2690:
together on Lake
Mendota and the canoe overturned. 3 July 2013: NEW INFORMATION from Dr. Leonard's grandson Tim Reynolds just added to this link: "Dr. Richards said he saw Dr. Leonard lose his grip and start to sink and he instinctively dived down, reaching for him. His hand brushed Sterling's bald head. Dr. R. told Tim, 'For a long time afterwards I was haunted with bad dreams, dreaming that Sterling was trying to come up and that my hand brushing across his head kept him from being able to.' Dr. R. told Dr. Leonard's grandson that he and Sterling had had a productive afternoon together and he believed if Dr. Leonard had survived, they (together) would have 'revolutionized English teaching.' Tim says Dr. R. seemed more concerned about him (Tim) than the past events and "he reassured me my grandfather was a very important person."
609:
1992:
feedforward acts as a pretest that any writer can use to anticipate the impact of their words on their audience. According to
Richards, feedforward allows the writer to then engage with their text to make necessary changes to create a better effect. He believes that communicators who do not use feedforward will seem dogmatic. Richards wrote more in depth about the idea and importance of feedforward in communication in his book
1932:
4302:
40:
3654:
1991:
According to
Richards, feedforward is the concept of anticipating the effect of one's words by acting as our own critic. It is thought to work in the opposite direction of feedback, though it works essentially towards the same goal: to clarify unclear concepts. Existing in all forms of communication,
1922:
is expected, and that meanings (denotation and connotation) are not inherent to words, but are inherent to the perception of the reader, the listener, and the viewer. By their usages, compiled from experience, people decide and determine meaning by "how words are used in a sentence", in spoken and
1943:
to deliver an improved understanding of how words come to mean. The semantic triangle has three parts, the symbol or word, the referent, and the thought or reference. In the bottom, right corner is the referent, the thing, in reality. Placed in the left corner is the symbol or word. At the top
2689:
I.A. Richards' visit to the United States in May 1931 to meet
American literary critic and New Rhetoric proponent Sterling A. Leonard, who had arranged for him to speak at the University of Wisconsin, his shock at being present at Dr. Leonard's death the next day when the two men were canoeing
2040:
of the
Chicago School was both indebted to Richards's theory and critical of its psychological assumptions. They all admitted the value of his seminal ideas but sought to salvage what they considered his most useful assumptions from the theoretical excesses they felt he brought to bear in his
2069:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London, 1926).; reset edition, New York, W. W. Norton, 1926; 2nd ed., revised and enlarged: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London, 1935. The 1935 edition was reset, with a preface, a commentary, and the essay, “How Does a Poem Know When it is Finished” (1963), as
397:
Richards' travels, especially in China, effectively situated him as the advocate for an international program, such as Basic
English. Moreover, at Harvard University, in his international pedagogy, he began to integrate the available new media for mass communications, especially
515:, a new methodology of interpretation, but questioned the purposes and efficacy of the critical process of literary interpretation, by analysing the self-reported critical interpretations of university students. To that end, effective critical work required a closer
284:. Appointed a professor in 1944, he remained there until his retirement in 1963. In 1974, he returned to Cambridge, having retained his fellowship at Magdalene, and lived in Wentworth House in the grounds of the college until his death five years later.
571:, too abstract to be readily grasped and understood, by most readers; and he proposed that literary criticism could be precise in communicating meanings, by way of denotation and connotation. To establish critical precision, Richards examined the
3453:
579:
poetry. In reading poetry and making sense of it "in the degree in which we can order ourselves, we need nothing more"; the reader need not believe the poetry, because the literary importance of poetry is in provoking emotions in the reader.
2063:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London, 1924; New York, 1925); subsequent eds.: London 1926 (with two new appendices), New York 1926; London 1926, with new preface, New York, April 1926; and 1928, with a revised preface.
280:, Beijing. In the 1936–38 triennium, he was the director of the Orthological Institute of China. Eventually tiring of academic life at Cambridge, in 1939 he accepted an offer to teach in the school of education at
2085:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London, 1934; New York, 1935); revised editions with a new preface, New York and London 1950; Bloomington, 1960; reprints 1950, with new foreword by Richards, and an introduction by
1944:
point, the convergence of the literal word and the object in reality; it is our intangible idea about the object. Ultimately, the
English meaning of the words is determined by an individual's unique experience.
245:, where his intellectual talents were developed by the scholar Charles Hicksonn 'Cabby' Spence. He began his career without formal training in literature; he studied philosophy (the "moral sciences") at
249:, from which derived his assertions that, in the 20th century, literary study cannot and should not be undertaken as a specialisation, in and of itself, but studied alongside a cognate field, such as
1918:
and with conflict; instead, he proposed the New
Rhetoric to study the meaning of the parts of discourse, as "a study of misunderstanding and its remedies" to determine how language works. That
1984:. In the event, the term extended the intellectual and critical influence of Richards to cybernetics which applied the term in a variety of contexts. Moreover, among Richards' students was
508:
approach – critical reading without contexts – demonstrated the variety and depth of the possible textual misreadings that might be committed, by university students and laymen alike.
5174:
3503:
2529:
5134:
151:
1706:
478:. He starts from the premise that "A book is a machine to think with, but it need not, therefore, usurp the functions either of the bellows or the locomotive."
261:. His early teaching appointments were as adjunct faculty: at Cambridge, Magdalene College would not pay a salary for Richards to teach the new, and untested,
3433:
331:, the bases of the literary theory of “harmony”; aesthetic understanding derives from the balance of competing psychological impulses. The structure of the
272:
at
Cambridge was formally established, he was awarded a permanent post as a university lecturer. In the 1929–30 biennium, as a visiting professor, he taught
5124:
1527:
269:
2546:
2020:. Later critics who refined the formalist approach to New Criticism by actively rejecting his psychological emphasis included, besides Brooks and Tate,
2057:(George Allen and Unwin: London, 1922); c o-authored with C. K. Ogden, and James Wood. 2nd ed. with revised preface, (Lear Publishers: New York 1925).
500:
and contextual information from thirteen poems and asked undergraduates to write interpretations, in order to ascertain the likely impediments to an
364:
that depends upon psychological theory, and so anticipates the importance of psychology in the exercise of literary criticism. Semioticians, such as
2198:(W. W. Norton: New York, 1942; Routledge & Kegan Paul: London, 1943). Subsequent editions: 1959 (Beacon Press: Boston. With new 'Introduction').
