639:
400:
175:
430:
420:
510:
451:
114:, the modern French branch consists of the descendants of Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga y Echezuria and Francisca Rico y Rocafuerte, who like many aristocratic families of Ecuador, undertook repeated trips to France and two of their children ended up settling in Paris, acquiring large properties, where they resided while they were educated. Manuel was the son of Miguel Antonio de Luzárraga and Maria de Echezuria. His parents married in October 1795 at the Santa Maria de la Asuncion church in
410:
539:
288:
20:
342:
reales, and 1, 5, 10, 20, 100, 500, and 1,000 pesos. The bank was given permission to issue up to 500,000 Pesos, and was allowed to maintain reserves of up to 50,000 pesos in silver coinage. Later, in 1861, the
National Convention granted the bank a further right to mint 200,000 pesos worth of coinage. While it is unclear how long the bills were in circulation, there was a dispute in the 1860s about the banknotes that
658:. The vessel had an exemplary performance in the liberation campaign against the Spanish. In 1818, Manuel Antonio managed the offices with Captain Manuel Loro, of Spanish nationality, This all according to the records of the National Navy, the naval history of Ecuador began with the schooner Alcance, after the Revolution of October 9, 1820, when José María Villamil was appointed as its commander.
99:
371:, contained over 1,600 cocoa trees. For scale, the hacienda would have produced over 3,000 pounds of chocolate every year, which, adjusted for inflation, would have been worth over $ 20,000 at the time. The strip was sold to the government in order to build a road named "La Via Flores". They were compensated by the government by payment of 1,920
341:
In
November 1860, the Banco del Ecuador began operations in Guayaquil under authorization of General José Antonio Gómez Valverde. Initially, it operated with banknotes ceded by the Bank of Manuel Antonio de Luzarraga, but later it put its own banknotes into circulations with denominations of 2 and 4
692:
The then-president of
Ecuador, Vicente Rocafuerta, member of the House of Luzárraga, was the one to create the fire department of Guayaquil in 1835. It was fellow member of the house, Manuel Luzárraga, who donated a pump to the fire department of Guayaquil, and later sponsored the department in the
271:
Head of the house, Manuel
Antonio Luzárraga, first arrived in Ecuador from Europe in 1814 as part of an assistance job to a schooner captain. Soon after arrival, the Luzárraga family began business dealings with locals in the country. The first bank founded in Ecuador was the "Banco Particular",
446:
At the present time, the title no longer corresponds to the old family of Luzárraga, due to marriages and deaths in the various branches of the family. Since the death of Manuel
Antonio Count of Luzárraga in Paris, who had no living heirs, the title passed down to the descendants of his relative
43:
regions of Spain, first appears in the history of
Spanish nobility when they obtained the Sello Mayor de Hidalguía in the lordships of Vizcaya and Bilbao on November 23, 1650, as a reward for their military services to Spain, although the promotion of the family would only come in 1839, by the
337:
The
Ecuadorian independence hero Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga obtained authorization from the government to establish a bank in Guayaquil. A bank was created under the name of Banco de Circulación y Descuento de Manuel Antonio de Luzarraga (later to be renamed Banco de Provisora).
1113:
Defensa documentada de la política del señor D. Vicente
Rocafuerte durante un juicio relativo á las atroces calumnias que publicó contra su memoria el presbítero don Tomas H. Noboa en el "Heraldo" del 4 de abril de 1856, y fallo definitivo del poder judicial respecto de su
551:
The House of Luzárraga developed in the field of commerce, banking and industry in
Guayaquil. In 1828, Manuel built from his own money the first school for girls in Ecuador that years later, in the time of Gabriel Garcia Moreno, was given to the French mothers of the
295:
Before the family began operating their own financial establishments, Manuel had already been long involved with the production of currency, as well as debt collection, in the country. In July 1822, Luzárraga's representatives requested that a debt by
568:
to the city of
Guayaquil that was purchased in England. It was chosen to be located in the location that occupied the old Jesuit clock, on the Casa del Cabildo. This is the same clock that today stands at the top of the Torre Morisca.
90:. Iturriza mentions a friar, who among others in a shift of movement among churches, came to a parish in a place in the Basque region that he calls Luzarraga, although it lacks the accent possessed by the noble family.
