is also drinking hot water from their coffee-pot. After these eight to ten minutes of treatment, the bather is well rubbed down and thoroughly dried. The blanket-covered customer then would walk briskly back to their quarters to lie down for at least a half-hour to let the body recover its normal temperature. Sleeping at this stage was considered dangerous.

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the south and east. The climate is good throughout the year. The elevation of the city is 600 feet (180 m) above sea level, with surrounding hills rising another 600 feet. In the first half of the 20th century, the city operated primarily as a summer resort, but hotels have now long stayed open during the winter due to many northerly patrons coming to escape the winter cold.

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Prudhomme, of French colonial descent, became the first European-American settler of modern Hot Springs. After he regained his health following two years of bathing in the hot water and eating local foods, he returned home to his plantation on the Red River in Louisiana. Not long afterward trappers John Perciful and Isaac Cates arrived; Perciful put up more cabins for visitors.

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and honorably discharged veterans. The waters of the hot springs had an established reputation in benefiting those suffering from illnesses. Admission to the hospital was reserved for cases "of a serious and obstinate character, which, though resisting ordinary methods of relief, were promised a rapid and permanent recovery from the use of the waters of the spring."

3434: 3483: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3448: 3441: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3091: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3056: 1680:. The water from many springs is now combined in one supply, with the total amount of water varying from 750,000 to 950,000 US gallons (2.8 to 3.6 ML) a day. The temperature averages about 143 °F (62 °C). Maximum temperatures have declined about 5 °F (2.8 °C) since records have been kept. 580:, Fordyce, Buckstaff, the 500-room Eastman Hotel, Maurice, La Mar, Majestic Hotel, Quapaw, Hale, Imperial, Moody Hotel, Ozark, St. Joseph's Infirmary, Superior, Ozark Sanatorium, Rockafellow, and Alhambra, and for people of color at the Pythian, Woodmen of Union and National Baptist Hotel and Sanitorium. 670:

originally to be used by the city of Hot Springs as a hospital, there is a case that the Army and Navy Hospital building would have to be used for that purpose for new occupants. Those seeking to preserve the building estimate it could cost $ 1 million per year to maintain and speculate that both the

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The present facility was built in 1933 as the second Army-Navy hospital. It has been used and operated by the state for over 60 years, first as the Hot Springs Rehabilitation Center, then for a short time as the Arkansas Career Training Institute, and the Arkansas Career Development Center until May

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The process described in 1878 was a hot bath of 90 to 95 °F (32 to 35 °C) for about 3 minutes (timed with a sand-glass). This was followed by another three minutes with all but the head in a steam box, or if milder treatment was prescribed, sitting atop the steam box covered with a blanket.

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The hot baths were usually taken once a day for three weeks, when a rest was necessary (often with a week at the sulphur springs near the Ouachita River). A second three weeks' course was then taken, followed again by an abstinence from bathing for several days. The usual stay at the springs was from

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mudpit and pool were closed, and the first Government Free Bathhouse operated at the site. The Government Free Bathhouse was a concrete building fully equipped for bathing large numbers of people under sanitary conditions. In 1878 the Army and Navy opened a free dispensary on the second floor, which

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The area was popular with baseball players in the early 20th century, and was used by some teams for spring training. In 1929, prices for single baths ranged from $ 1 to $ 1.40, while a course of 21 baths was $ 16 to $ 24. Facilities were segregated until civil rights legislation in the 1960s. Baths

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The National Park Service exercises no control or supervision over any matters connected with the city. The city starts on the other side of Central Avenue from Bathhouse Row. Its development has extended beyond the narrow valley in which the springs are located, spreading out over the open plain to

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After direct federal supervision was exercised beginning in 1877, major improvements were made. The creek was covered with stone arches, and above it a street 100 ft (30 m) wide was built. All the squatters were evicted, rubbish cleaned up, and a centralized plumbing system was begun. This

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about 26 degrees north. At the northern extent of the thermal springs, this fault is suggested to form along the bedding contact of the Hot Springs Sandstone and Stanley Shale, with the Stanley Shale forming the hanging wall of the fault. The southern fault extends northeastward about 9,000 ft

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The former Army and Navy General Hospital was also supplied with water from the springs. It is located behind the south end of Bathhouse Row along the base of Hot Springs Mountain. It was administered by the War Department for the benefit of military members, officers of the Public Health Service,

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At present on Bathhouse Row only the Buckstaff and Quapaw are operating as bathhouses. The Fordyce is open as a visitor center; its staff gives tours of the facilities that have been historically renovated to their original appearance. The Ozark is housing the Museum of Contemporary Art; its space

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Although details of services were left to bathhouse operators, the Park's superintendent set various rules. In the 1930s a tub bath could not take more than 20 minutes and shower no more than 90 seconds. During the next decade shower time was reduced to a minute, with maximum temperatures specified