1617:
368:, acknowledged that the methodology of the triadic theory of semiotics improved upon the methodology of the dyadic theory of semiotics presented by
265:
of
English literature. Instead, like an old-style instructor, he collected weekly tuition directly from the students as they entered the classroom.
608:
4196:
3873:
2668:
2653:
3691:
1820:
2715:
2012:, although Leavis was contemporary with Richards, and Empson was much younger. Other critics primarily influenced by his writings included
1962:
asked Richards to write a piece for their "What I Have Learned" series, Richards (then aged 75) took the opportunity to expound upon his
4191:
416:
4556:
1893:
5149:
4261:
4156:
2658:
4551:
1246:
1072:
2687:
5164:
4541:
3770:
3334:
3027:
1736:
1701:
5179:
2608:
2330:
2640:
5159:
5144:
4626:
4596:
4181:
3012:
2937:
1790:
3740:
268:
Richards was appointed a college lecturer in English and moral sciences at Magdalene in 1922. Four years later, when the
4456:
4376:
3636:
3563:
1780:
470:, coenesthesia (an awareness of inhabiting one's body, caused by stimuli from various organs), literary infectiousness,
242:
104:
2137:, 'The Importance of a Theory of Signs and a Critique of Language in the Study of Medicine'. London and New York, 1923.
39:
4276:
4221:
2577:
1627:
3968:
2186:(Routledge & Kegan Paul: London; Harcourt, Brace: New York, 1938). Subsequent editions: 1973 (with 'Retrospect').
4591:
4236:
4201:
3750:
3162:
2992:
2455:
2305:"Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. p266: Bristol; J. W. Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April, 1948
568:
5063:
4266:
3684:
2869:
1968:
1537:
446:
3147:
4506:
4118:
3810:
3523:
3307:
2708:
2680:
2636:
The Open Archive's copy of the first edition, 2nd impression, 1930; downloadable in DjVu, PDF and text formats.
2557:
1691:
939:
544:
516:
429:
3062:
5169:
4691:
4561:
4466:
3785:
3715:
3583:
3533:
3087:
2957:
2647:
2130:
1477:
830:
659:
445:(1929) which embodied aspects of the scientific approach from his study of psychology, particularly that of
288:
124:
201:
contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of New Criticism are presented in the books
5154:
4731:
4281:
4226:
4186:
4108:
3998:
3853:
3800:
3725:
3669:
3513:
3463:
3220:
2922:
2788:
2663:
2209:(Harcourt, Brace & World: New York, 1960, 1968). Includes the important essay, "The Future of Poetry."
1886:
1721:
1597:
1587:
1507:
944:
733:
356:
203:
171:
17:
2123:
The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism
357:
The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism
204:
The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism
5139:
4726:
4436:
4331:
4149:
4098:
3903:
3641:
3215:
3168:
3077:
2902:
2875:
2849:
2783:
1765:
1676:
1607:
1467:
1226:
1089:
1004:
901:
369:
3190:
5129:
5119:
4845:
4661:
4631:
4606:
4586:
4566:
4411:
3978:
3677:
3603:
3483:
3473:
3381:
3354:
3257:
3037:
2778:
1671:
1661:
1457:
1231:
1191:
934:
246:
4666:
4621:
4581:
4576:
4526:
4211:
4123:
4063:
4023:
3825:
3805:
3765:
3646:
3613:
3588:
3423:
3376:
3371:
3185:
3142:
3132:
3102:
3082:
2967:
2819:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2701:
1770:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1567:
1447:
1241:
906:
774:
496:
at Cambridge University, Richards tested the critical-thinking abilities of his pupils; he removed
277:
5008:
4811:
3057:
5033:
4865:
4855:
4651:
4546:
4536:
4366:
4165:
4028:
4003:
3943:
3868:
3795:
3745:
3608:
3598:
3568:
3543:
3329:
3267:
3127:
2927:
2834:
2753:
2738:
2523:
2437:
2322:
2316:
1855:
1666:
1637:
1487:
1437:
1366:
1291:
1276:
1209:
1167:
878:
823:
704:
686:
493:
281:
2196:
How To Read a Page: A Course in Effective Reading, With an Introduction to a Hundred Great Words
2107:(Harcourt, Brace & World: New York, 1960, 1968), includes the essay, "The Future of Poetry".
2041:
criticism. Like Empson, Richards proved a difficult model for the New Critics, but his model of
560:, Empson's book on ambiguity became the third foundational document for the methodology of the
5088:
4998:
4925:
4900:
4796:
4481:
4271:
4053:
3948:
3908:
3658:
3618:
3493:
3386:
3360:
3002:
2962:
2917:
2897:
2854:
2829:
2748:
2743:
2683:
I.A. Richards' relationship with his American mentor, author and educator Sterling A. Leonard.
2604:
2429:
2326:
2280:
2021:
1940:
1879:
1830:
1686:
1577:
1416:
1411:
1361:
1236:
1199:
1160:
1067:
818:
763:
592:
576:
531:
463:
5083:
5053:
5018:
4975:
4935:
4895:
4885:
4850:
4835:
4791:
4771:
4746:
4616:
4601:
4446:
4286:
4142:
4093:
4043:
3988:
3923:
3913:
3843:
3820:
3122:
3072:
3017:
2932:
2864:
2421:
2412:
Hardcastle, John (2005). "Of dogs and martyrs. Sherrington, Richards, Pavlov and Vygotsky".