35:
whose origins date back to Basque-Navarrian nobility, and source its name to the progenitor of its most famous member, Admiral Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga y Echezuria, who would later become the governor of Guayaquil.
606:, a board to oversee the transition of slaves to free men, as well as create law to protect the free status of former slaves in the country. He turned down the offer of position for "well-founded reasons".
693:
1860s, being the first non-governmental benefactor of the service. A donation was made by the family following a fire that destroyed the "Senioritas Camanas" house in the form of 2 steam pump engines.
279:, French captain Gabriel-Pierre Lafond recalls Manuel Luzárraga being among the men he encountered when he landed in Guayaquil in 1828. He referred to him as one of the authority figures in the city.
272:
founded by Manuel Antonio de Luzarraga, established in Guayaquil around 1862. It was given the authority to issue banknotes with backing in precious metals, as well as loan credit to governments.
152:
The couple settled in France and had five children, Manuel Antonio, the future heir of the House of Luzárraga, María Cándida, Eustaquio Luzarraga, María Dolores Adela, and Gabriela Del Pilar.
665:. During the war, Luzárraga, being captain of the port of Guayaquil, was tasked by Colonel Illingworth with protecting the port to prevent people from leaving the city by locking down the
320:. The group burned 1,903 banknotes, equating to thousands of pesos. In 1842, he was also responsible in settling on the formatting, numbering, and labelling for banknotes in production.
236:
Born in France, Ana Maria was the daughter of Manuel de Thomassa and Adela de Luzárraga y Rico, and mother of Viscount Christian Cossart of Espies, who died on November 16, 1917, in
126:
In Paris, Francisco Gabriel de Luzárraga y Rico met María Antonia Barrón y Añorga, daughter of Eustaquio Barrón Cantillón and Cándida Añorga Ferreira. Antonia came from a family of
316:." On August 8, 1842, Manuel was one of the men, along with other governmental officials, who were responsible for the removal and burning of currency that were the subject of
553:
198:
by her marriage in Paris to Count Gérard François Joseph de Ligniville, son of the Count Antoine Louis of Ligniville and Countess Blanche Armande of Poulletier and Auffay.
1443:
669:
surrounding the port. Although he initially had government control over the port, later on, he paid 900 pesos every month for permission to use it to move his freight.
164:
149:, one of Eustaquio Barrón's businesses in Peru. With this background, it is possible that Francisco and Antonia met through the commercial activities of his parents.
676:
in Guayaquil, shortly after their expansion to the city. In 1841, he facilitated freight and passenger ships embarkments to various other South American countries.
1191:
1128:
1302:
497:, this building was a site that held the interview between the generals Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín that occurred on July 26, 1822 (also known as the
353:
On banknotes printed in London in 1863 by the Bank of Luzarraga, portraits of Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga and his wife Francisca Rico Rocafuerte are present.
75:
While it is not known who the original household that adopted the house's surname was, a possible etymological origin can be found referenced in Basque author
661:
According to Italian historican and geographer, Francesco Marmocchi, Manuel, along with Loro, were in part responsible for creating the movement to begin the
155:
Luzárraga was known for his short temper, with it being recorded that he had slapped an officer in the face after he had disrespected his commanding officer.
685:
701:
It has been recorded that member of the Luzárraga family, Luis Luzárraga, was responsible for the restoration and reconstruction of roadpasses between
249:
501:), when the house was a family home, owned by the Manuel Antonio. For that reason, two plaques are embedded in its facade that commemorate the site.
334:, in a letter dated November 6th, 1840, stated that he believed Manuel Antonio de Luzarraga to be "the richest man in Ecuador, and perhaps, in ...."
214:
in 1873. After she married, she returned with her husband Juan Luis Thomassa to France and like her brother Francisco Gabriel, Adela entered the
399:
81:
1685:
1650:
Nacionalismo y II República en el País Vasco: Estatutos de autonomía, partidos y elecciones. Historia de Acción Nacionalista Vasca, 1930-1936
1610:
343:
107:
40:
626:. The novel, along with a memoir, was written by Hassaurek following his time spent as a minister to Ecuador in the 1860s, appointed by
45:
1658:
1033:
876:
55:
The House of Luzarraga was created by royal decree of Isabel II on January 20, 1873, and put into effect on June 30, 1876, with the
360:
worked at the Bank of Luzarraga in the accounting and administration departments. He would later become the President of Ecuador.
