866:
bows raised. This increased displacement and significantly reduced speed. During World War II, several programmes were started to upgrade weaponry, in particular anti-aircraft weapons, but none were applied uniformly to all ships in the class. These included full triple 533 mm torpedo mountings, 40 mm guns replaced by greater numbers of 20 mm guns, and replacement of the after torpedo tubes with 37 mm guns. Several ships were adapted for radar but only two received the equipment;
1584:
1542:
327:, a destroyer division could deliver some 1,200 troops with their personal equipment in one night; of 77,741 troops sent to Tunisia by sea between November 1942 and May 1943, some 52,000 were carried by the destroyers, with the loss of less than 700 men (compared to nearly 5,000 troops lost at sea while being carried by merchant ships). At the same time, Italian destroyers were deeply involved in escort missions of supply convoys and
1660:
1572:
1441:
1402:
1618:
1633:
1648:
1512:
1497:
1527:
1603:
1557:
862:, which required space for staff facilities. The class's machinery introduced a unit design, whereby the boilers and engine for one shaft were housed separately from those for the other shaft. Power output was substantially increased in order to deliver the desired speed. A new style of bridge layout and structure was also introduced.
644:. The single 120 mm gun mounting was changed to a twin in 1929 and an additional twin mount was installed sometime before 1942. The 40 mm weapons were an old pattern and they were replaced by two 20 mm. Two more 20 mm and two depth charge throwers were added. In use, the class proved to be unreliable.
1128:
In 1940–1941, the second fire-control directors were removed from those ships that had them. Five ships had an additional single 120 mm gun (Ansaldo 1940 pattern) installed to replace their star-shell gun. The anti-aircraft machine-guns were replaced by 20 mm cannon and further strengthened
1107:
destroyers were built in two batches: twelve commissioned between August 1938 and May 1939, and five between
February and August 1942. The remaining two ships were not completed before the surrender; one was scrapped while under construction and the final one was completed under German
914:
class, various changes resulted in the displacement, as originally built, increasing to 2,150 tonnes. These changes included a larger hull, remodelled bridge, and engine exhausts trunked to a single funnel. Poor stability and engine reliability were serious problems when the ships entered service and
1120:
design, with some modifications giving an increased displacement of 1,645 tonnes. Weapons systems were modified but these were not consistent between all ships of the class. The 120 mm guns remained the main battery, in two twin mountings, fore and aft, but a later pattern was used, the 1936 or
865:
As originally built, the
Navigatori ships were insufficiently stable and too wet. Remedies were applied in two stages, firstly in the mid-1930s when some superficial changes were made to reduce superstructures and move fuel bunkers, and subsequently from 1938 to 1940, when the beam was increased and
853:
classes. Weaponry was reduced to six 120 mm guns in three twin turrets, one of which was amidships. The guns were a new model (Ansaldo 1926 pattern, 50 calibre) and the mountings allowed 45° elevation. The class used two sizes of torpedoes, in two triple banks, each unusually composed of
565:
s and the resultant additional topweight required increases in dimensions and displacement (2,690 tonnes) with the machinery significantly uprated to maintain speed. Main guns and torpedoes were all located along the centre-line, an improvement that allowed all guns to fire to both sides, although
507:
in 1920. The ships of this class were powerful destroyers in the early 1920s, displacing 2,300 tons and armed with eight four-inch guns in single mounts, 450-millimetre (17.7 in) torpedoes, depth charges and mines. Four of the eight guns were mounted along the ships' sides, reducing a broadside to
1032:
Although mainly used as fleet escorts, these ships also laid minefields and escorted convoys. During one such duty, they missed the Battle of
Calabria and were never involved in a major fleet action. Two were lost before the Italian surrender: one torpedoed and one lost in a storm. Another, under
877:
The three squadrons of this class served in the
Mediterranean, escorting North African convoys, laying offensive minefields, bombarding shore targets and screening the fleet. Five ships survived until the Italian surrender, but two of these were sunk in September 1943 after action against a
793:
design, with a larger hull, significantly increased engine power and fuel storage. The result was slightly faster ships with greater range. Armament was unchanged but a greater mine capacity was available. After 1940, the two surviving ships had their old model 40 mm guns replaced by modern
393:
in
November 1942. The intense service of these ships, especially on the dangerous supply routes between Italy and North Africa, resulted in severe losses: of seventy-one Italian destroyers that served during World War II, forty-three were sunk during the war against the Allies, between
981:
s and are sometimes included in that class as the "second group". Displacement was marginally reduced at 2,130 tonnes. The one major alteration was to reduce beam in order to improve their speed, which resulted in reduced fuel capacity and range. They were no more reliable or seaworthy than the
282:
and
Soldati classes were primarily employed as fleet escorts, but not exclusively so, taking part in most battles and operations that involved the Italian battle fleet between 1940 and 1942. Other tasks included mine-laying, convoy escort, anti-submarine, supply transport and anti-shipping.