2134:
1985:
1977:
1850:
1795:
1681:
1351:
1177:
896:
813:
806:
674:
669:
459:
5058:
5013:
4940:
4920:
4910:
4786:
4741:
4706:
4701:
4646:
4636:
4511:
4396:
4251:
4246:
4173:
4083:
4073:
3973:
3958:
3938:
3933:
3918:
3898:
3858:
3848:
3775:
3007:
2947:
2824:
2292:
1815:
1731:
1547:
1406:
1316:
1281:
1221:
1116:
1062:
1019:
712:
485:
309:
238:
198:
175:
159:
5073:
2631:
1931:
5003:
4994:
4989:
4980:
4945:
4930:
4915:
4890:
4875:
4870:
4840:
4826:
4816:
4801:
4776:
4756:
4681:
4641:
4611:
4496:
4476:
4471:
4426:
4421:
4406:
4386:
4301:
4206:
4078:
4038:
4033:
4008:
3983:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3863:
3815:
3760:
3720:
3593:
3573:
3443:
3200:
3152:
3047:
2997:
2977:
2912:
2126:
2033:
2029:
2013:
2005:
1759:
1557:
1286:
1216:
1106:
1099:
959:
891:
572:
549:
527:
420:
308:
The life and intellectual influence of I. A. Richards approximately corresponds to his
262:
2358:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, October 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
5113:
5068:
5023:
4960:
4880:
4831:
4821:
4806:
4721:
4716:
4676:
4531:
4521:
4516:
4441:
4431:
4416:
4341:
4241:
4103:
4088:
4068:
4058:
4013:
3993:
3963:
3835:
3755:
3623:
3413:
3272:
3195:
3137:
3052:
3032:
2892:
2844:
2617:
Tong, Q. S. "The Bathos of a Universalism, I. A. Richards and His Basic English." In
2597:
2441:
2042:
2025:
1860:
1845:
1696:
1497:
1356:
1331:
1296:
1143:
1111:
642:
632:
561:
424:
391:
387:
273:
179:
167:
2374:
2260:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5028:
4965:
4955:
4905:
4860:
4766:
4671:
4501:
4486:
4371:
4291:
4256:
4231:
4216:
4113:
4018:
3893:
3735:
3227:
3092:
2972:
2952:
2804:
2236:
2009:
1840:
1785:
1386:
1172:
1027:
996:
864:
512:
2216:
ed. by John Paul Russo (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1976).
3454:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
2168:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.: London; Harcourt, Brace: New York, 1932).
2004:
Richards served as a mentor and teacher to other prominent critics, most notably
511:
The critical method derived from that pedagogical approach did not propose a new
5098:
4984:
4970:
4950:
4751:
4736:
4711:
4696:
4686:
4451:
4048:
3928:
3790:
3730:
3701:
3396:
3349:
3205:
3157:
3117:
3067:
2859:
2425:
2037:
1981:
1953:
1865:
1825:
1800:
1311:
1306:
990:
980:
365:
317:
208:
4571:
4491:
4461:
3366:
3344:
3237:
3022:
2982:
2942:
2809:
2724:
2674:
2351:
2017:
1963:
1517:
1396:
1381:
1376:
1155:
1077:
1038:
952:
843:
739:
399:
254:
250:
191:
187:
2433:
2202:
The Wrath of Achilles: The Iliad of Homer, Shortened and in a New Translation
4761:
4656:
4361:
4321:
3780:
3277:
3247:
3042:
2987:
2907:
2839:
1919:
1911:
1835:
1336:
1266:
1204:
1136:
1050:
1033:
1014:
1009:
795:
789:
768:
750:
535:
415:
379:(1930) describes a simplified English based upon a vocabulary of 850 words.
361:
85:
423:(1906–84), developed the methodology of New Criticism with the practice of
1988:, who also applied and developed the term and the concept of feedforward.
5078:
4346:
4336:
3578:
3312:
3262:
3242:
3107:
2204:(W. W. Norton: New York, 1950; Routledge & Kegan Paul: London, 1951).
2086:
1915:
1907:
1148:
1126:
1044:
850:
836:
698:
681:
664:
647:
637:
627:
619:
600:
523:
505:
471:
454:
313:
292:
258:
234:
213:
163:
68:
64:
2485:
16:"Practical criticism" redirects here. For the variety of criticism, see
5093:
4401:
4381:
4351:
3391:
3339:
3297:
3282:
3252:
2814:
1401:
1326:
1321:
1271:
1131:
1121:
1094:
857:
801:
744:
691:
652:
2480:
Glicksberg, Charles I. "I. A. Richards and the Science of Criticism".
522:
To substantiate interpretive criticism, Richards provided theories of
4391:
4326:
4134:
3324:
3302:
3232:
3210:
2619:
Tokens of Exchange: The Problem of Translation in Global Circulation.
2318:
The Rhetorical Tradition: Reading From Classical Times to the Present
2226:: The Times of India Press), 1938; Odgen, C. K. & Richards, I. A.
2223:
1810:
1805:
1346:
1341:
1301:
1082:
1057:
985:
919:
885:
872:
783:
757:
497:
475:
467:
183:
2456:"A quote from Principles of Literary Criticism (Routledge Classics)"
534:, of stock response, incipient action, and pseudo-statement; and of
2497:
Hochmuth, Marie. "I. A Richards and the 'New Rhetoric' new royal",
2079:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London, 1929); revised edition, 1930.
4356:
4316:
3097:
2648:
I.A. Richards page from the Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory
1996:
and said that feedforward was his most important learned concept.
1930:
1371:
926:
912:
414:
2321:(2nd ed.). New York, New York: Bedford/St. Matin's. p.
3318:
3292:
1775:
4138:
3673:
2697:
3287:
1906:
As a rhetorician, Richards said that the old form of studying
2693:
437:
Richards elaborated on an approach to literary criticism in
427:
of literary works, prose and poetry; his best-known work is
377:
Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar
312:
interests; many endeavours were in collaboration with the
2572:
2570:
552:, a former student of Richards'; moreover, additional to
2673:
Richard Storer, 'Richards, Ivor Armstrong (1893–1979)',
2501:
44.1 (1958): 1. Communication & Mass Media Complete.
2125:. Co-authored with C. K. Ogden. With an introduction by
2166:
Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definition
2133:, 'The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages', and
2045:
provided the basis for their interpretive methodology.
345:
Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definition
339:—prefigures the multiple-definitions work in the books
2174:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.: London, 1933).
1914:) was too concerned with the mechanics of formulating
3504:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
2677:, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 18 May 2007
2180:(Oxford University Press: New York and London, 1936).