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1707:
1627:
673:
526:
244:
709:, having designed the restoration work, as well as direct the construction done to restore the pathways between the two cities.
1712:
1602:
174:
63:, who was president of Ecuador between 1835 and 1839. The Luzárraga family also briefly became rulers in Ecuador following the
1648:
1459:
866:
662:
429:
163:
Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga y Barrón, in 1892, would become the head of the House of Luzárraga and a founding member of the
76:
59:
Francisco Gabriel de Luzárraga y Rico, son of General Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga and Francisca Rico y Rocafuerte, niece of
419:
732:
535:
English (translation): "This altar was and its new presbytery erected at the expense of Don Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga."
1175:
820:
326:
At the beginning of 1859, the House of Luzárraga had already amassed large fortunes, thanks in part due to the lucrative
596:
297:
1347:
1261:
450:
1517:
1437:
1416:
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1053:
323:
Upon the death of his relative in 1847, Luzarraga was designated as the executor of President Rocafuerte's will.
521:
to visit his parents, taking with him large amounts of cocoa as a reconciliation gift. He extended his visit to
473:
Tobías de Luzárraga y Coronel (abdicated for his son, Laurentio Luzárraga y Valencia to marry Josefina Valencia)
409:
1717:
1019:
720:
ruling on electoral law, Plácido Luzarraga, a government inspector and colleague of fellow involved politician
592:
565:
532:
Spanish: "Fue dorado este Altar y erigido su nuevo presbiterio a expensas de Don Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga."
211:
1491:
275:
The importance and status of the Luzárraga family in Ecuador are verified by outside sources. In his writing,
1236:
363:
In an 1891 deed of transaction of the sons of Manuel Luzárraga, it is mentioned that a single strip of their
1373:
1213:
759:
721:
750:
was a notable Basque writer in the early 20th century who also served as the last Spanish mayor of Manila.
1164:(in Spanish). Ecuador: Ecuador. Ministerio de lo Interior y Relaciones Exteriores. 1877. pp. 106–110.
717:
207:
1556:
529:, where he had been baptized, a bronze bell that is still preserved in the church with the engraving:
331:
188:
375:, which was equivalent to 1,419 ounces of silver, or in modern currency, equivalent to over $ 34,500.
243:
She married Marquis Christian Cossart d'Espies on November 11, 1880, who was a descendant of Viscount
1633:
713:
498:
64:
49:
1081:
1002:
747:
725:
684:
651:
623:
372:
193:
1303:"Edificio patrimonial se ubica en predio donde se reunieron los libertadores Bolívar y San Martín"
1277:
804:
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615:
60:
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In 1851, following the abolition of slavery in Ecuador, Luzárraga was offered a position on the
538:
48:
during her exile in Paris, and when the monarchy returned to the Spanish throne, her daughter,
1681:
1654:
1606:
1436:
1029:
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357:
171:. He died in Paris, alone in his room at the Hotel Mont-Fleuri 21, avenue de la Grande-Armée.
930:
942:
764:
447:
Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga Wright, starting with his nephew Tobías de Luzárraga y Coronel.
317:
287:
255:
168:
127:
32:
627:
215:
19:
1570:
1401:
Boletin de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, Issue 25, Volume 2 - Issue 48, Volume 2
564:
At the request of the then-governor, Vicente Rocafuerte, the House of Luzárraga donated
1539:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Bogota: Imprenta del Ministerio de Guerra. pp. 17–18.
789:(in Spanish). Quito: mprenta de la Universidad central. 1922. pp. CCCCLXXII (374).
327:
1596:
464:
General Manuel Antonio Luzárraga y Echezuria - Founder of the Basque-Navarrian Lineage
1701:
585:
1461:
Memorias del General Garcia Camba para la Historia de las Armas Espanolas en el Peru
896:
915:
Raccolta di viaggi dalla scoperta del nuovo continente fino a' di nostri, Volume 12
1675:
1550:
1534:
1475:
1399:
1336:(in Spanish). Ecuador: Imprenta y Papeleria "Sucre". pp. 47–54, 61, 194–195.
