981:
681:
517:
370:
812:
966:
782:
529:
889:
575:, an architect and sculptor from Siena, became the master-builder. He redesigned the plans to give it greater structural integrity and more unified form. The original plan of the facade was modelled after Siena Cathedral. Under Maitani It gradually became a showcase of Gothic art; the interior and upper portions of the facade were decorated with mosaics, sculpted figures and reliefs in marble and bronze. The upper portions of the mosaics on the facade are gilded. In the interior, the most striking features are the banded polychrome columns, and the walls covered with murals.
827:
428:
351:
385:
263:
278:
842:
1082:
797:
614:
55:
412:
1148:
336:
586:
541:
997:
711:
1063:
904:
33:
598:
666:
185:. They built austere churches, first in the Romanesque style and then with Gothic features, but with a complete absence of decoration. The Cistercians banned any form of art, sculpture, or stained glass. Bell towers were absent or very simple. Nothing was permitted that did not have an essential practical purpose. These churches were usually far from the centre of cities. The first Gothic structures in Italy were the Cistercian churches of
648:, with the plan of a high central nave descending in steps downward over the aisles. At the same time, it followed the Italian preference for great interior space. The planning and early work involved an extraordinary number of prominent master masons from across Europe, including Jean Mignot and Nicolas de Bonaventure from Paris, Hans Parler from Germany, and a renowned Italian mathematician, Gabriele Stornaloco.
401:(1215–1263) begun in the mid-13th century, is another major landmark church of early Italian Gothic. Its interior is a mixture of Gothic and Romanesque elements, such as the domed crossing tower, and horizontal banding of the interior columns with polychrome marble. The most striking and original Gothic feature is the decorated screen facade on the west end, with sculptural decoration designed and partly carved by
44:
2039:
980:
247:
2063:
693:
652:
remarkable features include its gigantic columns, whose ornate capitals midway up the columns contain statues; the pale pink marble that faces the interior and exterior; and the forest of stone pinnacles that decorates the upper portions. While the interior is thoroughly
Italianate in style, the exterior is covered with decorative tracery, similar to the Rayonnant style in Northern Europe.
313:, in (1236–30), which was closer to the French Gothic model. It was built of red brick, beginning a tradition in Bologna architecture that lasted for two centuries. The facade was similar to those of Romanesque churches, but inside it had a more Gothic form, with aisles, an ambulatory with radiating chapels, and flying buttresses. Other important early buildings included the
2051:
940:. Other Major examples are found in Siena, Florence and Venice. They illustrated the importance of Italian cities as banking centres, and increasing civic pride. These buildings were open to the exterior, with ground-floor loggias, large upper windows, balconies, and outside staircases, and frequently had large halls that were decorated with fresco painting.
867:, begun in the mid-14th century but greatly expanded in the 1420s, contained the Doge's apartments, council chambers, law courts, a prison, and the meeting hall for the lower house of the Venetian parliament. The ground and first floor had a double colonnade, while the upper floors were decorated with white and pink marble in delicate geometric designs.
506:
the level of the streets around it so it would be more visible. A modified new plan adopted in 1366 called for a massive dome, as wide as the combined nave and aisles, on an octagonal base with three apses. The technical problems of building such a large dome were not solved until the 15th century with a new plan by
578:
A number of churches in this period followed the style of San
Francesco in Bologna, and were built of red brick, plastered on the inside, instead of stone. The architects of many Italian Gothic churches ignored the French Gothic use of flying buttresses and used wooden tie beams across the nave to
505:
The
Cathedral plans were modified between 1357 and 1360 by several committees of painters, sculptors and artists, giving priority to the decoration. The City of Florence took it very seriously as a civic monument, financing it with a tax upon all the male inhabitants of the city, and even lowering
296:
in 1208. Their doctrine called for reaching out to the general population with their message, which meant constructing churches with large naves without any visual obstacles for preaching sermons to large congregations. Unlike
Cistercian churches, they welcomed art in their architecture. The upper
923:
Beginning in the second half of the 13th century, Italy produced more examples of secular Gothic architecture than other parts of Europe. The buildings were frequently constructed by the
Capitano del Populo of each city, an organization that represented the guilds and the wealthy merchants of the
120:
were seldom used. Soaring height was less important than in
Northern Europe. Brick rather than stone was in many areas the most common building material, and marble was widely used for decoration. In the 15th century, when the Gothic style dominated both Northern Europe and the Italian Peninsula,
305:
depicting the lives of the Saints. The
Basilica was in the form of a simple Latin cross, and had none of the aspirations to great height of the French Gothic style. It was built of brick, covered with plaster on the inside. The stained glass windows were reduced in size, simple and colourless.