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During the peak popularity of the hot springs, until the 1950s, the many patients staying for three weeks, six weeks, or longer were a large source of business for the numerous hotels, boarding houses, doctors, and drugstores. As the daily treatments required only an hour or two, the visitors' idle

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made an expedition to the Ouachita Mountains and the springs at the request of President Thomas Jefferson, to study the native peoples and flora and fauna. They found one log cabin and a few rudimentary shelters used by people visiting the springs for their healing properties. In 1807 Jean Emmanual

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The Arkansas Novaculite consists of lower, middle, and upper members. The lower member is a massive fractured novaculite, and is the dominant member on Hot Springs Mountain, with a thickness of about 275 ft (84 m) The middle member is a black clay shale interbedded with novaculite, about

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A new free bathhouse was built in 1904, with separate facilities for black and white patrons. The materials used in construction were of poor quality. A new bathhouse was built off the reservation in 1922. The Park Service reminded people that they had to provide their own board and lodging and to

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The city has also been subject to flooding because of the narrow valley. On May 14, 1923, a severe rainstorm hit the city. With mountains surrounding three sides of the city, water flooded down the slopes of the mountains, funneling to Central Avenue and reaching a depth of nine feet. A lightning

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As in many other cities, fire has been a risk, especially before city services were developed. On March 5, 1878, a large fire burned for eight hours in the city, claiming nearly 150 buildings, including hotels, bath houses, and restaurants. On February 26, 1905, a fire started in the Grand Central

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The bathhouses began using vapor cabinets around 1884. The bather sat in the cabinet for 10–20 minutes with the lid closed tightly around the neck, with vapor from the hot water rising through the floor of the cabinet, with temperatures around 110–130 °F (43–54 °C). Toward the end of the

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By act of Congress in 1921, the site's name was officially changed from the Hot Springs Reservation to Hot Springs National Park. The government acquired more land, expanding it to more than 900 acres (360 ha), including Hot Springs Mountain, North Mountain, West Mountain, Sugarloaf Mountain,

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The water all comes from the same deep source, but surface appearance of the springs differed. What was called Mud Spring had a tepid ooze where there was no danger of being scalded. Springs acquired names such as Magnesia, Big Iron, and Arsenic. Big Iron's water, with significant dissolved iron,

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The thermal springs are situated in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. The springs emerge in a gap between Hot Springs Mountain and West Mountain in an area about 1,500 feet (460 m) long by 400 feet (120 m) wide at altitudes from 576 to 683 feet (176 to 208 m). The springs

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The treatment was by drinking and bathing in the waters, producing a profuse perspiration, which was considered an active agent in fighting disease. The advice of a physician who was familiar with the use of the waters was considered necessary to avoid injury. In many cases medicine was required

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The earliest bathing procedure consisted of merely reclining in natural pools of hot springs and cool creek water for long periods of time. During the 1820s crude vapor baths stood over the springs, and bathers breathed in the vapors for extended periods of time. Wooden tubs were added to some

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The water comes from rain which falls in mountains to the north and northeast. Flowing downward through cracked rock at about one foot per year, the meteoric water migrates to estimated minimum depths of 4,500 to 7,500 ft (1,400 to 2,300 m) and achieves high temperatures in the deep

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The springs are grouped about the base of the Hot Springs Mountain, with a flow of well over a half million gallons a day. The hot water is supplied to the various bathhouses, with resulting income from concession fees going to the U.S. Treasury. The park has miles of roads and trails over the

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range. In the park, the hot springs have not been preserved in their unaltered state as natural surface phenomena. They have been managed to conserve the production of uncontaminated hot water for public use. The mountains within the park are also managed within this conservation philosophy to

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There have been nearly two dozen pay bathhouses operating at the same time, with about nine of those within the park's "Bathhouse Row." (Facilities have been reworked over the years, and the Quapaw operate a bath incorporating two previously separate bathhouses). Nine of the bathhouses were

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The city of Hot Springs (incorporated 1851) is governed under State and municipal law. In the 1870s, African Americans in town were concentrated in Happy Valley, north of Hot Springs Mountain. There were churches of various denominations, including Baptist for white and black congregations.

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The first bathhouses were little more than brush huts and log cabins placed over excavations cut in the rocks to receive hot water that flowed from the springs. Entrepreneurs soon developed more elaborate bathing facilities, featuring wooden troughs delivering water from hillside springs to

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Hotel on Chapel Street and burned 25 blocks of the southern section of Hot Springs. On September 5, 1913, a laundry worker was ironing and accidentally started a fire at 424 Church Street, which spread rapidly due to strong winds and burned nearly 60 blocks of the south part of the city.

