192:
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207:
1049:" projecting half a meter from the wall. Below the eaves two different decorative schemes may be found, depending on whether a temple was built in the early or the later period of the empire. In the early temples built prior to the 13th century, there is one eave and below this are decorative miniature towers. A panel of Hindu deities and their attendants are below these towers, followed by a set of five different mouldings forming the base of the wall. In the later temples there is a second eave running about a metre below the upper eaves with decorative miniature towers placed between them. The wall images of gods are below the lower eaves, followed by six different mouldings of equal size. This is broadly termed "horizontal treatment". The six mouldings at the base are divided in two sections. Going from the very base of the wall, the first horizontal layer contains a procession of elephants, above which are horsemen and then a band of foliage. The second horizontal section has depictions of the Hindu epics and
22:
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1340:. Hoysala sculptors made use of the effect of light and shade on carved walls, which poses a challenge for photography of the temples. The artistry of the Hoysalas in stone has been compared to the finesse of an ivory worker or a goldsmith. The abundance of jewellery worn by the sculpted figures and the variety of hairstyles and headdresses depicted give a fair idea of the lifestyles of the Hoysala times.
708:
4071:
895:, who added sculptural details to the circular pillar base and left the top plain. The lathe-turned pillars are 16, 32, or 64-pointed; some are bell-shaped and have properties that reflect light. The Parsvanatha Basadi at Halebidu is a good example. According to Brown, the pillars with four monolithic brackets above them carry images of
903:(sculpture of a woman, displaying stylised feminine features). This is a common feature of Chalukya-Hoysala temples. According to Sastri, the shape of the pillar and its capital, the base of which is square and whose shaft is a monolith that is lathe turned to render different shapes, is a "remarkable feature" of Hoysala art.
1112:
In
Hoysala art Hardy identifies two conspicuous departures from the more austere Western (Later) Chalukya art:ornamental elaboration and a profusion of iconography with figure sculptures, both of which are found in abundance even on the superstructure over the shrine. Their medium, the soft chlorite
182:
in the 11th and 12th centuries. Its final development stage and transformation into an independent style was during the rule of the
Hoysalas in the 12th and 13th centuries. Medieval inscriptions displayed prominently at temple locations give information about donations made toward the maintenance of
221:
Hindu temples began as simple shrines housing a deity and by the time of the
Hoysalas had evolved into well-articulated edifices in which worshippers sought transcendence of the daily world. Hoysala temples were not limited to any specifically organised tradition of Hinduism and encouraged pilgrims
1200:
General life themes are portrayed on wall panels such as the way horses were reined, the type of stirrup used, the depiction of dancers, musicians, instrumentalists, and rows of animals such as lions and elephants (where no two animals are identical). Perhaps no other temple in the country depicts
126:
but have additional inventive decoration and ornamentation, features unique to
Hoysala artisans. Some three hundred temples are known to survive in present-day Karnataka state and many more are mentioned in inscriptions, though only about seventy have been documented. The greatest concentration of
940:
is often topped by a tower which is quite different on the outside than on the inside. Inside, the vimana is plain and square, whereas outside it is profusely decorated and can be either stellate ("star-shaped") or shaped as a staggered square, or feature a combination of these designs, giving it
1430:. Their influence is seen in other temples built by the Hoysalas as well. Names of other locals found in inscriptions are Maridamma, Baicoja, Caudaya, Nanjaya and Bama, Malloja, Nadoja, Siddoja, Masanithamma, Chameya and Rameya. Artists from Tamil country included Pallavachari and Cholavachari.
1008:
is a large, highly- sculptured structure resembling a dome which is made from large stones and looks like a helmet. It may be 2 m by 2 m in size and follows the shape of the shrine. Below this structure are domed roofs in a square plan, all of them much smaller and crowned with small
1385:
While medieval Indian artisans preferred to remain anonymous, Hoysala artisans signed their works, which has given researchers details about their lives, families, guilds, etc. Apart from the architects and sculptors, people of other guilds such as goldsmiths, ivory carvers, carpenters, and
300:
meaning "Lord of". The name "Hoysaleswara", for instance, means "Lord of
Hoysala". The temple can also be named after the devotee who commissioned the construction of the temple, an example being the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala, named after the devotee Buci. The most striking sculptural
1232:) have been sculpted in a clockwise direction starting at the main entrance. The right to left sequence is the same direction taken by the devotees in their ritual circumambulation as they wind inward toward the inner sanctum. Depictions from mythology such as the epic hero
367:
and a small drum among other emblems that symbolise objects worshiped independently of the divine image with which they are associated. Any male icon portrayed in this way is Shiva although a female icon may sometimes be portrayed with these attributes as Shiva's consort,
1212:
Erotica was a subject the
Hoysala artist handled with discretion. There is no exhibitionism in this, and erotic themes were carved into recesses and niches, generally miniature in form, making them inconspicuous. These erotic representations are associated with the
859:
is connected to the shrines by a vestibule, a square area that also connects the shrines. Its outer walls are decorated, but as the size the vestibule is not large, this may not be a conspicuous part of the temple. The vestibule also has a short tower called the
560:
where different parts of a temple stand independently. Although superficially unique, Hoysala temples resemble each other structurally. They are characterised by a complex profusion of sculpture decorating all the temple parts chiselled of soft
687:
is unique to
Hoysala architecture as it has four shrines around a common centre and a fifth shrine within the same complex for the deity Bhairava (a form of Shiva). In addition, four minor shrines exist at each corner of the courtyard
1309:, and according to Brown, owing to its features, Hoysala architecture qualifies as an independent style. While the Hoysalas introduced innovative features into their architecture, they also borrowed features from earlier builders of
217:
Hinduism is a combination of secular and sacred beliefs, rituals, daily practices and traditions that has evolved over the course of over two thousand years and embodies complex symbolism combining the natural world with philosophy.
1364:
206:
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21:
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and worked on forty other monuments, including the
Amruteshwara temple at Amruthapura. Malithamma specialised in ornamentation, and his works span six decades. His sculptures were typically signed in shorthand as
1300:
According to Settar, surveys in modern times have indicated that 1000–1500 structures were built by the
Hoysalas, of which about a hundred temples have survived to date. The Hoysala style is an offshoot of the
1186:
art in the
Chalukyan touches. Some of the artists working for the Hoysalas may have been from Chola country, a result of the expansion of the empire into Tamil-speaking regions of Southern India. The image of
794:
ceiling is generally ornate with sculptures, both mythological and floral. The ceiling consists of deep and domical surfaces and contains sculptural depictions of banana bud motifs and other such decorations.