1331:
1143:
1111:
1095:
913:
784:
1075:
237:
98:
1464:(in Spanish). Peru: Sociedad tipográfica de Hortelano y compañia. p. 347.
854:(in French). Paris: Administration de Librairie. pp. 8, 10–13, 47, 56–57.
961:
1208:
309:
225:
in the 1850s and was guaranteed a return following the closure of the mine.
222:
56:
1552:
Inter-America: A Monthly that Links the Thought of the New World - Volume 1
470:
Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga y Barron II, Count of Luzárraga, from 1892-1952
946:
736:
647:
467:
Francisco Gabriel de Luzárraga y Rico, Count of Luzárraga, from 1873-1892
368:
364:
330:
in the equatorial regions of South America at the time. Colombian writer
305:
301:
131:
1266:(in Spanish). Ecuador: Republica del Ecuador. 1891. pp. 3098–3099.
666:
522:
139:
115:
111:
1536:
Participación de Colombia en la libertad del Perú, 1824-1924, Volume 3
702:
655:
518:
313:
1571:"Reseña histórica Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos de Guayaquil - BCBG"
476:
Laurentino Lusciniano, last representative of the House of Luzárraga
187:
María de los Dolores Adela de Luzárraga y Barrón became Countess of
967:
The Royal Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet, and General Advertiser
683:
637:
537:
508:
449:
428:
418:
408:
398:
286:
173:
146:
135:
97:
18:
871:(in Spanish). Spain: Librerias Paris-Valencia. pp. 181–182.
735:, Ricardo Luzarraga was elected to city councilor in the town of
577:
In 1834, Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga was granted the insignia of
1653:(in Spanish). Spain: Siglo XXI de España Editores. p. 111.
809:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Librería Villar. p. 96.
706:
614:
General Luzárraga was turned into a minor character in the 1879
210:
in Paris in 1897. She was born in Guayaquil and was baptized at
106:
While the House of Luzárraga originally lived in the regions of
1480:(in Spanish). Sociedad Española de Librería. 1821. p. 460.
918:(in Italian). Prato: Fratelli Giachetti. pp. 395–397, 443.
688:
Logo of Ricofuerte and Luzárraga's Fire Department in Guayaquil
599:
for the signing of a peace agreement of January 19th of 1840.
581:
after having declined a previous position as chief councilor.
591:
In 1839, at the blockade of the port of Guayaquil during the
228:
Her brother, Juan José (1830-1904), married Angelina Wright.
1404:(in Spanish). Guayaquil: Imprenta Municipal. pp. 57–58.
1100:(in Spanish). Guayaquil. 1841. pp. no numbering system.
1054:"LA CRISIS BANCARIA DE 1999: EL RETORNO DE LA "PLUTOCRACIA""
1629:
Diario de las Sesiones de Cortes, Congreso de los Diputados
1148:(in Spanish). Bogota: Imprenta nacional. pp. 622–624.
1021:
The Lebanese in Ecuador: A History of Emerging Leadership
697:
Basque Luzárragan Influence on Spain and Spanish Politics
145:
The House of Luzárraga supplied the textile factory of
646:
In 1816, Manuel, on behalf of the house, acquired the
821:"Manuel Antonio de Luzarraga - Personajes Históricos"
454:
Rosalía Olvera de Luzárraga, Former Head of the House
433:
10 Peso note, Historical Archives, House of Luzárraga
413:
5 Peso note, Historical Archives, House of Luzárraga
304:, be repaid in the form of "a colonel's sword, steel
1522:(in Spanish). Quito: Imprenta Nacional. p. 156.
423:
5 Peso note, Historical Archives, House of Luzárraga
403:
1 Peso note, Historical Archives, House of Luzárraga
221:
Adela and her family partly owned production of the
52:, confirmed it by Royal Decree on January 20, 1873.
962:"In the Court of the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries"
1680:. Central European University Press. p. 228.