112:
Italian Gothic (also described and defined as "temperate" Gothic) has characteristics that distinguish it considerably from that of the place of origin of Gothic architecture, namely France, and from other
European countries in which this language has spread (Great Brittany, Germany, Spain).
651:
Construction continued, with many interruptions, over the centuries; it was not finally completed until 1965; the style was kept generally consistent, especially for the exterior, but for example the doors and windows on the front facade have classicizing
Renaissance-Baroque door-frames. Its
201:. Casamari was originally built as a Benedictine church, but was rebuilt entirely to meet the standards of simplicity and austerity of the Cistercians. The Cistercians built several churches throughout the Italian Peninsula, mostly in the countryside. They went as far as
680:
632:, also called the Duomo, was begun in the late fourteenth century. It was one of the most ambitious Italian Gothic cathedrals, and one of the few that adapted many of the structural features of French Gothic, including the
510:. The rather plain original facade was demolished to construct the dome; the present facade was not built until the 19th century. The east end of the cathedral largely retains its original Gothic architecture.
369:
494:, was begun in 1296. It is not exceptionally high, but the interior has a sense of spaciousness created by the merger of the nave and the aisles. The work proceeded very slowly. The campanile, designed by
516:
640:. It also has a highly ornamented exterior, with many pinnacles and crockets, as well as great numbers of statues and reliefs. Work began in 1387, based generally on the plans of two French Cathedrals,
767:, begun in 1340. Built of brick, it featured three naves and an apse with six radiating chapels, and rib vaulting that sprang from massive cylindrical columns. The Dominicans also built a new church,
528:
965:
502:. The campanile is square and decorated in marble with rectilinear panelling, and follows the Italian Romanesque tradition. It was largely modelled after the older baptistery (1060–1150).
811:
350:
781:
882:, or "House of Gold", built between 1421 and 1444 for Marco Contarini. It featured a portico and double gallery that were originally gilded, giving the palace its name.
1040:. The Emperor called upon the architects and craftsmen who had built the Cistercian monasteries to build castles and fortifications. The most important works include the
996:
888:
116:
Italian architects preferred to keep the traditional construction methods established in the previous centuries; architectural solutions and technical innovations of
1441:
1178:
841:
1730:
1203:
659:, built by the rulers of Milan just south of the city, shows a similar extravagantly ornamented style, but now edging into Renaissance classical revival.
826:
427:
736:
855:
The most original examples of
Venetian Gothic were not the churches, but the palatial residences built for the Venetian aristocrats and merchants, The
335:
1081:
1923:
903:
763:
The 14th and 15th centuries saw the construction of a series of new churches in the Venetian Gothic style, including the church of the Franciscans,
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796:
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262:
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1964:
1959:
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2007:
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453:
2012:
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357:
341:
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710:
1367:
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1723:
1696:
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1125:
775:, requiring the construction of a new south facade. It was richly decorated with an assortment of Gothic pinnacles and tabernacles.
725:
585:
951:(1298–1348) and the Torre della Mangia, the tallest municipal tower in Italy. Florence constructed a similar municipal palace, the
2017:
1882:
1799:
1399:
1120:
1025:
217:
1024:
at the beginning of the 13th century, an important civil and military construction programme was promoted by the Sicilian king,
771:(15th century), with three naves separated by columns, and Gothic capitals, arches and decoration. A fire in 1419 badly damaged
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1856:
1814:
1427:
1110:
833:
817:
803:
787:
768:
764:
246:
2055:
955:(1299–1310), though it retained many of the features of a fortress. A major example of a private Florentine palace is the
2043:
1792:
1716:
1414:
1372:
1183:
758:
597:
1601:
Encyclopaedia Britannica on-line, "Western Architecture - Italian Gothic - Milan Cathedral" (retrieved August 28, 2020)
498:, was begun in 1334. Work continued after Giotto's death in 1337, first under Andrea Pisani and then, in the 1350s, by
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1954:
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117:
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54:
2002:
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occupied three centuries, from 1290 to 1591, nearly the entire span of the Gothic period. It was begun by
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A number of major Italian Gothic buildings were begun in the late 13th century and completed in the 14th.