825:
and has four lathe-turned pillars to support the ceiling, which may be deeply domed. The four pillars divide the hall into nine bays. The nine bays result in nine decorated ceilings. Pierced stone screens
781:
parapet wall acting as a back rest. The seats may follow the same staggered square shape of the parapet wall. The ceiling here is supported by numerous pillars that create many bays. The shape of the open
941:
many projections and recesses that seem to multiply as the light falls on it. Each projection and recess has a complete decorative articulation that is rhythmic and repetitive and composed of blocks and
1013:. They are mixed with other small roofs of different shapes and are ornately decorated. The tower of the shrine usually has three or four tiers of rows of decorative roofs while the tower on top of the
1288:
2549:
It is possible that the Hoysalas encouraged different groups of artists to execute pillars and these groups may have been in competition to produce unique pillars, (Sastri 1955, p. 429)
411:(mace). These can be held in any of the icon's hands, making possible twenty-four different forms of Vishnu, each with a unique name. Apart from these, Vishnu is depicted in any of his
399:(symbol of eternal, heavenly space) and a wheel (eternal time and destructive power) is Vishnu. If a female figure is depicted holding these objects, she is seen as his consort,
556:) that become increasingly sacred as the deity is approached. Hoysala temples have distinct parts that are merged to form a unified organic whole, in contrast to the temples of
1028:
363:
The two main deities found in Hoysala temple sculpture are Shiva and Vishnu in their various forms and avatars (incarnations). Shiva is usually shown with four arms holding a
246:
and his descendants were Vaishnava by faith, records show that the Hoysalas maintained religious harmony by building as many temples dedicated to Shiva as they did to Vishnu.
3831:
1386:
silversmiths also contributed to the completion of temples. The artisans were from diverse geographical backgrounds and included famous locals. Prolific architects included
790:
has 13 bays. The walls have parapets that have half pillars supporting the outer ends of the roof which allow plenty of light making all the sculptural details visible. The
1264:(a fusion of Shiva and Vishnu) holding a conch, wheel, and trident. Many of these friezes were signed by the artisans, the first known instance of signed artwork in India.
891:. The pillars may also exhibit ornamental carvings on the surface and no two pillars are alike. This is how Hoysala art differs from the work of their early overlords, the
4474:
122:
Temples built prior to Hoysala independence in the mid-12th century reflect significant Western Chalukya influences, while later temples retain some features salient to
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has one less tier, making the tower look like an extension of the main tower (Foekema calls it the "nose"). One decorated roof tier runs on top of the wall of a closed
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which were sometimes further carved with deep fluting and moulded with decorative motifs. The temples may be built upon a platform raised by about a metre called a "
4102:
1723:
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92:
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schist (Soapstone) enabled a virtuoso carving style. Hoysala artists are noted for their attention to sculptural detail be it in the depiction of themes from the
911:
546:) where the image of the deity resides, so temple architecture is designed to move the devotee from outside to the garbhagriha through ambulatory passageways for
2758:
According to Percy Brown, Hoysala architecture and sculpture have been called a "phenomenal effort of human concentration, skill, and religious consciousness" (
273:(or to Chennakeshava, meaning "Beautiful Vishnu") while a small number are dedicated to Lakshminarayana and Lakshminarasimha (Narayana and Narasimha both being
719:
1173:
figures are decorative objects put at an angle on the outer walls of the temple near the roof so that worshipers circumambulating the temple can view them.
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2845:
162:
which immediately preceded the Hoysalas. The whole tradition covers a period of about seven centuries began in the 7th century under the patronage of the
634:
which is in unity with the rest of the temple follows a star-shaped design and the walls of the temple follow a zig-zag pattern, a Hoysala innovation.
5036:
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1893:
3824:
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569:, executed mostly by local craftsmen, and exhibit architectural features that distinguish them from other temple architectures of South India.
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234:(two of the popular Hindu gods), but they occasionally built some temples dedicated to the Jain faith as well. Worshippers of Shiva are called
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79:. These three temples were accorded UNESCO world heritage site status in 2023. Other examples of Hoysala craftsmanship are the temples at
881:(open and closed) have circular lathe-turned pillars having four brackets at the top. Over each bracket stands sculptured figures called
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1147:), spiral foliage, animals such as lions, elephants and horses, and even general aspects of daily life such as hair styles in vogue.
945:, obscuring the tower profile. Depending on the number of shrines (and hence on the number of towers), the temples are classified as
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Plateau region. Large and small temples built during this era remain as examples of the Hoysala architectural style, including the
1260:, with several arms holding weapons given to her by other gods, in the act of killing a buffalo (a demon in a buffalo's form) and
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4824:
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Lakshmi Devi ("Goddess of Wealth") Temple is an exception as it is dedicated to neither Vishnu nor Shiva. The defeat of the Jain
4932:
2416:
The Hoysaleswara shrine and the Shantaleswara shrine in the Hoysaleswara Temple in Halebidu are examples. (Foekema 1996, p. 59)
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Most of these temples have secular features with broad themes depicted in their sculptures. This can be seen in the famous
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Hardy, Adam. "Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation—The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries".
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on the outer temple walls depicting a sequence of epic scenes from the Hindu epics. Temples that are not built on a
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316:(of present-day south Karnataka) by the Cholas in the early 11th century and the rising numbers of followers of
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Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries
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is best described as staggered-square and is the style used in most Hoysala temples. Even the smallest open
497:
175:
3626:
2733:
2531:
It is called a "nose" because it projects from the main tower over the entrance to it (Foekema 1996, p. 22)
2232:
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starting from the main entrance by walking in a clockwise direction (towards the left) before entering the
269:
is different in that its ornamentation is strictly Vaishnava. Generally Vaishnava temples are dedicated to
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may not be literally accurate. In temples with multiple disconnected shrines, such as the twin temples at
143:
305:, and intricately carved images of gods, goddesses and their attendants on the outer temple wall panels.
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384:) and holding its skin up behind his back. He is often accompanied by his consort Parvati or shown with
313:
417:, which include Vishnu sitting on Anantha (the celestial snake and keeper of life energy also known as
281:, consort of Vishnu, seated at his feet. Temples dedicated to Vishnu are always named after the deity.
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1,500 temples in 958 centres were built, according to historical records, between 1000 and 1346 CE.
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5001:
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2971:"Here, the past unfolds itself in all its glory & might-Hoyasala architecture in Somanathapura"
2869:"Here, the past unfolds itself in all its glory & might-Hoyasala architecture in Somanathapura"
2610:
may not literally mean "three towers", as only the central shrine has a tower (Foekema 1996, p. 25)
2488:"Here, the past unfolds itself in all its glory & might—Hoyasala architecture in Somanathapura"
1551:
1423:
1155:, a common form of Hoysala sculpture, is an old Indian tradition going back to Buddhist sculpture.