291:Old Previsora Bank of the House of Luzarraga, 1922
183:María de los Dolores Adela, Countess of Ligniville
1398:Destruge, Camilo; Alminate, Juan Antonio (1915).
1263:Registro oficial: órgano del Gobierno del Ecuador
1209:"Further from South America - Ecuador: Guayaquil"
724:, was beaten up by protestors and rescued by the
517:In 1852, Manuel Antonio de Luzárraga returned to
1237:"A Golden Age: Chocolate in New York, 1850-1900"
1145:Epistolario del doctor Rufino Cuervo, Volume 24
1061:Boletín del the - Taller de Historia Económica
712:As noted in a letter addressed to the Spanish
560:The Public Clock of Guayaquil at Torre Morsica
1674:Berger, Stefan; Miller, Alexei (2015-06-10).
547:Sagrados Corazones Bilingual Educational Unit
480:The title has been vacant from 1952 onwards.
8:
891:"España, matrimonios, 1565-1950", database,
1444:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1374:"Visita Oficial a la República del Ecuador"
672:Luzárraga was also the first agent for the
604:Junta Protectora de le Libertad de Esclavos
245:Jean-Baptiste Gabriel of Cossart and Espiès
178:Adela de Luzárraga y Rico de Thomassa, 1860
39:The Luzárraga family, originating from the
1575:Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos de Guayaquil
1348:"Torre Morisca cumple 72 años de historia"
1190:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1127:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1004:Alfaro Presidente Amigo De Los Empresarios
300:, who would later become the president of
912:Marmocchi, Francesco Constantino (1845).
865:de Iturriza y Zabala, Juan Ramón (1884).
232:Ana María, Marquess of Cossart and Espies
46:Queen Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
1180:(in Spanish). Ecuador. 1924. p. 33.
1052:Paz y Miño Cepeda, Juan J (1 Mar 2016).
680:Meritorious Fire Department of Guayaquil
377:
283:Role in Ecuadorian Economy & Banking
77:Juan Ramón de Iturriza y Gárate Zabala's
44:financial support given to the crown by
1601:(in Spanish). Internet Archive. Spain:
1492:"Goleta Alcance - Historia del Ecuador"
1080:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Ayacucho:
935:Journal de la société des américanistes
776:
165:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
122:Francisco Gabriel I, Count of Luzárraga
1647:de la Granja Sainz, José Luis (2009).
1183:
1120:
1117:(in Spanish). Lima. 1861. p. 164.
716:in 1910, during a protest regarding a
138:, the capital of the Mexican state of
23:Family crest of the House of Luzárraga
1333:Ecuador: Estudios históricos - Vol. 1
1325:
1323:
1203:
1201:
1047:
1045:
786:Documentos para la historia, Volume 1
573:Involvement in the History of Ecuador
159:Manuel Antonio II, Count of Luzárraga
7:
907:
905:
843:
841:
798:
796:
298:General Francisco de Paula Santander
1447:. Vol. III. 1900. p. 111.
1007:(in Spanish). Guayaquil. p. 1.
733:1931 Spanish general election cycle
1418:The Secret of the Andes: A Romance
1372:EPN, Presidencia de la República.
1177:El Ecuador comercial, Issues 13-30
988:Archives de Paris; Paris, France;
803:de Ybarra y Bergé, Javier (1967).
620:The Secret of the Andes: A Romance
489:Former Banco de Previsora building
14:
1498:(in European Spanish). 2015-10-13
848:Lafond de Lurcy, Gabriel (1844).
827:(in European Spanish). 2016-05-10
167:presided by M. Henry Vignaud and
1595:Llano Gorostiza, Manuel (1976).
1477:Biblioteca Ayacucho, Volumes 6-7
1001:Arosemena Arosemena, Guillermo.
674:Pacific Steam Navigation Company
642:Artist's depiction of the Alcace
513:Church of Santa Maria in Mundaca
379:Gallery of Luzárragan Banknotes
169:Prince Roland Napoléon Bonaparte
1603:Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
1074:de Sucre, Antonio José (2009).
960:Roberts, Joseph (20 Apr 1860).
542:Public Clock Tower at Guayaquil
208:fire at the Bazar de la Charité
1533:Cortes Vargas, Carlos (1947).