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trending nearly parallel to fold axes that define the northern and southern limits of the thermal springs discharge area. The northern fault extends nearly parallel to Fountain Street northeastward about 9,200 ft (2,800 m) onto the southeast flank of North Mountain, and

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formed the national reservation, granting federal protection of the thermal waters and giving Hot Springs the honor of being the first area to be designated for federal government protection. The Hot Springs Reservation was set aside for public use as a park on June 16, 1880.

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sandstone, but weathers easily to a soft, clayey porous material ranging from green to brown in color. Almost all of the low-lying areas in the city of Hot Springs are composed of the Stanley Shale, and it surrounds Hot Springs Mountain on the south, east, and west

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During the 1870s the bathing regimen became more diverse, and physicians prescribed various types of baths for patients. The period of time for tub baths became six to ten minutes and the time in the steam bath shortened to two minutes, with only one bath a day.

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The Bigfork Chert overlies the Womble Shale and consists almost entirely of chert and silty chert in layers 2 to 12 inches (51 to 305 mm) thick, separated by minor thin beds of black shale. The chert is very brittle and intensely fractured from

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On February 27, 2014, fire broke out at the Majestic Hotel on Park Avenue just outside the boundaries of the national park. It took 75 firefighters over 22 hours to extinguish the blaze in the yellow brick portion (oldest section of the hotel).

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on April 20, 1832, to be preserved for future recreation. Established before the concept of a national park existed, it was the first time that land had been set aside by the federal government to preserve its use as an area for recreation. The

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The park includes portions of downtown Hot Springs, making it one of the most accessible national parks. There are numerous hiking trails and camping areas. Bathing in spring water is available in approved facilities at extra cost. The entire

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for several services. After a bath of about 98 °F (37 °C), the patient might spend 2–5 minutes in a vapor cabinet, get 15 minutes of packs (wet, hot or cold), followed by a tepid needle shower, and light massage and alcohol rub.

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bathhouses along the east bank of Hot Springs Creek. Some of the tufa covering the hillside was excavated to accommodate the bathhouses. The narrow street along the west side of the creek was connected to the bathhouses by narrow bridges.

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bathhouses in the 1830s. Physicians began arriving in the 1850s, although many visitors did without their services; visitors remained from one week to two months. After the Civil War a tub bath of 15 to 20 minutes was common.

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in the 1830s. After Arkansas became a territory in 1819, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature requested in 1820 that the springs and adjoining mountains be set aside as a federal reservation. Twelve years later, in 1832, the

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water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess medicinal properties, and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes. Following federal protection in 1832, the city developed into a successful

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By 1980 one reporter described getting a 20-minute bath, two minutes in a steam bath, 15 minutes wrapped with hot packs, and resting in a cooling room for 20–30 minutes. The current modern facilities are oriented toward

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The Hot Springs Sandstone Member of the Stanley Shale, hereafter referred to as the Hot Springs Sandstone, consists of fine- to medium-grained sandstone with some shale and conglomerate. The sandstone is gray, hard and

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10 ft (3.0 m) thick on Hot Springs Mountain. The upper member is chiefly a massive, highly calcareous light gray to black novaculite. It reaches a maximum thickness of 180 ft (55 m) in the area.

314:, and other tribes from the Southeast across the Mississippi River. There was agreement among the tribes that they would put aside their weapons and partake of the healing waters in peace while in the valley. The 246:

in 2018, Hot Springs was the smallest national park by area in the United States. Since Hot Springs National Park is the oldest park maintained by the National Park Service, it was the first to receive its own

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Paige, J. C., & Harrison, L. S. (1988). Out of the vapors: A social and architectural history of bathhouse row : Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park

1515:. The composition of the water indicates it is heated rainwater which has not approached a magmatic source, so no volcanic action is involved in the formation of these hot springs. The result is the mildly 787:

Despite the efforts of activists, after remaining vacant for over two years, the Hot Springs Board of Directors voted to demolish the building. The remainder of the Majestic was razed in the Fall of 2016.

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predominate on the south sides of the ridges. There are 230 acres (93 ha) of unlogged pine and oak forests on North and Hot Springs Mountains, and 90 acres (36 ha) on Sugarloaf Mountain. These

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The Polk Creek Shale and Missouri Mountain Shale overlie the Bigfork Chert and generally consist of shale with minor thin layers of quartzitic sandstone. The Polk Creek Shale is a black, fissile,

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was completed around 1890. In 1950, central cooling towers limited the maximum temperature of the springs to a safe level, so individual bathhouses no longer needed their own cooling systems.

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On August 24, 1818, the Quapaw Indians ceded the land around the hot springs to the United States in a treaty after having been forced to a reservation south of the site. They were removed to

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caused the shale and sandstone layers to fracture and fissure, creating mountains of the folded rocks. The thermal springs emerge from the plunging crest line of a large overturned

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In November 1864 during the American Civil War, a large part of "the valley" (the central portion of the city along Hot Springs Creek) was burned - presumably by Union troops.