4309:
4172:
3834:
3708:
3556:
3405:
3178:
2885:
2797:
2731:
2686:
Jessica Renshaw, 'FAMILY: My Grandfather Sterling,'
335:—a survey of the competing definitions of the term
190:functions as a self-contained and self-referential
118:
110:
100:
92:
75:
49:
30:
2596:
2603:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
18:Varieties of criticism § Practical criticism
154:(26 February 1893 – 7 September 1979), known as
2664:I.A. Richards page from LiteraryDictionary.com
2207:'So Much Nearer: Essays toward a World English
4150:
3685:
2709:
2105:So Much Nearer: Essays toward a World English
1887:
166:. His work contributed to the foundations of
8:
5175:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
3700:Subfields of and cyberneticians involved in
3434:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
2528:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2192:(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London, 1935).
2112:Rhetoric, semiotics and prose interpretation
2514:Golden, Berquist, Coleman, Sproule (2010).
2315:Bizzell, Patricia; Herzberg, Bruce (2001).
2101:(Routledge & Kegan Paul: London, 1955).
1528:A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions
504:to a literary text. That experiment in the
390:as an international auxiliary language, an
4157:
4143:
4135:
3692:
3678:
3670:
2716:
2702:
2694:
2547:"The Meaning of Meaning of I. A. RIchards"
2073:(W. W. Norton: New York and London, 1970).
1894:
1880:
587:
38:
27:
2375:"I.A. Richards | British critic and poet"
2160:NY: 1989 (with a preface by Umberto Eco)
492:to a literary text. As an instructor in
384:The Times of India Guide to Basic English
186:, in an effort to discover how a work of
1618:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
2675:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2356:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2248:
599:
5135:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
2521:
2402:(1960).my World Publishing Co. p. 149.
2352:"Richards, Ivor Armstrong (1893–1979)"
2288:
2278:
2214:Complementarities: Uncollected Essays,
1972:records that Richards coined the term
360:(1923) presents the triadic theory of
320:(C. K. Ogden), notably in four books:
2621:Duke University Press, 1999. 331–354.
2541:
2539:
2509:
2507:
2486:https://www.jstor.org/stable/27535493
2346:
2344:
2342:
2220:Times of India Guide to Basic English
1821:Rhetoric of social intervention model
458:, Richards discusses the subjects of
7:
2669:Biography compiled by John Constable
2369:
2367:
2259:Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica.
2254:
2252:
2061:The Principles of Literary Criticism
567:To Richards, literary criticism was
554:The Principles of Literary Criticism
455:The Principles of Literary Criticism
439:The Principles of Literary Criticism
295:holiday in Wales. She died in 1986.
2154:5th: 1938 (Preface Date: June 1938)
2148:3rd: 1930 (Preface Date: Jan. 1930)
2145:2nd: 1927 (Preface Date: June 1926)
2142:1st: 1923 (Preface Date: Jan. 1923)
538:. This last subject, the theory of
519:of the literary text as an object.
23:English literary critic (1893–1979)
5125:People educated at Clifton College
4557:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
2157:8th: 1946 (Preface Date: May 1946)
2151:4th: 1936 (Preface Date: May 1936)
327:(1922) presents the principles of
44:I. A. Richards in the Alps c. 1930
14:
2518:. Kendall-Hunt. pp. 265–268.
406:Aesthetics and literary criticism
4300:
3652:
2599:I.A. Richards: His Life and Work
2190:Basic in Teaching: East and West
607:
214:Principles of Literary Criticism
3771:Cybernetics in the Soviet Union
2654:I.A. Richards capsule biography
2516:The Rhetoric of Western Thought
2462:. Good Reads Inc. 3 August 2012
1939:Richards and Ogden created the
304:Collaborations with C. K. Ogden
182:of a literary text, especially
136:
2659:The I.A. Richards Web Resource
2129:, and supplementary essays by
1966:concept of "feedforward". The
1:
4627:Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
4597:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
4552:Anne Louise Germaine de Staël
2484:46.4 (1938). JSTOR. Web. <
2055:The Foundations of Aesthetics
1791:List of feminist rhetoricians
419:The poet and literary critic
3564:Aestheticization of politics
1781:Glossary of rhetorical terms
243:Magdalene College, Cambridge
105:Magdalene College, Cambridge
2499:Quarterly Journal of Speech
2426:10.1080/1358684052000340434
1628:Language as Symbolic Action
158:, was an English educator,
5196:
4592:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
3751:Computational neuroscience
2420:(1, 1 April 2005): 31–42.
2184:Interpretation in Teaching
2178:The Philosophy of Rhetoric
2095:(Oxford UP: London, 1936).
2093:The Philosophy of Rhetoric
1951:
474:, divergent readings, and
316:, philosopher, and writer
287:In 1926, Richards married
223:The Philosophy of Rhetoric
15:
5064:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
4457:Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
4298:
4267:Reader-response criticism
3632:
2595:Russo, John Paul (1989).