1415:Hassaurek, Friederich (1879).
663:Ecuadorian War of Independence
367:(named Guaquilla), located in
102:Manuel Antonio Luzárraga, 1820
1:
1458:García Camba, Andrés (1846).
1142:Cuervo, Luis Augusto (1922).
748:Jose Manuel Etxeita Luzarraga
728:after being gravely injured.
218:. She died at the age of 98.
1438:"Hassaurek, Friedrich"
931:"Le Prince Roland Bonaparte"
806:Escudos de Vizcaya: Busturia
527:parish church of Santa Maria
206:Adela was a survivor of the
1423:Robert Clarke & Company
1097:Correo semanal de Guayaquil
897:Miguel Antonio de Luzarraga
868:Historia General de Vizcaya
88:Historia General de Vizcaya
1734:
1516:Ycaza, Octavio G. (1922).
851:Voyages dans les Amériques
584:In 1838, he was appointed
554:Order of the Sacred Hearts
350:rejected as legal tender.
277:Voyages dans les Ameriques
1330:Destruge, Camilo (1912).
1018:Roberts, Lois J. (2000).
33:Spanish house of nobility
16:Spanish house of nobility
1496:Enciclopedia Del Ecuador
1354:(in Spanish). 2003-05-24
1309:(in Spanish). 2020-09-22
825:Enciclopedia Del Ecuador
593:War of the Confederation
586:Plenipotentiary Minister
390:5 Peso note (variant 2)
387:5 Peso note (variant 1)
344:General Guillermo Franco
212:Saint-Pierre de Chaillot
94:French-Basque Luzárragas
1708:19th century in Ecuador
1217:. 5 Nov 1860. p. 1
760:Juan Perez de Lazarraga
650:Alcance from its owner
1713:Spanish noble families
929:Verneau, René (1924).
689:
643:
634:Naval Force of Ecuador
588:of Ecuador to Mexico.
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434:
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292:
202:Adela Luzárraga y Rico
179:
103:
24:
1677:Nationalizing Empires
1632:(in Spanish). Spain:
1626:García, J.A. (1910).
947:10.3406/jsa.1924.3774
687:
641:
595:, Luzárraga acted as
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512:
505:Church of Santa María
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432:
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412:
402:
290:
262:The Bank of Luzárraga
177:
101:
22:
1634:Congress of Deputies
1559:. 1918. p. 219.
1519:El Ejército nacional
990:Etat Civil 1792-1902
895:(13 February 2020),
722:Juan Tomás Gandarias
714:Congress of Deputies
499:Guayaquil Conference
346:authorized, but the
318:errors in production
65:October 9 Revolution
1425:. pp. 349–350.
1082:Biblioteca Ayacucho
624:Friedrich Hassaurek
622:by American author
610:In Historical Media
380:
356:From 1864 to 1869,
1598:Bolivar en Vizcaya
1278:"Sucre of Ecuador"
1241:The Chocolate Life
690:
644:
616:historical fiction
544:
515:
456:
435:
425:
415:
405:
378:
293:
180:
104:
61:Vicente Rocafuerte
29:House of Luzárraga
25:
1687:978-963-386-017-5
1612:978-84-500-1556-0
1214:Richmond Dispatch
1077:De Mi Propia Mano
1026:Avalon Publishing
628:President Lincoln
579:Brigadier General
495:cultural heritage
439:
438:
216:Parisian nobility
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791:
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781:
765:Larrinaga palace
652:José de Villamil
381:
312:and braid for a
256:Sainte-Menehould
253:
197:
130:, descendant of
128:Mexican nobility
85:
1733:
1732:
1728:
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1718:Basque politics
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801:
794:
783:
782:
778:
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756:
745:
699:
682:
636:
612:
597:parliamentarian
575:
562:
549:
507:
491:
486:
461:
444:
285:
269:
264:
247:
234:
204:
191:
185:
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96:
79:
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1605:. p. 65.
1587:
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1508:
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1421:. Cincinnati:
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1228:
1197:
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1134:
1103:
1087:
1066:
1041:
1034:
1028:. p. 31.
1010:
993:
981:
952:
941:(1): 389–394.