1028:
were replaced by newer 20 mm ones and subsequently increased in number, and two 37 mm anti-aircraft guns were installed in place of a torpedo-tube mounting. A 120 mm starshell gun was installed on some ships to mitigate the
Italian Navy's disadvantages in night actions.
130:
The maximum speeds of
Italian warships of this period should be viewed with caution, since Italian practice was to run the trials with ships as light as possible, often without armament. This enabled impressive speeds which were unobtainable under operational conditions.
145:, meaning "scouts", was originally given to a class of Italian warship that was between the then-current destroyers and cruisers, in terms of size and firepower. Of the Italian destroyers that saw action in World War II, the ships belonging to the
1145:
Seven modified
Soldati-class ships were ordered in 1940 and laid down from late 1940 to 1941. These ships were equipped with five 120 mm guns (2 twin and one single replacing the star-shell gun of the earlier ships) and additional light AA guns.
331:
missions aimed at defending the main shipping lanes between Italy and
Tunisia; during the Tunisian campaign, Italian destroyers carried out 535 escort missions, 301 transport missions and 132 minelaying missions (laying 4,093 mines overall).
402:(most of the latter were undergoing maintenance or repairs when the armistice was declared, and were scuttled in harbour to prevent them from falling into German hands). Most of the thirteen destroyers that survived the war were ceded to
809:, and used to lay minefields and run supplies from Italy. This was an exposed location and six were sunk before the end of September 1940, most in harbour by naval aircraft. Two survived until the Italian surrender, one (
385:). Twelve additional destroyers were commissioned during the war: five were newly built ships of the Soldati class and seven were captured foreign ships, of which three were Yugoslav ships captured in April 1941 with the
299:
classes were among those that saw most-intense service on these routes. As losses among the less-recent destroyers mounted, modern ones were increasingly used for convoy escort as well, and by late 1942 the majority of the
1121:
1937 Ansaldo. As completed, the anti-aircraft battery consisted of twelve machine guns. Five ships are known to have had a second fire-control director installed aft; two ships are known not have been so fitted. All except
993:
s. They were based at Taranto and also took part in the Battle of Calabria. They also spent much of their time escorting North African convoys, on which duties they were all lost before the Italian surrender.
640:, commissioned in 1926 and 1927, displacing 1,500 tonnes. As completed, these ships had a single 120-millimetre (4.7 inch) gun, four 533-millimetre (21 inch) torpedo tubes, two 40 mm and two
1086:
s operated as fleet escorts for much of the war, being present at the battles of Calabria and Matapan, two being sunk at the latter action. Another was sunk shortly before the Italian surrender. One ship,
42:, a further 15 destroyers were sunk by the Germans or scuttled to prevent capture. 13 destroyers survived the war, most of which were ceded to France and the Soviet Union. 5 were retained by the postwar
1071:. One torpedo-tube mounting was replaced by two 37 mm guns; 20 mm cannon, a 120 mm star-shell gun and depth charge throwers were also installed. Before the end of the war, one ship,
854:
two 533 mm (21 in) separated by one 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo launcher. As originally built, the class retained the older anti-aircraft fit of two 40 mm and four
283:
Destroyers that fell between the two categories, being neither too obsolete, nor modern enough for use with the battle fleet, were tasked with escorting supply convoys between Italy and
1020:
classes. The four ships, commissioned from September to November 1934, were larger at 2,255 tonnes, longer and broader. Engines and armament, as completed, were unchanged from the
539:
four-inch guns and strengthening its anti-aircraft weaponry to eight 20-millimetre machine guns while increasing depth charge capacity. She survived the war and, though assigned to the
1024:
s, but a later version of the 120 mm gun was used, the O.T.O. Pattern 1931. During service, efforts were made to improve the potency of the anti-aircraft weaponry; 40 mm and
587:
when Italy entered the war in June 1940, where they were employed to lay mine fields and to disrupt British convoys, without any success. All were lost by early April 1941.
477:
At the Italian declaration of war in June 1940, the Regia Marina's destroyer force was a mix of outdated ships of World War I design and larger numbers of modern designs.
127:
was clearly inadequate when Italy entered World War II. The chosen answer was 20-millimetre cannon and, in some individual ships, 37-millimetre guns replaced torpedo tubes.
