701:. According to musicologist Timothy Cooley, "Like instrumental surf rock with its fondness for the twelve-bar blues form, the vocal version of Surf Music drew many key elements from African-American genres ... what made the Beach Boys unique was its ability to capture the nation's and indeed the world's imagination about the emerging New Surfing lifestyle now centered in Southern California, as well as the subtle songwriting style and production techniques that identify the Beach Boys' sound." In 1963,
705:, Brian's father, who also acted as the Beach Boys' manager, offered his definition of surf music: "The basis of surfing music is a rock and roll bass beat figuration, coupled with raunch-type weird-sounding lead guitar, an electric guitar, plus wailing saxes. Surfing music has to sound untrained with a certain rough flavor in order to appeal to teenagers. ... when the music gets too good, and too polished, it isn't considered the real thing."
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613:, were not exclusively surf musicians, but made a significant contribution to the genre, the most famous example being their hit "Bombora", in 1963. Also from Sydney were the Denvermen, whose lyrical instrumental "Surfside" reached number one in the Australian charts. Another Australian surf band who were known outside their own country's surf scene were
878:: "We needed to grow. Up to this point we had milked every idea dry ... We had done every possible angle about surfing and then we did the car routine. But we needed to grow artistically." After the decline of surf music, the Beach Boys continued producing a number of hit singles and albums, including the sharply divergent
534:, most early surf bands were formed in Southern California, with Orange County in particular having a strong surf culture, and the Rendezvous Ballroom hosted many surf-styled acts. Groups such as the Bel-Airs (whose hit "Mr. Moto", influenced by Dale's earlier live performances, was released slightly before "Let's Go Trippin
527:
first single, "Mr. Moto", in June 1961 (with
Richard Delvy on drums instead of Dodd) and the song received radio airplay that summer. Dale was older, played louder, commanded a larger audience, and usually gets credit for creating surf music, but the Bel-Airs lay claim to having the first surf music single.
678:, he notes: "Surf music is divided into two categories: the pulsating, reverb-heavy, 'wet'- sounding instrumental form exemplified by guitarist Dick Dale, and the smooth-voiced, multitracked harmonized vocal style invented by the Beach Boys. Purists argue that surf music is by definition instrumental."
526:
on guitars. Said
Johnson of his relationship with Bertrand, "Learning the guitar became a duo experience versus a solo thing. We learned to play by playing together, one guy would play the chords, the other would play the lead. This sound would become the basis for the Bel-Airs." They recorded their
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label was a prolific surf music producer, whose status as a producer was still recognized many years later. His name as publisher, producer etc., appears on many records, both 45s and albums. If not for the poor crediting on the budget releases his name would have appeared on more. Gary Usher was a
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chart in July 1963. In the wake of the Beach Boys' success, many singles by new surfing and hot rod groups were produced by Los
Angeles groups. Himes notes: "Most of these weren't real groups; they were just a singer or two backed by the same floating pool of session musicians: often including Glen
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is most often associated with the unique 'California sound' music of the early to mid-1960s ... and was defined by its rich vocal harmonies, amplified (generally Fender brand) electric guitars, and youth-oriented lyrics (most often celebrating hot rods and, more broadly, surfing and 'girls')."
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elaborated on "subtle" differences: "Translating the surf-music format into hot-rod tunes wasn't difficult... If surf music was a lot of Dick Dale and some Chuck Berry, hot-rod music was a little more Berry and a little less Dale — i.e. less percussive staccato and more chiming riffs. Instead of
570:, with its intro of a wicked laugh; the Surfaris were also known for their cutting-edge lead guitar and drum solos, and "Wipe Out" reached number two on the Hot 100 in August 1963 and number 16 in October 1966. The group also had two other global hits, "Surfer Joe" and "Point Panic".
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slang about waxes and boards, you used slang about carburetors and pistons; instead of name-dropping the top surfing beaches, you cited the nicknames for the top drag-racing strips; instead of warning about the dangers of a 'wipe out', you warned of 'Dead Man's Curve'."
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was a producer, noted for his part in shaping the sound of surf music as well as folk. He worked closely with the Beach Boys and was responsible for some of their chart success. Outside Brian Wilson's work with the Beach Boys, one of the acts he produced was
820:
Campbell, Hal Blaine and Bruce
Johnston. If a single happened to click, a group would be hastily assembled and sent out on tour. It was an odd blend of amateurism and professionalism." One-hit wonders included Bruce & Terry with "Summer Means Fun",
277:. Dale was quoted on such groups: "They were surfing sounds surfing lyrics. In other words, the music wasn't surfing music. The words made them surfing songs. ... That was the difference ... the real surfing music is instrumental."
344:
that was developed by Fender in 1961 (as opposed to reverb that was incorporated as a built-in amp feature) was the actual first "wet" surf reverb tone. This unit is the reverb effect heard on Dick Dale records, and others such as
681:
This second category of surf music was led by the Beach Boys, a group whose main distinction between previous surf musicians was that they projected a world view. In 1964, the group's leader and principal songwriter,
737:"Hot rod music" or "hot rod rock" evolved from surf music. Dick Dale recalled how surf music was re-imagined as hot rod music by a record company-inspired move to capture a larger market. According to
686:, explained: "It wasn't a conscious thing to build our music around surfing. We just want to be identified with the interests of young kids." A year later, he would express: "I hate so-called "surfin
522:. The band was composed of five teen-aged boys. In 1959 they were still learning to play their instruments: Dick Dodd on drums, Chas Stuart on saxophone, Jim Roberts on piano, and Eddie Bertrand and
792:", which is often credited with initiating the hot rod music craze, which lasted until 1965. Several key figures led the hot rod movement beside Wilson, including songwriter-producer-musician
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918:. The theme became a signature for Bond films and influenced the music of spy films of the 1960s. Surf music also influenced a number of later rock musicians, including
942:. During the mid-to late 1990s, surf rock experienced a revival with surf acts, including Dick Dale recording once more, partly due to the popularity of the movie
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From 1961 to 1965, around fifteen-hundred car songs were recorded. As in the 1950s, many groups adopted the names of car brands, but with a greater emphasis on
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741:, by Jeff Breitenstein: "While cars and, to a lesser degree, hot rods have been a relatively common and enduring theme in American popular music, the term
840:". The latter two hits both reached the top ten, but the only other act to achieve sustained success with the formula was Jan & Dean. Hot rod group
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genres also contributed to the decline of surf rock. The Beach Boys survived the invasion by diversifying their approach to music. Brian explained to
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Like all other rock subgenres of this period, the surf music craze, along with the careers of nearly all surf acts, was effectively ended by the
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788:" (1963), which reached the top 10. Breitenstein writes that hot rod rock gained national popularity beginning in 1962 with the Beach Boys' "
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690:" music. It's a name that people slap on any sound from California. Our music is rightfully 'the Beach Boy sound'—if one has to label it."
