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614:, Dahl felt that the sky was an important part of a landscape painting, and he never grew tired of watching the clouds move over the flat plain. One critic has compared two paintings of Friedrich and Dahl: "In...Dahl's 'Mother and Child by the Sea', there are echoes of Friedrich's 'Woman by the Sea' (1818). Whereas in Friedrich's work a woman dressed for the windy weather sits idly watching five fishing boats sailing past, in Dahl's picture, there seems to be a more personal note, with echoes of his own upbringing in a seafaring community, as the mother and small child eagerly await the return of the little ship from the sea." The same critic has written about one of his paintings of Dresden: "Dahl also commemorated the magnificent Baroque buildings of his adopted city, and a version of his
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landscape he painted in the summer, it was not to show the light and colors of snow; it was to use snow as a symbol of death. As one critic has put it, "Unlike the radically
Romantic works also appearing at the time, Dahl softens his landscape, introducing elements of genre painting by imbuing it with anecdotal materials: In the background a wisp of smoke rises from a cabin, perhaps the home of the hunter on the snow-covered field." Thanks to Sagen's recommendations and to his own personal charm, Dahl soon gained access to the leading social circles in Copenhagen.
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not as art at all, but as a purely mechanical imitation of nature. The only landscapes that could be considered art, according to the academy, were ideal, imaginary landscapes in pastoral or heroic styles. In accordance with this reigning taste, Dahl attempted to give his Danish themes a certain atmospheric character in order to lift them up above what was considered a merely commercial level. But at the same time it was his deepest wish to provide a more faithful picture of
Norwegian nature than were offered by the old-fashioned, dry paintings of Haas and
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207:, the founder of the "golden age" of Norwegian painting. He is often described as "the father of Norwegian landscape painting" and is regarded as the first Norwegian painter to reach a level of artistic accomplishment comparable to that attained by the greatest European artists of his day. He was also the first to acquire genuine fame and cultural renown abroad. As one critic has put it, "J.C. Dahl occupies a central position in Norwegian artistic life of the first half of the 19th century.
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618:(1838) has travelled from the National Museum of Art, Architecture, and Design in Oslo. This small picture, measuring only 18.5 x 34.5 cm (7¼" x 13½"), shows the dome of the Frauenkirche and the tower of the Hofkirche dominating the skyline; silvers and deep blue combine to give it a wonderful jewel-like effect, together with a certain elegiac quality, perhaps indicative of the artist's awareness that his long friendship with Friedrich was nearing an end."
488:(Mountainous Norwegian landscape with river"), garnered great attention among younger artists who considered the striking natural quality of the painting a breath of fresh air on Dresden's stagnant art scene. Another monumental waterfall painting, completed the next year, was lavished with praised by the critic for Kunstblatt who said that Dahl was greater than Jacob van Ruisdael. Dahl was accepted into the Dresden academy in 1820.
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writer has put it this way: "A warm and sociable character, he soon met and became friendly with the more introverted and reclusive
Friedrich, recording how they once walked together in the park of the Grösser Garten among 'many lovely trees of different kinds, and the moon looked beautiful behind the dark fir trees.'"