1129:
in 1943. Three ships received two single 37 mm anti-aircraft guns, which replaced the single 120 mm (where installed) and the aft torpedo-tube mountings. One ship,
38:
71 Italian destroyers served during World War II (including those captured from Yugoslavia and France). 43 of these were sunk during the war against the Allies. After
903:
destroyers, commissioned between October 1931 and May 1932, were a reversion to the smaller type of fleet destroyer and were intended to keep pace with the new
1063:; otherwise armament was unchanged. The ships displaced 2,510 tonnes as built. Significant upgrades were made to the weapons systems of the two ships which survived the
732:
class, with a broader beam to allow for the greater weight of weaponry and some layout changes. The machinery remained substantially unchanged and, consequentially, the
1059:
s with increased engine power, which provided only a marginal speed improvement. The obsolete 40 mm anti-aircraft guns were discontinued and replaced by extra
2339:
2053:
1800:
La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale. Vol. VIII: La difesa del traffico con l'Africa Settentrionale dal 1° ottobre 1942 alla caduta della Tunisia
1787:
La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale. Vol. VIII: La difesa del traffico con l'Africa Settentrionale dal 1° ottobre 1942 alla caduta della Tunisia
1155:
66:. This was reflected in the design and construction of its warships, which did not need to withstand open ocean conditions. In 1941, the appropriately named
2092:
323:
were too vulnerable to the Allied offensive, Italian destroyers were extensively used in fast troop-transport missions to Tunisia. Sailing from ports in
103:
classes, which were reserved for less-dangerous tasks. The large destroyer concept had been revived in the mid-1920s, in response to new French designs.
736:
s were no more reliable. They displaced 1,625 tonnes, with four 120 mm guns and six 533 mm torpedo tubes. Secondary armament, 40 mm and
20:
comprised a mix of old warship designs dating from World War I and some of the most modern of their type in the world. These destroyers (Italian:
2907:
390:
73:
Italian destroyer designs followed differing design paths. At one end, a torpedo boat design was developed into a series of destroyer classes (
2509:
561:"esploratori" were commissioned in 1924, and were reclassified as destroyers in 1938. Their armament was upgraded from that of the preceding
113:) that was the basis for improvement and standardisation. Subsequent classes showed incremental changes that improved reliability and the
2488:
878:
German convoy and another was scuttled in port to avoid capture by the Germans. One was captured by the Germans and served with them as
2844:
2085:
570:
fire to either side. Eight 4.7-inch guns (120 mm – the new standard for Italian destroyers, introduced during World War I by the
2858:
2837:
1727:
1708:
919:
s, except that an improved version of the 120 mm gun was installed (Ansaldo 1926 pattern). Later, the obsolete 40 mm and
2851:
2373:
2217:
2112:
2046:
411:
346:
2768:
2357:
2078:
923:
were replaced by 20 mm (65 calibre) machine guns. In one ship, a torpedo mounting was replaced by two 37 mm guns.
123:
The original anti-aircraft weaponry, consisting of mixtures of obsolete 40-millimetre Vickers cannon (designed in 1917) and
1583:
663:
for much of the war. They laid minefields and escorted convoys and were involved in actions against British operations off
2365:
2235:
2210:
2119:
946:
340:
162:
2736:
1373:
1199:
1174:
1060:
1025:
920:
855:
737:
641:
634:
124:
1632:
262:-class, built in the early 1920s) were mainly used as escort ships on the less-dangerous routes (mainly between Italy,
2623:
2039:
743:
The four destroyers were based in the Red Sea to attack British convoys. All were lost by early April 1941, when
1659:
1170:
The Regia Marina also operated some destroyers built for foreign navies, captured from either France or Yugoslavia.
2689:
2427:
2301:
2203:
1676:
1240:
1214:
848:
834:
146:
161:. They were reclassified as destroyers by 1940. The Regia Marina initially classified yet another group of ships (
2774:
2699:
2616:
2565:
2495:
2434:
2405:
2320:
2266:
2242:
2181:
2126:
1006:
489:
364:
242:
114:
92:
2704:
1037:, joined the Allies and was involved in actions against the Germans and survived into post-war Italian service.
2609:
2595:
2523:
2413:
2397:
2389:
1571:
370:
358:
1617:
1647:
837:
destroyers were commissioned between December 1929 and May 1931. They were a modern form of the earlier
2746:
2658:
2551:
2481:
2454:
2420:
2381:
2334:
2313:
2306:
2294:
2160:
1541:
1234:
1186:
1104:
971:
898:
783:
376:
352:
248:
230:
107:
86:
2741:
2665:
2630:
2602:
2588:
2581:
2544:
2502:
2327:
2189:
1227:
1205:
1064:
1049:
934:. Otherwise, their main role was convoy protection. Three were lost before the Italian surrender and one,
842:
395:
386:
304:
and Soldati-class ships were also being primarily used for escort, transport and minelaying duties in the
236:
39:
1331:
2823:
2709:
2637:
2558:
2516:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2196:
1221:
722:
627:
576:
555:
316:
98:
91:) that were comparable with their British contemporaries. There were also large destroyers of the older
80:
74:
2651:
2644:
2537:
2530:
2146:
1295:
1125:
had a 120 mm star shell gun amidships. All ships had two triple 21-inch torpedo-tube mountings.