2267:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1969:Oxford English Dictionary
1538:De Optimo Genere Oratorum
447:Charles Scott Sherrington
386:(1938) sought to develop
333:Foundations of Aesthetics
325:Foundations of Aesthetics
37:
5150:English literary critics
4507:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
4262:Psychoanalytic criticism
3924:Charles Geoffrey Vickers
3811:Second-order cybernetics
2681:Barbara Leonard Reynolds
2578:"The Communication Blog"
2083:Coleridge on Imagination
545:Seven Types of Ambiguity
517:aesthetic interpretation
430:Seven Types of Ambiguity
349:Coleridge on Imagination
4562:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
3786:Engineering cybernetics
3716:Artificial intelligence
3584:Evolutionary aesthetics
3534:The Aesthetic Dimension
2650:(subscription required)
2379:Encyclopedia Britannica
2360:(subscription required)
2265:Encyclopedia Britannica
2099:Speculative Instruments
1994:Speculative Instruments
1478:De Sophisticis Elenchis
573:psychological processes
291:, whom he had met on a
149:Ivor Armstrong Richards
125:Dorothy Pilley Richards
53:Ivor Armstrong Richards
5165:Communication scholars
4282:Sociological criticism
4252:Postcolonial criticism
4187:Biographical criticism
4109:Walter Bradford Cannon
3999:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
3854:Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
3801:Management cybernetics
3726:Biomedical cybernetics
3721:Biological cybernetics
3514:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
3464:Lectures on Aesthetics
2641:The Meaning Of Meaning
1976:in 1951 at the Eighth
1936:
1598:De doctrina Christiana
1588:Dialogus de oratoribus
1508:Rhetorica ad Herennium
734:Captatio benevolentiae
434:
5180:Translation theorists
4727:Ferdinand de Saussure
4310:Theorists and critics
4069:Anthony Stafford Beer
3904:Ernst von Glasersfeld
3659:Philosophy portal
2400:On the Study of Words
2172:Basic Rules of Reason
2071:Poetries and Sciences
1935:The semantic triangle
1934:
1927:The semantic triangle
1766:Communication studies
1608:De vulgari eloquentia
1468:Rhetoric to Alexander
418:
370:Ferdinand de Saussure
341:Basic Rules of Reason
237:. He was educated at
233:Richards was born in
178:which emphasized the
5160:English rhetoricians
5145:People from Sandbach
4632:James Russell Lowell
4607:Francesco De Sanctis
4587:Percy Bysshe Shelley
4567:Wilhelm von Humboldt
4412:Lodovico Castelvetro
4197:Cultural materialism
4182:Archetypal criticism
4099:Valentin Braitenberg
3979:Jay Wright Forrester
3604:Philosophy of design
3484:In Praise of Shadows
3474:The Critic as Artist
2131:Bronisław Malinowski
247:Cambridge University
211:and I. A. Richards,
4732:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
4667:Friedrich Nietzsche
4622:Ralph Waldo Emerson
4582:Thomas Love Peacock
4577:Arthur Schopenhauer
4527:Mary Wollstonecraft
4212:Descriptive poetics
4202:Darwinian criticism
4124:William Grey Walter
4064:Sergei P. Kurdyumov
4024:N. Katherine Hayles
3806:Medical cybernetics
3766:Conversation theory
3614:Philosophy of music
3589:Mathematical beauty
2644:at Internet Archive
2633:Practical Criticism
2580:. 25 November 2010.
2563:on 29 October 2013.
2077:Practical Criticism
1771:Composition studies
1702:Health and medicine
1568:Institutio Oratoria
775:Eloquentia perfecta
558:Practical Criticism
542:, was developed in
482:Practical Criticism
443:Practical Criticism
329:aesthetic reception
278:Tsinghua University
219:Practical Criticism
5034:Hans-Georg Gadamer
4866:Philip Wheelwright
4856:Simone de Beauvoir
4652:Charles Baudelaire
4547:William Wordsworth
4542:Friedrich Schlegel
4537:Friedrich Schiller
4367:Christine de Pizan
4277:Semiotic criticism
4222:Feminist criticism
4166:Literary criticism
4104:William Ross Ashby
4029:Natalia Bekhtereva
4004:Maleyka Abbaszadeh
3944:Heinz von Foerster
3869:Buckminster Fuller
3796:Information theory
3746:Catastrophe theory
3609:Philosophy of film
3599:Patterns in nature
3569:Applied aesthetics
3544:Why Beauty Matters
3330:Life imitating art
3191:Art for art's sake
2482:The Sewanee Review
2291:has generic name (
2067:Science and Poetry
1937:
1923:written language.
1856:Terministic screen
1638:A General Rhetoric
1168:Resignation speech
705:Studia humanitatis
687:Byzantine rhetoric
494:English literature
435:
282:Harvard University
270:Faculty of English
5107:
5106:
5089:Oswald de Andrade
4926:Hans Robert Jauss
4901:E. D. Hirsch, Jr.
4797:John Crowe Ransom
4692:Stéphane Mallarmé
4662:Søren Kierkegaard
4482:Giambattista Vico
4272:Russian formalism
4237:Marxist criticism
4132:
4131:
4054:Ranulph Glanville
3969:Jakob von UexkĂĽll
3949:Humberto Maturana
3909:Francis Heylighen
3667:
3666:
3619:Psychology of art
3494:Art as Experience
2460:www.goodreads.com
2350:Storer, Richard,
2022:John Crowe Ransom
1941:semantic triangle
1904:
1903:
1831:Rogerian argument
1578:Panegyrici Latini
670:The age of Cicero
502:adequate response
490:inferior response
318:Charles Kay Ogden
293:mountain climbing
146:
145:
5187:
5084:Yokomitsu Riichi
5054:J. Hillis Miller
5019:Geoffrey Hartman
4976:Elaine Showalter
4936:Raymond Williams
4896:Martin Heidegger
4886:Gaston Bachelard
4851:Jean-Paul Sartre
4836:Monroe Beardsley
4792:Georges Bataille
4772:Boris Eikhenbaum
4747:Viktor Shklovsky
4617:John Stuart Mill
4602:Giacomo Leopardi
4447:Pierre Corneille
4304:
4287:Source criticism
4159:
4152:
4145:
4136:
4119:Warren McCulloch
4094:Valentin Turchin
4044:Pyotr Grigorenko
3989:John N. Warfield
3914:Francisco Varela
3874:Charles François
3844:Alexander Lerner
3821:Sociocybernetics
3741:Neurocybernetics
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3549:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3419:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2695:
2614:
2602:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2556:. Archived from
2551:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2414:Changing English
2409:
2403:
2398:Tai Huai-Ching,
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2348:
2337:
2336:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2256:
2135:F. G. Crookshank
1986:Marshall McLuhan
1978:Macy Conferences
1896:
1889:
1882:
1796:List of speeches
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1443:
1247:Neo-Aristotelian
814:Figure of speech
675:Second Sophistic
611:
588:
140:
138:
82:
79:7 September 1979
62:26 February 1893
61:
59:
42:
28:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5059:Clifford Geertz
5014:Jonathan Culler
4941:Lionel Trilling
4921:Michel Foucault
4911:Jacques Derrida
4787:Mikhail Bakhtin
4742:Walter Benjamin
4707:Antonio Gramsci
4702:Benedetto Croce
4647:Hippolyte Taine
4637:Edgar Allan Poe
4512:Joshua Reynolds
4305:
4296:
4247:New historicism
4174:Literary theory
4168:
4163:
4133:
4128:
4084:Talcott Parsons
4074:Stuart Kauffman
3974:Jason Jixuan Hu
3959:Igor Aleksander
3939:Gregory Bateson
3934:Gordon S. Brown
3919:Frederic Vester
3899:Erich von Holst
3859:Allenna Leonard
3849:Alexey Lyapunov
3830:
3776:Decision theory
3704:
3698:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3628:
3552:
3547:
3537:
3527:
3524:Critical Essays
3517:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3401:
3174:
3088:Ortega y Gasset
2881:
2793:
2727:
2722:
2628:
2611:
2594:
2591:
2589:Further reading
2586:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2520:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2496:
2492:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2287:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2261:"I.A. Richards"
2258:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2233:
2119:
2114:
2051:
2002:
1960:Saturday Review
1956:
1950:
1929:
1900:
1871:
1870:
1816:Public rhetoric
1754:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1692:Native American
1657:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1073:Funeral oration
1063:Farewell speech
1020:Socratic method
976:
975:
966:
965:
728:
727:
718:
717:
623:
622:
586:
575:of writing and
569:impressionistic
486:empirical study
413:
408:
306:
301:
239:Clifton College
231:
192:æsthetic object
176:literary theory
160:literary critic
142:
139: 1926)
134:
130:
127:
101:Alma mater
84:
80:
63:
57:
55:
54:
45:
33:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5193:
5191:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5170:Cyberneticists
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4999:FĂ©lix Guattari
4995:Gilles Deleuze
4992:
4990:Murray Krieger
4987:
4981:Sandra Gilbert
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4946:Julia Kristeva
4943:
4938:
4933:
4931:Georges Poulet