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It was believed the waters benefited diseases of the skin and blood, nervous affections, rheumatism and kindred diseases, and the "various diseases of women". In the case of

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can be rented as reception hall. The Arlington Hotel, Austin Hotel and Convention Center, and The Springs Hotel & Spa also offer hot spring baths using the Park water.

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After declining enrollment at the Arkansas Career Development Center, the building was vacated in 2019. It is unclear as to who currently is the owner of the property.

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Era, what became the Ouachita Mountains was the bottom of a shallow sea, where several sedimentary layers were created. About 500 million years ago a collision of the

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at Hot Springs National Park Visitor Center at 627 ft (191 m) elevation is 7b with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of 9.5 °F (-12.5 °C).

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For many years, this area was visited by chiefs and tribes of numerous indigenous peoples. They called it the "Valley of the Vapors" at the time of Spanish explorer

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from the Organization of the Government in 1789, to March 3, 1845, Treaties, and Proclamations of the United States of America from December 1863, to December 1865

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in the Zigzag Mountains of the Ouachita anticlinorium. The overturned anticline plunges toward the southwest into the Mazarn Basin. There are two recognized major

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Aerial view of Hot Springs National Park showing the historic Bathhouse Row. Fourth from the left is the Fordyce Bathhouse which serves as the park visitor center.

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Hot Springs National Park, Bathhouse Row, Mechanical & Piping Systems, State Highway 7, 1 mile north of U.S. Highway 70, Hot Springs, Garland County, AR

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Central Avenue, on left, circa 1900, taken from the tower of the Eastman Hotel. Many commercial buildings are on the west side, across from Bathhouse Row.

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Characteristics of Thermal Springs and the Shallow Ground-Water System at Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5001

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were offered, and in the 1890s German needle baths and Scotch douches (concentrated stream of hot or cold water, often used on the back) were added.

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The surviving portion of the Majestic was condemned and remaining property was auctioned off in October of 2014. As a result of the fire,

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age) exposed in two small areas about 6 and 11 miles (9.7 and 17.7 km) southeast of the thermal springs (Potash Sulphur Spring and

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and lung diseases, and acute and inflammatory diseases, the use of the waters was considered injurious and in many cases very dangerous.

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District; it contains the grandest collection of bathhouses of its kind in North America, including many outstanding examples of

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The documentary takes place just after the 2014 fire and follows two activists as they try to save the hotel from condemnation.

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The Womble Shale is the oldest geologic unit that underlies all other exposed units. It is black, hard, and argillaceous shale.

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The sedimentary rocks in the vicinity of the thermal springs consist of shale, chert, novaculite, sandstone, and conglomerate.

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The site of the former Majestic Hotel was sold to a property developer, but as of 2022 the company backed out of the project.

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before using the waters, although it had been observed that the amount of drugs given was "enough to sicken a well man."

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would precipitate ocherous crusts and stains. Arsenic Spring, on the other hand, contains no detectable traces of

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The park operates a public campground at Gulpha Gorge, about 2 mi (3.2 km) from downtown Hot Springs.

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The area is primarily forest. The northern slopes of the ridges and basins provide a suitable habitat for

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state and federal government are letting the property remain in limbo due to the cost of operating it.

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Hot Springs Creek in a lithograph published in 1844. Tufa formations line the right side of the creek.

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Out of the Vapors: A Social and Architectural History of Bathhouse Row, Hot Springs National Park

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strike during the storm caused a fire that destroyed several commercial businesses in downtown

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Drinking water is dispensed from several hot water jug fountains. The hot water is naturally

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Incorporated January 10, 1851, the city was known in the early 20th century as the home to

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president Michael Schwarz began production on a documentary regarding the Majestic titled

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ceded the land back to Spain; however, in 1800 control was returned to France until the

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Congress established a free bathhouse for the indigent here on December 16, 1878. The

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and Whittington Lake Park. It later was expanded to 5,000 acres (2,000 ha).

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The hot springs flow from the western slope of Hot Springs Mountain, part of the

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Climate data for Hot Springs National Park Visitor Center. Elev: 712 ft (217 m)

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The former Army and Navy Hospital (now the Arkansas Career Development Center)

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Circular of General Information Regarding Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas

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The Sierra Club guides to the national parks of the East and Middle West.

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National Baptist Hotel and Sanitorium (bathhouse for 'colored peoples')

307: 2337: 1385:; many of the trees over 130 years old, and a few over 200 years old. 2602: 1700: 1684: 1428: 1416: 1403:

left the region after European settlement. Present day fauna include

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shale. The Missouri Mountain Shale varies in color, and is soft and

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units which generally impede ground-water movement, while fractured

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The exposed rock types in the vicinity of the thermal springs are

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one to three months, but many invalids stayed a year and longer.