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1012:, from Orange County, California, who recorded punk cover versions of surf classics such as "Misirlou", "Mr. Moto", and "Pipeline", with
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1016:'s Greg Prato calling the band "influential" and "a step ahead of the rest of the punk/hardcore pack". The genre is related to
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The
Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll: The Definitive History of the Most Important Artists and Their Music
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780:", which hit number 14 and helped turn the surf rock craze into a national phenomenon. Next, the Beach Boys released "
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singer Billy J. Kramer, gained some attention as surf musicians with "Cruel Sea", in 1963, which was later covered by
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pickups). Surf music was one of the first genres to universally adopt the electric bass, particularly the Fender
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European bands around this time generally focused more on the style played by
British instrumental rock group
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music, almost always in straight 4/4 (common) time, with a medium to fast tempo. The sound was dominated by
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Gary Usher was a primary architect of the sound of the early-sixties West Coast; cars, girls, sun and surf!
628:. A notable example of European surf instrumental is Spanish band Los Relámpagos' rendition of "Misirlou".
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on their guitars to bend the pitch of notes downward, electronic tremolo effects and rapid (alternating)
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Music in
American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture
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Inside the Music of Brian Wilson: The Songs, Sounds, and
Influences of the Beach Boys' Founding Genius
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By the early 1960s, instrumental rock and roll had been pioneered successfully by performers such as
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The Birth of Loud: Leo Fender, Les Paul, and the Guitar-Pioneering
Rivalry That Shaped Rock 'n' Roll
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888:. The band only sparingly returned to the hot rod and surfing-themed music, beginning with 1968's "
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357:. It has more of a wet "drippy" tone than the "built-in" amp reverb, due to different circuitry.
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The growing popularity of the genre led groups from other areas to try their hand. These included
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Welch, C. (November 14, 1964). "Beach Boys Brought Their Own Vegetables – So Audiences Beware!".
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for the top American popular music trend. It is sometimes referred to interchangeably with the "
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influences, the distinctive reverb (giving the guitar a "wet" sound), and the rapid alternate
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Besssman (1993), p. 16; Marcus (1979), p. 114; Simpson (2003), p. 72; McNeil (1997), p. 206.
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beginning in early 1964. Hot rod music also ceased to be prominent that year. The emerging
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The Beach Boys: The Definitive Diary of America's Greatest Band on Stage and in the Studio
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266:, in 1961, launched the surf music craze, inspiring many others to take up the approach.
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in 1966. Subsequently, they became the only American rock or pop group that could rival
562:", reaching number four in May 1963. Probably the single-most famous surf tune hit was "
292:". During the later stages of the surf music craze, many of its groups started to write
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The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll: Completely Revised and Updated
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later that year, launched the surf music craze, which he followed up with hits like "
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1677:"They called it surf: 40 years after its peak, genre still rides wave of popularity"
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The Stratocaster chronicles: Fender : celebrating 50 years of the Fender Strat
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in 1994, which used Dale's "Misirlou" and other surf rock songs in the soundtrack.
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Beach Boys, The (September 1965). "The Things We LOVE and the Things We HATE".
1121:, such as the Duece Coupes, the Duals, the GTOs, the Dragsters, the Roadsters,
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wrote many songs for Jan and Dean and also performed a few vocals for the duo.
208:. It was especially popular from 1958 to 1964 in two major forms. The first is
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Pop Surf Culture: Music, Design, Film, and Fashion from the Bohemian Surf Boom
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Surf punk is a revival of the original surfing sound combining surf rock with
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621:; their hit "Murphy the Surfie" from 1963 was later covered by the Surfaris.
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from 1963, and was meant to emulate the sound of waves. The outboard separate
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1104:". from 1963, has been cited by John Milward as one of the earliest forms of
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Bovey, Seth (2006). "Don't Tread on Me: The Ethos of '60s Garage Punk".
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1629:"Benefit Show Lends A Hand To Surf Rock Legend Paul "Mr. Moto" Johnson"
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Five Years Ahead of My Time: Garage Rock from the 1950s to the Present
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3505:
810:" in 1963 for Jan and Dean, and it spent two weeks at the top of the
389:
213:
2546:
All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul
2768:. In DeCurtis, Anthony; Henke, James; George-Warren, Holly (eds.).