1118:
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258:
171:
64:
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2947:
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612:) provides no such feature. Such temples will have an additional set of steps leading to an open
3746:
1368:
Vasantha mantapa, an ornate 13th century contribution from the Hoysala era to the pre-existing
5379:
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5180:
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were the architects of Chennakesava Temple at Belur; Kedaroja was the chief architect of the
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Hardy (1995), p. 320, p. 321, p. 324, p. 325, p. 329, p. 332, p. 334, p. 339, p. 340, p. 346
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821:, well decorated inside and out, is larger than the vestibule connecting the shrine and the
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Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000–1300 AD
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from ground level. An example of a temple that does not exhibit the raised platform is the
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1073:(tower) is divided into three horizontal sections and is even more ornate than the walls.
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683:) may be placed either next to each other or on opposite sides. The Lakshmidevi temple at
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360:
at Hulikere being an example. The tank has twelve minor shrines containing Hindu deities.
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936:, contains the most sacred shrine wherein resides the image of the presiding deity. The
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This is also called "cross-in-square" style and is not a square (Foekema, 1996, p. 22)
817:(enclosed with walls extending all the way to the ceiling) and the shrine. The closed
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exist: showing him naked (fully or partially), in activities such as slaying a demon (
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temples to satisfy the needs of its Jain population, a few of which have survived in
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26:
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5138:
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calls this one of the distinguishing features of Hoysala art. (Kamath 2001, p. 134)
2540:
This is a common feature of Western Chalukya-Hoysala temples: (Kamath 2001, p. 117)
2382:"History of Karnataka-Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture in Hoysala Empire"
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is often lost due to age and has been replaced with a metallic pinnacle. Below the
1000:) has the shape of a water pot and stands on top of the tower. This portion of the
883:
385:
345:
333:
321:
179:
2803:
carvings were done in greenschist (soapstone), a technique adopted by the Hoysalas
765:) is a regular feature in larger Hoysala temples leading to an inner small closed
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the temple, details of consecration and on occasion, even architectural details.
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2384:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006
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but has only one tower over the main shrine (in the middle). So the terminology
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112:
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707:
403:. In all of the depictions Vishnu is holding four objects: a conch, a wheel, a
328:. However, two notable locations of Jain worship in the Hoysala territory were
51:. Hoysala influence was at its peak in the 13th century, when it dominated the
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A bay is a square or rectangular compartment in the hall (Foekema 1996, p. 93)
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is the hall where groups of people gather during prayers. The entrance to the
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Sastri (1955), pp. 428–429; Foekema (1996), pp. 28–29; Kamath (2001), p. 135
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A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar
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Ornate lintel and door jamb relief at entrance to inner mantapa in the
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A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present
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is pyramid-shaped and rises in steps without any decoration and has a
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is the most exciting feature of their sculptures (Foekema 1996, p. 29)
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1197:(closed hall) of the Chennakeshava temple is an example of Chola art.
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111:. Study of the Hoysala architectural style has revealed a negligible
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under the projecting roof overhanging the wall (Foekema 1996, p. 93)
874:, these sculptures are quite large and are placed at all doorways.
844:(congregation hall) is a characteristic Hoysala stylistic element.
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epics more effectively than the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu.
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between the 11th and 14th centuries, in the region known today as
20:
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292:, symbol of fertility and the universal symbol of Shiva, in the
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Foekema (1996), p. 53, p. 37, p. 71, p. 81, p. 41, p. 43, p. 83
993:, all essential parts are duplicated for symmetry and balance.
301:
decorations are the horizontal rows of mouldings with detailed
4509:
425:), with the head of a lion disembowelling a demon on his lap (
134:
Hoysala architecture is classified by the influential scholar
637:
Devotees can first complete a ritual circumambulation on the
592:, apart from giving a raised look to the temple, serves as a
324:
in the 12th century was mirrored by a decreased interest in
2782:
1055:
scenes executed with detail. Above this are two friezes of
150:
style of further south. Other terms for the tradition are
1321:. These features included the use of chloritic schist or
851:, consisting of an awning supported by two half-pillars (
395:
A male figure depicted holding certain objects such as a
813:
If the temple is small it will consist of only a closed
131:(hill) districts, the native home of the Hoysala kings.
3538:. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
1220:
Apart from these sculptures, entire sequences from the
866:
or "nose" upon which is mounted the Hoysala emblem. In
3631:
history and craftsmanship of Belur and Halebid temples
3601:. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press.
1256:
are common. Also frequently seen in these temples is
855:) and two parapets, all richly decorated. The closed
602:
path" for circumambulation around the temple, as the
296:. The names of Shiva temples can end with the suffix
715:
over mantapa entrance in Chennakeshava temple, Belur
5323:
5292:
5241:
5106:
4843:
4802:
4677:
4590:
4508:
4391:
4325:
4118:
3045:
3043:
3041:
1177:
1164:
572:Most Hoysala temples have a plain covered entrance
2738:Frontline, Volume 20 – Issue 08, April 12–25, 2003
2522:is a norm in Hoysala temples (Foekema 1996, p. 22)
2327:
2325:
2237:Frontline, Volume 20 – Issue 08, April 12–25, 2003
1032:Outer wall panel with six horizontal mouldings at
565:(chloritic schist), a good material for intricate
226:. The Hoysalas usually dedicated their temples to
3348:
3346:
2563:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from
761:which serves the purpose of an outer hall (outer
3651:Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle
3500:The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts
3376:Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle
3170:Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle
3124:Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle
3094:Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle
3064:Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle
653:can have steps flanked by elephant balustrades (
154:, and Chalukya architecture, divided into early
2783:"Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, 1996"
645:, following the sculptural clockwise-sequenced
3318:
3316:
3314:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2185:
2183:
2181:
453:), with his feet over head of a small figure (
380:) or dancing on the head of a slain elephant (
277:, or physical manifestations, of Vishnu) with
4468:
4096:
3825:
3502:. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
3304:
3302:
2938:Chandragutti, Raghavendra (25 January 2005).
2740:. Frontline, From the publishers of the Hindu
2366:
2364:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2239:. Frontline, From the publishers of the Hindu
773:which are often spacious have seating areas (
429:), with head of a boar walking over a demon (
8:
3411:
3409:
2710:. Singapore: Periplus Editions. p. 69.