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Friedrich was fourteen years Dahl's elder and an established artist, but the two found in each other a shared love for nature and a shared enthusiasm for a way of depicting nature that was based on the study of nature itself rather than on the academic cliches that they both profoundly despised. One
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After his success in
Copenhagen, Dahl realized that he wanted to live as an independent, self-supporting artist. One challenge facing him was that the academic preference of the day was for historical paintings with moral messages. Landscapes were considered the lowest kind of art, and perhaps even
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Dahl never formed a "school" around himself, but rather preferred for his students to cultivate their own styles; it was against his principles and his respect for artistic freedom to try to inhibit his students' individuality. It was this impulse toward individuality that later caused him to turn
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In
Dresden, as in Copenhagen, Dahl traveled around the area to draw subjects that could be of use to him in larger works that would be painted later in his atelier. He wrote to Prince Christian Frederik in 1818 that "most of all I am representing nature in all its freedom and wildness." Dahl found
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As Dahl wrote in 1828 to the director of the
Dresden academy, he found the area around Dresden useful for nature studies, but the "real thing" was always missing; that was something he could only find in his mountainous homeland. He viewed himself as a "more Nordic painter" with a "love for
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Dahl held that a landscape painting should not just depict a specific view, but should also say something about the land's nature and character – the greatness of its past and the life and work of its current inhabitants. The mood was often idyllic, often melancholy. When he added snow to a
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As a member of the academy, Dahl always dedicated his time to young artists who sought him out. In 1824 he and
Friedrich were named "extraordinary professors" who had no chair but who received a regular salary. In 1823 Dahl moved in with Friedrich, so that many of his students, such as
311:, whose workshop was the most important one in Bergen at the time. Still, Dahl looked back on his teacher as having kept him in ignorance in order to exploit him, putting him to work painting theatrical sets, portraits, and views of Bergen and its surroundings. Another mentor,
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J.C. Dahl occupies a central position in
Norwegian artistic life of the first half of the 19th century. His Romantic yet naturalistic interpretations of Norwegian scenery were greatly admired in Norway as well as on the European continent, particularly in Denmark and Germany.
271:– and he would later look back at his youth with bitterness. He regretted that he never had a "real teacher" in his childhood and, despite all his spectacular success, he believed that if he had been more fortunate in his birth, he would have achieved even more than he had.
465:(1819), which ranks among his greatest works, and features two "Rückfiguren," or figures seen from behind, solemnly and companionably gazing at a young sickle moon from the edge of an old forest. 'Greifswald in Moonlight' (1816–17) depicts the artist's birthplace in
513:, but felt he should take the prince up on his offer, so he married Emilie quickly and traveled to Italy the next day. He ended up spending 10 months in Italy. Though he missed his bride, the sojourn was a decisive factor in his artistic development. It was in
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Although Dahl spent much of his life outside of Norway, his love for his country is clear in the motifs he chose for his paintings and in his extraordinary efforts on behalf of
Norwegian culture generally. He was, for example, a key figure in the founding of the
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670:, but she, too, died in childbirth in December of that same year. Dahl was crushed, and many months passed before he was able to paint again. Some years later this youngest child also died, leaving Dahl with two surviving children,
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As important as Dahl's studies at the academy in
Copenhagen were his experiences in the surrounding countryside and in the city's art collections. In 1812 he wrote to Sagen that the landscape artists he most wished to emulate were
331:, and for that reason he was studying "nature above all," Dahl's artistic program was, then, already in place: he would become a part of the great landscape tradition, but he would also be as faithful as possible to nature itself.
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who at first thought that this bright student would make a good priest, but then, recognizing his remarkably precocious artistic ability, arranged for him to be trained as an artist. From 1803 to 1809 Dahl studied with the painter
658:(1850), based on studies made earlier, free and adventurous brush strokes represent the cloud-swept sky and broken surface of the water. Here he has moved far away from the purity and intensity of Friedrich's oeuvre."
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Dahl's trip to Norway in 1850 would be his last. He was aging and weak, but continued to paint landscapes in the mountains. This last journey to his homeland resulted in several magnificent works, including
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enough material in the Dresden area to supply motifs for his paintings, but he continued to paint imaginary landscapes with forests, mountains, and waterfalls. One such painting, completed in 1819, entitled
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Dahl continued his studies of nature in the area around Dresden when he had the time, or on longer trips which provided him with themes for his paintings. But most often he painted the view of the
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In 1827 Emilie Dahl died in childbirth while having their fourth child, and two years later two of the older children died of scarlet fever. In January 1830, Dahl married his student Amalie von
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of Denmark, who developed an early interest in Dahl's artistic genius and saw to it that his works were purchased for the royal collection, became a lifelong friend and patron of the artist.
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seacoasts, mountains, waterfalls, sailboats, and pictures of the sea in daylight and moonlight." He longed to return to Norway, but not until 1826 was he able to make a journey home.