2362:
Barefoot Adventure: The 4 Star Sessions 1962-66, Editorial Reviews
2164:"Living in Darkness - Agent Orange | Songs, Reviews, Credits"
1048:
producer, arranger and writer. His work included the Surfaris and
718:
658:
312:
220:
played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by
2375:"Terry Melcher, 62, Creator of Hits in Surf-Music World, Is Dead"
2226:
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music: Grenfell, Joyce - Koller, Hans
2146:
2144:
2123:
Film and television scores, 1950-1979: a critical survey by genre
4267:
2722:
Surfing: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time
2630:
Surf & Hot Rod Music of the 60's: Collectors Quick Reference
982:' debut single in 1978). Other early surf punk artists included
4434:
3061:
2697:
This is the Sound of Irony: Music, Politics and Popular Culture
1889:"SURF COUNTY, USA : No Words Can Describe Real Surf Music"
1605:. Huntington Beach International Surfing Museum. Archived from
1031:
played a part in the genre, producing for Jan & Dean. With
697:
music, with tight harmonies on a song's chorus contrasted with
269:
The genre reached national exposure when it was represented by
3561:
2588:
Laws of Our Fathers: Popular Culture and the U.S. Constitution
1849:"Surfing Craze Ready to Splash Across Country to East's Youth"
1289:(Simon & Schuster, New York, 2nd edn. rev., 1995), p. 973.
3057:
776:, In mid-1962, the group released their major-label debut, "
1919:
1917:
1651:"The South Bay Bands that Created the 60's Surf Music Sound"
1560:"Guitarist Dick Dale Brought Arabic Folk Song to Surf Music"
3001:(2nd ed.). Ann Arbor, Michigan: Popular Culture, Ink.
1597:
1595:
1593:
424:. Some popular songs also incorporated a tenor or baritone
228:, which took elements of the original surf sound and added
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1904:
1902:
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MILESAGO: Australasian Music and Popular Culture 1964–1975
1035:, Alpert produced Jan & Dean's first Top Ten single, "
400:
pickups (which had high treble in contrast to double-coil
2880:
Shuker, Roy (2012). Horn, David; Shepherd, John (eds.).
1938:
1421:
762:
In late 1961 the Beach Boys had their first chart hit, "
2999:
Surfin' Guitars: Instrumental Surf Bands of the Sixties
2020:
2018:
1520:
1518:
1056:", which were hits for the Beach Boys. In later years,
693:
Vocal surf can be interpreted as a regional variant of
488:
uncle). His performances at the Rendezvous Ballroom in
2694:
Ferrandino, David (2015). Turner, Katherine L. (ed.).
1309:
1307:
1232:
1230:
2834:
How the Fender Bass Changed the World: By Jim Roberts
727:
that appeared on the cover to the Beach Boys' album,
2883:
Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World
2789:
Nathan, David; Lindsay, Susan Gedutis, eds. (2001).
2508:
The Illustrated Discography of Surf Music, 1961–1965
1347:. Rock and Roll: An American History. Archived from
900:
Instrumental surf rock style guitar was used in the
280:
At the height of its popularity, surf music rivaled
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492:, during the summer of 1961, and his regional hit "
468:. This trend was developed by Dick Dale, who added
440:' "Comanche" (1961). Often an electric organ or an
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4965:Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship
2858:Punk Rock, So What?: The Cultural Legacy of Punk
317:1963 performance flyer, promoting surf musicians
2980:Surf Beat: Rock 'n' Roll's Forgotten Revolution
2651:Cool Cars, High Art: The Rise of Kustum Kulture
2567:Ultimate Hot Rod Dictionary: A-Bombs to Zoomies
2350:Barefoot Adventure: The 4 Star Sessions 1962-66
2150:
1158:Forever young: the teen-aging of modern culture
1062:Barefoot Adventure: The 4 Star Sessions 1962-66
368:. Guitar models favored included those made by
2585:Browne, Ray Broadus; Browne, Glenn J. (1986).
2184:Rock N Roll Gold Rush: A Singles Un-Cyclopedia
2138:(Lonely Planet, 3rd edn., 2007). pp. 6 and 34.
1261:
1259:
1257:
506:While Dick Dale was crafting his new sound in
4446:
3073:
1789:
964:, who released their seminal surf-punk album
8:
1568:Bureau of International Information Programs
1364:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
5055:Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships
480:characteristic of the genre (influenced by
4754:
4453:
4439:
4431:
3603:
3155:
3080:
3066:
3058:
2938:. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 40–55.
2326:"Gary Usher; Co-Writer of Beach Boys Hits"
1923:
29:
2743:Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century
2518:Southern California Surf Music, 1960-1966
2481:. University of Texas Press. p. 74.
1822:
1508:R. Unterberger, S. Hicks and J. Dempsey,
970:in 1977, featuring a prominent cover of "
2407:"Surf music producer Terry Melcher dies"
1908:
1653:. Southbay. 20 July 2017. Archived from
632:, who were the British backing band for
601:, who reached number five in 1964 with "
321:Surf music emerged in the late 1950s as
239:Dick Dale developed the surf sound from
95:Late 1950s to early 1960s, United States
5133:National Scholastic Surfing Association
1765:
1741:
1460:"How to get the surf guitar drip sound"
1160:" (University of Toronto Press, 2003),
1137:
1093:
1077:with their 1962 single, "Surfer Moon".
2024:
2009:
1997:
1939:Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002
1875:
1834:
1777:
1422:Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002
1084:played on many surf music recordings.
408:. Classic surf drum kits tended to be
2249:
2061:
1753:
1713:
1701:
1524:
1313:
1298:
1248:
1236:
1221:
1144:
7:
4305:Rock music and the fall of communism
2740:Henderson, Lol; Stacey, Lee (2014).
2324:Archives, L. A. Times (1990-06-02).
2268:The Golden Age of Rock Instrumentals
1558:Holgate, Steve (14 September 2006).
558:scored a top-ten national hit with "
3043:. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
2673:Edmondson, Jacqueline, ed. (2013).
2097:. Hal Leonard Corporation. p.
769:, which peaked at number 75 on the
552:followed Dale to regional success.
259:characteristics. His regional hit "
5336:Youth culture in the United States
5113:International Professional Surfers
2813:Guitar Masters: Intimate Portraits
2612:. University of California Press.
2187:. Algora Publishing. p. 297.
1435:"Secrets of the Surf Guitar Sound"
986:, who opened his debut solo album
25:
5118:International Surfing Association
2886:. Vol. 8. New York; London:
2458:Inc, CMJ Network (October 1997).
