780:
1195:
1325:
716:
249:
1125:
27:
934:
868:
1370:
3549:
2395:
1362:
3015:
2906:
1121:. The final compromise reached between D'Orlandi and Lewandowski in September included free elections under international control within two years, a South Vietnam government including a broad coalition, and keeping to a policy of neutrality and a final withdrawal of American troops. The peace efforts were halted by the American bombing restarting on Hanoi on December 2 and 4.
3573:
511:
57:
2316:
3561:
46:
111:. After Poland and Italy weakened and both nations came under the influence of expansive foreign powers, the two nations supported each other's independence efforts in the 19th and 20th centuries, and cultural exchanges further intensified and political and economic cooperation strengthened.
431:
Thanks to the traditional tolerance and freedom of Poland and the protection of Polish Kings, some
Italian scholars and scientists settled in Poland and created their inventions or demonstrated experiments and achievements there, even if they contradicted official European science.
977:, despite the threat of being shot on sight by German guards, for both Italians and Poles for such attempts, with confirmed cases of such killings. There were also cases of secret cooperation between Italians and Poles, for example, Italian forced labourers in a factory in
1263:
A conference celebrating the centenary of diplomatic relations between Italy and Poland was held in Rome in 2019. The conference was attended by professors and diplomats from both countries, who described Polish-Italian relations as "excellent".
2102:
699:
that
Italian and Hungarian revolutionaries would help in the event of a Polish uprising. In 1861 with the consent of the Italian government the Polish Military School in Genoa was founded, which trained Polish officers in exile. Moved to
838:
of 1919–1921, and sold large amounts of weapons to Poland, including millions of rifles and bullets, 45 cannons and many uniforms. The
Italian ambassador to Poland, Francesco Tommasini, was the only foreign ambassador (apart from the
930:. Meanwhile, despite little contact between Italians and Poles throughout the war, the Italian Army was believed to be among the most lenient toward Poles and never treated Poles as brutally as their German counterparts.
2124:
779:
2110:
973:). Polish eyewitnesses described Italian prisoners at the Stalag 327 camp in Przemyśl as "looking like skeletons". Poles provided food to starving Italians, as in the Stalag 366 camp in
2277:
1301:
2894:
834:
in modern northwestern Poland. Following the war, in 1918, Poland regained independence, and Italy was the first country in Europe to recognise it. Italy supported Poland in the
2304:
1309:
954:
2132:
2155:
1715:
1585:
1451:
2206:
1809:
1446:
1194:
950:
1222:
827:
3237:
989:, who were then buried by local Poles after the German withdrawal. Thousands of former Italian POWs stayed for several weeks or months after the war in
2887:
2297:
823:
2872:
2271:
3598:
598:
3464:
3150:
911:
3603:
3526:
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2051:
1841:
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received food from Poles in exchange for stolen materials from the factory. Surviving
Italian prisoners were subjected to German-perpetrated
2537:
2019:
1549:
958:
892:
2880:
2851:
2847:
688:
572:, was created by Józef Wybicki, with words promising 'the return of the Polish army from Italy to Poland'. In tribute, the Italian anthem,
3593:
3480:
3438:
3298:
1276:
156:
756:
26:
2856:
2290:
1324:
3074:
2795:
2675:
1215:
2439:
2253:
982:
539:
3232:
3207:
2974:
2459:
1966:
644:. Growing to 120 members by June, the legion was commanded by Kamiński and engaged in several battles. It fought alongside others in
464:(1697–1768), was a Venetian painter who painted 26 views of Warsaw, which were used in rebuilding the city after its nearly-complete
103:
due to the frequent migrations in both directions and substantial cultural exchange, especially given Italy's then leading role as a
1787:
1765:
1249:
1238:
625:
3459:
3383:
3212:
3202:
3187:
3100:
2979:
2599:
2379:
1933:
1110:
923:
3485:
3373:
3242:
3222:
3172:
3167:
3115:
3110:
2785:
2735:
2604:
2589:
2574:
919:
715:
629:
3454:
3368:
3197:
3135:
3084:
3029:
2811:
2760:
2730:
2554:
2495:
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2434:
1283:
in March 2020, and then sent medical supplies to Italy, beginning with 20,000 litres of Polish-produced disinfectants sent to
394:
214:
3413:
3393:
3333:
3283:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3049:
3004:
2984:
2934:
2831:
2609:
2584:
2515:
2469:
2409:
1992:
1608:
815:
in France. The
Italian government and people were friendly towards the Polish troops. Also, during the war, Poles from the
2238:
904:
653:
3539:
3433:
3398:
3378:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3323:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3288:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3247:
3125:
3105:
3079:
2989:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2924:
2770:
2745:
2705:
2665:
2624:
2579:
2564:
2429:
2354:
3501:
2861:
1734:
1342:
1006:
771:
was wounded and died several days later. Francesco Nullo is considered a hero of independence in both Italy and Poland.