209:. Hot Springs Reservation was initially created by an act of the 1656: 1587: 1579: 1460: 1365: 1334: 807:

During the 1880s a few of the open springs gradually dried up.

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April 20, 1832 (designated as a national park on March 4, 1921)

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of Yale examined these waters. There is a measurable level of

1519:, pleasant tasting solution with dissolved calcium carbonate. 1452: 1357: 1326: 685: 510: 449:

time created opportunities for other businesses in the town.

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The Public Statutes At Large of the United States of America

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as the "Army and Navy General Hospital Historic District".

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spring training, illegal gambling, speakeasies during the

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preserve the hydrological system that feeds the springs.

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In 1905 curative characteristics were being ascribed to

2255:"Army Navy Hospital | 40+ Photos | Abandoned Arkansas" 2338:"AAF Board of Directors | Abandoned Atlas Foundation" 2672:

Buckstaff Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems

2556:. Reston, Virginia: United States Geological Survey. 33:

Hot spring pool steaming at the entrance of the park

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President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home

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Superior Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems

182: 174: 166: 158: 121: 111: 100: 21: 2651:Fordyce Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems 2644:Maurice Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems 2279:"Army and Navy General Hospital Historic District" 2658:Quapaw Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems 407:mountains. The park is open throughout the year. 341:explored the area and claimed it for France. The 80: 52: 4238:Historic American Engineering Record in Arkansas 2679:Lamar Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems 2665:Ozark Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems 2565: 2563: 1981:Paige, John C; Laura Woulliere Harrison (1987). 2637:Hale Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems 1878:. Land Resource Division, National Park Service 1513:the natural heating of rocks as depth increases 1496:units generally support ground-water movement. 2469:"PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University" 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 3529: 2707: 2542: 2540: 2538: 1659:" seen near the openings of the hot springs. 8: 2519:"Old Growth in the East: A Survey. Arkansas" 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 4263:Protected areas of Garland County, Arkansas 3500:List of national parks of the United States 2688:", 4 photos, 1 photo caption page 2314:"Majestic Hotel - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" 1999: 1997: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1341:) potential vegetation type and a Southern 720:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3881: 3561: 3536: 3522: 3514: 2714: 2700: 2692: 2607: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 846: 18: 2364:"The Majestic Hotel | Abandoned Arkansas" 740:Learn how and when to remove this message 1873:"Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011" 1720: 1503:Conceptual diagram of thermal water flow 1471:spend part of the year in the vicinity. 827:system, Hot Springs National Park has a 16:National park in Arkansas, United States 2449:United States Department of Agriculture 1864: 837:United States Department of Agriculture 586: 515: 2445:"USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map" 2286:Arkansas Historic Preservation Program 1467:. Some migratory birds following the 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2248: 2246: 2119:"Fire in Folded Rocks / In Hot Water" 1926:"The National Parks: Index 2009–2011" 1902:"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report" 1889:National Park Service Acreage Reports 1578:The Stanley Shale is predominantly a 306:settled in the area, followed by the 7: 2619:Historic American Engineering Record 2230:"Arkansas Career Development Center" 2206:"Arkansas Career Training Institute" 1920: 1918: 718:adding citations to reliable sources 676:National Register of Historic Places 322:delta area and visited the springs. 99: 4258:Protected areas established in 1921 2723:National parks of the United States 2517:Mary Byrd Davis (23 January 2008). 