1978:The Beach Boys Silver Anniversary
1572:United States Department of State
1108:with its series of buzzing beats.
1064:compilation album. The notes say
224:and the Del-Tones. The second is
4970:East Coast Surfing Championships
4412:
4401:
4400:
1726:"The Denvermen, Sydney, 1961–65"
589:, who reached number four with "
360:Guitarists also made use of the
4223:Progressive rock (radio format)
2656:University Press of Mississippi
1080:Los Angeles session musicians,
978:(a cover of which as served as
739:The Ultimate Hot Rod Dictionary
514:were crafting their own in the
2510:(2nd ed.). Pierian Press.
2431:Lambert, Philip (2007-03-19).
1540:" (Simon and Schuster, 2019),
1052:. He also co-wrote "409" and "
992:with an instrumental cover of
1:
4935:Australian Boardriders Battle
2911:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2437:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
2212:, Jan Berry and Dean Torrence
2125:(McFarland, 2008), pp. 61-70.
1857:. Vol. 75, no. 26.
1512:(Rough Guides, 1999), p. 382.
484:, which Dale learnt from his
444:featured as backing harmony.
5128:International Surfing Museum
5020:Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic
5010:O'Neill World Cup of Surfing
2982:. New York: Backbeat Books.
2570:. MotorBooks International.
1847:Zhefo, Lee (June 29, 1963).
1499:(Hal Leonard, 2004), p. 117.
784:" (1963), a Top 3 hit, and "
204:, particularly as found in
5138:New York Surf Film Festival
5005:O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro
4990:Lion Foundation Surf League
4253:List of years in rock music
3037:Valdez, Stephen K. (2006).
2908:The Encyclopedia of Surfing
2606:Cooley, Timothy J. (2014).
2475:Smucker, Tom (2018-10-02).
2151:Henderson & Stacey 2014
2134:M. Vorhees and J. Spelman,
1681:The San Diego Union-Tribune
1631:. OCWeekly. 6 December 2018
1189:Popular Music & Society
1004:from Canada, who released "
676:The Encyclopedia of Surfing
336:that was incorporated into
296:; this was later known as "
273:such as the Beach Boys and
5357:
4950:Billabong Pipeline Masters
4940:Australian Open of Surfing
4358:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
2997:Dalley, Robert J. (1996).
2774:. New York: Random House.
2725:. MBI Publishing Company.
2373:Leeds, Jeff (2004-11-22).
1510:Music USA: the rough guide
1486:(JHU Press, 2004), p. 129.
712:
652:
617:, backing band for singer
294:songs about cars and girls
5321:20th-century music genres
5143:Santa Cruz Surfing Museum
5123:International Surfing Day
5030:Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast
5000:Noosa Festival of Surfing
4995:MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal
4468:
4396:
4280:Electronics in rock music
3946:Hard rock and heavy metal
3440:Pub rock (United Kingdom)
3019:Warman's American Records
2627:Cozzen, R. Duane (2015).
2478:Why the Beach Boys Matter
1790:Nathan & Lindsay 2001
1201:10.1080/03007760600787515
1195:(4). Routledge: 451–459.
154:
138:
5326:American styles of music
5188:Welsh Surfing Federation
5178:The Moonshine Conspiracy
5035:Red Bull Big Wave Africa
4258:Origins of rock and roll
2541:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
1732:, retrieved 18 May 2010.
1365:Browne & Browne 1986
830:Ronny & the Daytonas
5183:Uruguayan Surfing Union
5080:Triple Crown of Surfing
4198:Adult album alternative
3040:A History of Rock Music
3022:. Krause Publications.
2810:Perna, Alan di (2012).
904:of the first Bond film
550:Eddie & the Showmen
5153:Surfers Against Sewage
5050:Shark Island Challenge
4955:Billabong Pro Teahupoo
4544:Standup paddleboarding
4290:Rock Against Communism
3689:Brazilian thrash metal
3016:Miller, Chuck (2011).
2978:Crowley, Kent (2011).
2963:. Santa Monica Press.
2905:Warshaw, Matt (2005).
2521:. Arcadia Publishing.
2223:Larkin, Colin (2006).
2089:Badman, Keith (2004).
2038:"The Fantastic Baggys"
1251:, pp. 7, 49, 119.
1125:, and the Roadrunners.
806:Wilson then co-wrote "
734:
671:
587:Minneapolis, Minnesota
318:
255:, and rapid alternate
158:List of surf musicians
5316:1960s fads and trends
5148:SurfAid International
5025:Quiksilver Pro France
4312:Rockism and poptimism
3772:British rock and roll
2831:Roberts, Jim (2001).
2648:DeWitt, John (2001).
2461:CMJ New Music Monthly
2229:. MUZE. p. 287.
1603:"Rendezvous Ballroom"
1424:, pp. 1313–1314.
910:in 1962, recorded by
896:Influence and revival
722:
713:Further information:
662:
353:and "Point Panic" by
316:
5173:Surfing South Africa
5163:Surfrider Foundation
4147:Sahara desert region
3435:Pub rock (Australia)
2934:Bovey, Seth (2019).
2890:. pp. 279–280.
2719:Marcus, Ben (2013).
2704:. pp. 145–158.
2564:Breitenstein, Jeff.
2515:Blair, John (2015).
2506:Blair, John (1985).
2181:Dean, Maury (2003).
2136:Lonely Planet Boston
842:the Fantastic Baggys
232:, a movement led by
5341:Music of California
5274:Surfer's myelopathy
5090:World Surfing Games
4985:Ku Ikaika Challenge
4338:List of rock genres
4300:Rock Against Sexism
4295:Rock Against Racism
4203:Album-oriented rock
2609:Surfing About Music
2539:; Woodstra, Chris;
2464:. CMJ Network, Inc.