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in February 1821. He spent a great deal of time visiting museums, meeting other artists, and painting pictures to sell. In addition to painting sights in Rome and pictures of the
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517:, with its strong southern light, that Dahl's art truly flowered. It forced him to see nature plain, without the mediation of the old masters' renderings of light and color.
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returned from abroad with his paintings of Roman settings; Dahl was impressed at once, and they became good friends and exchanged pictures. Dahl's 1817 painting
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Prince Christian Frederik wrote to Dahl in 1820 from Italy and invited him to join him at the Gulf of Naples. Dahl was at the time courting a young woman named
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Dahl took part in annual art exhibitions in Copenhagen beginning in 1812, but his real breakthrough came in 1815, when he exhibited no fewer than 13 paintings.
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down an offer of a permanent chair at the academy – he didn't want to feel compelled to show up for class when he was busy working on a painting.
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720:(Norwegian: Nasjonalgalleriet), now the National Museum of Art, Architecture, and Design, and donated his own art collection to the institution.
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He made subsequent trips to Norway in 1834, 1839, 1844, and 1850, mostly exploring and painting the mountains, leading to the monumental works
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1514:, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Johan Christian Dahl (no. 12–15)
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The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design - The National Gallery, Oslo has a large collection of his works, including
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469:, on the Baltic coast: bathed in an even, gauzy moonlight, the ancient university town assumes an almost ethereal appearance."
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Dahl died after a brief illness and was buried on 17 October 1857 in Dresden. In 1902, a statue of Dahl by Norwegian sculptor
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Dahl quickly became a member of Dresden's leading circles of poets, artists, and scientists, among them the archeologist
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in September 1818. He arrived with introductions to the city's leading citizens and to major artists such as
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810:. The Bergen Kunstmuseum in Bergen, Norway, contains several of his more prominent works, including
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651:(1842). During his visits to Norway he received "an enthusiastic welcome as a painter of renown."
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and of several other major art institutions in Norway, as well as in the preservation of Norwegian
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marked the real beginning of his lifelong production of oil paintings depicting natural subjects.
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Den Norske Naturfølelse og Professor Dahl. Hans Kunst og dens Stilling i Aarhundredets Utvikling
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in Bergen. In 1934, his remains were brought back to Norway and buried in the cemetery of
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798:. The three honors testify to his extraordinary cultural impact throughout Scandinavia.
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Maleren Johan Christian Dahl. Et stykke av forrige aarhundres kunst- og kulturhistorie
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865:(1851). Significant works (with their titles in Norwegian) include the following:
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1288:"Johan Christian Dahl (1788- 1857) Winter Landscape. Near Vordinburg 1827"
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Dahl came from a simple background – his father was a modest fisherman in
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Many of his works may be seen in Dresden, notably a large picture titled
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Dahl's 1813 copy of it, which again impressed both Moltke and the Prince
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1411:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 731.
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Hans Fredrik Gude: From National Romanticism to Realism in Landscape
183:(24 February 1788 – 14 October 1857), often known as
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Professor Dahl. Et stykke af Aarhundredets Kunst- og Kulturhistorie
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Dahl's 1812 copy of it, which impressed both Moltke and the Prince
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Johan Christian Dahl. 1788-1857 Neue Pinakothek Munchen-1988-1989
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A Seascape. The Coast of the Island of Rügen in Evening Light
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A Seascape. The Coast of the Island of Rügen in Evening Light
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A critic notes Dahl's late stylistic changes: "In his late
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As a boy, Dahl was educated by a sympathetic mentor at the
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Johan Christian Dahl 1788-1857: Life and Works Volume 1-3
1361:"- Permanenten: The West Norway Museum of Decorative Art"
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in 1811 to complete his education at the academy there.