1551:, respectively), and in many small 1539:age, with the exception of younger 2312:Hendricks, Nancy (June 16, 2023). 2232:. Arkansas Rehabilitation Services 2097:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2005:Hot Springs AR History & Facts 1990:. U.S. Department of the Interior. 461:Big Iron bathhouse (Harper's 1878) 199:national park of the United States 14: 666:As the building was built by the 4201: 3487: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3327: 3320: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3278: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3103: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3061: 3054: 690: 655:Subsequent usage and abandonment 625: 613: 601: 589: 554: 542: 530: 518: 79: 72: 51: 44: 27: 4228:1921 establishments in Arkansas 3825:National Wild and Scenic Rivers 3597:Little Rock Central High School 2362:Schwarz, Michael (2021-10-07). 2186:"The Hot Springs of Arkansas". 576:were offered for whites at the 165: 110: 2093:National Park Service (1929). 253:America the Beautiful Quarters 1: 4099:Plantation Agriculture Museum 2427:Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2194:(332): 193–210. January 1878. 2188:Harper's New Monthly Magazine 2023:Peters, Richard, ed. (1866). 1570:Remaining natural hot springs 1349:) potential vegetation form. 825:Köppen climate classification 251:in April 2010 as part of the 91:Show map of the United States 88:Location in the United States 3954:Hampson Archeological Museum 2764:Black Canyon of the Gunnison 1323:Potential natural vegetation 1305:Source: PRISM Climate Group 620:Hale and Superior Bathhouses 178:2,646,133 (in 2022) 4167:Poison Springs State Forest 4109:Poison Springs Battleground 4074:Museum of Natural Resources 3979:Jenkins' Ferry Battleground 2253:Cowan, Emily (2022-02-24). 1695:primarily due to dissolved 1039:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 899:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 371:22nd United States Congress 4281: 4248:National parks in Arkansas 2547:Yeatts, Daniel S. (2006). 1325:Types, Hot Springs has an 1304: 849: 778:Abandoned Atlas Foundation 433: 394:Hot Springs National Park 273:National Historic Landmark 244:Gateway Arch National Park 205:, adjacent to the city of 162:5,550 acres (22.5 km) 4197: 4177:Wildlife Management Areas 4119:Prairie Grove Battlefield 4044:Marks' Mills Battleground 3689:National Wildlife Refuges 3497: 3050: 2729: 2473:www.prism.oregonstate.edu 2423:Bake, William A. (1996). 1230: 1182: 1108: 1038: 968: 898: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 829:Humid subtropical climate 386:Hot Springs area park map 195:Hot Springs National Park 187:Hot Springs National Park 38: 26: 22:Hot Springs National Park 4129:South Arkansas Arboretum 4034:Lower White River Museum 2318:Encyclopedia of Arkansas 2210:Encyclopedia of Arkansas 2145:Shugart, Sharon (2004). 1848:Niagara Falls State Park 1663:Composition of the water 513:style or pool services. 286:Discovery and protection 271:area is designated as a 234:, and gangsters such as 203:Garland County, Arkansas 105:Garland County, Arkansas 4243:Hot springs of Arkansas 3899:Bull Shoals-White River 3584:National Historic Sites 2684:HAER No. AR-4-I, " 2677:HAER No. AR-4-H, " 2670:HAER No. AR-4-G, " 2663:HAER No. AR-4-F, " 2656:HAER No. AR-4-E, " 2649:HAER No. AR-4-D, " 2642:HAER No. AR-4-C, " 2635:HAER No. AR-4-B, " 2628:HAER No. AR-4-A, " 2621:(HAER) No. AR-4, " 1928:. National Park Service 1904:. 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According to the 714:improve this section 674:It is listed on the 343:Treaty of Paris 1763 63:Show map of Arkansas 60:Location in Arkansas 4233:Geology of Arkansas 4208:Arkansas portal 3964:Historic Washington 3765:Black Fork Mountain 2874:Guadalupe Mountains 2829:Gates of the Arctic 1625:During most of the 969:Daily mean °F (°C) 549:Buckstaff Bathhouse 422:City of Hot Springs 148:34.51361; -93.05361 139: / 4253:Ouachita Mountains 4029:Louisiana Purchase 3919:Crater of Diamonds 3029:Wrangell–St. Elias 3004:Theodore Roosevelt 2342:abandonedatlas.com 2117:Hanor, Jeffrey S. 2010:2008-01-23 at the 1727:Parts per million 1719: 1673: 1572: 1505: 1469:Mississippi Flyway 1445:long-tailed weasel 1371:old-growth forests 768:The Majestic Hotel 648: 463: 432: 400: 388: 347:Louisiana Purchase 331: 296: 4215: 4214: 4193: 4192: 4104:Plum Bayou Mounds 4094:Pinnacle Mountain 4079:Ozark Folk Center 4054:Mississippi River 3871: 3870: 3635:National Memorial 3625:Ozark–St. Francis 3511: 3510: 2884:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes 1839: 1838: 1529:sedimentary rocks 1405:white-tailed deer 1317:According to the 1309: 1308: 1185:relative humidity 823:According to the 782:Forever Majestic. 