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University-Euclid urban renewal project demolished houses in
Eastern Hough without creating enough new homes to compensate. A lack of a properly enforced housing code led Hough to become extremely overcrowded, as landlords continued to create multi-family housing out of large single-family homes.
339:
Hough is one of
Cleveland's oldest neighborhoods, named after Oliver and Eliza Hough, who first settled in the area in 1799. The neighborhood was incorporated into the city of Cleveland in 1873. At the start of the twentieth century, Hough was a community for primarily affluent white residents.
414:
and slum clearance in Cedar-Central created a mass influx of Black people into Hough. This was exacerbated by other city planning projects aimed with clearing blight, including freeway construction through communities like
Central and Downtown Cleveland. From 1957 to 1962, the city's
501:
Hough has seen an increase of redevelopment, although it remains among the city's poorest neighborhoods. This includes the 2014 preservation of League Park, a $ 6.3 million effort that renovated the original diamond into an
489:
franchises through a 1969 boycott. Although the franchises bought by the HADC failed to make enough money by the mid-1970s, the effort was highly influential on inner-city McDonald's and Black ownership in said communities.
480:
Plaza, which was a mixed-use building that included housing and retail. The HADC additionally provided opportunities for a broader coalition of Black business in the community, including job training. Both the HADC and the
377:
exacerbated Hough's neighborhood deterioration, including a lack of dwelling space amidst population growth, conversion of single-family homes into multi-family homes, and a decrease in home ownership. During
583:, the structure resembles a castle. After Schweinfurth's death, the house became a funeral home from 1930 to 1970, where it was then bought out and preserved in a larger 1970s attempt to revitalize the area.
42:
1953:
493:
Stokes additionally worked with another Black nationalist group called
Cleveland Pride in 1968 to plant sod as a symbolic means of making the neighborhood more attractive and hospitable.
348:
in 1881. Other commercial institutions included the Doan's Corner
Shopping District on East 105th and Hough Bakery (later Hough Bakeries Inc.) near East 87th Street on Hough Avenue.
455:
during the previous summer. The neighborhood received national attention as a flashpoint of racial tension, when protest occurred for five days, or from July 18th to July 23rd.
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The massive population boom weighed on the school system, leading to the city to not only create two half day groups to attend schools but also to introduce
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1922:
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Residence close to the corner of
Chester and East 75th Street was the home of the prominent Cleveland architect. Originally built for a member of the
411:
398:
355:, this population dwindled, leaving an ethnic European working-class majority. Hough then lost prominent institutions within the community, including
2500:
327:
54:
468:
The Hough Area
Development Corporation (HADC) was founded by civil rights activist Reverend Deforest Brown in the wake of the 1966 uprising, using
1864:
1773:
1746:
1730:
1708:
1648:
382:, the area between Lexington and Hough Avenues between East 73rd and East 79th Streets was known as "Little Hollywood" for the large number of
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1944:
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569:
1290:
Warsinsky, Tim (2014-08-24). "League Park reopens to a historic appreciation, beautiful restoration and hopeful future".
529:
The
Charles F. Schweinfurth House looks "fortress-like," and is in close proximity to the Cleveland Clinic's main campus.
2277:
2043:
1803:
1618:
2418:
1838:
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438:. The latter was a controversial practice that led to racial violence against Black students from Hough and Glenville.
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By 1960, multiple factors ultimately coalesced into Hough becoming a poor, majority
African American community. The
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2018:
1971:
1230:
The
Business of Black Power: Community Development, Capitalism, and Corporate Responsibility in Postwar America
214:
310:
to the North. The neighborhood became a target for revitalization during the mid-20th century, after the 1966
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Prominent local families, such as the Severances and the Boltons, lived in Hough at this time, rivaling
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True Holiness Temple on Euclid Avenue, located on the border between Hough and Fairfax neighborhoods.
562:. While much of the stadium was demolished in the 1950s, the diamond is now a part of a public park.