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1329:"Moonrise over Europe JC Dahl and Romantic Landscape"
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outside his windows in various kinds of light. Like
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Painting by Jacob van Ruisdael in the collection of
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4143:Academic staff of the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts
1268:. The Art of the Landscape blog. 20 January 2010
371:Another Ruisdael in Moltke's collection in 1812
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758:(1859–1948) was erected on the facade of the
8:
449:. Drawn during the artist's time in Dresden.
406:, 1824–25, inspired by the artist's friend,
1480:(Scandinavian University Press Publication)
716:Dahl was among the founding fathers of the
555:, who ran a major article on Dahl in 1822.
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199:artist who is considered the first great
4128:Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
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1210:(in Norwegian). trans. Joan Fuglesang.
4133:Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
4029:Romanticism and the French Revolution
7:
1511:Caspar David Friedrich: Moonwatchers
760:West Norway Museum of Decorative Art
541:View towards Vesuvio from Quisisana
53:Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein
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1423:"Bergen Kunstmuseum - Vestlandet"
543:, 1820, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm
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1580:Shipwreck on the Norwegian Coast
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1294:. Statens Museum. Archived from
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1048:Shipwreck on the Norwegian Coast
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502:Shipwreck on the Coast of Norway
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47:Portrait of Johan Christian Dahl
1612:The Stugunøset in the Filefjeld
1157:The Stugunøset in the Filefjeld
766:(Sankt Jakob kirke) in Bergen.
1649:Norwegian romantic nationalism
691:Copenhagen Harbor by Moonlight
674:and Caroline, who married the
463:Two Men Contemplating the Moon
143:Norwegian romantic nationalism
1:
4123:19th-century Norwegian people
4052:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
894:Skibbrudd ved den norske kyst
847:Skibbrudd ved den norske kyst
181:Johan Christian Claussen Dahl
65:Johan Christian Claussen Dahl
27:Norwegian painter (1788–1857)
1503:Johan Christian Clausen Dahl
631:Gewitterstimmung bei Dresden
616:View of Dresden by Moonlight
601:View of Dresden by Moonlight
476:Together with Friedrich and
4118:Norwegian romantic painters
1483:Heilmann, Christoph (1988)
1476:Bang, Marie Lødrup (1988)
420:Den Store Kro i Fredensborg
219:and the restoration of the
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3969:Coleridge's theory of life
718:National Gallery of Norway
486:Norsk fjellandskap med elv
213:Norwegian National Gallery
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4024:Romanticism and economics
2039:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
1094:The Frauenkirche, Dresden
788:King of Norway and Sweden
680:Anders Sandøe Ørsted Bull
553:Artistisches Notizenblatt
404:Megalithic Tomb in Winter
394:Prince Christian Frederik
288:Christian Albrecht Jensen
248:with an Approaching Storm
39:
1804:German historical school
1631:The Eruption of Vesuvius
1572:Winter at the Sognefjord
1016:Winter at the Sognefjord
999:The Eruption of Vesuvius
790:. He also received the
2451:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1408:Encyclopædia Britannica
936:Stugunøset på Filefjell
882:Vinter ved Sognefjorden
863:Stugunøset på Filefjell
839:Vinter ved Sognefjorden
808:Norway and Storm at Sea
786:bestowed on him by the
447:National Gallery of Art
4034:Romanticism in science
3989:Middle Ages in history
3984:List of Romantic poets
2696:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1403:Dahl, Johann Christian
1343:"Johan Christian Dahl"
1262:"Johan Christian Dahl"
1234:"Johan Christian Dahl"
1032:Entrance to Copenhagen
751:
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539:Johan Christian Dahl,
506:
459:Caspar David Friedrich
450:
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408:Caspar David Friedrich
292:
264:
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170:Order of the Dannebrog
4004:Romantic epistemology
3994:Opium and Romanticism
2563:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
1789:Counter-Enlightenment
1604:Birch Tree in a Storm
1505:at Wikimedia Commons
1347:Store norske leksikon
1140:Birch Tree in a Storm
1079:Lyshornet near Bergen
742:
734:Frederiksholms Chanel
732:Johan Christian Dahl
731:
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284:Portrait of J.C. Dahl
282:
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4068:Age of Enlightenment
1710:England (literature)
1549:Johan Christian Dahl
1286:Lederbelle, Thomas.