2310:Bomp 14 (Fall 1975)
2292:CD Review Volume 12
2271:. Billboard Books.
1980:(Doubleday, 1985),
1744:, pp. 776–777.
1683:. 26 September 2004
1657:on 28 November 2022
1564:The Washington File
1484:The Electric Guitar
832:with "G.T.O.", and
599:South Bend, Indiana
212:, distinguished by
206:Southern California
5085:US Open of Surfing
4681:Ocean surface wave
2953:Chidester, Brian;
2837:. Backbeat Books.
2702:Ashgate Publishing
2549:. Backbeat Books.
2537:Bogdanov, Vladimir
2379:The New York Times
2307:Greg Shaw (1975).
1102:Little Deuce Coupe
1060:would release the
735:
730:Little Deuce Coupe
674:In Matt Warshaw's
672:
542:(with their album
530:Like Dale and his
520:Los Angeles County
490:Balboa, California
372:(particularly the
342:Fender Reverb Unit
319:
5331:Rock music genres
5298:
5297:
5216:Fictional surfers
5193:World Surf League
5168:Surfing Australia
5095:World Surf League
4921:
4920:
4428:
4427:
4353:Progressive music
4181:
4180:
3619:Palm Desert Scene
3595:
3594:
3269:Experimental rock
3166:Instrumental rock
3050:978-0-7575-3379-2
3029:978-1-4402-2821-6
2970:978-1-59580-035-0
2844:978-0-87930-630-4
2823:978-1-4803-2970-6
2802:978-0-634-01430-7
2795:. Berklee Press.
2753:978-1-135-92946-6
2732:978-1-61058-761-7
2686:978-0-313-39348-8
2640:978-1-329-40033-7
2619:978-0-520-95721-3
2598:978-0-87972-338-5
2591:. Popular Press.
2577:978-1-61059-235-2
2556:978-0-87930-653-3
2528:978-1-4671-3320-3
2488:978-1-4773-1872-0
2444:978-1-4411-0748-0
2330:Los Angeles Times
2278:978-0-8230-7639-0
2263:Otfinoski, Steven
2236:978-0-19-531373-4
2194:978-0-87586-207-1
1941:, pp. 71–72.
1893:Los Angeles Times
1441:. 18 January 2018
1301:, pp. 7, 49.
1082:The Wrecking Crew
1006:Surfin' on Heroin
611:Sydney, Australia
579:Boulder, Colorado
494:Let's Go Trippin'
338:Fender amplifiers
304:Instrumental surf
261:Let's Go Trippin'
243:, where he added
241:instrumental rock
210:instrumental surf
175:
174:
69:instrumental rock
58:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
5348:
4945:Beachley Classic
4898:Puerto Escondido
4755:
4534:Shoulder surfing
4455:
4448:
4441:
4432:
4416:
4404:
4403:
4273:Rhythm and blues
4248:British Invasion
3604:
3481:Alternative rock
3420:Post-progressive
3329:Psychedelic rock
3324:Progressive rock
3156:
3152:
3146:decade of origin
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3054:
3033:
3012:
2993:
2974:
2949:
2922:
2901:
2876:
2848:
2827:
2806:
2785:
2766:"The Beach Boys"
2757:
2736:
2715:
2690:
2669:
2644:
2623:
2602:
2581:
2560:
2532:
2511:
2493:
2492:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2220:
2214:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2096:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1953:"The Beach Boys"
1948:
1942:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1895:. July 27, 1990.
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1799:
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1705:
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1638:
1636:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1574:. Archived from
1555:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
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1449:
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1446:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1342:
1330:
1317:
1311:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1156:Marcel Danesi, "
1154:
1148:
1142:
1126:
1115:
1109:
1098:
1058:Sundazed Records
1002:Forgotten Rebels
967:Rocket To Russia
916:John Barry Seven
902:James Bond Theme
870:psychedelic rock
854:British Invasion
838:Hey Little Cobra
768:
689:
655:California Sound
537:
498:
330:electric guitars
290:California sound
265:
218:electric guitars
200:associated with
142:California Sound
100:Derivative forms
92:Cultural origins
30:
21:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5290:Surf lifesaving
5278:
5245:
5236:Surfwear brands
5197:
5099:
5045:Roxy Pro France
4917:
4903:Shipstern Bluff
4875:Banzai Pipeline
4863:
4746:
4742:Surfboard leash
4700:
4659:
4578:
4574:Women's surfing
4482:
4464:
4459:
4429:
4424:
4392:
4321:
4241:
4227:
4213:Mainstream rock
4177:
4156:
4130:
3979:
3735:
3667:
3600:Regional scenes
3591:
3545:
3469:
3410:Industrial rock
3368:
3264:Electronic rock
3202:
3150:
3149:(sub-subgenres
3148:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3118:Electric guitar
3091:
3086:
3051:
3036:
3030:
3015:
3009:
2996:
2990:
2977:
2971:
2955:Priore, Domenic
2952:
2946:
2933:
2930:
2928:Further reading
2925:
2919:
2904:
2898:
2888:A & C Black
2879:
2873:
2851:
2845:
2830:
2824:
2816:. Hal Leonard.
2809:
2803:
2792:Inside the Hits
2788:
2782:
2760:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2693:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2647:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2543:, eds. (2002).
2535:
2529:
2514:
2505:
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2175:
2162:
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2157:
2149:
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2088:
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2073:
2072:
2068:
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2023:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
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1961:
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1950:
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1945:
1937:
1930:
1924:Ferrandino 2015
1922:
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1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
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1870:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1825:, p. 1117.