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391:
375:
310:
181:
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1971:
1567:
1553:
1283:
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959:(1370s), next to the Palazzo Vecchio, whose round arches and roofline suggest the coming Renaissance.
956:
225:
179:, which the Cistercians considered too lax. The Cistercians were determined to follow more strictly the
848:
772:
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1997:
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210:
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237:
1303:
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1029:
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318:
1949:
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1755:
1692:
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1654:
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1021:
856:
645:
641:
557:
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491:
194:
77:
32:
1939:
1834:
1829:
1481:
Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Western Architecture, Italian Gothic" (retrieved August 28, 2020)
1404:
1091:
1087:
1049:
943:
Another notable example of Gothic city planning is the fan-shaped Campo, or town square, in
894:
864:
860:
717:
656:
314:
229:
216:
The spread of the French style of Gothic introduced by the Cistercians was resisted by the
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1298:
1115:
1053:
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971:
952:
948:
730:
672:
633:
629:
617:
572:
434:
418:
402:
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253:
186:
85:
69:
910:
879:
1824:
875:
268:
190:
122:
43:
2083:
1866:
1318:
561:
198:
167:
The Gothic style was first introduced into Italy in the 12th century by monks of the
859:
achieved a peak of prosperity in the 15th century, especially after the fall of the
1852:
1323:
507:
176:
175:
Orders. The Cistercian order was founded in France in 1098 as a breakaway from the
1333:
1897:
1877:
1343:
289:
172:
168:
143:
863:
in 1453, which made Venice the trading hub for the Eastern Mediterranean. The
1872:
1338:
534:
The Duomo (15th c.) and Campanile (14th c.) of Florence Cathedral (1296–1366)
1892:
1887:
1268:
637:
1992:
1273:
987:
937:
933:
929:
564:
as a pilgrimage church to display the relic of a proclaimed miracle, the
470:
326:
2024:
1313:
925:
702:
361:
302:
206:
1708:
224:, which preferred a return to the earlier style of architecture under
1409:
1188:
1072:
1045:
740:
495:
202:
568:. The architecture of the facade is in the basic Romanesque style.
1007:
944:
612:
104:
447:
221:
1712:
205:, where they constructed the unfinished basilica of Murgo near
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
924:
city. Major examples included the Capitano del Popolo in
1628:
1626:
686:
Vaulted ceiling and column capitals containing statues
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1503:
1501:
1499:
193:, built on the model of the Cistercian churches in the
309:
The Franciscans constructed another important church,
301:(1228–1253) were decorated with colourful murals by
1980:
1932:
1906:
1845:
1746:
100:
92:
870:Major examples of aristocratic residences include
197:, particularly the original Cistercian church,
1724:
1435:
8:
477:Mature or High Italian Gothic (14th century)
240:in Florence, and was not begun until 1280.
19:
932:, and the massive Palazzo del Capitano, or
158:Late Gothic (from 1385 to the 16th century)
1731:
1717:
1709:
1490:
1442:
1428:
1135:
737:Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
18:
546:The Gothic east end of Florence Cathedral
1924:Gothic secular and domestic architecture
1617:
1507:
1455:
1390:
1359:
1259:
1238:
1212:
1154:
1138:
1058:
961:
919:Civic planning and secular architecture
884:
777:
661:
581:
512:
433:Altar and polychrome marble pillars of
407:
331:
297:parts of their first major church, the
242:
1632:
1589:
1540:
1519:
1469:
847:Gothic roofline of the south facade,
329:, which showed Antelami's influence.