531:
was mined and sank off the Greek coast near Cape Dukato in 1941. During 1942–43, the remaining ship,
1511:
2830:
1496:
1363:
1526:
2723:
2694:
2153:
931:
904:
571:
458:
271:
186:
915:
remedies were attempted which, in turn, led to fuel contamination. Weaponry was the same as the
251:
each, and Destroyer Divisions 14, 15 and 16 were made of four Navigatori-class destroyers each.
31:
During the war, Italian destroyers were responsible for the safe flow of convoys to supply the
2677:
1837:
1723:
1704:
683:
466:
312:
2031:
1602:
910:. Achieving such speeds required greater engine power. Despite their design origins with the
789:
destroyers were commissioned in 1927 and 1928. These ships were a further development of the
247:(Division 10) classes, respectively; Destroyer Divisions 11, 12 and 13 were composed of four
2681:
2070:
1556:
1325:
604:
584:
382:
305:
225:-class destroyers, Destroyer Divisions 7, 8, 9 and 10 consisted of four ships each from the
1091:, survived to serve with the Allies and was subsequently transferred to France and renamed
441:
Of the fifty-eight Italian destroyers lost during World War II, fourteen were sunk by
2751:
2731:
536:
435:
399:
43:
394:
10 June 1940 and 8 September 1943, and another fifteen were lost following the
1055:
destroyers were commissioned between July and December 1937. They were effectively
2789:
1357:
1319:
120 millimetre (4.7 in), 50 calibre Ansaldo 1940 Pattern (some Soldati, 1st group)
728:
destroyers were commissioned in 1926 and 1927. They were developments of the preceding
335:
At the outbreak of World War II, the Italian Navy had 59 destroyers (not including 67 "
1440:
1401:
515:
s reflected their age when Italy entered the war, and were used to lay minefields off
2901:
2172:
2138:
1833:
806:
672:
170:
659:
and transferred just as Italy declared war. The remaining two were stationed in the
2349:
2062:
1686:
707:
612:
540:
407:
336:
284:
190:
63:
55:
671:. In the latter case they carried the explosive motorboats that seriously damaged
580:
class) were mounted in four twin turrets and torpedo tubes were now 21 inch.
543:
by the peace treaty, she was refused due to her old age and was scrapped in 1951.
465:
and six captured, most of them in harbour while undergoing repairs, following the
58:(Royal Italian Navy) were expected to be enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean,
771:) had to be scuttled after engine defects forced her to abort the same mission.
141:
32:
2026:
2782:
2104:
1276:
1193:
764:
660:
592:
454:
328:
275:
28:(an Italian designation for large destroyers approaching light cruiser size).
977:
destroyers, commissioned between June and September 1932, were modified
2466:
2258:
1681:
1159:
952:
608:
504:
462:
450:
320:
1316:
120 millimetre (4.7 in), 1936 & 1937 Patterns (Soldati, 1st group)
1158:
were ever launched. Twenty were ordered for the Regia Marina and nine were
1033:
repair at the surrender, was scuttled to avoid German capture. The fourth,
755:
in October 1940 after a failed attack on a British convoy, while two (
591:
ran aground and was sunk by her sisters. After an abortive mission against
926:
At Italy entered the war, the four ships formed the 7th Squadron based at
2810:
2446:
1774:
La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943
1761:
La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943
679:
442:
2817:
2803:
1482:
1076:
1012:
destroyers was a largely successful attempt to eliminate faults of the
927:
744:
699:
520:
516:
446:
263:
214:
209:-class destroyers, Destroyer Division 4 consisted of the two remaining
202:
59:
35:
armies in North Africa and for the suppression of British submarines.
2796:
1328:(original fit for most classes, steadily replaced by 20mm/65 calibre)
802:
687:
664:
656:
524:
403:
324:
267:
798:
had one triple torpedo tube mounting replaced by a 37 mm gun.
339:" that were either downrated WWI-era small destroyers, such as the
822:
668:
2035:
319:
caused the loss of 1,500 soldiers in one night and showed that
1435:
1396:
1309:
120 millimetre (4.7 in), 50 calibre O.T.O. 1931 Pattern (
841:, displacing 2,650 tonnes, and were a response to the French
763:) were sunk by British planes during a last failed attack on
221:-class destroyers, Destroyer Division 6 consisted of the two
189:
or Divisions) of four ships of one class. When Italy entered
381:
classes, comparable in size, armament and use to the Allied
389:, and four were French ships raised and repaired after the
1720:
Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
254:
During the war, the older destroyers (such as the WWI-era
213:-class destroyers, Destroyer Division 5 (stationed in the
201:-class destroyers, Destroyer Division 3 (stationed in the
858:. Fifty-six mines were carried, except for the flagship,
197:. Destroyer Divisions 1 and 2 were each composed of four
1832:
Unless otherwise stated, all displacements are given in
1220:– 2 former French destroyers captured in November 1942,
767:, shortly before the fall of Massawa, and the last one (
120:
were the template for the following twenty-three ships.