870:Frederiksborg Castle
744:Statue of J. C. Dahl
246:Frederiksborg Castle
109:German Confederation
34:Johan Christian Dahl
4019:Romantic psychology
1814:Hudson River School
1758:Sweden (literature)
1743:Russia (literature)
1349:. 25 February 2020.
345:Adam Gottlob Moltke
2004:White Mountain art
1945:Historical fiction
1753:Spain (literature)
1596:View from Stalheim
1206:Haverkamp, Frode.
792:Order of Dannebrog
778:Dahl had both the
764:St. Jacob's Church
752:
737:
696:
635:
604:
574:
569:View from Stalheim
545:
507:
451:
443:The Nauwerk Family
412:
302:Johan Georg Müller
293:
265:
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225:Bergenhus Fortress
147:German romanticism
133:landscape painting
4148:Romantic painters
4095:
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4009:Romantic medicine
3979:List of romantics
3418:
3417:
3069:Felix Mendelssohn
3064:Fanny Mendelssohn
2875:
2874:
2589:Rosalía de Castro
2527:Soares dos Passos
1875:Transcendentalism
1839:Nazarene movement
1799:Düsseldorf School
1657:
1656:
1501:Media related to
900:Fra Stedje i Sogn
816:Fra Stedje i Sogn
784:Order of St. Olav
756:Ambrosia Tønnesen
748:Ambrosia Tønnesen
478:Carl Gustav Carus
453:Dahl traveled to
434:Abroad in Dresden
223:in Trondheim and
221:Nidaros Cathedral
178:
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160:Order of St. Olav
105:Kingdom of Saxony
16:(Redirected from
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820:Hjelle i Valdres
711:Hjelle i Valdres
511:Emilie von Bloch
416:C. W. Eckersberg
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201:romantic painter
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3999:Romantic ballet
3974:German idealism
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3923:Lacoue-Labarthe
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3313:Rimsky-Korsakov
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2304:
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1987:Romantic genius
1917:Gesamtkunstwerk
1894:
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1762:
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1623:Painting series
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1459:Aubert, Andreas
1450:Aubert, Andreas
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1487:(Edition Lipp)
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2122:Chateaubriand
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1951:Mal du siècle
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1588:Frogner Manor
1585:
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1448:
1447:
1443:
1429:on 2007-10-16
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1394:public domain
1381:
1378:
1367:on 2011-01-10
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1298:on 2012-04-27
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1239:
1235:
1232:Bang, Marie.
1228:
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1199:
1187:
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1177:
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1158:
1151:
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1142:
1141:
1134:
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1109:Frogner Manor
1104:
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1089:
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1074:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1054:
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1033:
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968:
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948:
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931:
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924:Bjerk i storm
922:
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848:
844:
843:Castellammare
840:
835:
833:
832:Bjerk i storm
829:
828:Stedje i Sogn
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:Notable works
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:Order of Vasa
773:
771:
767:
765:
761:
757:
749:
745:
741:
735:
730:
723:
721:
719:
714:
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687:
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681:
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669:
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621:
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584:
580:
571:
570:
565:
558:
556:
554:
550:
542:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
520:Dahl went to
518:
516:
512:
504:
503:
498:
491:
489:
487:
481:
479:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
448:
444:
440:
433:
431:
429:
423:
421:
417:
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
390:
379:
374:
367:
362:
355:
350:
346:
339:
334:
332:
330:
326:
320:
318:
314:
308:
303:
298:
289:
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281:
274:
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270:
263:
262:
256:
249:
247:
242:
235:
230:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
208:
206:
202:
198:
193:
187:
182:
171:
168:
166:
165:Order of Vasa
163:
161:
158:
157:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
92:
88:
84:
80:
63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
38:
31:
19:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4050:
3770:Porto-Alegre
3659:
3424:Philosophers
3308:Rachmaninoff
2757:Chavchavadze
2747:Baratashvili
2507:João de Deus
2476:Wincenty Pol
2268:Küchelbecker
1996:
1962:Noble savage
1949:
1915:
1890:Wallenrodism
1867:
1853:
1784:Coppet group
1718:(literature)
1629:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1548:
1510:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1453:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1417:
1406:
1380:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:the original
1355:
1346:
1337:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1291:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1242:. Retrieved
1237:
1207:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1155:
1138:
1123:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1063:
1046:
1031:
1014:
997:
982:
965:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
862:
858:
855:Fra Stalheim
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
805:
777:
768:
753:
743:
733:
715:
710:
706:
700:
697:
689:
665:
655:
653:
646:
642:
640:
636:
630:
615:
605:
600:
591:
575:
567:
546:
540:
519:
508:
500:
485:
482:
475:
471:
462:
452:
442:
424:
419:
413:
403:
391:
387:
321:
294:
283:
266:
258:
244:
209:
191:
185:
180:
179:
95:(1857-10-14)
46:
4113:1857 deaths
4108:1788 births
3760:Michałowski
3592:Wackenroder
3557:F. Schlegel
3552:A. Schlegel
3328:Tchaikovsky
3217:Bortkiewicz
3089:R. Schumann