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2197:
2195:
1434:List of notable temples from the Hoysala era
1169:is the chaste maiden. In the Hoysala idiom,
3399:
3397:
2787:Architecture Autonomous, Bardez, Goa, India
2518:The four pillars and nine bays of a closed
622:walls. A good example of this style is the
4475:
4461:
4453:
4103:
4089:
4081:
3832:
3818:
3810:
3274:
3272:
2593:
2591:
2094:. © UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2023
445:(flute), dancing on the head of the snake
421:), Vishnu with Lakshmi seated on his lap (
392:, another of Shiva's many manifestations.
174:during the 9th and 10th centuries and the
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
2312:
2310:
1328:Other features were the stepped style of
265:dedicated to Shiva. The Kesava temple at
3739:"Hoyasala architecture in Somanathapura"
2297:
2295:
1488:
1363:
847:A porch adorns the entrance to a closed
348:. They constructed stepped wells called
146:in the Deccan that is distinct from the
2844:Raghavendra, Srinidhi (9 August 2005).
2454:
2452:
2060:
1236:shooting fish, the elephant-headed god
538:The focus of a temple is the centre or
513:Temple profile – staggered square plan
3653:. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from
3378:. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from
3172:. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from
3126:. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from
3096:. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from
3066:. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from
2640:Foekema (1996), p. 22, p. 28, section:
2425:Foekema (1996), p. 25, p. 57, section:
2395:
2318:Recognizing the most important deities
2303:Recognizing the most important deities
1182:are pillar images that show traces of
806:with shining, lathe-turned pillars at
741:normally has a highly ornate overhead
3697:"Architecture of Indian Subcontinent"
1281:decoration (demon faces) on tower at
1117:epics and deities or in their use of
757:is an overhead decoration). The open
727:, a common feature in Hoysala temples
723:Ornate bay ceiling in mantapa in the
238:and worshippers of Vishnu are called
7:
2174:The dedications and names of temples
1458:Lakshmi Devi Temple, Doddagaddavalli
981:. There are cases where a temple is
493:Chennakesava Temple at Somanathapura
3974:architecture of the Nayaka kingdoms
2708:Introduction to Indian Architecture
2172:Foekema (1996), pp. 19–20, chapter-
2076:Foekema (1996), p. 47, p. 59, p. 87
388:the bull. He may be represented as
3914:& Rekhanagara architecture of
3678:. OurKarnataka.Com. Archived from
2898:Premkumar P.B. (20 January 2004).
2153:Introduction-Dynasties and Periods
2088:"Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas"
2086:UNESCO World Heritage Convention.
977:, the Vaishnava ones mostly being
14:
3517:Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples
2822:, called "Kadamba shikhara". The
1583:Vishnuvardhana, Veera Ballala II
1394:, who also built temples for the
1135:(miniature decorative towers) on
1021:above the heavy eaves of an open
996:The highest point of the temple (
965:(five). Most Hoysala temples are
580:turned (circular or bell-shaped)
4069:
3745:. chitralakshana. Archived from
3672:"Architecture in Hoysala Empire"
3597:Sastry, K.A. Nilakanta (2002) .
2940:"A glimpse of the lost grandeur"
2875:. Chitralakshana. Archived from
2561:"Architecture in Hoysala Empire"
2496:. Chitralakshana. Archived from
1483:Chennakeshava Temple, Aralaguppe
1467:Pierced stone window screens at
1418:Dasoja and his son Chavana from
1039:Below the superstructure of the
39:developed under the rule of the
4264:Thantra-Samuchayam/Shilparatnam
3647:"Monuments of Bangalore Circle"
2834:on the top (Kamath 2001, p. 38)
2619:Foekema (1996), p. 81, section:
2316:Foekema (1996), p. 32, chapter:
2301:Foekema (1996), p. 31, chapter:
2151:Hardy (1995), pp. 6–7, section
1336:, which was inherited from the
1283:Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura
836:) that serve as windows in the
808:Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura
725:Veera Narayana Temple, Belavadi
669:. In temples with two shrines (
257:dedicated to Vishnu and in the
25:Profile of a Hoysala temple at
4442:Category:Architecture in India
3977:1399 to 1947: Architecture of
3864:– synthesis of several schools
3572:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) .
2812:The most prominent feature of
2585:Brown in Kamath (2001), p. 135
1325:as a basic building material.
519:Kedareshvara Temple, Balligavi
471:, and the eagle (stealing the
441:or the cow herder playing the
170:, developed further under the
115:influence while the impact of
1:
4735:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
3922:Western Chalukya architecture
1191:on one of the pillars in the
501:Hoysala stepped temple tank (
160:Western Chalukya architecture
124:Western Chalukya architecture
5433:Indian architectural history
3894:Badami Chalukya architecture
3761:Review by: Ajay J. Sinha of
3576:. Bangalore: Jupiter books.
3194:Foekema (2003), p. 59, p. 72
1352:Elephant balustrades in the
156:Badami Chalukya architecture
5423:Indian architectural styles
1402:built the Kesava Temple at
1178:
1165:
485:Chennakeshava Temple, Belur
16:Medieval Hindu temple style
5459:
3792:. Spectrum. Archived from
3720:. Spectrum. Archived from
3372:"Panchalingeshvara Temple"
2969:Githa U.B. (11 May 2004).
2867:Githa U.B. (11 May 2004).
2486:Githa U.B. (11 May 2004).
2280:Kamath (2001), pp 112, 132
1437:
1244:, the weather and war god
1143:(aquatic monster), birds (
769:and the shrines. The open
753:is an imaginary beast and
482:
172:Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta
142:tradition, a trend within
5443:Hindu temple architecture
5438:Architecture of Karnataka
4490:
4437:
4067:
3943:Vijayanagara architecture
3848:
3841:Architecture of Karnataka
3703:. Architecture Autonomous
3534:Foekema, Gerard (2003) .
3287:Foekema (1996), pp. 62–63
2446:Foekema (1996), pp. 22–23
2402:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2067:Hardy (1995), pp. 243–245
2049:Vijayanagara architecture
1390:, a native of Kaidala in
1376:Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple
1065:s (imaginary beasts) and
777:) made of stone with the
463:riding an elephant, with
449:, lifting a hill such as
344:containing icons of Jain
210:Shiva, Parvati, Nandi at
37:Hindu temple architecture
35:is the building style in
3515:Foekema, Gerard (1996).
3498:Cousens, Henry (1996) .
2289:Foekema (1996), plate 27
2257:Foekema (1996), p. 19–20
2133:in Kamath (2001), p. 134
1724:Nageshvara-Chennakeshava
1380:Chikkaballapura district
1356:. A temple plan without
505:) at Hulikere, Karnataka
372:. Various depictions of
178:(or Later Chalukyas) of
119:style is more distinct.