1451:
1412:
1322:
120 millimetre (4.7 in), 15 calibre star-shell gun
986:
s. Their anti-aircraft gunnery was similarly improved.
710:, later sunk by Allied planes on 12 October 1944.
193:, on 10 June 1940, the Regia Marina had sixteen
24:) also varied in size from enlarged torpedo-boats to
535:, was rearmed to escort convoyes, removing its four
2760:
2722:
2676:
2574:
2474:
2465:
2445:
2348:
2257:
2228:
2180:
2171:
2137:
2103:
2069:
1388:533 millimetres (21 in) (Navigatori, Soldati)
169:—ocean scouts—but they were later reclassified as
1865:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
989:These ships' service was closely similar to the
882:. One ship survived the war in Italian service.
821:joined the Allies and was subsequently sunk off
740:were unchanged at the time of their early loss.
308:, leaving few destroyers with the battle fleet.
1360:20-millimetre, 65 calibre (Navigatori, Soldati)
1268:120 millimetre (4.7 in) M1918/19 Pattern (
181:Italian destroyers were usually organised into
955:, were built for the Greek Navy, based on the
2047:
495:destroyers were commissioned in 1916–1917 as
278:), whereas the more modern destroyers of the
8:
566:two turrets were placed amidships and could
1701:The British Empire and the Second World War
1385:450 millimetres (17.7 in) (Navigatori)
106:At the end of the 1920s, a design emerged (
70:foundered in a storm off Cape Spartivento.
2471:
2177:
2063:Italian naval ship classes of World War II
2054:
2040:
2032:
813:) was captured by the Germans and renamed
527:, relatively "safe" duties. Despite this,
1294:120 millimetre (4.7 in), 50 calibre
2009:
2007:
1905:
1903:
1079:radar and additional 20 mm cannon.
457:, five by accidental causes, and one by
1988:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1893:
1891:
1828:
1743:
1492:
938:, was captured by the Germans (renamed
391:scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon
18:Italian destroyers of World War II
1850:
1848:
1846:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1867:, Naval Institute Press, 1985, p. 266
1374:Breda Model 1931 13.2 mm machine guns
870:had the Italian EC3/ter Gufo set and
274:and the Axis-occupied islands in the
7:
469:and the German occupation of Italy.
414:; only five destroyers (the WWI-era
583:All three were part of the Italian
1239:– former French destroyer of the
177:Active service during World War II
14:
1722:. London: Arms and Armour Press.
1326:Vickers 40 millimetre, 39 calibre
1204:– former French destroyer of the
1196:destroyers captured in April 1941
157:classes were originally rated as
2908:World War II destroyers of Italy
2882:Reclassified obsolete destroyers
1658:
1646:
1631:
1616:
1601:
1582:
1570:
1555:
1540:
1525:
1510:
1495:
1439:
1400:
1703:. London: Hambledon Continuum.
1156:Comandanti Medaglie d'Oro class
1150:Comandanti Medaglie d'Oro class
1067:, similar to those made to the
801:All of the class were based at
40:Italy surrendered to the Allies
794:10 mm ones. In addition,
195:Squadriglie Cacciatorpediniere
54:The operational areas for the
1:
1275:120 millimetre (4.7 in)
1137:radar set installed in 1943.
1179:– former Yugoslav destroyer
874:had the German FuMo 26/40G.
1366:20 millimetre, 70 calibre (
434:) were left to the postwar
287:; ships of the Navigatori,
2924:
1677:List of Italian destroyers
1298:1926 Pattern (Navigatore,
2869:
2340:Comandanti Medaglie d'Oro
1246:captured in November 1942
1211:captured in November 1942
1116:The first batch took the
1061:13.2 mm machine guns
1026:13.2 mm machine guns
921:13.2 mm machine guns
856:13.2 mm machine guns
738:13.2 mm machine guns
642:13.2 mm machine guns
519:and to escort convoys to
369:classes, or ships of the
1699:Jackson, Ashley (2006).
249:Soldati-class destroyers
217:) was made of the three
205:) consisted of the four
1149:
418:, the Navigatori-class
1448:This section is empty.
1409:This section is empty.
1338:, individual ships of
1183:captured in April 1941
1065:Battle of Cape Matapan
396:Armistice of Cassibile
387:Invasion of Yugoslavia
1798:Giuseppe Fioravanzo,
1785:Giuseppe Fioravanzo,
1718:Whitley, M J (2000).