3423:
3408:
3403:
3388:
3363:
3358:
3328:
3318:
3293:
3227:
3217:
3157:
3064:
3039:
3034:
2999:
2994:
2790:
2750:
2720:
2695:
2685:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2634:
2559:
2525:
2505:
2485:
2464:
2384:
2374:
2369:
2349:
2334:
2910:
1813:
1441:
1272:
1271:, in March 2020, in gesture of solidarity with Italy, the Italian flag was displayed as an illumination at the Polish
1133:
669:
323:
108:
3418:
3162:
3130:
3120:
3059:
3044:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2780:
2765:
2755:
2725:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2629:
2619:
2544:
2449:
2419:
2414:
2339:
2214:
704:
in May 1862, it was closed in July 1862. The overwhelming majority of officers trained there took part in the Polish
2320:
1436:
1329:
1268:
684:
437:
225:
of 1443–1444, which goal was to repel the
Ottoman invasion of Europe and liberate the already conquered nations of
3145:
3140:
3069:
3054:
2949:
2775:
2715:
2639:
2614:
2594:
2569:
2549:
2510:
2500:
2424:
2364:
2359:
2344:
3428:
1093:
In June to
December 1966, Italian and Polish diplomats bore a joint effort to reach a compromise solution to the
985:
through Polish territory. During one of the marches, the
Germans committed a massacre of six Italian generals at
732:
187:
2532:
2520:
2454:
986:
2444:
1317:
1257:
1106:
997:, with Italians in Oleśnica even organizing artistic shows to which they invited local young Polish activists.
804:
285:
1253:
1040:
559:
1102:
872:
849:
844:
574:
568:
547:
151:
line of the Piast dynasty, who suddenly died in unknown circumstances during travel in
Venzone in 1354. The
248:
970:
855:
661:
515:
835:
148:
1671:
1124:
820:
808:
691:
in 1861. Its commander was Ludwik Mierosławski. Afterwards, Giuseppe
Garibaldi, Ludwik Mierosławski and
477:
465:
382:
299:
252:
2394:
2181:
641:
331:
676:
657:
504:
444:
built a model aircraft, which first took to the air in Warsaw in 1648. Burratini was honored with an
441:
375:
307:
303:
281:
179:
172:
144:
1214:
by a US-led coalition. Poland took part in the invasion operations, Italy only in the post-invasion
2254:
http://ucs.interno.gov.it/FILES/AllegatiPag/1263/INT00041_Anagrafe_Italiani_estero_AIRE_ed_2017.pdf
760:
665:
363:
343:
288:
in 1536–1546. She is also commonly credited with the introduction of some salads and vegetables in
277:
260:
210:
104:
1834:
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
327:
1709:
1579:
1137:
1114:
1022:
961:, where they suffered from malnutrition, infectious diseases, beatings, and mass killings (as in
884:
812:
740:
680:
425:
398:
194:
1248:
arrived in Warsaw to discuss a political alliance between the two nations ahead of the upcoming
876:
1860:
Borek, Paweł (2004). "Obóz jeńców włoskich w Białej Podlaskiej wrzesień 1943 – czerwiec 1944".
2027:
1907:
1865:
1837:
1791:
1480:
1349:
1297:
1199:
1164:
1129:
1048:
974:
933:
915:
867:
816:
744:
709:
613:
551:
457:
433:
421:
335:
198:
1653:
Zdrada, Jerzy (1963). "Stosunki polsko-węgierskie przed powstaniem styczniowym (1859–1862)".
3014:
1383:
1338:
1231:
1227:
1211:
1172:
1163:
have been popular in Poland, sometimes more than in Italy. The Polish songwriter and singer
1118:
1075:
840:
764:
736:
720:
705:
692:
555:
519:
473:
417:
409:
367:
319:
302:
started to spread in the 15th and the 16th centuries. That was a result of Italian artists (
226:
222:
1523:
88:
religion and common fights for independence, have caused many to call the relationship the
3553:
2242:
1014:
748:
621:
594:
590:
563:
531:
488:
359:
355:
273:
168:
1572:
Włosi w Polsce. Tytus Liwjusz Boratyni, dworzanin króla Jana Kazimierza, mincarz i uczony
1391:
978:
589:
Following Austria's conquests and annexations, parts of Poland and Italy belonged to the
2156:"Koronawirus. Polacy solidaryzują się z Włochami. Wyjątkowa iluminacja na PGE Narodowym"
1836:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 311, 323.
1369:
1313:
1245:
1183:
1083:
1043:
has written several texts about Italy like the book "Italian Novellas", an libretto of
500:
413:
289:
270:
206:
202:
152:
115:
85:
3548:
3587:
3577:
1416:
1152:, the first non-Italian pope since the 16th century, and took the name John Paul II.