1821:
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1494:
1490:
1482:A. J. Millard,
1481:
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1466:
1458:
1457:
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1442:
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1432:
1428:
1420:
1397:
1386:
1384:
1376:
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1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1340:
1334:Himes, Geoffrey
1332:
1331:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:P. Romanowski,
1284:
1280:
1265:
1264:
1255:
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1186:
1185:
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1151:
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1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1075:Bob & Sheri
1026:
1008:" in 1981; and
984:Johnny Thunders
954:
898:
850:
801:Roger Christian
796:and songwriter-
766:
760:
717:
711:
687:
657:
651:
646:
593:" in 1964; and
540:the Challengers
535:
496:
450:
430:the Lively Ones
396:, usually with
366:tremolo picking
311:
306:
263:
230:vocal harmonies
180:(also known as
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5354:
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5284:
5283:Related topics
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4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4676:Hawaiian scale
4673:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4410:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4383:Wagnerian rock
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4348:Outlaw country
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4285:Social effects
4282:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:Neo-rockabilly
3955:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3608:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3405:Heartland rock
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3249:Christian rock
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:Anatolian rock
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3128:Rhythm section
3125:
3120:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3034:
3028:
3013:
3007:
2994:
2988:
2975:
2969:
2950:
2944:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2902:
2896:
2877:
2871:
2849:
2843:
2828:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2786:
2780:
2758:
2752:
2737:
2731:
2716:
2710:
2691:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2645:
2639:
2624:
2618:
2603:
2597:
2582:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2533:
2527:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2467:
2450:
2443:
2423:
2398:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2316:
2299:
2284:
2277:
2254:
2252:, p. 102.
2242:
2235:
2215:
2200:
2193:
2173:
2155:
2153:, p. 619.
2140:
2127:
2114:
2107:
2081:
2066:
2054:
2029:
2014:
2002:
2000:, p. 279.
1990:
1969:
1943:
1928:
1926:, p. 149.
1913:
1911:, p. 107.
1898:
1880:
1868:
1839:
1827:
1823:Edmondson 2013
1815:
1794:
1782:
1780:, p. 193.
1770:
1768:, p. 584.
1758:
1756:, p. 126.
1746:
1734:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1668:
1642:
1620:
1589:
1550:
1536:Ian S. Port, "
1529:
1527:, p. 158.
1514:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1451:
1426:
1395:
1378:"Hot rod rock"
1369:
1367:, p. 194.
1357:
1354:on 2015-11-25.
1318:
1303:
1291:
1278:
1253:
1241:
1239:, p. 117.
1226:
1214:
1179:
1170:
1149:
1147:, p. 159.
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1110:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1043:who owned the
1025:
1022:
953:
950:
897:
894:
849:
846:
834:the Rip Chords
826:California Sun
782:Surfin' U.S.A.
778:Surfin' Safari
759:
756:
751:Geoffrey Himes
710:
707:
664:The Beach Boys
650:
647:
645:
642:
603:California Sun
575:the Astronauts
470:Middle Eastern
449:
446:
442:electric piano
406:Precision Bass
310:
307:
305:
302:
251:influences, a
245:Middle Eastern
234:the Beach Boys
173:
172:
171:
170:
168:the Beach Boys
165:
160:
152:
151:
147:
146:
145:
144:
136:
135:
131:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
87:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
59:
55:
54:
52:
51:
48:
45:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5353:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5105:Organizations
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Copa Movistar
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4859:United States
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:South African
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Surf kayaking
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4529:River surfing
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:Bellyboarding
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4451:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4389:
4388:Wall of Sound
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Rock festival
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4317:Women in rock
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Country music
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:Radio formats
4184:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3951:Extreme metal
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:South America
3670:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:North America
3605:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Southern rock
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Flamenco rock
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3181:Rock and roll
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3151:not included)
3142:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Electric bass
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2989:9781617130076
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2945:9781789140651
2941:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2918:0-15-603251-1
2914:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2897:9781441148742
2893:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2872:0-415-17029-X
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2781:9780679737285
2777:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:. Routledge.
2745:
2744:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2711:9781472442611
2707:
2703:
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2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:The Story....
2204:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2152:
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2110:
2108:9780879308186
2104:
2100:
2095:
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2085:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2027:, p. 44.
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:, p. 95.
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:0-385-19650-4
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1958:
1954:
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1843:
1840:
1837:, p. 56.
1836:
1831:
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1816:
1811:
1807:
1806:
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1792:, p. 89.
1791:
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1762:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1747:
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1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1716:, p. 75.
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1609:on 2011-07-19
1608:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1578:on 2011-10-20
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:1-5011-4176-7
1543:
1539:
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1346:
1345:teachrock.org
1339:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:, p. 49.
1315:
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1231:
1227:
1224:, p. 99.
1223:
1218:
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1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:0-8020-8620-9
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1070:Terry Melcher
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
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1023:
1021:
1019:
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985:
981:
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969:
968:
963:
959:
951:
949:
947:
946:
941:
940:Joey Santiago
937:
933:
932:Dead Kennedys
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
895:
893:
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799:
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773:
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755:
752:
747:
744:
743:hot rod music
740:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
691:
685:
679:
677:
669:
665:
661:
656:
648:
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:the Atlantics
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
551:
547:
546:
541:
533:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Orange County
504:
502:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Nokie Edwards
455:
447:
445:
443:
439:
436:" (1963) and
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
343:
339:
335:
334:spring reverb
331:
327:
326:rock and roll
324:
315:
308:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
267:
262:
258:
254:
253:spring reverb
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
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211:
207:
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199:
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169:
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103:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
64:Rock and roll
62:
61:
60:
56:
49:
46:
43:
42:
40:
36:
31:
19:
5269:Surfer's ear
5264:Surfer's eye
5259:Shark attack
5230:
5040:Rip Curl Pro
4975:Hawaiian Pro
4927:Competitions
4827:South Africa
4569:Wing foiling
4539:Skimboarding
4524:Lake surfing
4519:Kneeboarding
4514:Kiteboarding
4504:Bodyboarding
4417:
4405:
4373:Rock musical
4363:Rock concert
4208:Classic rock
3937:Yugoslavian
3782:Post-Britpop
3663:Puerto Rican
3656:Chicano rock
3536:Slacker rock
3259:Country rock
3224:Baroque rock
3197:
3039:
3018:
2998:
2979:
2959:
2935:
2907:
2882:
2857:
2853:Sabin, Roger
2833:
2812:
2791:
2770:
2742:
2721:
2696:
2679:. ABC-CLIO.