1665:Batch 2 Soldati class
1653:Batch 1 Soldati class
930:and they were at the
501:Carlo Alberto Racchia
317:Battle of Skerki Bank
163:Capitani Romani class
2876:Single ship of class
1772:Giorgio Giorgerini,
1759:Giorgio Giorgerini,
1641:class or Poeti class
872:Lanzaretto Malocello
633:ships were enlarged
422:and the more modern
167:esploratori oceanici
125:13.2 mm machine guns
2724:Motor torpedo boats
2013:Whitley, pp.169–170
2001:Whitley, pp.169–171
1935:Whitley, pp.162–164
1909:Whitley, pp.160–161
1876:Whitley, pp.158–159
1332:Breda 37 millimetre
1005:Development of the
647:Two of this class,
638:class torpedo boats
459:motor torpedo boats
187:Destroyer Squadrons
2219:Duca degli Abruzzi
2027:Italian Destroyers
932:Battle of Calabria
860:Nicolosso Da Rocco
782:Eight 1,700 tonne
751:) was sunk by HMS
603:, both damaged by
503:) was lost in the
412:Paris Peace Treaty
272:Italian Dodecanese
22:cacciatorpediniere
2895:
2894:
2860:Sebastiano Caboto
2718:
2717:
2490:Ettore Fieramosca
2253:
2252:
2094:Giuseppe Miraglia
2071:Aircraft carriers
1863:Robert Gardiner,
1838:full displacement
1468:
1467:
1429:
1428:
1133:, had an Italian
684:Italian surrender
653:Giovanni Nicotera
467:Italian armistice
445:, ten by surface
420:Nicoloso Da Recco
383:destroyer escorts
313:Tunisian Campaign
241:(Division 9) and
191:World War II
2915:
2853:Ermanno Carlotto
2472:
2375:Giuseppe Sirtori
2178:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2014:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1981:
1978:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1936:
1933:
1922:
1919:
1910:
1907:
1898:
1895:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1841:
1830:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1733:
1714:
1662:
1650:
1635:
1620:
1605:
1586:
1577:Navigatori class
1574:
1559:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1499:
1463:
1460:
1450:You can help by
1443:
1436:
1424:
1421:
1411:You can help by
1404:
1397:
945:Four ships, the
835:Navigatori class
829:Navigatori class
698:was captured in
696:Francesco Crispi
686:in 1943, German
649:Bettino Ricasoli
585:Red Sea Flotilla
410:by order of the
321:troop transports
306:Sicilian Channel
139:The designation
50:Design evolution
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2865:
2756:
2714:
2672:
2570:
2461:
2441:
2344:
2249:
2237:Capitani Romani
2224:
2167:
2133:
2114:Conte di Cavour
2099:
2065:
2060:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1831:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1730:
1717:
1711:
1698:
1695:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1654:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1627:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1597:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1395:
1382:
1354:, some Soldati)
1258:
1253:
1251:Weapons systems
1168:
1152:
1143:
1114:
1101:
1046:
1003:
968:
908:-class cruisers
895:
831:
780:
769:Cesare Battisti
749:Francesco Nullo
719:
655:, were sold to
624:
607:aircraft, were
552:
529:Carlo Mirabello
486:
475:
436:Marina Militare
400:Operation Achse
258:-class and the
179:
137:
52:
44:Marina Militare
12:
11:
5:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2173:Light cruisers
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2141:
2139:Heavy cruisers
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:External links
2019:
2016:
2015:
2003:
1994:
1992:Whitley, p.168
1982:
1980:Whitley, p.167
1970:
1968:Whitley, p.166
1958:
1956:Whitley, p.154
1949:
1947:Whitley, p.165
1937:
1923:
1921:Whitley, p.161
1911:
1899:
1897:Whitley, p.160
1887:
1885:Jackson, p.283
1878:
1869:
1856:
1854:Whitley, p.158
1842:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1752:
1750:Whitley, p.157
1742:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1715:
1709:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1446:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1358:Breda Model 35
1355:
1334:, 54 calibre (
1329:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1292:
1279:1926 Pattern (
1273:
1266:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1232:
1212:
1197:
1184:
1167:
1166:Captured ships
1164:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1113:
1110:
1100:
1097:
1045:
1044:or Poeti class
1039:
1002:
996:
967:
961:
894:
884:
868:Leone Pancaldo
830:
827:
779:
773:
718:
712:
692:Quintino Sella
623:
617:
569:
551:
545:
533:Augusto Ributy
485:
479:
474:
471:
416:Augusto Riboty
235:(Division 8),
229:(Division 7),
178:
175:
171:light cruisers
136:
133:
51:
48:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2920:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:Rosolino Pilo
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2350:Torpedo boats
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:metric tonnes
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1729:1-85409-521-8
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1710:1-85285-417-0
1706:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:Depth charges
1392:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:, Soldati(?))