4928:
4923:
4918:
4916:Roland Barthes
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:Ernst Gombrich
4888:
4883:
4878:
4876:Roman Jakobson
4873:
4871:Theodor Adorno
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Jan Mukařovský
4843:
4841:Cleanth Brooks
4838:
4829:
4827:Ernst Cassirer
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4802:R. P. Blackmur
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4782:I. A. Richards
4779:
4777:Virginia Woolf
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Irving Babbitt
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4682:Anatole France
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4642:Matthew Arnold
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4612:Thomas Carlyle
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4497:Samuel Johnson
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4477:Joseph Addison
4474:
4472:Alexander Pope
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4437:Henry Reynolds
4434:
4429:
4427:Torquato Tasso
4424:
4422:Jacopo Mazzoni
4419:
4414:
4409:
4407:Wang Changling
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4387:Anandavardhana
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4207:Deconstruction
4204:
4199:
4194:
4192:Chicago school
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:Stuart Umpleby
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:Norbert Wiener
4036:
4034:Niklas Luhmann
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4009:Manfred Clynes
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Jennifer Wilby
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:I. A. Richards
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3889:Claude Bernard
3886:
3884:Margaret Boden
3881:
3879:Genevieve Bell
3876:
3871:
3866:
3864:Anthony Wilden
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3836:Cyberneticians
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3816:Cybersemiotics
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Control theory
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Neuroesthetics
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Arts criticism
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3460:
3450:
3444:On the Sublime
3440:
3430:
3420:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3308:Interpretation
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3201:Artistic merit
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2850:Psychoanalysis
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2627:
2626:External links
2624:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2609:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2566:
2535:
2503:
2490:
2473:
2447:
2404:
2391:
2363:
2338:
2331:
2307:
2298:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2127:J. P. Postgate
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2047:
2034:Murray Krieger
2030:R. P. Blackmur
2014:Cleanth Brooks
2006:William Empson
2001:
1998:
1952:Main article:
1949:
1946:
1928:
1925:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1760:Ars dictaminis
1755:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1558:On the Sublime
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Lightning talk
1104:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:
988:
983:
977:
973:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
956:
949:
948:
947:
937:
932:
931:
930:
923:
916:
904:
899:
894:
892:Method of loci
889:
882:
875:
870:
869:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
828:
827:
826:
821:
811:
810:
809:
799:
792:
787:
780:
779:
778:
766:
761:
754:
747:
742:
737:
729:
725:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
710:
709:
708:
696:
695:
694:
689:
679:
678:
677:
672:
662:
657:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
628:Ancient Greece
624:
618:
617:
616:
613:
612:
604:
603:
597:
596:
585:
582:
550:William Empson
484:(1929), is an
421:William Empson
412:
409:
407:
404:
305:
302:
300:
297:
289:Dorothy Pilley
276:and Poetry at
263:academic field
230:
227:
156:I. A. Richards
144:
143:
132:
128:
123:
122:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
83:(aged 86)
77:
73:
72:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
32:I. A. Richards
31:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5192:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5155:New Criticism
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Tristan Tzara
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5024:Wolfgang Iser
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5009:Hélène Cixous
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4961:Chinua Achebe
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4881:Northrop Frye
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4832:W. K. Wimsatt
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4822:Kenneth Burke
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:György Lukács
4810:
4808:
4807:Jacques Lacan
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Sigmund Freud
4720:
4718:
4717:A. C. Bradley
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:William Blake
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:Immanuel Kant
4520:
4518:
4517:Denis Diderot
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Thomas Hobbes
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Francis Bacon
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4417:Philip Sidney
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:St. Augustine
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:New Criticism
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:Ulla Mitzdorf
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:Robert Trappl
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4014:Margaret Mead
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Kevin Warwick
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:Jacque Fresco
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Connectionism
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3625:
3624:Theory of art
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:Hippias Major
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Entertainment
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Art manifesto
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Appropriation
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Merleau-Ponty
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Abhinavagupta
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Postmodernism
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:close reading
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:W. K. Wimsatt
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Toulmin model
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:Talking point
1844:
1842:
1841:Speechwriting
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Argumentation
1660:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:De Inventione
1495:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1178:War-mongering
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:Progymnasmata
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Maiden speech
1110:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
994:
993:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
970:
969:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
936:
933:
929:
928:
924:
922:
921:
917:
915:
914:
910:
909:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:
883:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
867:
866:
862:
860:
859:
855:
853:
852:
848:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
834:
833:
832:
829:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
815:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:
781:
777:
776:
772:
771:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:
755:
753:
752:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
735:
731:
730:
722:
721:
714:
713:Modern period
711:
707:
706:
702:
701:
700:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
666:
663:
661:
660:Ancient India
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:Attic orators
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
625:
621:
615:
614:
610:
606:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:
583:
581:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
562:New Criticism
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
450:
448:
444:
440:
432:
431:
426:
425:close reading
422:
417:
410:
405:
403:
401:
395:
393:
392:interlanguage
389:
388:Basic English
385:
380:
378:
373:
372:(1857–1913).