4500:History of construction
4484:History of architecture
3997:styles of architecture)
2762:in Kamath 2001, p. 134)
2642:The plan of the temples
1440:List of Hoysala temples
1388:Amarashilpi Jakanachari
1025:and above the porches.
550:and halls or chambers (
4495:Architectural timeline
4039:Dravidian architecture
3928:style of architecture)
3876:Dravidian architecture
3786:"Architectural marvel"
3716:Ragavendra, Srinidhi.
3557:. New Delhi: Abhinav.
3519:. New Delhi: Abhinav.
2900:"Architectural marvel"
2816:architecture is their
2706:Thapar, Binda (2004).
1486:
1471:
1460:
1382:
1361:
1303:Western Chalukya style
1297:
1285:
1109:
1092:
1036:
923:
810:
728:
716:
698:Architectural elements
535:
521:
506:
214:
203:
144:Dravidian architecture
29:
5037:America and Australia
4657:Medieval Scandinavian
4112:Architecture of India
4037:1947 to present: Neo-
3880:Western Ganga Dynasty
3743:History of Indian art
3553:Hardy, Adam (1995) .
3469:Foekema (1996), p. 87
3460:Foekema (1996), p. 39
3442:Foekema (1996), p. 73
3424:Foekema (1996), p. 71
3403:Foekema (1996), p. 83
3352:Foekema (1996), p. 67
3340:Foekema (1996), p. 43
3331:Cousens (1926), p. 93
3296:Foekema (1996), p. 41
3266:Foekema (1996), p. 53
3248:Foekema (1996), p. 81
3230:Foekema (1996), p. 37
3221:Foekema (2003), p. 37
3203:Foekema (1996), p. 77
3035:Foekema (1996), p. 59
3017:Foekema (1996), p. 47
2999:Foekema (1996), p. 57
2928:Sastri (1955), p. 299
2696:Foekema (1996), p. 29
2631:Foekema (1996), p. 27
2597:Sastri (1955), p. 429
2458:Sastri (1955), p. 428
2370:Foekema (1996), p. 25
2358:Kamath (2001), p. 135
2340:Kamath (2001), p. 136
2331:Foekema (1996), p. 21
2271:Kamath (2001), p. 134
2210:Foekema (1996), p. 19
2201:Kamath (2001), p. 132
2163:Foekema (2003), p. 18
2044:Architecture of India
1477:
1466:
1456:(pinnacle) on top at
1447:
1367:
1351:
1294:Harihareshwara Temple
1291:
1275:
1098:
1084:
1031:
914:
801:
722:
710:
665:temple in Korvangla,
527:
512:
500:
336:. The Hoysalas built
314:Western Ganga Dynasty
209:
195:Vishnu with Lakshmi (
194:
24:
5279:Critical regionalism
4056:Tibetan architecture
3933:Hoysala architecture
3862:Kadamba architecture
3718:"In need of support"
3676:History of karnataka
3478:Hardy (1995), p. 346
3451:Hardy (1995), p. 333
3433:Hardy (1995), p. 332
3415:Hardy (1995), p. 340
3361:Hardy (1995), p. 328
3322:Hardy (1995), p. 331
3308:Hardy (1995), p. 321
3278:Hardy (1995), p. 324
3257:Hardy (1995), p. 339
3239:Hardy (1995), p. 320
3212:Hardy (1995), p. 343
3155:Hardy (1995), p. 334
3049:Hardy (1995), p. 329
3026:Hardy (1995), p. 325
3008:Hardy (1995), p. 326
2846:"In need of support"
2771:Kamath (2001) p. 136
2437:Hardy (1995), p. 246
2189:Hardy (1995), p. 245
2142:Hardy (1995), p. 244
1224:epics (commonly the
877:The outer and inner
224:devotional movements
33:Hoysala architecture
5218:Stripped Classicism
5193:International style
5176:Rationalist-Fascist
4825:Portuguese Colonial
4575:Pre-Islamic Persian
4033:church architecture
3701:Indian Architecture
3166:"Rameshvara Temple"
3100:on 28 November 2016
3090:"Shantinatha Basti"
3070:on 18 November 2017
3060:"Parsvanatha Basti"
2950:on 14 December 2014
1424:Hoysaleswara Temple
657:) that lead to the
489:Hoysaleswara temple
259:Hoysaleswara temple
251:Chennakesava Temple
222:of different Hindu
65:Hoysaleswara Temple
57:Chennakesava Temple
5223:Postconstructivism
5166:Streamline Moderne
3947:Vijayanagar Empire
3682:on 4 November 2006
3627:"Hoysala heritage"
3176:on 29 October 2013
2981:on 4 December 2007
2910:on 22 January 2008
2879:on 4 December 2007
2856:on 7 October 2011.
2734:"Hoysala Heritage"
2567:on 4 November 2006
2500:on 4 December 2007
2233:"Hoysala Heritage"
1818:Vira Narasimha II
1705:Shantinatha Basadi
1487:
1481:plan of shrine in
1472:
1461:
1383:
1362:
1298:
1286:
1179:sthamba buttalikas
1110:
1093:
1037:
932:, also called the
924:
811:
729:
717:
536:
522:
507:
318:Vaishnava Hinduism
215:
204:
30:
5408:
5407:
4450:
4449:
4078:
4077:
4043:1953 to present:
4014:1512 to present:
3979:Kingdom of Mysore
3784:Premakumar, B.P.