1369:
1365:
1364:Scotte-Isotta
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:4 inch (
1260:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:Soldati class
1099:Soldati class
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1075:, had German
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
987:
985:
980:
976:
974:
965:
962:
960:
958:
954:
951:
949:
948:Kountouriotis
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
913:
909:
907:
902:
901:
892:
888:
885:
883:
881:
875:
873:
869:
863:
861:
857:
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
836:
828:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Italian Libya
804:
799:
797:
792:
788:
786:
777:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
761:Daniele Manin
758:
757:Nazario Sauro
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
725:
716:
713:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
637:
632:
630:
621:
618:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
578:
573:
567:
564:
560:
558:
549:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
506:
502:
498:
494:
492:
483:
480:
478:
472:
470:
468:
464:
461:. Eight were
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:torpedo boats
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
245:
240:
239:
234:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
143:
134:
132:
128:
126:
121:
119:
117:
112:
110:
104:
102:
101:
96:
95:
90:
89:
84:
83:
78:
77:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
49:
47:
45:
41:
36:
34:
29:
27:
23:
19:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2767:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2511:Pietro Micca
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2455:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2243:
2236:
2218:
2212:Duca d'Aosta
2211:
2205:Montecuccoli
2204:
2197:
2190:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2127:
2121:Andrea Doria
2120:
2113:
2093:
2086:
2079:
1997:
1952:
1881:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1719:
1700:
1693:Bibliography
1687:Regia Marina
1638:
1623:
1608:
1593:
1589:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1517:
1502:
1476:EC3/ter Gufo
1459:January 2011
1456:
1452:adding to it
1447:
1420:January 2011
1417:
1413:adding to it
1408:
1367:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1269:
1262:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1154:None of the
1153:
1144:
1141:Second group
1134:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
990:
988:
983:
978:
972:
969:
963:
956:
947:
944:
939:
935:
925:
916:
911:
905:
899:
896:
890:
886:
879:
876:
871:
867:
864:
859:
849:
843:
838:
832:
818:
814:
810:
800:
795:
790:
784:
781:
775:
768:
760:
756:
752:
748:
742:
733:
729:
723:
720:
714:
708:Kriegsmarine
703:
702:and renamed
695:
691:
674:
652:
648:
646:
635:
628:
625:
619:
613:Saudi Arabia
600:
596:
588:
582:
575:
562:
556:
553:
547:
541:Soviet Union
532:
528:
512:
510:
500:
496:
490:
487:
481:
476:
440:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
408:Soviet Union
377:
371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
334:
315:, after the
310:
301:
296:
292:
288:
285:North Africa
279:
259:
255:
253:
243:
237:
231:
226:
222:
218:
210:
206:
198:
194:
182:
180:
166:
158:
154:
150:
140:
138:
129:
122:
115:
108:
105:
99:
93:
87:
81:
75:
72:
67:
64:Gulf of Aden
56:Regia Marina
53:
37:
30:
25:
21:
17:
15:
2776:San Giorgio
2625:Settembrini
2475:Ocean-going
2182:Condottieri
2105:Battleships
1479:FuMo 26/40G
1192:– 2 former
1123:Carabiniere
1112:First group
839:esploratori
833:The twelve
747:fell: one (
499:, but one (
497:esploratori
449:, eight by
432:Carabiniere
311:During the
183:Squadriglie
159:esploratori
142:esploratori
135:Esploratori
26:esploratori
2467:Submarines
2302:Navigatori
2259:Destroyers
1802:, page 59.
1789:, page 45.
1738:References
1242:Bourrasque
1069:Maestrales
765:Port Sudan
593:Port Sudan
451:submarines
428:Granatiere
329:minelaying
276:Aegean Sea
147:Navigatori
2888:Cancelled
2618:Argonauta
2575:Sea-going
2497:Archimede
2447:Corvettes
2407:Curtatone
2322:Maestrale
2268:Mirabello
2087:Sparviero
1776:, p. 426.
1763:, p. 426.
1682:Destroyer
1624:Maestrale
1592:class or
1503:Mirabello
1380:Torpedoes
1348:Maestrale
1311:Maestrale
1263:Mirabello
1181:Dubrovnik
1160:laid down
1131:Fuciliere
1108:colours.
1103:Nineteen
1093:D'Estaing
1082:The four
1057:Maestrale
1048:The four
1008:Maestrale
999:Maestrale
970:The four
953:destroyer
897:The four
753:Kimberley
690:sank the
682:. At the
626:The four
605:Swordfish
574:-ordered
563:Mirabello
513:Mirabello
505:Black Sea
491:Mirabello
482:Mirabello
453:, six by
366:Curtatone
297:Maestrale
256:Mirabello
244:Maestrale
223:Mirabello
151:Mirabello
116:Maestrale
94:Mirabello
2902:Category
2846:Barletta
2839:Albatros
2811:Ramb III
2611:Bragadin
2597:Bandiera
2525:Marcello
2456:Gabbiano
2399:Generali
2391:Palestro
2191:Giussano
2128:Littorio
1671:See also
1194:Yugoslav
959:design.