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:
352:
350:
347:(1932), and
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
303:
299:Contributions
298:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
274:Basic English
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
228:
226:
224:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:close reading
177:
173:
169:
168:New Criticism
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
78:
74:
70:
66:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
19:
5140:Semioticians
5074:André Breton
5049:M. H. Abrams
5044:Peter Szondi
5039:Paul Ricoeur
5029:Hayden White
4966:Stanley Fish
4956:Harold Bloom
4906:Noam Chomsky
4861:Ronald Crane
4781:
4767:Leon Trotsky
4672:Walter Pater
4502:Edward Young
4487:Edmund Burke
4377:Rajashekhara
4372:Bharata Muni
4292:Thing theory
4257:Postcritique
4232:Geocriticism
4217:Ecocriticism
4114:Walter Pitts
4019:Marian Mazur
3953:
3894:Cliff Joslyn
3736:Biosemiotics
3542:
3532:
3522:
3492:
3482:
3462:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3359:
3335:Magnificence
3317:
3167:
3133:Schopenhauer
3112:
2968:Coomaraswamy
2886:Philosophers
2874:
2805:Aestheticism
2639:
2632:
2618:
2598:
2558:the original
2553:
2515:
2498:
2493:
2481:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2459:
2450:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2378:
2355:
2317:
2310:
2301:
2289:|last1=
2269:. Retrieved
2264:
2237:M. H. Abrams
2219:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2010:F. R. Leavis
2003:
1993:
1990:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1938:
1910:(the art of
1905:
1786:Glossophobia
1758:
1677:Constitutive
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1391:
1260:Rhetoricians
1173:Stump speech
1090:Invitational
1043:
1028:Dissoi logoi
1026:
1005:Deliberative
997:Controversia
995:
958:
951:
925:
918:
911:
884:
877:
865:Pronuntiatio
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
794:
782:
773:
756:
749:
732:
703:
665:Ancient Rome
584:New rhetoric
566:
557:
553:
543:
539:
521:
513:hermeneutics
510:
501:
489:
481:
480:
472:allusiveness
453:
451:
442:
438:
436:
428:
396:
383:
381:
376:
374:
355:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
310:intellectual
307:
286:
267:
232:
222:
221:(1929), and
218:
212:
202:
199:intellectual
196:
174:movement in
162:, poet, and
155:
148:
147:
114:20th century
81:(1979-09-07)
25:
5130:1979 deaths
5120:1893 births
5099:Octavio Paz
5004:René Girard
4985:Susan Gubar
4971:Edward Said
4951:Paul de Man
4817:Paul Valéry
4752:T. S. Eliot
4737:T. E. Hulme
4712:Umberto Eco
4697:Leo Tolstoy
4687:Oscar Wilde
4467:John Dennis
4452:John Dryden
4049:Qian Xuesen
3929:Gordon Pask
3826:Synergetics
3791:Homeostasis
3731:Biorobotics
3702:cybernetics
3428:(c. 335 BC)
3418:(c. 390 BC)
3397:Work of art
3350:Picturesque
3206:Avant-garde
3163:Winckelmann
3038:Kierkegaard
2963:Collingwood
2933:Baudrillard
2860:Romanticism
2830:Historicism
2764:Mathematics
2554:McGraw-Hill
2038:R. S. Crane
1982:cybernetics
1974:feedforward
1954:Feedforward
1948:Feedforward
1866:Wooden iron
1826:Rhetrickery
1801:Oral skills
1737:Composition
1672:Contrastive
1492:(c. 350 BC)
1482:(c. 350 BC)
1472:(c. 350 BC)
1462:(c. 350 BC)
1452:(c. 370 BC)
1312:Demosthenes
1292:Brueggemann
1227:Ideological
1078:Homiletics‎
991:Declamation
981:Apologetics
831:Five canons
699:Renaissance
682:Middle Ages
548:(1930), by
506:pedagogical
441:(1924) and
366:Umberto Eco
209:C. K. Ogden
207:(1923), by
164:rhetorician
5114:Categories
4677:Émile Zola
4572:John Keats
4492:David Hume
4462:John Locke
3367:Recreation
3345:Perception
3238:Creativity
2938:Baumgarten
2928:Baudelaire
2810:Classicism
2725:Aesthetics
2610:0801834171
2384:17 October
2332:0312148399
2271:2 November
2243:References
2018:Allen Tate
1964:cybernetic
1722:Technology
1712:Procedural
1532:(c. 50 BC)
1518:De Oratore
1382:Quintilian
1377:Protagoras
1232:Metaphoric
1156:Propaganda
1039:Epideictic
953:Sotto voce
907:Persuasion
902:Operations
844:Dispositio
740:Chironomia
400:television
255:psychology
251:philosophy
197:Richards'
188:literature
93:Occupation
58:1893-02-26
4762:Carl Jung
4657:Karl Marx
4362:Boccaccio
4322:Aristotle
4227:Formalism
3781:Emergence
3709:Subfields
3372:Reverence
3278:Eroticism
3248:Depiction
3221:Masculine
3123:Santayana
3083:Nietzsche
3028:Hutcheson
3018:Heidegger
3003:Greenberg
2958:Coleridge
2923:Balthasar
2908:Aristotle
2870:Theosophy
2865:Symbolism
2840:Modernism
2825:Formalism
2524:cite book
2442:143872213
2434:1358-684X
2000:Influence
1958:When the
1920:ambiguity
1916:arguments
1912:discourse
1836:Seduction
1667:Cognitive
1655:Subfields
1582:(100–400)
1337:Isocrates
1277:Augustine
1267:Aristotle
1242:Narrative
1192:Criticism
1137:Philippic
1051:Panegyric
1034:Elocution
1015:Dialectic
935:Situation
796:Facilitas
790:Enthymeme
769:Eloquence
751:Delectare
540:ambiguity
536:ambiguity
498:authorial
362:semiotics
229:Biography
172:formalist
88:, England
86:Cambridge
71:, England
5079:Mina Loy
4347:Boethius
4337:Plotinus
4332:Longinus
3647:Category
3579:Axiology
3448:(c. 500)
3438:(c. 100)
3313:Judgment
3268:Emotions
3263:Elegance
3243:Cuteness
3216:Feminine
3179:Concepts
3148:Tanizaki
3128:Schiller
3113:Richards
3103:Rancière
3073:Maritain
3008:Hanslick
2948:Benjamin
2820:Feminism
2789:Theology
2769:Medieval
2759:Japanese
2754:Internet
2466:12 April
2281:cite web
2231:See also
2087:K. Raine
1908:rhetoric
1707:Pedagogy
1687:Feminist
1458:Rhetoric
1448:Phaedrus
1442:(380 BC)
1392:Richards
1362:Perelman
1210:Pentadic
1205:Dramatic
1149:Suasoria
1127:Diatribe
1068:Forensic
1045:Encomium
1010:Demagogy
879:Imitatio
851:Elocutio
837:Inventio
807:Informal
726:Concepts
653:Sophists
648:Calliope
638:Atticism
633:Asianism
601:Rhetoric
593:a series
591:Part of
524:metaphor
343:(1933),
337:æsthetic
314:linguist
259:rhetoric
235:Sandbach
225:(1936).