750: 749: 742: 608:Maurice Bathhouse 596:Fordyce Bathhouse 352:In December 1804 260:Ouachita Mountain 192: 191: 112:Nearest city 4270: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4124:Queen Wilhelmina 3882: 3752:Wilderness Areas 3612:National Forests 3562: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3515: 3491: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3464: 3457: 3450: 3443: 3436: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3352: 3345: 3338: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3107: 3100: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3065: 3058: 2969:Petrified Forest 2864:Great Sand Dunes 2784:Carlsbad Caverns 2716: 2709: 2702: 2693: 2686:Visitor's Center 2611: 2606: 2605: 2603:Official website 2588: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2575: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2544: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2524:. 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4009:Lake Frierson 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3934:Davidsonville 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3815:Upper Buffalo 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3643:Arkansas Post 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3566:National Park 3563: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3337: 3330: 3323: 3316: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2949:Mount Rainier 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2894:Indiana Dunes 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 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2243: 2231: 2225: 2222: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2155: 2148: 2141: 2138: 2127: 2120: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2062:on 2014-02-04 2061: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2026: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1985: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1824:Potassium (K) 1823: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1808:Chloride (Cl) 1807: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693:radioactivity 1690: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1669: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1643:thrust faults 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 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Kuchler 1312: 1303: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1181: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1112: 1111:precipitation 1107: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 967: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 897: 853: 848: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 818: 816: 812: 810: 805: 802: 794: 792: 789: 785: 783: 779: 774: 767: 765: 763: 757: 753: 744: 741: 733: 723: 719: 715: 709: 708: 704: 699:This section 697: 693: 688: 687: 681: 679: 677: 672: 669: 664: 661: 654: 652: 644: 637: 628: 623: 616: 611: 604: 599: 592: 587: 585: 581: 579: 573: 566: 557: 552: 545: 540: 533: 528: 521: 516: 514: 512: 506: 502: 500: 496: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 468: 459: 452: 450: 446: 442: 437: 428: 421: 419: 416: 412: 408: 404: 397: 392: 384: 378:National park 377: 375: 372: 367: 362: 359: 358:George Hunter 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 327: 323: 321: 318:lived in the 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 292: 285: 283: 281: 278: 274: 270: 269:Bathhouse Row 264: 261: 256: 255:coin series. 254: 250: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 224: 222: 217: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 188: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 161: 157: 152: 124: 120: 117: 114: 106: 103: 75: 47: 37: 30: 25: 20: 4199: 4159:State Forest 3989:Lake Charles 3959:Herman Davis 3573: 2939:Mammoth Cave 2924:Kobuk Valley 2919:Kings Canyon 2914:Kenai Fjords 2888: 2849:Grand Canyon 2834:Gateway Arch 2819:Dry Tortugas 2809:Death Valley 2779:Capitol Reef 2769:Bryce Canyon 2581:. 