706:for the
694:, while
680:Suda Bay
636:Palestro
609:scuttled
572:Romanian
463:scuttled
447:warships
443:aircraft
406:and the
360:Palestro
68:Scirocco
62:and the
2825:Eritrea
2818:Ramb IV
2804:Ramb II
2790:Taranto
2678:Coastal
2660:Acciaio
2553:Marconi
2483:Balilla
2429:Ciclone
2383:La Masa
2335:Soldati
2315:Folgore
2308:Freccia
2296:Turbine
2198:Cadorna
2162:Bolzano
1609:Folgore
1590:Freccia
1563:Turbine
1489:Gallery
1483:Seetakt
1344:Folgore
1340:Freccia
1336:Turbine
1304:Folgore
1300:Freccia
1296:Ansaldo
1289:Turbine
1216:Guépard
1188:Beograd
1176:Premuda
1077:Seetakt
1035:Grecale
1018:Folgore
991:Freccia
984:Freccia
979:Freccia
973:Folgore
964:Folgore
957:Freccia
928:Taranto
917:Turbine
912:Turbine
900:Freccia
887:Freccia
850:Guépard
811:Turbine
796:Turbine
785:Turbine
776:Turbine
745:Massawa
700:Piraeus
688:E-Boats
597:Pantera
521:Albania
517:Taranto
473:Classes
424:Grecale
354:La Masa
348:Sirtori
293:Folgore
289:Freccia
264:Albania
232:Folgore
227:Freccia
215:Red Sea
203:Red Sea
199:Turbine
109:Freccia
88:Turbine
60:Red Sea
2797:Ramb I
2769:GM 194
2682:midget
2667:Flutto
2632:Sirena
2604:Squalo
2590:Pisani
2583:Mameli
2546:Liuzzi
2504:Glauco
2436:Ariete
2359:Audace
2329:Oriani
2148:Trento
2080:Aquila
1726:
1707:
1639:Oriani
1565:class
1520:class
1368:Oriani
1352:Oriani
1277:O.T.O.
1207:Chacal
1118:Oriani
1089:Oriani
1084:Oriani
1073:Oriani
1051:Oriani
1042:Oriani
950:-class
844:Jaguar
803:Tobruk
665:Rhodes
661:Aegean
657:Sweden
577:Aquila
554:Three
525:Greece
488:Three
404:France
325:Sicily
302:Oriani
280:Oriani
270:, the
268:Greece
238:Oriani
2832:Diana
2761:Other
2639:Perla
2560:Cagni
2518:Calvi
2415:Spica
2289:Sauro
2282:Sella
2275:Leone
2229:other
1626:class
1611:class
1596:class
1594:Dardo
1550:class
1548:Sauro
1535:class
1533:Sella
1518:Leone
1505:class
1471:Radar
1432:Mines
1285:Sauro
1281:Sella
1270:Leone
1244:class
1236:FR 31
1229:FR 24
1223:FR 21
1218:class
1209:class
1201:FR 22
1190:class
1053:class
1022:Dardo
1014:Dardo
1010:class
1001:class
975:class
966:class
936:Dardo
893:class
891:Dardo
823:Leros
791:Sella
787:class
778:class
734:Sauro
730:Sella
726:class
724:Sauro
721:Four
717:class
715:Sauro
669:Crete
631:class
629:Sella
622:class
620:Sella
601:Tigre
589:Leone
559:class
557:Leone
550:class
548:Leone
508:six.
493:class
484:class
455:mines
372:Spica
260:Sella
219:Leone
211:Sella
207:Sauro
165:) as
155:Leone
111:class
100:Leone
82:Sauro
76:Sella
2783:Bari
2747:MTSM
2653:Argo
2646:Adua
2539:Brin
2532:Foca
2422:Orsa
2244:Etna
2155:Zara
1724:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1256:Guns
1226:and
1135:Gufo
1016:and
940:TA31
906:Zara
880:TA44
847:and
819:Euro
815:TA14
759:and
704:TA15
675:York
673:HMS
667:and
651:and
611:off
599:and
568:only
537:beam
523:and
511:The
430:and
398:and
378:Orsa
375:and
363:and
342:Pilo
295:and
153:and
97:and
85:and
33:Axis
16:The
2752:VAS
2732:MAS
1836:as
1454:.
1415:.
942:).
889:or
678:at
2904::
2742:MT
2737:MS
2710:CM
2705:CC
2700:CB
2695:CA
2006:^
1985:^
1973:^
1961:^
1940:^
1926:^
1914:^
1902:^
1890:^
1845:^
1807:^
1350:,
1346:,
1342:,
1302:,
1287:,
1283:,
1162:.
1095:.
825:.
817:.
805:,
615:.
595:,
438:.
426:,
357:,
351:,
345:,
291:,
266:,
173:.
149:,
79:,
46:.
2885:×
2879:*
2873:S
2690:H
2680:/
2566:R
2410:*
2402:*
2394:*
2386:*
2378:*
2370:*
2362:*
2055:e
2048:t
2041:v
1840:.
1732:.
1713:.
1461:)
1457:(
1422:)
1418:(
1313:)
1306:)
1291:)
1272:)
1265:)
185:(
118:s
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