540:
on East 84th Street and Crawford, on the southwest corner. Built in 1908, the apartments are in the
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Ballots and bullets : Black Power politics and urban guerrilla warfare in 1968 Cleveland
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1966:
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housing indicative of the affluent residents that lived in Hough at the turn of the century.
403:
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1449:"Charles F. Schweinfurth Residence - The Unostentatious Home of the Man that Molded Beauty"
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1996:
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1929:
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1096:"Cleveland's Hough riots of 1966: ghettoisation and egalitarian (re)inscription"
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Believing in Cleveland: managing decline in the "best location in the nation
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is a small residential sect between Chester and Hough Avenue and is home to
503:
387:
271:
164:
94:
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1533:
1410:
202:
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774:"Cleveland Neighborhoods and Wards: Hough Neighborhood Factsheet (2021)"
2138:
869:
Rebuilding urban neighborhoods: achievements, opportunities, and limits
550:
on East 66th Street and Lexington Avenue, the original ballpark of the
383:
344:
on Euclid Avenue. Business sprung up around this period, including the
909:
447:
described Hough as a âpowder keg,â citing racial tensions akin to the
969:
867:
506:
field and turned its ticket office into a Baseball Heritage Museum.
359:
and League Park, the latter of which being the original home of the
1359:
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University
1201:
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University
1045:
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University
1020:
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University
810:
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University
524:
397:
326:
190:
169:
19:
Neighborhood of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States
476:
administration to fund housing and jobs in Hough. This included
275:
2785:
1553:
485:
group Operation Black Unity successfully created Black-owned
831:"Map of Hough, Implemented by the City of Cleveland in 2012"
237:
Source: 2020 U.S. Census, Cleveland City Planning Commission
1545:
Audio of a 2016 panel discussion about the history of Hough
1264:"Hough riot, 50 years ago, couldn't destroy a neighborhood"
278:. Roughly two square miles, the neighborhood is bounded to
1001:
Guide to Studying Neighborhoods and Resources on Cleveland
402:
Cleveland skyline at night, observed from the roof of the
286:
between East 55th and East 105th streets. Placed between
255:
1355:"NATIONAL REGISTER BUILDINGS AND DISTRICTS IN CLEVELAND"
533:
Hough is home to some historical places, which include:
419:
as a result of the increase in African Americans led to
836:. Northern Ohio Data and Information Service (NODIS),
258:
970:"The History of Hough (1799-1979) Historical Marker"
2748:
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24:
1415:. Hamburg, MI: State History Publications. 2008.
441:In 1966, just months before the Hough Riots, the
779:. The Center for Community Solutions (Cleveland)
768:
766:
764:
16:Neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, United States
2797:
1918:University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
1565:
8:
2109:International Women's Air & Space Museum
1065:Cleveland City Planning Commission (1991).
394:Transition to an African American community
2804:
2790:
2782:
2675:
1949:
1818:
1681:
1572:
1558:
1550:
1178:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
586:
21:
1478:. City of Cleveland. 2000. Archived from
1923:Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital
998:Campbell, Thomas F.; Miggins, Edward M.
544:and are a Cleveland Designated Landmark.
760:
222:
200:
162:
148: ⢠Asian and Pacific Islander
112:
99:
63:
51:
39:
1442:
1440:
1405:
1403:
1171:
1089:
1087:
606:
566:The East 89th Street Historic District
509:Today, Hough forms part of the city's
367:, and the Indians slowly moved out to
2082:CozadâBates House Interpretive Center
1377:
1375:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1191:
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1072:(Report). Cleveland, Ohio. p. 92
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7:
2965:Populated places established in 1799
2819:
2124:Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland
2114:Italian American Museum of Cleveland
1510:. Cleveland City Planning Commission
1331:"Cleveland City Planning Commission"
993:
991:
989:
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962:
935:
933:
931:
929:
903:
901:
899:
897:
861:
859:
800:
798:
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794:
542:National Register of Historic Places
2812:Places adjacent to Hough, Cleveland
2067:Cleveland Museum of Natural History
1714:Shaker Heights City School District
513:and is represented by Councilwoman
140: ⢠Hispanic (of any race)
2097:Steamship William G. Mather Museum
2087:Dittrick Museum of Medical History
1935:St. Vincent Charity Medical Center
596:
14:
1759:Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
1262:Albrecht, Brian (July 24, 2016).