1145:
783:
Consecration of four banners gifted by Italian cities at the Polish military camp in
523:
402:
136:
3565:
2235:
1279:
in Warsaw. Also, in effort to help Italy, Poland sent 15 doctors and paramedics to
1203:
1056:
888:
633:
469:
256:
218:
1883:
Sula, Dorota (2010). "Jeńcy włoscy na Dolnym Śląsku w czasie II wojny światowej".
1387:
371:
1782:
Wróbel, Janusz (2020). "Odbudowa Armii Polskiej u boku sojuszników (1939–1940)".
1498:
949:
After Italy switched sides to the Allies, many Italian soldiers were interned in
1612:
1094:
1067:
994:
990:
966:
938:
927:
792:
543:
315:
311:
266:
100:
96:
1636:
1361:
342:, the Polish capital until 1611. Polish scientists and poets studied in Italy:
1944:
1044:
535:
2031:
1911:
1869:
1795:
1484:
1168:
739:
of 1863. The unit was named after the Italian revolutionary and nationalist
510:
492:
446:
752:
735:
was a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the
602:
386:
339:
2076:
1902:
Muraca, Ilio (2008). "E quei generali marciavano, marciavano e morivano".
1471:
Siemko, Piotr (2008). "Ostatni Piast kozielsko-bytomski i jego nagrobek".
843:) who stayed in Warsaw the day before the Russian attack on the city (see
759:
on May 3, 1863, and it defeated a Russian force. It then took part in the
412:, both Poland and Venice had fought several wars against the expansionist
175:
from the Cieszyn line of the dynasty, who suddenly died in Italy in 1507.
1423:
1079:
1071:
962:
942:
831:
800:
796:
784:
768:
645:
451:
183:
1280:
1160:
1031:
900:
896:
606:
579:
405:(Polish Post), which has been Poland's main postal company ever since.
347:
160:
140:
1967:"Konferencja z okazji stulecia relacji dyplomatycznych Polski i Włoch"
1027:
A World Apart: Imprisonment in a Soviet Labor Camp During World War II
2905:
1379:
1284:
1098:
1064:
presents adventures of an Italian soldier in German-occupied Warsaw.
1010:
907:
724:
583:
496:
390:
351:
237:
81:
61:
2052:"Salvini: Poland and Italy will be part of the new spring of Europe"
1060:
was the only uncensored Polish movie until 1989. The Polish comedy
755:
from Italy in April 1863. The unit's first battle in Poland was at
338:) who had come to Poland since the late 15th. Most of them came to
2315:
1402:
1368:
1360:
1323:
1193:
1156:
1123:
1087:
932:
866:
819:
of Poland conscripted to the Russian Army and Italians were among
778:
714:
701:
696:
649:
637:
509:
247:
233:
77:
50:
2129:
Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale
1832:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
1186:, which Poland eventually joined in 1999 and 2004, respectively.
546:
in exile, under French command. Their Polish commanders included
139:
were buried in Italian cathedrals. The Saint Andrew Cathedral in
84:. The strong historical ties between both countries, such as the
3506:
1398:
1305:
1179:
1149:
1036:
664:, who had previously fought in Polish uprisings, also commanded
617:
164:
119:
2876:
2286:
1702:
Zarys historji wojennej 12-go Pułku Kresowego Artylerji Polowej
1117:. The peace efforts were supported by Italian Foreign Minister
2103:"Italy's Salvini seeks to build new European order with Poles"
1810:"Bodies of Italian 'traitors' unearthed in Poland - The Local"
221:
were part of a coalition of several European countries in the
2125:"Warsaw: Presidential Palace illuminated with tricolour flag"
2020:"Matteo Salvini says Italy and Poland could build new Europe"
914:
was reconstituted to continue the fight against Germany. The
1171:
and produced several singles in Italian like "Arcobaleno" ("
401:
respectively, thus founding the Royal Post, soon renamed to
811:, who were then allowed to leave Italy and join the Polish
424:
of 1683–1699, Poland and Venice were allies as part of the
114:
Italy has given full support to Poland's membership in the
891:
in 1939. Some of the escape routes of Poles who fled from
534:, many Polish soldiers, officers and volunteers therefore
385:
established the first permanent postal connection between
1864:(in Polish). No. 2. Biała Podlaska. pp. 14–17.