217:(1924),
96:Educator
69:Cheshire
65:Sandbach
5094:Hu Shih
4402:Liu Xie
4382:Valmiki
4352:Aquinas
3642:Outline
3557:Related
3424:Poetics
3392:Tragedy
3382:Sublime
3355:Quality
3340:Mimesis
3298:Harmony
3283:Fashion
3258:Ecstasy
3253:Disgust
3169:more...
3138:Scruton
3063:Lyotard
2998:Goodman
2978:Deleuze
2913:Aquinas
2903:Alberti
2876:more...
2855:Realism
2835:Marxism
2815:Fascism
2798:Schools
2784:Science
2739:Ancient
1752:Related
1727:Therapy
1717:Science
1682:Digital
1562:(c. 50)
1552:(46 BC)
1542:(46 BC)
1522:(55 BC)
1512:(80 BC)
1502:(84 BC)
1438:Gorgias
1407:Toulmin
1402:Tacitus
1352:McLuhan
1327:Gorgias
1322:Erasmus
1317:Derrida
1282:Bakhtin
1272:Aspasia
1237:Mimesis
1200:Cluster
1132:Eristic
1122:Polemic
1117:Oratory
1095:Lecture
858:Memoria
802:Fallacy
745:Decorum
692:Trivium
620:History
577:reading
433:(1930).
351:(1934)
141:
133:
129:
4392:Cao Pi
4327:Horace
3548:(2009)
3538:(1977)
3528:(1946)
3518:(1939)
3508:(1935)
3498:(1934)
3488:(1933)
3478:(1891)
3468:(1835)
3458:(1757)
3325:Kitsch
3303:Humour
3233:Comedy
3211:Beauty
3153:Vasari
3143:Tagore
3118:Ruskin
3058:Lukács
3048:Langer
2993:Goethe
2918:Balázs
2898:Adorno
2779:Nature
2744:Africa
2607:
2440:
2432:
2329:
2224:Bombay
2032:, and
1811:Pistis
1806:Orator
1732:Visual
1642:(1970)
1632:(1966)
1622:(1521)
1612:(1305)
1548:Orator
1488:Topics
1417:Weaver
1347:Lysias
1342:Lucian
1332:Hobbes
1307:de Man
1302:Cicero
1100:Public
1083:Sermon
1058:Eulogy
986:Debate
974:Genres
920:Pathos
886:Kairos
873:Hypsos
819:Scheme
784:Eunoia
764:Device
758:Docere
530:, and
476:belief
468:rhythm
411:Theory
184:poetry
119:Spouse
111:Period
4397:Lu Ji
4357:Dante
4317:Plato
3637:Index
3406:Works
3387:Taste
3377:Style
3158:Wilde
3098:Plato
3093:Pater
3053:Lipps
3013:Hegel
2983:Dewey
2973:Danto
2953:Burke
2774:Music
2749:India
2732:Areas
2561:(PDF)
2550:(PDF)
2488:>.
2438:S2CID
2117:Works
2049:Works
1602:(426)
1592:(102)
1430:Works
1397:Smith
1387:Ramus
1372:Plato
1367:Pizan
1297:Burke
1287:Booth
1222:Genre
1217:Frame
960:Topos
945:Grand
940:Style
927:Logos
913:Ethos
897:Modes
824:Trope
528:value
464:value
375:III.
135:(
131:
4997:and
4983:and
4834:and
3361:Rasa
3319:Kama
3293:Gaze
3228:Camp
3108:Rand
3043:Klee
3033:Kant
3023:Hume
2943:Bell
2605:ISBN
2530:link
2468:2019
2430:ISSN
2386:2019
2327:ISBN
2323:1270
2293:help
2273:2019
2016:and
2008:and
1776:Doxa
1572:(95)
1412:Vico
1161:Spin
556:and
532:tone
460:form
382:IV.
354:II.
241:and
170:, a
76:Died
50:Born
3288:Fun
3068:Man
2988:Fry
2422:doi
1980:on
1851:TED
1697:New
1357:Ong
488:of
452:In
323:I.
257:or
5116::
3516:"
3506:"
3476:"
2569:^
2552:.
2538:^
2526:}}
2522:{{
2506:^
2458:.
2436:.
2428:.
2418:12
2416:.
2377:.
2366:^
2354:,
2341:^
2325:.
2285::
2283:}}
2279:{{
2263:.
2251:^
2036:.
2028:,
2024:,
595:on
564:.
526:,
466:,
462:,
449:.
402:.
394:.
253:,
194:.
152:CH
137:m.
67:,
4158:e
4151:t
4144:v
3693:e
3686:t
3679:v
3512:"
3502:"
3472:"
2717:e
2710:t
2703:v
2613:.
2532:)
2470:.
2444:.
2424::
2388:.
2335:.
2295:)
2275:.
2222:(
2089:.
1895:e
1888:t
1881:v
60:)
56:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