16:Architectural style of Medieval Italy
7:
2050:
236:, a Dominican church, was a copy of
1918:List of Gothic cathedrals in Europe
753:Venetian Gothic (14th–15th century)
358:Basilica of San Francesco of Assisi
342:Basilica of San Francesco of Assisi
299:Basilica of San Francesco of Assisi
232:. The first Gothic church in Rome,
163:Early Italian Gothic (13th century)
1373:North-Eastern Italian architecture
1368:North-Western Italian architecture
1036:grandson of the great Norman king
986:Stairs and inner courtyard of the
14:
1689:A History of Western Architecture
1126:International Gothic art in Italy
726:Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence
454:Basilica of Sant'Antonio of Padua
146:architecture (early 13th century)
2061:
2049:
2038:
2037:
1400:Timeline of architectural trends
1146:
1121:Timeline of Italian architecture
1080:
1061:
995:
979:
964:
902:
887:
878:, but the best-known example is
840:
825:
810:
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691:
679:
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596:
584:
539:
527:
515:
426:
410:
383:
368:
349:
334:
276:
261:
245:
218:hierarchy of the Catholic Church
53:
42:
31:
609:Late Gothic (Late 14th century)
1914:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1857:List of Brick Gothic buildings
1111:Gothic cathedrals and churches
913:on the Grand Canal (1421–1444)
804:Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
788:Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
765:Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
1:
1383:Southern Italian architecture
897:, Venice (mid-14th – 15th c.)
2090:Gothic architecture in Italy
1415:Venetian Gothic architecture
1378:Central Italian architecture
1010:(first half of 14th century)
947:, which is dominated by the
759:Venetian Gothic architecture
591:Facade of Orvieto Cathedral
522:Model of the original facade
1988:Building a Gothic cathedral
1955:Gothic Revival architecture
1668:Martindale, Andrew (1993).
928:, the Palazzo Communale at
20:Italian Gothic architecture
2106:
1352:List of Italian architects
1226:Italian Renaissance garden
1052:protecting the harbour of
1034:Constance, Queen of Sicily
1016:Castles and fortifications
756:
603:Nave of Orvieto Cathedral
579:support the upper walls.
283:Interior of Casamari Abbey
2033:
1863:Early Gothic architecture
1653:(in French). Flammarion.
1179:Renaissance and Mannerist
234:Santa Maria sopra Minerva
155:Mature Gothic (1290–1385)
125:became the birthplace of
24:
1649:Chastel, André (2015) .
1221:List of palaces in Italy
1006:and Torre dea Mangia in
990:in Florence (begun 1255)
746:Basilica di San Petronio
699:Basilica di San Petronio
655:The mostly 15th-century
127:Renaissance architecture
1204:Modern and contemporary
1032:and through his mother
974:(1299–1310) in Florence
444:Santa Maria della Spina
323:Basilica di Sant'Andrea
294:Saint Francis of Assisi
2003:Medieval stained glass
1691:. Barrie and Jenkins.
1687:Watkin, David (1986).
834:Santi Giovanni e Paolo
818:Santi Giovanni e Paolo
769:Santi Giovanni e Paolo
621:
460:San Francesco, Bologna
392:San Francesco, Bologna
376:San Francesco, Bologna
311:San Francesco, Bologna
182:Rule of Saint Benedict
1972:High Victorian Gothic
1672:. Thames and Hudson.
1284:Leon Battista Alberti
1252:Santa Maria del Fiore
1231:Giardino all'italiana
1140:Architecture of Italy
957:Loggia della Signoria
616:
226:Constantine the Great
1998:International Gothic
1294:Filippo Brunelleschi
1247:St. Peter's Basilica
556:The Construction of
211:Province of Syracuse
96:12th to 15th century
1740:Gothic architecture
1568:"Orvieto Cathedral"
1554:"Orvieto Cathedral"
1309:Francesco Borromini
1289:Giacomo della Porta
1213:Palaces and gardens
1132:Notes and citations
1106:Gothic architecture
566:Corporal of Bolsena
467:Santa Maria Novella
271:(rebuilt 1207–1213)
238:Santa Maria Novella
21:
1472:, pp. 166–67.