363:. University School moved out to
59:Location in the city of Cleveland
2881:
2864:
2856:
2839:
2119:Learning Center and Money Museum
1977:Cleveland Trust Company Building
1581:
1532:
866:Keating, William Dennis (1999).
248:
53:
41:
2024:Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
1709:Cleveland Metro School District
1412:Ohio historic places dictionary
1067:Civic Vision 2000 Citywide Plan
908:Souther, Jonathan Mark (2017).
2293:Talespinner Children's Theatre
2072:Children's Museum of Cleveland
1233:. Boydell & Brewer. 2012.
1094:Hanson, Paul W. (2014-03-05).
838:Levin College of Urban Affairs
1:
2882:
2840:
2767:Case Western Reserve Spartans
1865:Hopkins International Airport
1731:Lausche State Office Building
1197:"HOUGH AREA DEVELOPMENT CORP"
332:
270:situated on the East Side of
2865:
2857:
2326:Huntington Convention Center
2278:Maltz Performing Arts Center
1112:10.1080/13562576.2013.879773
434:to white neighborhoods like
156: ⢠Mixed and Other
1747:Celebrezze Federal Building
1144:Robenalt, James D. (2018).
914:. Temple University Press.
369:Cleveland Municipal Stadium
346:Warner & Swasey Company
2981:
2960:Neighborhoods in Cleveland
2756:NCAA D1 (Horizon League):
2351:Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse
2311:Agora Theatre and Ballroom
2208:Cleveland Cultural Gardens
2183:Greater Cleveland Aquarium
2158:Cleveland Botanical Garden
2129:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
2102:NASA Glenn Visitors Center
2092:Great Lakes Science Center
2077:Cleveland Hungarian Museum
2007:James A. Garfield Memorial
1769:Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse
1764:NASA Glenn Research Center
1335:planning.clevelandohio.gov
842:Cleveland State University
538:Crawford-Tilden Apartments
2817:
2134:Ukrainian Museum-Archives
1505:"Hough: 2010 Census Data"
1306:"Stephanie Howse, Ward 7"
747:
732:
717:
702:
687:
672:
657:
642:
627:
612:
605:
600:
595:
592:
236:
52:
40:
34:Neighborhood of Cleveland
31:
2316:Cleveland Masonic Temple
2263:Cleveland Public Theatre
2168:Cleveland Metroparks Zoo
2057:Cleveland History Center
1972:Cleveland Public Library
2931:41.512334°N 81.635213°W
2759:Cleveland State Vikings
2419:BroadwayâSlavic Village
2372:Feast of the Assumption
2062:Cleveland Museum of Art
2052:A Christmas Story House
1911:Health Education Campus
1860:Burke Lakefront Airport
1839:DetroitâSuperior Bridge
577:Charles F. Schweinfurth
2851:GoodrichâKirtland Park
2553:GoodrichâKirtland Park
2521:Superior Arts District
2241:Cleveland Cinematheque
1962:City Club of Cleveland
1774:Stokes U.S. Courthouse
1752:Coast Guard District 9
1310:Cleveland City Council
530:
478:Martin Luther King Jr.
459:Revitalization efforts
412:Second Great Migration
407:
336:
2936:41.512334; -81.635213
2321:Huntington Bank Field
2304:and convention venues
1150:. Chicago, Illinois.