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Retrieved 1867: 1850:- the first 1832:Fluoride (F) 1756:Calcium (Ca) 1705: 1682: 1674: 1624: 1612:argillaceous 1573: 1526: 1510: 1506: 1478: 1389:Plains bison 1387: 1351: 1346: 1343:Mixed forest 1338: 1316: 1113:inches (mm) 839:, the Plant 832: 822: 813: 808: 806: 800: 798: 790: 786: 781: 775: 771: 758: 754: 751: 736: 730:October 2011 727: 712:Please help 700: 673: 665: 662: 658: 649: 582: 574: 570: 507: 503: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467:tuberculosis 464: 447: 443: 439: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 363: 351: 332: 297: 280:architecture 265: 257: 240:Bill Clinton 225: 194: 193: 3994:Lake Chicot 3974:Jacksonport 3949:Devil's Den 3939:DeGray Lake 3886:State Parks 3800:Leatherwood 3775:Caney Creek 3742:White River 3707:Cache River 3574:Hot Springs 3034:Yellowstone 3019:White Sands 2904:Joshua Tree 2899:Isle Royale 2889:Hot Springs 2859:Great Basin 2854:Grand Teton 2844:Glacier Bay 2799:Crater Lake 2774:Canyonlands 1816:Sodium (Na) 1776:Sulfate (SO 1744:Silica (SiO 1584:feldspathic 1549:Magnet Cove 1409:wild turkey 762:Hot Springs 207:Hot Springs 201:in central 167:Established 146: / 122:Coordinates 116:Hot Springs 4222:Categories 4089:Petit Jean 4069:Mount Nebo 3904:Cane Creek 3732:Pond Creek 3722:Logan Cave 3717:Holla Bend 3712:Felsenthal 3592:Fort Smith 2999:Shenandoah 2944:Mesa Verde 2929:Lake Clark 2824:Everglades 2583:2008-04-04 2503:2019-07-12 2454:2019-07-12 2398:2023-10-16 2373:2023-10-16 2348:2023-10-16 2323:2023-10-16 2291:2021-08-04 2264:2023-10-16 2236:2021-08-04 2215:2021-08-04 2159:2008-03-30 2131:2008-04-04 2066:2014-01-31 1932:2012-03-07 1908:2023-07-23 1882:2012-03-07 1859:References 1852:state park 1653:travertine 1597:quartzitic 1545:Cretaceous 1537:Ordovician 1523:Rock types 1490:novaculite 277:Gilded Age 249:US quarter 216:hot spring 131:34°30′49″N 3785:East Fork 3780:Dry Creek 3737:Wapanocca 3697:Bald Knob 3661:Pea Ridge 3504:elevation 3024:Wind Cave 3014:Voyageurs 2974:Pinnacles 2879:Haleakalā 1788:Oxygen (O 1724:Chemical 1657:tufa rock 1639:anticline 1633:with the 1627:Paleozoic 1608:graphitic 1494:sandstone 1383:white oak 1354:deciduous 1233:dew point 809:Corn Hole 701:does not 682:Disasters 396:woodlands 349:of 1803. 236:Al Capone 134:93°3′13″W 4114:Powhatan 4059:Moro Bay 4049:Millwood 3853:Mulberry 3838:Cossatot 3790:Flatside 3760:Big Lake 3727:Overflow 3702:Big Lake 3620:Ouachita 3549:Arkansas 3039:Yosemite 2794:Congaree 2759:Biscayne 2754:Big Bend 2749:Badlands 2478:July 12, 2413:Service. 2008:Archived 1842:See also 1618:folding. 1517:alkaline 1457:chipmunk 1425:gray fox 1413:squirrel 1401:red wolf 1373:contain 1235:°F (°C) 1231:Average 1183:Average 1178:(1,398) 1109:Average 801:Ral Hole 333:In 1673 312:Cherokee 221:spa town 175:Visitors 101:Location 3679:Buffalo 3557:Federal 2994:Sequoia 2989:Saguaro 2979:Redwood 2964:Olympic 2839:Glacier 2612:of the 1708:potable 1475:Geology 1437:raccoon 1362:hickory 1331:Hickory 1300:(10.5) 1285:(11.2) 1280:(16.8) 1275:(20.5) 1270:(21.2) 1265:(19.6) 1260:(15.3) 1240:(−0.6) 1099:(−0.2) 1089:(10.0) 1084:(16.1) 1079:(20.3) 1074:(20.9) 1069:(18.9) 1064:(14.7) 1044:(−1.2) 1034:(16.4) 1024:(10.9) 1019:(16.9) 1014:(22.9) 1009:(27.2) 1004:(27.4) 999:(25.1) 994:(20.8) 989:(16.3) 984:(11.4) 964:(22.8) 959:(11.4) 954:(17.2) 949:(23.8) 944:(29.8) 939:(34.1) 934:(33.8) 929:(31.2) 924:(26.9) 919:(23.1) 914:(18.2) 909:(13.4) 904:(10.8) 819:Climate 722:removed 707:sources 660:2019. 495:Russian 339:Jolliet 308:Choctaw 183:Website 4024:Logoly 2909:Katmai 2814:Denali 2744:Arches 2734:Acadia 2431: 1876:(XLSX) 1739:130.0 1701:radium 1685:radium 1591:sides. 1580:clayey 1492:, and 1463:, and 1441:gopher 1429:coyote 1417:rabbit 1397:cougar 1381:, and 1295:(0.9) 1290:(6.1) 1255:(9.3) 1250:(4.6) 1245:(0.9) 1173:(131) 1168:(138) 1163:(135) 1148:(112) 1143:(112) 1138:(149) 1133:(127) 1128:(132) 1123:(105) 1104:(9.9) 1094:(4.8) 1059:(9.4) 1054:(4.7) 1049:(0.6) 1029:(5.6) 979:(7.0) 974:(4.8) 855:Month 493:1880s 316:Quapaw 3969:Hobbs 3929:Daisy 3877:State 2574:(PDF) 2554:(PDF) 2529:(PDF) 2522:(PDF) 2282:(PDF) 2150:(PDF) 2122:(PDF) 2042:(PDF) 2028:(PDF) 1988:(PDF) 1835:0.26 1759:47.0 1751:53.0 1697:radon 1588:silty 1557:sills 1553:dikes 1486:chert 1482:shale 1433:skunk 1366:Pines 1321:U.S. 1226:68.2 1223:71.9 1220:71.8 1217:69.0 1214:68.5 1211:67.0 1208:68.9 1205:71.6 1202:70.8 1199:63.2 1196:62.6 1193:65.4 1190:68.1 1176:55.03 1158:(96) 1153:(71) 1118:(90) 894:Year 304:Caddo 197:is a 4185:List 3502:(by 3044:Zion 2480:2019 2429:ISBN 1827:1.4 1819:4.0 1811:2.2 1803:4.9 1795:4.5 1783:7.8 1771:9.7 1687:and 1655:or " 1648:dips 1555:and 1461:frog 1449:mink 1399:and 1360:and 1335:Pine 1298:50.9 1293:33.7 1288:42.9 1283:52.1 1278:62.3 1273:68.9 1268:70.1 1263:67.2 1258:59.6 1253:48.7 1248:40.2 1243:33.7 1238:31.0 1187:(%) 1171:5.14 1166:5.45 1161:5.31 1156:3.78 1151:2.81 1146:4.40 1141:4.40 1136:5.86 1131:5.01 1126:5.18 1121:4.13 1116:3.56 1102:49.9 1097:31.7 1092:40.6 1087:50.0 1082:60.9 1077:68.5 1072:69.7 1067:66.0 1062:58.4 1057:48.9 1052:40.5 1047:33.0 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