2675:
2650:
2633:. Lulu.com.
2629:
2608:
2587:
2566:
2545:
2517:
2507:
2499:Bibliography
2477:
2470:
2460:
2453:
2433:
2426:
2415:. Retrieved
2413:. 2004-11-22
2410:
2401:
2390:. Retrieved
2378:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:
2319:
2309:
2302:
2291:
2287:
2267:
2257:
2245:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2121:K. Spencer,
2117:
2092:
2084:
2076:Melody Maker
2075:
2069:
2064:, p. 9.
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2005:
1993:
1977:
1976:J. Milward,
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1909:Breitenstein
1892:
1883:
1878:, p. 8.
1871:
1852:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1766:Warshaw 2005
1761:
1749:
1742:Warshaw 2005
1737:
1729:
1721:
1709:
1704:, p. 2.
1697:
1687:26 September
1685:. Retrieved
1680:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1580:. Retrieved
1576:the original
1563:
1553:
1532:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1495:T. Wheeler,
1491:
1483:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1443:. Retrieved
1438:
1429:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1360:
1349:the original
1344:
1338:"Surf Music"
1294:
1286:
1281:
1270:
1244:
1217:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1152:
1140:
1113:
1096:
1079:
1065:
1061:
1050:the Hondells
1027:
1010:Agent Orange
994:The Chantays
987:
976:The Trashmen
972:Surfin' Bird
965:
955:
945:Pulp Fiction
943:
928:East Bay Ray
905:
899:
879:
873:
851:
822:the Rivieras
811:
805:
771:
761:
748:
742:
738:
736:
728:
709:Hot rod rock
703:Murry Wilson
699:scat singing
692:
684:Brian Wilson
680:
675:
673:
668:I Get Around
666:performing "
649:Distinctions
638:the Ventures
623:
615:the Joy Boys
595:the Rivieras
591:Surfin' Bird
583:the Trashmen
572:
568:the Surfaris
556:The Chantays
554:
543:
529:
524:Paul Johnson
512:the Bel-Airs
505:
482:Arabic music
462:the Ventures
451:
382:Stratocaster
359:
355:the Surfaris
323:instrumental
320:
298:hot rod rock
279:
275:Jan and Dean
271:vocal groups
268:
238:
225:
209:
202:surf culture
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
150:Other topics
134:Local scenes
79:surf culture
18:Hot rod rock
4888:La Libertad
4817:New Zealand
4737:Boardshorts
4664:Environment
4635:New Zealand
4564:Windsurfing
4559:Tube riding
4473:Terminology
4218:Modern rock
4193:Active rock
4173:New Zealand
4001:Bangladeshi
3996:Azerbaijani
3631:Costa Rican
3587:Viking rock
3577:Stoner rock
3496:Gothic rock
3319:Occult rock
3294:Heavy metal
3284:Garage rock
3254:Comedy rock
3244:Chamber pop
3239:Boogie rock
2762:Miller, Jim
2700:. Farnham:
2654:. Jackson:
2025:DeWitt 2001
2010:Marcus 2013
1998:Shuker 2012
1876:Cozzen 2015
1835:Cooley 2014
1805:16 Magazine
1778:Miller 1992
1613:13 February
1123:the T-Bones
1041:Tony Hilder
1029:Herb Alpert
890:Do It Again
886:the Beatles
858:garage rock
798:disc jockey
786:Surfer Girl
630:The Dakotas
626:the Shadows
548:) and then
422:Slingerland
398:single coil
362:vibrato arm
282:girl groups
190:surf guitar
121:garage punk
106:Garage rock
50:surf guitar
38:Other names
27:Music genre
5311:Surf music
5305:Categories
5241:Shaka sign
4980:J-Bay Open
4759:By country
4691:Tidal bore
4686:Surf break
4645:Portuguese
4600:Australian
4509:Flowriding
4378:Rock opera
4333:Beatlesque
4168:Australian
4087:Rock kapak
4070:Visual kei
4050:Indonesian
3893:Portuguese
3878:Macedonian
3873:Lithuanian
3752:Belarusian
3731:Venezuelan
3716:Ecuadorian
3699:Tropicália
3694:Samba rock
3526:Rock kapak
3516:Jangle pop
3511:Indie rock
3465:Yacht rock
3460:Visual kei
3450:Shock rock
3390:Dance-rock
3380:Arena rock
3364:Swamp rock
3359:Space rock
3344:Samba rock
3339:Roots rock
3314:Noise rock
3234:Blues rock
3229:Beat music
3198:Surf music
3193:Rockabilly
3171:Latin rock
3108:Distortion
3096:Components
3089:Rock music
3008:1560750421
2417:2023-06-25
2392:2023-06-25
2335:2023-06-25
2250:Blair 1985
2062:Blair 1985
1754:Blair 1985
1714:Blair 1985
1702:Blair 1985
1635:6 December
1525:Sabin 1999
1469:2021-08-23
1445:2021-08-23
1439:reverb.com
1314:Blair 2015
1299:Blair 2015
1249:Blair 2015
1237:Perna 2012
1222:Sabin 1999
1145:Sabin 1999
1133:References
1054:In My Room
1024:Production
1018:skate punk
980:The Cramps
938:guitarist
920:Keith Moon
881:Pet Sounds
868:and later
866:blues rock
794:Gary Usher
758:Popularity
653:See also:
644:Vocal surf
634:Merseybeat
518:region of
503:" (1962).