3084:C. Schumann
3049:Kalkbrenner
3018:Saint-Saëns
2323:Anne Brontë
2208:Eichendorff
2193:B. v. Arnim
2188:A. v. Arnim
1998:Weltschmerz
1957:Medievalism
1906:Blue flower
1834:Nationalist
1779:Bohemianism
1691:Romanticism
1634:(1820–1826)
1182:"I.C. Dahl"
1124:Holmestrand
861:(1842) and
830:(1836) and
824:Lysekloster
645:(1836) and
643:Fortundalen
622:Return home
583:Peder Balke
313:Lyder Sagen
305: [
261:Świnoujście
227:in Bergen.
116:Nationality
4102:Categories
3635:Chassériau
3610:Aivazovsky
3318:Rubinstein
3303:Mussorgsky
3252:Wieniawski
3237:Paderewski
3079:Moszkowski
2862:Vörösmarty
2852:Shevchenko
2706:Longfellow
2630:Batyushkov
2625:Baratynsky
2594:Espronceda
2461:Mickiewicz
2456:Malczewski
2423:Wordsworth
2408:M. Shelley
2363:de Quincey
2228:Günderrode
2112:Baudelaire
1992:Wanderlust
1829:Lake Poets
1433:2009-06-07
1371:2011-04-13
1302:2012-02-17
1272:2012-02-17
1244:2012-02-17
1192:2012-02-17
1169:References
662:Later life
579:Knud Baade
559:Mentorship
329:Everdingen
317:Copenhagen
236:Early life
192:I. C. Dahl
186:J. C. Dahl
71:1788-02-24
18:I. C. Dahl
4075:Modernism
3735:Kiprensky
3695:Géricault
3680:Friedrich
3670:Delacroix
3645:Constable
3625:Bonington
3615:Bierstadt
3567:Senancour
3542:Schelling
3497:Lamennais
3492:Khomyakov
3457:Coleridge
3452:Chaadayev
3359:Stanković
3354:Mokranjac
3273:Balakirev
3232:Moniuszko
3181:Donizetti
3176:Cherubini
3074:Meyerbeer
3059:Marschner
3034:Beethoven
2947:Moscheles
2881:Musicians
2867:Wergeland
2832:Orbeliani
2787:Grundtvig
2691:Hawthorne
2660:Zhukovsky
2655:Vyazemsky
2640:Lermontov
2599:Gutiérrez
2558:Radičević
2522:Herculano
2446:Krasiński
2388:Radcliffe
2358:Coleridge
2333:E. Brontë
2328:C. Brontë
2258:Jean Paul
2253:Hölderlin
2142:Lamartine
2079:Magalhães
2069:Guimarães
1977:Pantheism
1967:Nostalgia
1819:Indianism
1767:Movements
1698:Countries
1556:Paintings
942:Måbødalen
906:Hellefoss
851:Hellefoss
812:Måbødalen
702:Måbødalen
678:minister
676:Norwegian
668:Bassewitz
467:Pomerania
428:Lorentzen
197:Norwegian
130:Norwegian
120:Norwegian
4087:Category
3903:Dahlhaus
3888:Blanning
3855:Scholars
3825:Tropinin
3820:Tidemand
3810:Stattler
3805:Scheffer
3705:Głowacki
3675:Edelfelt
3630:Bryullov
3572:Snellman
3547:Schiller
3537:Rousseau
3517:Michelet
3462:Constant
3432:Belinsky
3405:Sibelius
3349:Konjović
3323:Scriabin
3293:Lyapunov
3227:Lipiński
3196:Spontini
3186:Paganini
3130:Goldmark
2921:Thalberg
2916:Schubert
2896:Bruckner
2857:Topelius
2847:Runeberg
2837:Prešeren
2807:Leopardi
2772:Frashëri
2762:Eminescu
2742:Andersen
2650:Tyutchev
2635:Karamzin
2609:Zorrilla
2604:Saavedra
2502:Castilho
2490:Portugal
2481:Słowacki
2383:Polidori
2313:Barbauld
2248:Hoffmann
2203:Brentano
2117:Bertrand
1938:Romantic
1774:Ancients
1748:Scotland
1266:Synopsis
1064:Watzmann
912:Stalheim
857:(1842),
853:(1838),
849:(1832),
845:(1828),
841:(1827),
834:(1849).
826:(1827),
822:(1850),
818:(1836),
814:(1851),
672:Siegwald
648:Stalheim
445:, 1819,
414:In 1816
325:Ruisdahl
291:(c 1815)
259:View of
139:Movement
3928:Lovejoy
3863:Abraham
3785:Richard
3775:Préault
3700:Girodet
3582:Thoreau
3527:Novalis
3512:Mazzini
3507:Maistre
3482:Hazlitt
3467:Emerson
3447:Carlyle
3437:Berchet
3380:Berwald
3375:Bennett
3344:Hristić
3298:Medtner
3278:Borodin
3268:Arensky
3191:Rossini
3166:Bellini
3145:Joachim
3118:Hungary
3099:Strauss
3027:Germany
2993:Berlioz
2962:Voříšek
2957:Smetana