3724:on 7 October 2011
2789:. Gerard da Cunha
2035:
2034:
1894:Panchalingeshwara
1840:Vira Narasimha II
1797:Veera Ballala II
1776:Veera Ballala II
1755:Veera Ballala II
1734:Veera Ballala II
1715:Veera Ballala II
1673:Veera Ballala II
1652:Veera Ballala II
1400:Ruvari Malithamma
1396:Western Chalukyas
1344:Notable craftsmen
1332:tower called the
1319:Western Chalukyas
1088:, Hoysala art at
1086:Sthamba buttalika
893:Western Chalukyas
618:(open hall) with
540:sanctum sanctorum
176:Western Chalukyas
127:these are in the
5450:
5300:Deconstructivism
5059:Spanish Colonial
4820:Spanish Colonial
4720:Western Chalukya
4528:Ancient Egyptian
4477:
4470:
4463:
4454:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4018:architecture of
4008:architecture of
3955:architecture of
3909:
3905:
3891:
3887:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3855:
3843:(345 to present)
3834:
3827:
3820:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3780:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3612:
3593:
3568:
3549:
3530:
3511:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3404:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3309:
3306:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3267:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3130:on 18 April 2016
3120:"Adinatha Basti"
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2977:. Archived from
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2946:. Archived from
2935:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2906:. Archived from
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2852:. Archived from
2841:
2835:
2810:
2804:
2801:Western Chalukya
2798:
2796:
2794:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2666:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2427:Dodda Gadduvalli
2423:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2359:
2356:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2228:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2190:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
1982:Vira Someshwara
1972:Lakshminarasimha
1963:Vira Someshwara
1944:Vira Someshwara
1925:Vira Someshwara
1913:Lakshminarasimha
1904:Vira Someshwara
1885:Vira Someshwara
1873:Lakshminarasimha
1695:Veera Ballala II
1666:Shravanabelagola
1514:Doddagaddavalli
1489:
1354:Bucesvara temple
1334:Kadamba shikhara
1181:
1168:
679:(the shrines or
600:circumambulation
595:pradakshinapatha
548:circumambulation
427:Lakshminarasimha
330:Shravanabelagola
164:Chalukya dynasty
5458:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5428:Hoysala Kingdom
5413:
5412:
5409:
5404:
5319:
5288:
5237:
5171:Totalitarianism
5161:New Objectivity
5102:
4955:Serbo-Byzantine
4950:Russo-Byzantine
4839:
4798:
4673:
4650:Islamic Persian
4586:
4504:
4486:
4481:
4451:
4446:
4433:
4387:
4321:
4244:Badami Chalukya
4114:
4109:
4079:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4052:Tibetan Culture
3907:
3903:
3889:
3885:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3853:
3844:
3838:
3808:
3799:
3797:
3796:on 11 June 2012
3783:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3749:on 14 June 2006
3736:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3694:
3685:
3683:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3657:on 25 June 2012
3645:
3636:
3634:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3596:
3571:
3565:
3552:
3546:
3533:
3527:
3514:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2811:
2807:
2792:
2790:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2394:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2230:
2229:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2188:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2040:
2004:Vira Someshwara
1953:Lakshminarayana
1863:Vira Someshwara
1785:Ishvara (Shiva)
1614:Vishnuvardhana
1564:Vishnuvardhana
1520:Vishnuvardhana
1442:
1436:
1392:Tumkur district
1346:
1270:
1079:
909:
853:engaged columns
705:
700:
685:Doddagaddavalli
667:Hassan District
495:
481:
423:Lakshminarayana
310:Doddagaddavalli
288:temples have a
197:Lakshminarayana
189:
140:Karnata Dravida
138:as part of the
117:Southern Indian
53:Southern Deccan
17:
12:
11:
5:
5456:
5454:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5415:
5414:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5156:Constructivism
5153:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5131:
5129:Prairie School
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4764:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4662:Pre-Romanesque
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4592:1st millennium
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Indo-Saracenic
4304:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4234:Hindu-southern
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4185:
4180:
4168:Hindu-northern
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4133:
4128:
4126:Ancient Indian
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4085:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4041:
4035:
4028:1933 to 1956:
4026:
4012:
3998:
3975:
3970:1499 to 1763:
3968:
3951:1490 to 1686:
3949:
3941:1336 to 1648:
3939:
3937:Hoysala Empire
3931:1100 to 1400:
3929:
3920:1000 to 1200:
3918:
3901:
3883:
3865:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3807:
3806:
3781:
3759:
3734:
3713:
3695:Kamiya Takeo.
3692:
3667:
3643:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3607:
3594:
3569:
3563:
3550:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3512:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3405:
3393:
3363:
3354:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3310:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3157:
3141:
3111:
3081:
3051:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2961:
2930:
2921:
2890:
2859:
2836:
2805:
2781:Kamiya Takeo.
2773:
2764:
2751:
2723:
2716:
2698:
2689:
2676:
2667:
2654:
2645:
2633:
2624:
2612:
2599:
2587:
2578:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2511:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2418:
2409:
2372:
2360:
2342:
2333:
2321:
2306:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2259:
2250:
2212:
2203:
2191:
2177:
2165:
2156:
2144:
2135:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:Govindanhalli
1896:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1821:Shiva, Vishnu
1819:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1806:Harihareshwara
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1737:Shiva, Vishnu
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:Jinanathapura
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:Basadi complex
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:Vishnuvardhana
1539:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1435:
1432:
1374:shrine at the
1371:Uma-Maheshvara
1345:
1342:
1269:
1266:
1240:, the Sun god
1078:
1075:
908:
905:
704:
701:
699:
696:
533:Shravanbelgola
480:
479:Temple complex
477:
459:), along with
244:Vishnuvardhana
188:
187:Temple deities
185:
49:state of India
41:Hoysala Empire
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5455:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5411:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:New Classical
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5254:Structuralism
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Functionalism
5196:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5134:Expressionism
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:Liberty style
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5019:Neo-Manueline
5017:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4992:Monumentalism
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4982:Mediterranean
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4762:Romano-Gothic
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4563:Ancient Roman
4561:
4559:
4558:Ancient Greek
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4378:Uttar Pradesh
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4072:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:Indo-Sarcenic
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:Keladi Nayaka
3969:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3866:
3863:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3795:
3791:
3790:Deccan Herald
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3723:
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624:Kesava Temple
621:
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610:inner sanctum
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242:. While King
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73:Kesava Temple
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42:
38:
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28:
27:Somanathapura
23:
19:
5410:
5368:Mesoamerican
5315:Contemporary
5293:2000–present
5284:Neo-futurism
5264:Blobitecture
5091:Modern Style
5007:Neoclassical
4755:Indo-Islamic
4730:Great Seljuk
4715:Vijayanagara
4709:
4609:East Slavic
4523:Mesopotamian
4278:Indo-Islamic
4269:Vijayanagara
4253:
4183:Māru-Gurjara
4010:Tippu Sultan
3953:Indo-Islamic
3932:
3916:Rashtrakutas
3798:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3789:
3768:
3764:
3751:. Retrieved
3747:the original
3742:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:the original
3705:. Retrieved
3700:
3684:. Retrieved
3680:the original
3675:
3659:. Retrieved
3655:the original
3650:
3635:. Retrieved
3630:
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3535:
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3384:. Retrieved
3380:the original
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3174:the original
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3072:. Retrieved
3068:the original
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2979:the original
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2948:the original
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2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2908:the original
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2893:
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2877:the original
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2854:the original
2849:
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2827:
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2808:
2791:. Retrieved
2786:
2776:
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2742:. Retrieved
2737:
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2679:
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2648:
2641:
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2607:
2606:Sometimes a
2602:
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2565:the original
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2498:the original
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2463:
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2433:
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2421:
2412:
2386:. Retrieved
2375:
2336:
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2302:
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2276:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2236:
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2173:
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2159:
2152:
2147:
2138:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2091:
2081:
2072:
2063:
1991:Chennakesava
1827:Mallikarjuna
1764:Kedareshwara
1718:Shantinatha
1682:Amruteshwara
1646:Koravangala
1633:Narasimha I
1623:Brahmeshwara
1587:Parshvanatha
1552:Hoysaleswara
1529:Chennakesava
1453:
1452:(tower)with
1449:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1384:
1369:
1360:at Korvangla
1357:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1310:
1299:
1276:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1175:
1170:
1156:
1152:Salabhanjika
1150:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1099:
1085:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1045:are temple "
1040:
1038:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
937:
927:
925:
919:(shrine) at
916:
915:Star shaped
900:
896:
888:
884:salabhanjika
882:
878:
876:
861:
856:
848:
846:
842:Sabhamantapa
841:
837:
827:
822:
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812:
803:
791:
787:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:makaratorana
746:
738:
732:
730:
689:
674:
670:
662:
658:
650:
642:
638:
636:
631:
613:
603:
593:
589:
571:
551:
537:
514:
502:
454:
414:ten avataras
413:
394:
362:
353:
349:
346:tirthankaras
334:Kambadahalli
322:Virashaivism
307:
297:
283:
248:
220:
216:
196:
180:Basavakalyan
139:
133:
121:
32:
31:
18:
5228:PWA Moderne
5114:Rationalism
5076:Art Nouveau
5064:Territorial
5044:Renaissance
5028:Queen Anne
4901:Elizabethan
4794:Plateresque
4789:Renaissance
4772:Sondergotik
4667:Carolingian
4613:Kievan Rus'
4399:Bhubaneswar
4373:Uttarakhand
4353:Maharashtra
3981:(Blends of
3800:12 November
3771:: 358–362.