466:Duane Eddy
438:the Revels
434:Surf Rider
402:humbucking
394:Danelectro
374:Jazzmaster
226:vocal surf
198:rock music
178:Surf music
126:skate punk
84:rockabilly
33:Surf music
5075:The Eddie
5065:Surfabout
4908:Teahupoʻo
4893:Mavericks
4832:Sri Lanka
4797:Indonesia
4767:Australia
4751:Locations
4732:Foilboard
4712:Surfboard
4705:Equipment
4696:Wave pool
4655:Uruguayan
4630:Maldivian
4605:Brazilian
4595:Argentine
4116:Taiwanese
4099:Pakistani
4082:Malaysian
4010:1959–1975
4006:Cambodian
3968:Post-punk
3933:Ukrainian
3913:Slovenian
3883:Norwegian
3853:Icelandic
3848:Hungarian
3811:Nederbeat
3726:Uruguayan
3711:Colombian
3684:Brazilian
3679:Argentine
3641:Dominican
3582:Sufi rock
3572:Post-rock
3567:Math rock
3541:Trop rock
3491:Dream pop
3486:Deathrock
3455:Soft rock
3445:Punk rock
3430:Power pop
3425:Post-punk
3400:Glam rock
3395:Funk rock
3385:Cock rock
3349:Soft rock
3334:Raga rock
3309:Krautrock
3304:Jazz rock
3289:Hard rock
3279:Folk rock
3144:Genres by
3113:Rock band
2863:Routledge
2387:0362-4331
2360:Amazon -
2348:Amazon -
2294:, 1995 -
1951:J. Bush.
1863:0006-2510
1854:Billboard
1582:29 August
1464:menga.net
1209:143841415
1106:hard rock
1037:Baby Talk
1033:Lou Adler
996:' song, "
958:punk rock
952:Surf punk
914:with the
912:Vic Flick
875:Teen Beat
862:folk rock
813:Billboard
808:Surf City
772:Billboard
733:from 1963
725:1932 Ford
670:" in 1964
532:Del-Tones
516:South Bay
454:Link Wray
426:saxophone
349:" by the
222:Dick Dale
182:surf rock
163:Dick Dale
111:punk rock
44:Surf rock
5158:Surfline
5060:Stubbies
5015:Olympics
4852:Scotland
4727:Wax comb
4671:Closeout
4640:Peruvian
4615:Filipino
4590:American
4494:Big wave
4407:Category
4094:Nepalese
4065:Japanese
4021:Filipino
3991:Armenian
3963:New wave
3941:Art rock
3898:Romanian
3823:Estonian
3806:Indorock
3791:Croatian
3747:Albanian
3721:Peruvian
3626:Canadian
3614:American
3531:Shoegaze
3521:Rap rock
3415:New wave
3219:Art rock
3176:Pop rock
3133:Drum kit
3103:Backbeat
2957:(2008).
2855:(1999).
2764:(1992).
2411:ABC News
2265:(1997).
2207:K-TEL -
2168:AllMusic
2047:23 April
2042:Allmusic
1988:, p. 48.
1962:23 April
1957:Allmusic
1548:, p. 164
1387:23 April
1382:Allmusic
1272:AllMusic
1168:, p. 83.
1119:hot rods
1014:AllMusic
998:Pipeline
989:So Alone
715:Car song
619:Col Joye
564:Wipe Out
560:Pipeline
545:Surfbeat
501:Misirlou
486:Lebanese
428:, as on
351:Chantays
347:Pipeline
186:surf pop
116:pop punk
47:surf pop
5251:Hazards
5203:Culture
5070:Surfest
4913:Uluwatu
4879:Cyclops
4812:Morocco
4807:Madeira
4802:Ireland
4787:Ecuador
4610:British
4583:Surfers
4478:History
4462:Surfing
4343:Motorik
4326:Related
4238:Culture
4235:History
4161:Oceania
4152:Zambian
4142:Angolan
4126:Turkish
4111:Russian
4060:Israeli
4055:Iranian
4038:Bengali
4026:Bisrock
4016:Chinese
3923:Swedish
3918:Spanish
3908:Serbian
3903:Russian
3868:Latvian
3863:Italian
3828:Finnish
3777:Britpop
3767:British
3762:Bosnian
3757:Belgian
3706:Chilean
3651:Mexican
3646:Haitian
3557:Britpop
3186:British
2296:Page 70
1000:"; the
962:Ramones
930:of the
924:the Who
848:Decline
817:top 100
774:Hot 100
764:Surfin'
695:doo-wop
609:, from
597:, from
585:, from
577:, from
478:picking
474:Mexican
448:History
418:Gretsch
386:Mosrite
257:picking
249:Mexican
216:-heavy
192:) is a
74:doo-wop
4842:Turkey
4837:Taiwan
4777:Canada
4772:Brazil
4620:French
4554:Tow-in
4419:Portal
4135:Africa
4077:Korean
4033:Indian
3888:Polish
3838:German
3833:French
3796:Danish
3740:Europe
3506:Grunge
3047:
3026:
3005:
2986:
2967:
2942:
2915:
2894:
2869:
2841:
2820:
2799:
2778:
2750:
2729:
2708:
2683:
2662:
2637:
2616:
2595:
2574:
2553:
2525:
2485:
2441:
2385:
2275:
2233:
2191:
2105:
1984:
1861:
1661:6 July
1544:
1267:"Surf"
1207:
1164:
1045:Impact
936:Pixies
934:, and
907:Dr. No
836:with "
824:with "
414:Ludwig
410:Rogers
390:Teisco
378:Jaguar
370:Fender
286:Motown
214:reverb
5231:Music
5221:Films
4868:Sites
4792:India
4782:Chile
4625:Irish
4487:Types
3928:Swiss
3858:Irish
3843:Greek
3816:Ultra
3801:Dutch
3636:Cuban
3550:1990s
3501:Grebo
3474:1980s
3373:1970s
3207:1960s
3159:1950s
2078:: 10.
1352:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
1205:S2CID
1088:Notes
974:" by
566:" by
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