1735:"Wsparcie Włoch dla Polski w wojnie polsko bolszewickiej"
284:
financial independence, she succeeded in taking over the
1993:"Neapol: Polscy żołnierze w Dowództwie Operacyjnym NATO"
1013:, where he married Lidia, a daughter of the philosopher
922:, and 11,379 men died, many of them being buried at the
767:
and suffered heavy casualties. Nullo was killed and his
719:
Memorial to Italian volunteers who fought in the Polish
903:
led through Italy. Via Italy the Poles further reached
1302:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
514:
Plaque commemorating the writing of the lyrics of the
107:, and Poland's position as one of Europe's prosperous
3537:
1167:
performed in Italy in 1969 and 1970, participated in
640:
by a military detachment of Polish emigrants, led by
1310:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1025:, and for various dailies and periodicals. His book
656:. Apart from the Mickiewicz Legion, Polish generals
416:. Following the victory of Polish-led forces at the
3515:
3494:
3473:
3447:
3256:
3093:
3022:
2917:
2840:
2824:
2804:
2648:
2478:
2402:
2327:
1275:in Warsaw, and Italy's name was illuminated on the
1029:was published in Italy in 1958. The Polish journal
33:
1178:Italy strongly supported Poland's efforts to join
538:, especially to Italy and France. They formed the
1906:(in Italian). No. 9. Roma. pp. 21–24.
276:, became in 1518 the second wife of Polish King
1452:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
807:) for soldiers of Polish nationality from the
2888:
2298:
2077:"Italy and Poland in talks on anti-EU league"
1447:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
193:Troops from Poland and the Italian states of
76:are cultural and political relations between
8:
1528:Muzeum Poczty i Telekomunikacji we Wrocławiu
1252:. The idea was met with "satisfaction" from
19:
1348:Both of the countries' largest religion is
1223:The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683
586:oppressions on Poles: "il sangue Polacco".
2895:
2881:
2873:
2801:
2305:
2291:
2283:
1714:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1584:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1637:"Poles in European revolutions 1848-1849"
937:Memorial to Italian POWs who died in the
620:by one of the most notable Polish poets,
578:, mentioned the Polish sacrifice against
163:line of the Piasts, who suddenly died in
1657:(in Polish). No. 54/2. p. 299.
436:publicly performed a vacuum experiment (
3544:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1463:
1296:Both countries are full members of the
1244:In 2019, Italian Deputy Prime Minister
1707:
1666:
1664:
1577:
1382:and three consular correspondents (in
1226:is a Polish–Italian movie directed by
1210:In 2003, both countries supported the
1097:, thanks to the Italian ambassador in
636:for support, Mickiewicz was joined in
616:was a military unit formed in 1848 in
599:Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways
495:who designed a number of buildings in
18:
2274:, History of Italian-Polish relations
1855:
1853:
1786:(in Polish). No. 1–2 (170–171).
1777:
1775:
1695:
1693:
1631:
1629:
1473:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
859:, bear mutual historical references.
689:creation of a united Kingdom of Italy
632:. After unsuccessfully pleading with
562:. It was then that the future Polish
7:
2182:"Polish support for Italian doctors"
1574:(in Polish). Kraków. pp. 13–14.
652:against the royalists to defend the
2154:Mateusz Kozanecki (19 March 2020).
1074:was produced in Poland since 1932,
883:Italy did not approve of Germany's
853:, and the Polish national anthem,
186:line of the Piast dynasty was the
14:
1762:Nekropolia dwóch wojen światowych
1704:(in Polish). Warszawa. p. 3.
1250:2019 European Parliament election
1239:Allied Joint Force Command Naples
1202:met with the President of Poland
924:Monte Cassino Polish War Cemetery
626:First Italian War of Independence
460:, known in Poland and Germany as
143:contains the sarcophagus of Duke
126:Historical and cultural relations
3571:
3559:
3547:
3013:
2904:
2393:
2314:
2018:Giuffrida, Angela (2019-01-09).
1641:Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions
1237:Polish soldiers are part of the
1111:International Control Commission
1017:. He also wrote for the Italian
847:). The Italian national anthem,
763:; with the French, it organised
743:, organised in Italy by his son
99:and have grown closer since the
55:
44:
25:
630:Greater Poland Uprising of 1848
476:visited Poland in 1766. Later,
232:In 1462, the Genoese colony of
1862:Podlaski Kwartalnik Kulturalny
1267:Following the outbreak of the
1105:, and his Polish counterpart,
1054:The Polish–Italian 1946 movie
799:were established in Italy (in
687:, which paved the way for the
240:recognized Polish suzerainty.
1:
3599:Bilateral relations of Poland
3523:Diplomatic missions of Poland
1934:New Lancia Ypsilon from Tychy
1885:Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny
440:) in Warsaw in 1647, whereas
3604:Bilateral relations of Italy
2848:Diplomatic missions of Italy
2211:Ambasciata d'Italia Varsavia
2101:U/K, U/K (January 9, 2019).
1760:Aniszewska, Jolanta (2019).
1530:(in Polish). 18 October 2019
1155:The Italian singers Farida,
1035:was originally published in
951:German prisoner-of-war camps
875:, a Polish bugler plays the
466:destruction by German troops
205:fought together against the
135:Three members of the Polish
2911:Foreign relations of Poland
2857:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2213:(in Polish). Archived from
1442:Foreign relations of Poland
1343:Italian Cultural Institutes
1256:, the leader of the Polish
491:(1792–1877) was an Italian
378:and a number of buildings.