2935:Czechia
2889:Austria
2822:Maturin
2817:Manzoni
2792:Heliade
2767:Foscolo
2737:Alfieri
2732:Abovian
2686:Emerson
2645:Pushkin
2584:Bécquer
2517:Garrett
2471:Potocki
2418:Southey
2378:Maturin
2348:Carlyle
2305:Britain
2278:Novalis
2233:Gutzkow
2181:Germany
2147:Mérimée
2132:Gautier
2059:Barreto
2054:Azevedo
2034:Alencar
2014:Writers
1933:Byronic
1869:Purismo
1723:Germany
1705:Denmark
1642:Related
1470:(1920)
1461:(1894)
1452:(1893)
1444:Sources
1396::
949:Gallery
796:Denmark
455:Dresden
347:in 1812
101:Dresden
3953:Wellek
3933:de Man
3918:Janion
3908:Ferber
3883:Berlin
3878:Beiser
3873:Barzun
3868:Abrams
3845:Wiertz
3830:Turner
3780:Révoil
3765:Palmer
3755:Martin
3750:Leutze
3725:Janmot
3685:Fuseli
3640:Church
3532:Quinet
3522:Müller
3477:Goethe
3472:Fichte
3395:Franck
3337:Serbia
3288:Glinka
3261:Russia
3247:Tausig
3242:Stolpe
3222:Chopin
3210:Poland
3171:Busoni
3135:Heller
3104:Wagner
3039:Brahms
3013:Onslow
3003:Halévy
2971:France
2952:Reicha
2942:Dvořák
2911:Mahler
2906:Hummel
2901:Czerny
2797:Isaacs
2777:Geijer
2711:Lowell
2701:Irving
2681:Cooper
2676:Bryant
2618:Russia
2553:Njegoš
2548:Kostić
2543:Jakšić
2536:Serbia
2466:Norwid
2441:Fredro
2433:Poland
2403:Seward
2293:Uhland
2283:Schwab
2273:Mörike
2263:Kleist
2218:Goethe
2213:Fouqué
2162:Nodier
2157:Nerval
2152:Musset
2104:France
2094:Varela
2089:Taunay
2074:Macedo
2022:Brazil
1972:Ossian
1899:Themes
1738:Poland
1733:Norway
1715:France
1615:(1851)
1607:(1849)
1599:(1842)
1591:(1842)
1583:(1832)
1575:(1827)
1567:(1818)
1390:
1160:(1851)
1143:(1849)
1126:(1843)
1111:(1842)
1096:(1840)
1081:(1836)
1066:(1835)
1051:(1832)
1034:(1830)
1019:(1827)
1002:(1826)
985:(1820)
970:(1818)
944:(1851)
938:(1851)
932:(1850)
926:(1849)
920:(1842)
914:(1842)
908:(1838)
902:(1836)
896:(1832)
890:(1828)
884:(1827)
878:(1826)
872:(1817)
774:Honors
750:(1902)
709:, and
694:, 1846
682:1848.
633:, 1830
585:, and
572:, 1842
530:Norway
505:, 1832
250:, 1814
205:Norway
153:Awards
79:Bergen
55:, 1823
4039:Bacon
3948:Rosen
3943:Ricks
3938:Nancy
3898:Blume
3893:Bloom
3815:Stroy
3800:Saleh
3795:Runge
3745:Lampi
3730:Jones
3720:Hayez
3655:Corot
3620:Blake
3587:Tieck
3577:Staël
3502:Larra
3487:Hegel
3442:Burke
3400:Grieg
3390:Field
3385:Elgar
3368:Other
3201:Verdi
3159:Italy
3150:Liszt
3140:Hubay
3125:Erkel
3109:Weber
3094:Spohr
3054:Loewe
3044:Bruch
3008:Méhul
2998:Fauré
2988:Auber
2983:Alkan
2842:Raffi
2812:Mácha
2802:Lenau
2752:Botev
2725:Other
2577:Spain
2512:Dinis
2398:Scott
2373:Keats
2353:Clare
2343:Byron
2338:Burns
2318:Blake
2303:Great
2288:Tieck
2243:Heine
2238:Hauff
2172:Vigny
2167:Staël
2127:Dumas
2049:Assis
2044:Alves
2029:Abreu
1982:Rhine
1885:Ultra
1728:Japan
1240:. SNL
1188:. NRK
794:from
724:Death
515:Italy
309:]
3913:Frye
3840:Ward
3835:Veit
3790:Rude
3740:Koch
3715:Gude
3710:Goya
3660:Dahl
3650:Cole
2978:Adam
2926:Wolf
2669:U.S.
2568:Zmaj
2198:Beer
2137:Hugo
2084:Reis
2064:Dias
1928:Hero
1863:Post
1824:Jena
1794:Dark
782:and
608:Elbe
522:Rome
327:and
231:Life
90:Died
61:Born
3410:Sor
3283:Cui
2716:Poe
1849:Pre
1844:Neo
1405:".
746:by
203:in
189:or
51:by
4104::
4065:←
1345:.
1311:^
1290:.
1264:.
1253:^
1236:.
1216:^
1184:.
713:.
705:,
581:,
307:no
145:,
107:,
103:,
81:,
4078:→
1683:e
1676:t
1669:v
1541:e
1534:t
1527:v
1436:.
1374:.
1331:.
1305:.
1275:.
1247:.
1195:.
410:.
73:)
69:(
49:,
20:)
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