3765:Art History
3753:13 November
3737:Githa U.B.
3728:13 November
3707:13 November
3686:13 November
3670:Arthikaje.
3637:13 November
3633:. Frontline
3074:17 November
2985:13 November
2954:13 November
2914:13 November
2883:13 November
2793:13 November
2760:Percy Brown
2744:13 November
2663:Percy Brown
2661:Art critic
2571:28 December
2559:Arthikaje.
2504:13 November
2388:13 November
2380:Arthikaje.
2243:13 November
2131:Percy Brown
1957:Hosaholalu
1938:Nuggehalli
1687:Amruthapura
1642:Bucheshvara
1591:Shantinatha
1580:1133, 1196
1510:Lakshmidevi
1485:, Karnataka
1230:Mahabharata
1207:Mahabharata
961:(four) and
959:chatushkuta
840:(hall) and
834:Latticework
544:garbhagriha
437:avatar (as
290:Shiva linga
85:Amruthapura
5417:Categories
5385:Portuguese
5259:Postmodern
5208:Organicism
5096:Modernisme
5081:Jugendstil
4940:Revivalism
4928:Industrial
4911:Portuguese
4685:Romanesque
4580:Achaemenid
4368:Tamil Nadu
4300:Qutb Shahi
4212:Hemadpanti
4030:Neo-Gothic
3967:Sultanates
3625:Settar S.
3486:References
2732:Settar S.
2231:Settar S.
1996:Aralaguppe
1976:Javagallu
1918:Nuggehalli
1878:Haranhalli
1855:Haranhalli
1850:Someshvara
1602:Rameshvara
1438:See also:
1411:or simply
1296:at Harihar
1278:Kirtimukha
1217:practice.
1128:kirtimukha
963:panchakuta
921:Hosaholalu
605:garbagriha
483:See also:
467:seated on
451:Govardhana
439:Venugopala
433:), in the
240:Vaishnavas
136:Adam Hardy
113:Indo-Aryan
109:Nuggehalli
89:Hosaholalu
71:, and the
5346:Dravidian
5305:Neomodern
5269:High-tech
5249:Brutalism
5242:1950–2000
5186:Stalinist
5119:Mycenaean
5107:1900–1950
4945:Byzantine
4921:Ukrainian
4906:Naryshkin
4871:Edwardian
4844:1750–1900
4815:Palladian
4810:Manueline
4803:1500–1750
4678:1000–1500
4618:Muscovite
4605:Byzantine
4553:Classical
4541:Mycenaean
4518:Neolithic
4414:Hyderabad
4383:Telangana
4363:Rajasthan
4343:Karnataka
4239:Dravidian
4060:Bylakuppe
4024:Bangalore
3912:Dravidian
3661:15 August
3386:15 August
3180:15 August
3134:15 August
3104:15 August
2683:The epic
2098:3 October
1934:Sadashiva
1577:Halebidu
1420:Balligavi
1378:complex,
1323:soapstone
1313:like the
1307:Dravidian
1254:Sarasvati
1161:sala tree
1077:Sculpture
957:(three),
943:mouldings
901:madanikas
838:navaranga
779:mantapa's
745:called a
663:Bucesvara
563:soapstone
409:Kaumodaki
350:Pushkarni
97:Arasikere
45:Karnataka
5358:Japanese
5336:Colonial
5324:Regional
5274:Arcology
5213:Art Deco
5203:Futurism
5146:De Stijl
5049:Romanian
4967:Egyptian
4962:Colonial
4916:Siberian
4726:Islamic
4695:Ottonian
4690:Galician
4600:Sasanian
4568:Herodian
4548:Etruscan
4326:By state
4249:Chalukya
4227:Rock-cut
4222:Nilachal
4188:Shikhara
4163:Harappan
4153:Buddhist
4045:Buddhist
3582:80905179
3508:37526233
2824:shikhara
2819:shikhara
2398:cite web
2038:See also
1832:Basaralu
1790:Arsikere
1769:Halebidu
1748:Belavadi
1627:Kikkeri
1611:12th c.