324:Giovanni Battista di Quadro
269:, a member of the powerful
3620:
2321:Foreign relations of Italy
1643:. Retrieved on 2 May 2009.
1437:Foreign relations of Italy
1330:Italian Cultural Institute
1269:COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
685:Expedition of the Thousand
209:invasion of Europe at the
90:Polish–Italian brotherhood
3011:
2391:
2272:Italian Embassy in Warsaw
1700:Turek, Stanisław (1928).
1401:, a general consulate in
1397:Poland has an embassy in
1365:Italian Embassy in Warsaw
1291:Current foreign relations
1241:based in southern Italy.
1007:Gustaw Herling-Grudziński
826:held by the Germans in a
628:after the failure of the
105:cultural center in Europe
95:Relations go back to the
67:
54:
43:
24:
1672:"Polska Szkoła Wojskowa"
1609:"Memoirs, ch. XXI, XXII"
1479:(4). Wrocław: 502, 504.
1415:There are around 98.263
1378:Italy has an embassy in
1318:World Trade Organization
1148:was elected as Catholic
1070:was a Polish car brand.
879:, announcing the victory
805:Santa Maria Capua Vetere
712:of Poland in 1863–1864.
450:, i.e. inclusion in the
420:at the beginning of the
292:(still sometimes called
286:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
20:Italian-Polish relations
2269:(in Italian and Polish)
1764:(in Polish). Szczecin:
1570:Hniłko, Antoni (1922).
1503:encyklopedia.interia.pl
1422:There are around 5.166
1341:in Rome, and there are
1159:, Marco Antonelli, and
873:Battle of Monte Cassino
850:Il Canto degli Italiani
845:Battle of Warsaw (1920)
675:Poles were part of the
624:, who took part in the
601:allowed travel between
575:Il Canto degli Italiani
560:Antoni Amilkar Kosiński
438:Torricelli's experiment
280:. Planning to give the
188:Prince-Bishop of Trento
147:, the last duke of the
3594:Italy–Poland relations
3495:Multilateral relations
2278:Economical cooperation
2236:Poland embassy in Rome
1374:
1373:Polish Embassy in Rome
1366:
1333:
1207:
1141:
959:German-occupied Poland
946:
880:
856:Poland Is Not Yet Lost
788:
728:
527:
516:Polish national anthem
393:, the capitals of the
326:etc.), merchants (the
263:
255:(on the right) at the
155:is the burial site of
74:Italy–Poland relations
1524:"Dzień Łącznościowca"
1372:
1364:
1345:in Warsaw and Kraków.
1327:
1197:
1127:
1078:since 1967 and later
1041:Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz
936:
870:
809:Austro-Hungarian Army
782:
718:
648:and on barricades of
513:
478:Alessandro Cagliostro
383:Sigismund II Augustus
381:In 1558, Polish King
300:Renaissance in Poland
251:
171:contains the tomb of
3238:United Arab Emirates
2862:Ambassadors of Italy
1655:Przegląd Historyczny
1113:), in the so-called
1086:will be produced in
1039:. The Polish writer
918:participated in the
677:International Legion
672:units respectively.
658:Wojciech Chrzanowski
569:Mazurek Dąbrowskiego
548:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
442:Tito Livio Burattini
308:Bartholommeo Berecci
304:Francesco Fiorentino
282:Jagiellonian dynasty
180:Alexander of Masovia
173:Frederick of Cieszyn
157:Władysław of Cieszyn
3516:Diplomatic missions
2841:Diplomatic missions
1904:Patria Indipendente
1635:Pekacz, Jolanta T.
1357:Diplomatic missions
1273:Presidential Palace
1198:President of Italy
1134:Chamber of Deputies
987:Kuźnica Żelichowska
971:Międzyrzec Podlaski
761:Battle of Krzykawka
747:and led by General
683:in 1860 during the
662:Ludwik Mierosławski
364:University of Padua
344:Nicolaus Copernicus
278:Sigismund I the Old
261:Bartolomeo Berrecci
211:Battle of Nicopolis
21:
16:Bilateral relations
2440:Dominican Republic
2241:2009-02-10 at the
1949:Marigold non fiorì
1375:
1367:
1334:
1287:on April 7, 2020.