1016:"HOUGH BAKERIES, INC"
588:Historical population
528:
464:Stokes administration
401:
330:
208:parts of 44106, 44103
182: ⢠Summer (
2506:Nine-Twelve District
2163:Cleveland Metroparks
1987:Erie Street Cemetery
1844:Hope Memorial Bridge
1541:at Wikimedia Commons
1453:Cleveland Historical
1388:Cleveland Historical
945:Cleveland Historical
375:The Great Depression
2927: /
2705:Cleveland Guardians
2697:Cleveland Cavaliers
2397:Thyagaraja Festival
2387:Saint Patrick's Day
2268:Great Lakes Theater
2258:Cleveland Playhouse
2246:Cleveland Orchestra
1041:"University School"
589:
2826:St. ClairâSuperior
2740:Cleveland Monsters
2595:St. ClairâSuperior
2526:Warehouse District
2511:North Coast Harbor
2002:Lake View Cemetery
1930:MetroHealth System
1249:10.7722/j.ctt81zb4
587:
560:Cleveland Buckeyes
531:
408:
337:
308:St. ClairâSuperior
288:Downtown Cleveland
132: ⢠Black
106: ⢠Total
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2873:University Circle
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2622:University Circle
2405:
2404:
2346:Public Auditorium
2341:Progressive Field
2283:Near West Theatre
1894:
1893:
1886:Port of Cleveland
1782:
1781:
1588:City of Cleveland
1537:Media related to
1422:978-1-878592-70-5
1382:Rotman, Michael.
1240:978-1-58046-403-1
1157:978-0-89733-704-5
752:
751:
581:Vanderbilt family
554:/Indians and the
552:Cleveland Spiders
521:Notable landmarks
483:Black nationalist
427:to the suburbs.
361:Cleveland Indians
357:University School
342:Millionaire's Row
302:to the South and
292:University Circle
241:
240:
2972:
2955:Hough, Cleveland
2942:
2941:
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2884:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2859:
2843:
2842:
2820:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2783:
2732:Cleveland Crunch
2724:Cleveland Charge
2689:Cleveland Browns
2676:
2644:BellaireâPuritas
2617:UnionâMiles Park
2501:Gateway District
2476:DetroitâShoreway
2434:BuckeyeâWoodhill
2302:Sports, concert,
2288:Playhouse Square
2236:Cleveland Ballet
2203:Rockefeller Park
2151:Parks and nature
2034:West Side Market
1967:Cleveland Arcade
1950:
1906:Cleveland Clinic
1819:
1682:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1539:Hough, Cleveland
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1296:
1295:
1292:The Plain Dealer
1287:
1281:
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1278:
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1269:The Plain Dealer
1259:
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1212:
1211:
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1100:Space and Polity
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789:
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608:
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570:colonial revival
404:Cleveland Clinic
334:
294:, Hough borders
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57:
45:
22:
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2869:
2813:
2810:
2780:
2771:
2764:NCAA D3 (UAA):
2744:
2709:
2665:
2496:East 4th Street
2486:Campus District
2459:Cuyahoga Valley
2424:Brooklyn Centre
2401:
2360:
2356:Wolstein Center
2336:Jacobs Pavilion
2303:
2297:
2229:Performing arts
2224:
2193:Lake Link Trail
2146:
2038:
1954:Historic places
1939:
1890:
1869:
1848:
1808:
1778:
1735:
1719:
1673:
1654:Cuyahoga County
1590:
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1578:
1529:
1524:
1523:
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1511:
1507:
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1498:
1488:
1486:
1485:on May 16, 2011
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1471:
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1447:Nemeth, Sarah.
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997:
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978:
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948:
947:. July 20, 2016
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776:
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771:
762:
757:
601:
523:
515:Stephanie Howse
499:
470:Cleveland: NOW!
466:
461:
444:Cleveland Press
396:
390:located there.