1304:Michele Sanmicheli
1260:Notable architects
1155:Periods and styles
1038:Roger II of Sicily
1030:Holy Roman Emperor
849:St Mark's Basilica
773:St Mark's Basilica
716:Looking up in the
622:
488:Florence Cathedral
482:Florence Cathedral
356:Nave of the upper
319:Benedetto Antelami
213:, begun in 1225.
2077:
2076:
1950:Dissenting Gothic
1945:Collegiate Gothic
1679:978-2-87811-058-6
1660:978-2-08137-056-2
1452:
1451:
1279:Pietro da Cortona
1022:Kingdom of Sicily
857:Venetian Republic
646:Le Mans Cathedral
642:Bourges Cathedral
558:Orvieto Cathedral
552:Orvieto Cathedral
500:Francesco Talenti
492:Arnolfo di Cambio
360:, with murals by
195:Duchy of Burgundy
177:Benedictine Order
110:
109:
78:Orvieto Cathedral
2097:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2040:
1981:Related articles
1940:Carpenter Gothic
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1444:
1437:
1430:
1405:Sicilian baroque
1150:
1136:
1092:Syracuse, Sicily
1088:Castello Maniace
1084:
1069:Castel del Monte
1065:
1050:Castello Maniace
1042:Castel del Monte
999:
983:
968:
906:
891:
861:Byzantine Empire
844:
829:
814:
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718:Certosa of Pavia
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657:Certosa of Pavia
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588:
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344:(completed 1263)
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315:Parma Baptistery
292:were founded by
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230:Byzantine Empire
57:
46:
35:
22:
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1491:Martindale 1993
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1468:
1457:
1448:
1419:
1348:
1329:Filippo Juvarra
1299:Donato Bramante
1208:
1134:
1116:Venetian Gothic
1102:
1095:
1085:
1076:
1066:
1054:Syracuse, Italy
1018:
1011:
1004:Palazzo Publico
1000:
991:
984:
975:
972:Palazzo Vecchio
969:
953:Palazzo Vecchio
949:Palazzo Publico
921:
914:
907:
898:
892:
876:Palazzo Foscari
851:
845:
836:
830:
821:
815:
806:
800:
791:
785:
761:
755:
731:Palazzo Vecchio
720:
714:
705:
696:
687:
684:
675:
673:Milan Cathedral
669:
636:and the arched
634:flying buttress
630:Milan Cathedral
627:
625:Milan Cathedral
618:Milan Cathedral
611:
604:
601:
592:
589:
573:Lorenzo Maitani
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547:
544:
535:
532:
523:
520:
484:
479:
437:
435:Siena Cathedral
431:
422:
419:Siena Cathedral
415:
405:in 1284–1320.
403:Giovanni Pisano
399:Siena Cathedral
394:
388:
379:
373:
364:
354:
345:
339:
284:
281:
272:
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257:
254:Fossanova Abbey
252:The Cistercian
250:
187:Fossanova Abbey
165:
135:
88:
86:Milan Cathedral
70:Siena Cathedral
63:
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59:
58:
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47:
38:
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36:
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12:
11:
5:
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2020:
2015:
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1995:
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1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
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1969:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1933:Gothic Revival
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
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1827:
1817:
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1807:
1802:
1797:
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1795:
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1780:
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1768:
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1713:
1704:
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1697:
1684:
1678:
1665:
1659:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:, p. 171.
1622:
1620:, p. 155.
1603:
1594:
1592:, p. 170.
1573:
1570:. Wondermondo.
1559:
1556:. Wondermondo.
1545:
1543:, p. 169.
1524:
1522:, p. 167.
1512:
1495:
1493:, p. 147.
1483:
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872:Palazzo Pisani
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757:Main article:
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256:(founded 1208)
251:
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191:Casamari Abbey
164:
161:
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156:
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152:(c. 1228–1290)
147:
134:
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123:Northern Italy
108:
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98:
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76:: Interior of
64:
52:
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50:
41:
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30:
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15:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
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1867:Romano-Gothic
1864:
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1805:Low Countries
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1698:0-7126-1279-3
1694:
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1675:
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1662:
1656:
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1651:L'Art Italien
1647:
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1510:, p. 99.