1254:Jarosław Kaczyński
1216:occupation of Iraq
1208:
1144:In 1978, the Pole
1142:
1138:Italian Parliament
1115:Operation Marigold
1107:Janusz Lewandowski
1103:Giovanni D'Orlandi
1062:Giuseppe in Warsaw
1023:Nicola Chiaromonte
1005:The Polish writer
947:
885:invasion of Poland
881:
789:
741:Giuseppe Garibaldi
729:
681:Giuseppe Garibaldi
528:
399:Republic of Venice
264:
253:Sigismund's Chapel
3535:
3534:
3154:
2870:
2869:
2820:
2819:
2207:"Sieć konsularna"
2160:WP Sportowe Fakty
1843:978-0-253-06089-1
1550:"Magni Valeriano"
1426:living in Poland.
1350:Roman Catholicism
1298:Council of Europe
1200:Sergio Mattarella
1130:Pope John Paul II
1049:Karol Szymanowski
836:Polish–Soviet War
817:Russian Partition
745:Menotti Garibaldi
710:Russian Partition
614:Mickiewicz Legion
552:Karol Kniaziewicz
458:Bernardo Bellotto
434:Valerianus Magnus
422:Great Turkish War
395:Kingdom of Poland
376:Tomaszów Lubelski
336:Filip Callimachus
215:Kingdom of Poland
145:Bolesław of Bytom
71:
70:
3611:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3465:Papua New Guinea
3151:Kurdistan Region
3148:
3017:
2909:
2908:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2874:
2802:
2538:Kurdistan Region
2397:
2319:
2318:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2270:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2131:. Archived from
2121:
2115:
2114:
2109:. Archived from
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:. 7 January 2019
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:. 9 January 2019
2056:www.euronews.com
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1952:
1951:; Florence, 1991
1942:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1829:
1818:
1817:
1812:. Archived from
1806:
1800:
1799:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1676:Encyklopedia PWN
1668:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1611:. Archived from
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1468:
1419:living in Italy.
1339:Polish Institute
1277:National Stadium
1232:Battle of Vienna
1228:Renzo Martinelli
1212:Invasion of Iraq
1173:Over the Rainbow
1119:Amintore Fanfani
1076:Polski Fiat 125p
920:Italian Campaign
887:, which started
841:apostolic nuncio
824:prisoners of war
765:Zouaves of Death
751:. He arrived in
737:January Uprising
733:Garibaldi Legion
721:January Uprising
706:January Uprising
642:Mikołaj Kamiński
474:Giacomo Casanova
428:formed in 1684.
418:Battle of Vienna
410:Late Middle Ages
368:Bernardo Morando
334:) and thinkers (
332:Montelupi family
320:Bernardo Morando
259:was designed by
244:Early modern era
227:Southeast Europe
223:Crusade of Varna
59:
58:
48:
47:
29:
22:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3584:
3583:
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3560:
3558:
3546:
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3536:
3531:
3511:
3490:
3469:
3443:
3252:
3089:
3018:
3009:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2871:
2866:
2836:
2816:
2800:
2644:
2474:
2398:
2389:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2243:Wayback Machine
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2217:on 14 June 2022
2205:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2107:Washington Post
2100:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1831:
1830:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1790:. p. 104.
1781:
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1433:
1412:
1359:
1293:
1192:
1109:(member of the
1015:Benedetto Croce
1003:
916:Polish II Corps
893:occupied Poland
877:Hejnał mariacki
865:
777:
749:Francesco Nullo
622:Adam Mickiewicz
595:Austria-Hungary
591:Austrian Empire
564:national anthem
542:, considered a
532:Napoleonic Wars
489:Antonio Corazzi
486:
452:Polish nobility
360:Klemens Janicki
356:Jan Kochanowski
274:House of Sforza
246:
169:Siena Cathedral
133:
128:
60:
56:
49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3509:
3504:
3502:European Union
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3496:
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3488:
3483:
3481:Czechoslovakia
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3449:
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3439:United Kingdom
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3299:Czech Republic
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2817:
2815:
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2808:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2796:United Kingdom
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Czech Republic
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
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2632:
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2280:
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2264:
2263:External links
2261:
2258:
2257:
2246:
2228:
2198:
2186:Gov.pl website
2173:
2146:
2135:on 27 May 2020
2116:
2113:on 2019-01-09.
2093:
2081:euobserver.com
2068:
2043:
2010:
1997:Wiadomości TVP
1984:
1953:
1937:
1926:
1924:Sula, p. 68–69
1917:
1894:
1875:
1849:
1842:
1819:
1816:on 2014-12-28.