1595:Adinatha
1557:Halebidu
1523:Lakshmi
1495:Location
1479:Stellate
1448:Kadamba
1428:Halebidu
1338:Kadambas
1315:Kadambas
1268:Research
1262:Harihara
1228:and the
1226:Ramayana
1203:Ramayana
1171:madanika
1166:bhanjika
1137:pilaster
1133:aedicula
1121:such as
1100:Madanika
1015:sukanasi
889:madanika
872:Halebidu
863:sukanasi
771:mantapas
691:prakaram
655:parapets
553:mantapas
390:Bhairava
382:Gajasura
342:Halebidu
263:Halebidu
212:Halebidu
201:Halebidu
158:and the
101:Basaralu
81:Belavadi
69:Halebidu
5395:Spanish
5390:Russian
5331:Chinese
5151:Bauhaus
5054:Russian
5032:Britain
5014:Moorish
4997:Baroque
4987:Mission
4933:British
4896:Petrine
4891:Maltese
4886:Italian
4876:English
4851:Baroque
4750:Ottoman
4745:Timurid
4710:Hoysala
4706:Indian
4645:Fatimid
4640:Abbasid
4635:Moorish
4630:Umayyad
4625:Islamic
4532:Aegean
4424:Lucknow
4404:Chennai
4392:By city
4338:Gujarat
4259:Kadamba
4254:Hoysala
4203:Sekhari
4193:Bhumija
4178:Kalinga
4048:Viharas
3965:Bijapur
3957:Bahmani
3945:of the
3935:of the
3906:753 to
3896:or the
3888:543 to
3870:350 to
3856:345 to
3777:3250027
3590:7796041
2832:kalasha
2828:stupika
2814:Kadamba
2608:trikuta
2520:mantapa
2031:Vishnu
2008:Vishnu
1985:Vishnu
1966:Vishnu
1928:Vishnu
1888:Vishnu
1811:Harihar
1758:Vishnu
1728:Mosale
1546:Vishnu
1450:shikara
1311:Karnata
1238:Ganesha
1194:mantapa
1159:is the
1103:bracket
1052:Puranic
1023:mantapa
1019:mantapa
1011:kalasas
987:trikuta
983:trikuta
979:trikuta
975:trikuta
971:dvikuta
967:ekakuta
955:trikuta
953:(two),
951:dvikuta
949:(one),
947:ekakuta
879:mantapa
857:mantapa
849:mantapa
823:mantapa
819:mantapa
815:mantapa
804:Mantapa
792:mantapa
788:mantapa
784:mantapa
767:mantapa
763:mantapa
759:mantapa
739:mantapa
734:mantapa
711:Ornate
703:Mantapa
676:vimanas
673:), the
671:dvikuta
659:mantapa
647:reliefs
643:mantapa
620:parapet
615:mantapa
588:". The
582:pillars
567:carving
515:mantapa
503:Kalyani
465:Lakshmi
435:Krishna
401:Lakshmi
378:Andhaka
370:Parvati
365:trident
354:Kalyani
326:Jainism
298:eshwara
279:Lakshmi
275:Avatars
271:Keshava
236:Shaivas
105:Kikkeri
5400:Somali
5380:Newari
5363:Korean
5341:Indian
5233:Googie
5139:Cubism
5124:Modern
5024:Pueblo
5002:Rococo
4972:Gothic
4881:French
4856:Andean
4830:Mughal
4767:Gothic
4740:Mamluk
4700:Norman
4536:Minoan
4429:Mumbai
4419:Jaipur
4358:Odisha
4348:Kerala
4333:Bengal
4295:Sharqi
4288:Akbari
4283:Mughal
4217:Meitei
4198:Latina
4173:Nagara
4136:Bengal
4054:&
4022:&
4006:Muslim
4000:1780:
3995:Gothic
3993:, and
3991:Rajput
3987:Muslim
3898:Vesara
3775:
3605:
3588:
3580:
3561:
3542:
3523:
3506:
2799:– The
2714:
2685:frieze
2621:Mosale
2092:UNESCO
2014:Kesava
1947:Shiva
1907:Shiva
1867:Shiva
1844:Shiva
1800:Shiva
1779:Shiva
1699:Shiva
1655:Shiva
1636:Shiva
1617:Shiva
1607:Koodli
1567:Shiva
1504:Deity
1498:Period
1454:Kalasa
1358:jagati
1330:vimana
1250:Brahma
1248:, and
1234:Arjuna
1215:Shakta
1189:mohini
1141:makara
1119:motifs
1071:vimana
1067:hamsas
1063:makara
1042:vimana
1006:kalasa
1002:vimana
998:kalasa
991:Mosale
938:vimana
929:vimana
917:Vimana
907:Vimana
755:torana
751:makara
743:lintel
713:lintel
681:cellae
651:jagati
639:jagati
632:jagati
630:. The
590:jagati
586:jagati
491:; and
469:Garuda
456:Vamana
447:Kaliya
431:Varaha
419:Shesha
407:and a
303:relief
294:shrine
286:Shaiva
232:Vishnu
168:Badami
152:Vesara
129:Malnad
93:Mosale
63:, the
5351:Hindu
5069:Tudor
4977:Mayan
4866:Dutch
4861:Czech
4784:Aztec
4779:Incan
4409:Delhi
4158:Dzong
4146:Ratna
4141:Chala
4131:Assam
4119:Types
4020:Bidar
3983:Hindu
3961:Bidar
3926:Gadag
3910:973:
3900:style
3892:753:
3874:550:
3860:525:
3773:JSTOR
2055:Notes
2023:1268
2000:1250
1979:1250
1960:1250
1941:1249
1922:1246
1901:1238
1882:1235
1859:1235
1836:1234
1815:1224
1794:1220
1773:1200
1752:1200
1731:1200
1712:1200
1691:1196
1670:1181
1649:1173
1630:1171
1561:1120
1538:1117
1534:Belur
1517:1113
1409:Malli
1258:Durga
1252:with
1246:Indra
1242:Surya
1222:Hindu
1184:Chola
1145:hamsa
1115:Hindu
1107:Belur
1090:Belur
1061:s or
1047:eaves
934:cella
868:Belur
802:Open
775:asana
578:lathe
574:porch
461:Indra
405:lotus
397:conch
386:Nandi
374:Shiva
255:Belur
228:Shiva
199:) at
148:Tamil
61:Belur
5373:Maya
5181:Nazi
4835:Sikh
4317:Sikh
4312:Jain
4016:Sikh
4004:and
3963:and
3802:2006
3755:2006
3730:2006
3709:2006
3688:2006
3663:2015
3639:2006
3603:ISBN
3586:OCLC
3578:LCCN
3559:ISBN
3540:ISBN
3521:ISBN
3504:OCLC
3491:Book
3388:2015
3182:2015
3136:2015
3106:2015
3076:2017
2987:2006
2956:2006
2916:2006
2885:2006
2795:2006
2746:2006
2712:ISBN
2573:2006
2506:2006
2404:link
2390:2006
2245:2006
2100:2023
1501:King
1492:Name
1205:and
1201:the
1176:The
1163:and
1157:Sala
1123:yali
1058:yali
926:The
899:and
870:and
829:Jali
731:The
598:or "
443:Venu
358:tank
338:Jain
332:and
320:and
308:The
284:The
107:and
47:, a
4510:BCE
4058:at
3618:Web
2830:or
1426:at
1105:at
973:or
887:or
832:or
694:).
626:at
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352:or
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230:or
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