921:
901:
884:
877:
857:
837:
812:
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741:
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681:
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635:
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443:
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358:Lizardo García
328:cocoa industry
284:
281:
268:
265:
263:
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254:, governor of
233:
230:
223:Wheal Vor Mine
203:
200:
184:
181:
160:
157:
123:
120:
95:
92:
72:
69:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1730:
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1660:9788432315138
1656:
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1636:. p. 31.
1635:
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1340:
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1334:
1326:
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1308:
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1298:
1295:
1283:
1282:Mintage World
1279:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1216:
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1124:
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1099:
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1091:
1088:
1084:. p. 97.
1083:
1079:
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1048:
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1035:9780813337180
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878:9788483391532
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718:Supreme Court
715:
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582:
580:
572:
570:
567:
559:
557:
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546:
540:
536:
533:
530:
528:
525:and gave the
524:
520:
511:
504:
502:
500:
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488:
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481:
475:
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466:
463:
462:
459:Title Holders
458:
452:
448:
441:
431:
427:
421:
417:
411:
407:
401:
397:
396:
393:10 Peso note
392:
389:
386:
383:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
354:
351:
349:
348:Jefe Superior
345:
339:
335:
333:
332:Rufino Cuervo
329:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
289:
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58:
53:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
21:
1676:
1669:
1649:
1642:
1628:
1621:
1597:
1590:
1579:. Retrieved
1577:(in Spanish)
1574:
1565:
1555:. New York:
1551:
1545:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1495:
1486:
1476:
1470:
1460:
1453:
1442:
1431:
1417:
1410:
1400:
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1380:(in Spanish)
1377:
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1332:
1311:. Retrieved
1306:
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1284:. 2020-09-14
1281:
1272:
1262:
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1243:. 2021-07-04
1240:
1231:
1219:. Retrieved
1212:
1176:
1170:
1160:
1154:
1144:
1137:
1112:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1076:
1069:
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1003:
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972:. Retrieved
965:
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893:FamilySearch
892:
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850:
829:. Retrieved
824:
815:
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730:
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700:
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671:
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613:
603:
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384:1 Peso note
362:
355:
352:
347:
340:
336:
325:
322:
308:, a pair of
294:
276:
274:
270:
242:
235:
227:
220:
205:
186:
162:
154:
151:
144:
125:
105:
87:
74:
57:Guayaquilian
54:
38:
28:
26:
1352:El Universo
1307:El Universo
970:. p. 4
726:Civil Guard
654:, visiting
248: [
192: [
118:, Vizcaya.
80: [
1702:Categories
1581:2023-01-27
1502:2023-01-27
1384:2023-01-27
1358:2023-01-27
1313:2023-01-27
1288:2023-02-02
1247:2023-02-02
1161:Exposición
831:2023-01-27
771:References
743:Literature
442:Succession
310:epaulettes
189:Ligniville
134:living in
108:Pais Vasco
1557:Doubleday
1186:cite book
1123:cite book
493:Declared
132:Gaditanos
50:Isabel II
754:See also
737:Guernica
648:schooner
369:Babahoyo
365:hacienda
306:scabbard
302:Colombia
899:, 1795.
731:In the
667:estuary
566:a clock
523:Mundaca
267:Origins
140:Nayarit
116:Mundaca
112:Navarre
71:Origins
1684:
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1378:gob.mx
1114:libelo
1063:: 1–2.
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703:Bilbao
656:Callao
618:novel
519:Bilbao
484:Legacy
373:sucres
314:dolman
41:Basque
1221:2 Mar
1057:(PDF)
974:2 Mar
252:]
196:]
147:Jauja
136:Tepic
86:book
84:]
31:is a
1682:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1607:ISBN
1223:2023
1192:link
1129:link
1030:ISBN
976:2023
873:ISBN
707:Irun
705:and
110:and
27:The
943:doi
238:WWI
1704::
1573:.
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1441:.
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250:fr
240:.
194:fr
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82:es
67:.
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1615:.
1584:.
1505:.
1387:.
1361:.
1316:.
1291:.
1250:.
1225:.
1194:)
1131:)
1038:.
978:.
949:.
945::
881:.
834:.
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