1801:
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1322:
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1314:European Union
1292:
1289:
1246:Matteo Salvini
1191:
1188:
1184:European Union
1165:Czesław Niemen
1084:Lancia Ypsilon
1047:, an opera by
1019:Tempo presente
1002:
999:
975:Biała Podlaska
864:
861:
776:
773:
723:of 1863–1864,
654:Roman Republic
540:Polish Legions
501:Staszic Palace
485:
482:
414:Ottoman Empire
290:Polish cuisine
245:
242:
178:In 1424–1444,
153:Pisa Cathedral
132:
129:
127:
124:
116:European Union
86:Roman Catholic
69:
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3104:
3102:
3099:
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3086:
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3075:United States
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2199:
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2147:
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2053:
2047:
2044:
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2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1972:
1971:Portal Gov.pl
1968:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
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1898:
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1615:on 2010-11-02
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1598:Hniłko, p. 26
1595:
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1028:
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1012:
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983:death marches
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:forced labour
952:
944:
940:
935:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
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902:
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690:
686:
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556:Józef Wybicki
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521:
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517:
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403:Poczta Polska
400:
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272:
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262:
258:
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243:
241:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
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212:
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204:
200:
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189:
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166:
162:
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154:
150:
146:
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137:Piast dynasty
130:
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3208:Saudi Arabia
2975:South Africa
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2380:South Africa
2249:
2231:
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2215:the original
2210:
2201:
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2185:
2176:
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2159:
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2133:the original
2128:
2119:
2111:the original
2106:
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2060:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2024:The Guardian
2023:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1970:
1948:
1940:
1929:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1891:. Opole: 68.
1888:
1884:
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1833:
1814:the original
1804:
1784:Biuletyn IPN
1783:
1768:. p. 8.
1761:
1755:
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1738:
1701:
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1675:
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1613:the original
1603:
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1571:
1565:
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1544:
1532:. Retrieved
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1507:. Retrieved
1502:
1493:
1476:
1472:
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1392:Zielona Góra
1328:Seat of the
1266:
1262:
1258:ruling party
1243:
1236:
1221:
1220:
1209:
1204:Andrzej Duda
1190:21st century
1177:
1154:
1143:
1092:
1082:and others.
1066:
1061:
1057:Wielka droga
1055:
1053:
1030:
1026:
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1004:
948:
910:, where the
889:World War II
882:
863:World War II
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848:
790:
775:20th century
730:
674:
634:Pope Pius IX
611:
588:
573:
567:
529:
505:Teatr Wielki
499:, including
487:
484:19th century
470:World War II
461:
456:
445:
430:
407:
380:
328:Boner family
298:
296:"Italian").
293:
265:
257:Wawel Castle
231:
219:Papal States
192:
177:
134:
113:
109:great powers
94:
89:
73:
72:
3460:New Zealand
3429:Switzerland
3384:Netherlands
3213:South Korea
3203:Philippines
3188:North Korea
3101:Afghanistan
2980:South Sudan
2786:Switzerland
2736:Netherlands
2605:South Korea
2590:Philippines
2575:North Korea
2162:(in Polish)
1999:(in Polish)
1973:(in Polish)
1741:(in Polish)
1678:(in Polish)
1555:8 September
1505:(in Polish)
1499:"Montelupi"
1337:There is a
1095:Vietnam War
1068:Polski Fiat
1009:settled in
939:Stalag II-D
928:Casamassima
912:Polish Army
793:World War I
695:decided in
593:(from 1867
544:Polish army
522:in 1797 in
503:(1820) and
426:Holy League
316:Mateo Gucci
312:Santi Gucci
294:włoszczyzna
267:Bona Sforza
131:Middle Ages
101:Renaissance
97:Middle Ages
3588:Categories
3486:Yugoslavia
3374:Luxembourg
3243:Uzbekistan
3223:Tajikistan
3173:Kyrgyzstan
3168:Kazakhstan
3116:Bangladesh
3111:Azerbaijan
2812:Yugoslavia
2761:San Marino
2731:Montenegro
2555:Kazakhstan
2526:Historical
2496:Bangladesh
2491:Azerbaijan
2435:Costa Rica
2087:2019-01-17
2062:2019-01-17
2037:2019-01-17
1945:Mario Sica
1682:5 February
1619:2011-01-25
1534:5 February
1509:2010-08-14
1458:References
1230:about the
1045:King Roger
679:formed by
408:Since the
3527:in Poland
3455:Australia
3369:Lithuania
3198:Palestine
3136:Indonesia
3085:Venezuela
3030:Argentina
2832:Australia
2610:Sri Lanka
2585:Palestine
2516:Indonesia
2470:Venezuela
2410:Argentina
2032:0261-3077
1912:0031-3130
1870:1234-6160
1796:1641-9561
1710:cite book
1580:cite book
1485:0037-7511
1332:in Warsaw
1312:, of the
1308:, of the
1300:, of the
1169:Cantagiro
1140:) in 2002
1128:Visit of
1021:, run by
957:camps in
813:Blue Army
797:POW camps
666:Sardinian
536:emigrated
493:architect
480:arrived.