353:First World War
331:Euclid Avenue,
325:
320:
251:
247:
209:
181:
85:Cuyahoga County
60:
48:
36:
27:
20:
17:
12:
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323:Early history
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68:United States
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2714:Minor League
2701:
2693:
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2679:Major league
2627:Little Italy
2590:Old Brooklyn
2564:
2538:EuclidâGreen
2491:Civic Center
2444:ClarkâFulton
2392:Sweetest Day
2382:Kurentovanje
2273:Karamu House
2220:Willard Park
2140:
1997:Grays Armory
1881:Goodtime III
1697:City Council
1669:Bibliography
1614:Demographics
1512:. Retrieved
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1480:the original
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1411:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1363:. Retrieved
1361:. 2018-05-11
1358:
1349:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
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1273:. Retrieved
1267:
1257:
1229:
1205:. Retrieved
1203:. 2019-03-07
1200:
1146:
1103:
1099:
1074:. Retrieved
1060:
1049:. Retrieved
1047:. 2019-05-31
1044:
1035:
1024:. Retrieved
1022:. 2019-04-02
1019:
1010:
1000:
977:. Retrieved
974:www.hmdb.org
973:
949:. Retrieved
944:
910:
868:
846:. Retrieved
825:
814:. Retrieved
812:. 2022-03-12
809:
781:. Retrieved
556:Negro League
532:
508:
500:
497:21st century
492:
474:Carl Stokes'
467:
442:
440:
429:
425:white flight
417:Blockbusting
409:
373:
350:
338:
268:neighborhood
246:(pronounced
243:
242:
115:Demographics
2934: /
2610:Duck Island
2178:Gordon Park
1649:Skyscrapers
548:League Park
472:money from
453:Los Angeles
436:Murray Hill
406:main campus
388:speakeasies
380:Prohibition
312:Hough Riots
2949:Categories
2922:81°38â˛07âłW
2919:41°30â˛44âłN
2600:Stockyards
2449:Collinwood
2377:Dyngus Day
2365:Traditions
2331:I-X Center
1899:Healthcare
1678:Government
1644:Public art
1458:2022-08-09
1393:2022-08-04
1365:2022-08-04
1340:2022-08-04
1207:2022-07-24
1166:1019841488
1076:August 25,
1051:2022-07-13
1026:2022-08-02
979:2022-08-04
920:1273187802
816:2022-07-13
755:References
487:McDonald's
351:After the
101:Population
2831:Glenville
2721:G League:
2654:Jefferson
2639:West Park
2585:Ohio City
2575:LeeâMiles
2548:Glenville
2533:Edgewater
2464:The Flats
2215:Wade Park
2188:Lake Erie
1702:City Hall
1634:Nicknames
1431:314411000
1174:cite book
1128:144791342
1120:1356-2576
888:245986023
848:August 5,
504:AstroTurf
304:Glenville
272:Cleveland
215:Area code
203:ZIP Codes
165:Time zone
95:Cleveland
2558:Asiatown
2481:Downtown
2198:The Mall
1834:Shoreway
1607:Timeline
1489:April 4,
1275:April 4,
951:April 4,
748:Sources:
511:7th Ward
384:brothels
280:Superior
2898:Fairfax
2893:Central
2749:College
2649:Hopkins
2605:Tremont
2570:Kinsman
2543:Fairfax
2439:Central
2044:Museums
1945:Culture
1740:Federal
1619:Economy
1602:History
1514:17 July
1473:"Hough"
1315:June 3,
941:"Hough"
806:"Hough"
783:June 3,
318:History
296:Fairfax
266:) is a
65:Country
2671:Sports
2454:Cudell
1804:Police
1716:(part)
1595:Topics
1429:
1419:
1247:
1237:
1164:
1154:
1126:
1118:
918:
886:
876:
738:10,755
728:â29.9%
723:11,475
713:â17.0%
708:16,359
698:â22.2%
693:19,715
683:â44.3%
678:25,330
668:â36.4%
663:45,487
648:71,575
633:65,694
618:64,800
593:Census
432:busing
232:19,003
109:10,755
81:County
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