1509:
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1319:Carlo Maderno
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1239:Notable works
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1218:
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1216:
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1164:Ancient Roman
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946:
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905:
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895:Doge's Palace
890:
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883:
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877:
873:
868:
866:
865:Doge's Palace
862:
858:
850:
843:
838:
835:
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631:
624:
619:
615:
608:
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594:
587:
582:
580:
576:
574:
569:
567:
563:
562:Pope Urban IV
559:
551:
542:
537:
530:
525:
518:
513:
511:
509:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
481:
476:
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468:
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461:
457:
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452:
449:
445:
441:
440:
436:
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393:
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371:
366:
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199:Citeaux Abbey
196:
192:
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183:
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174:
170:
162:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
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132:
130:
128:
124:
119:
118:French Gothic
114:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
56:
45:
34:
23:
2066:
2054:
2042:
1853:Brick Gothic
1782:
1705:
1688:
1669:
1650:
1643:Bibliography
1618:Chastel 2015
1597:
1562:
1548:
1515:
1508:Chastel 2015
1486:
1477:
1391:Other topics
1324:Michelangelo
1194:Neoclassical
1173:
1026:Frederick II
1019:
942:
922:
869:
854:
832:Interior of
802:Interior of
790:(begun 1340)
762:
654:
650:
628:
577:
570:
555:
508:Brunelleschi
504:
485:
397:
390:Interior of
308:
287:
215:
180:
166:
150:Early Gothic
115:
111:
93:Years active
81:
73:
65:
1898:Sondergotik
1878:High Gothic
1633:Watkin 1986
1590:Watkin 1986
1541:Watkin 1986
1520:Watkin 1986
1470:Watkin 1986
1344:Renzo Piano
748:at Bologna.
462:(1236–1263)
421:(1215–1263)
378:(1236–1263)
290:Franciscans
228:and of the
138:Arrival of
1883:Isabelline
1873:Flamboyant
1747:By country
1670:Gothic Art
1339:Aldo Rossi
1169:Romanesque
1028:, who was
733:, Florence
465:Church of
458:Church of
442:Church of
417:Facade of
173:Franciscan
169:Cistercian
144:Franciscan
140:Cistercian
1893:Rayonnant
1888:Manueline
1825:Catalonia
1800:Lithuania
1749:or region
1360:By region
1334:Giò Ponti
1269:Vitruvius
1094:(1232–40)
911:Ca' d'Oro
880:Ca' d'Oro
820:(15th c.)
638:rib vault
2084:Category
2044:Category
1993:Gargoyle
1846:By style
1835:Valencia
1815:Portugal
1776:Southern
1274:Palladio
1100:See also
1048:and the
988:Bargello
938:Florence
934:Bargello
930:Piacenza
671:Nave of
571:In 1309
471:Florence
327:Vercelli
321:and the
133:Timeline
101:Location
2056:Commons
2025:Tracery
2018:Swedish
2008:English
1830:Levante
1766:England
1761:Czechia
1756:Belarus
1314:Bernini
1199:Fascist
1184:Baroque
1075:(1240s)
1020:In the
926:Orvieto
703:Bologna
362:Cimabue
303:Cimabue
209:in the
207:Lentini
2068:Voyage
2013:French
1965:Poland
1960:Canada
1907:By use
1810:Poland
1793:Venice
1771:France
1695:
1676:
1657:
1410:Trullo
1189:Rococo
1174:Gothic
1073:Apulia
1046:Apulia
741:Venice
620:facade
496:Giotto
450:(1230)
203:Sicily
82:bottom
74:center
1820:Spain
1788:Milan
1783:Italy
1008:Siena
945:Siena
936:, in
105:Italy
1693:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1002:The
909:The
874:and
644:and
448:Pisa
288:The
222:Rome
189:and
171:and
142:and
1090:in
1071:in
1044:in
701:in
325:in
317:by
220:in
66:Top
2086::
1625:^
1606:^
1576:^
1527:^
1498:^
1458:^
1056:.
739:,
469:,
446:,
129:.
84::
80:;
72:;
68::
1920:)
1916:(
1869:)
1865:(
1859:)
1855:(
1732:e
1725:t
1718:v
1701:.
1682:.
1663:.
1443:e
1436:t
1429:v
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