462:Canaletto
447:indygenat
370:designed
159:from the
3554:Politics
3414:Slovakia
3394:Portugal
3334:Holy See
3284:Bulgaria
3193:Pakistan
3183:Mongolia
3178:Malaysia
3050:Colombia
3023:Americas
3005:Zimbabwe
2985:Tanzania
2935:Ethiopia
2852:in Italy
2771:Slovenia
2746:Portugal
2706:Holy See
2666:Bulgaria
2625:Thailand
2580:Pakistan
2565:Malaysia
2445:Honduras
2430:Colombia
2403:Americas
2355:Ethiopia
2239:Archived
2221:28 March
2191:28 March
2166:28 March
2139:28 March
2003:28 March
1977:28 March
1745:28 March
1431:See also
1424:Italians
1410:Diaspora
1182:and the
1080:Fiat 126
1072:Fiat 508
1001:Post-war
991:Oleśnica
967:Przemyśl
945:, Poland
943:Stargard
832:Stargard
828:POW camp
801:Chivasso
785:Chivasso
769:adjutant
727:, Poland
670:Sicilian
646:Lombardy
580:Austrian
397:and the
271:Milanese
3540:Portals
3448:Oceania
3434:Ukraine
3399:Romania
3379:Moldova
3349:Ireland
3344:Iceland
3339:Hungary
3324:Germany
3314:Finland
3309:Estonia
3304:Denmark
3289:Croatia
3279:Belgium
3274:Belarus
3269:Austria
3264:Albania
3248:Vietnam
3126:Georgia
3106:Armenia
3080:Uruguay
2990:Tunisia
2970:Senegal
2965:Nigeria
2960:Namibia
2955:Morocco
2925:Algeria
2825:Oceania
2791:Ukraine
2751:Romania
2721:Moldova
2696:Germany
2686:Finland
2681:Denmark
2671:Croatia
2661:Austria
2656:Albania
2635:Vietnam
2560:Lebanon
2506:Georgia
2486:Armenia
2465:Uruguay
2385:Tunisia
2375:Somalia
2370:Morocco
2350:Eritrea
2335:Algeria
1281:Brescia
1161:In-Grid
1132:in the
1032:Kultura
901:Romania
897:Hungary
791:During
787:in 1919
757:Podłęże
708:in the
607:Trieste
597:). The
584:Russian
530:In the
526:, Italy
468:during
362:at the
348:Bologna
207:Ottoman
182:of the
161:Cieszyn
141:Venzone
3578:Poland
3474:Former
3424:Sweden
3409:Serbia
3404:Russia
3389:Norway
3364:Latvia
3359:Kosovo
3329:Greece
3319:France
3294:Cyprus
3257:Europe
3228:Turkey
3218:Taiwan
3158:Israel
3065:Mexico
3040:Canada
3035:Brazil
3000:Zambia
2995:Uganda
2918:Africa
2805:Former
2781:Sweden
2766:Serbia
2756:Russia
2741:Poland
2726:Monaco
2711:Kosovo
2701:Greece
2691:France
2649:Europe
2630:Turkey
2620:Taiwan
2545:Israel
2450:Mexico
2420:Canada
2415:Brazil
2340:Angola
2328:Africa
2030:
1910:
1868:
1840:
1794:
1483:
1388:Zamość
1380:Warsaw
1285:Veneto
1099:Saigon
1011:Naples
979:Zakrze
941:camp,
926:or at
908:France
821:Allied
795:, two
753:Kraków
725:Olkusz
603:Kraków
497:Warsaw
391:Venice
387:Kraków
372:Zamość
352:Witelo
340:Kraków
330:, the
238:Crimea
195:Venice
82:Poland
62:Poland
3566:Italy
3419:Spain
3354:Italy
3163:Japan
3131:India
3121:China
3060:Haiti
3045:Chile
2945:Libya
2940:Kenya
2930:Egypt
2776:Spain
2716:Malta
2640:Yemen
2615:Syria
2595:Qatar
2570:Nepal
2550:Japan
2511:India
2501:China
2425:Chile
2365:Libya
2360:Kenya
2345:Egypt
1477:LXIII
1417:Poles
1403:Milan
1304:, of
1157:Drupi
1088:Tychy
995:Żagań
963:Chełm
702:Cuneo
697:Paris
650:Genoa
638:Milan
234:Caffa
203:Savoy
199:Genoa
184:Płock
149:Koźle
78:Italy
51:Italy
3507:NATO
3146:Iraq
3141:Iran
3094:Asia
3070:Peru
3055:Cuba
2950:Mali
2533:Iraq
2521:Iran
2479:Asia
2455:Peru
2223:2021
2193:2021
2168:2021
2141:2021
2028:ISSN
2005:2021
1979:2021
1908:ISSN
1866:ISSN
1838:ISBN
1792:ISSN
1747:2021
1716:link
1684:2022
1586:link
1557:2024
1536:2022
1481:ISSN
1399:Rome
1390:and
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1180:NATO
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1150:Pope
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969:and
953:and
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803:and
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668:and
660:and
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612:The
605:and
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558:and
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201:and
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