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1322:, in southern Italy. Their initial intention was to move army headquarters out of Rome with the King and the Prime Minister, but few staff officers reached Brindisi. Meanwhile, the Italian troops, without instructions, collapsed and were soon overwhelmed. Some small units decided to stay loyal to the German ally. From 8 to 12 September, the German forces occupied all of the Italian territory that was still not under Allied control, except
914:
1495:"shoved off from La Spezia escorted by three light cruisers and eight destroyers". When German troops, who had stormed into the town to prevent the ships from sailing, became enraged by the ships' escape, "they rounded up and summarily shot several Italian captains who, unable to get their vessels underway, had scuttled them". That afternoon, German bombers attacked the ships sailing without
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1055:, maintained that the Army Corps deployed around Rome was insufficient to protect the city because of the lack of fuel and ammunition and that the armistice had to be postponed. Badoglio did not pronounce himself in the meeting. In the afternoon, he appeared before the King, who decided to accept the armistice conditions.
878:), which contained a proposal to restore direct control of politics to the King. After the Council, held on 25 July 1943, a majority vote adopted the "order of the day", and Mussolini was then summoned to meet the King and dismissed as prime minister. Upon leaving the meeting, Mussolini was arrested by
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The signing ceremony began at 14:00 on 3 September. Castellano and Bedell Smith signed the accepted text on behalf of
Badoglio and General Eisenhower, respectively. The armistice includes that all Italian land, air, and naval forces must cease hostilities against the Allies. A bombing mission on Rome
935:
to contact Allied diplomats. However, to open the proceedings, the Allies had to determine who was the most authoritative envoy, and the three generals had started to quarrel about who had the highest authority. In the end, Castellano was admitted to speak with the
Alliesat the British Embassy to set
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An agreement between the Allies and the
Italians in late September provided for some of the Navy to be kept in commission; however, the battleships were to be reduced to care and maintenance and effectively disarmed. Italian mercantile marine vessels were to operate under the same general conditions
1314:(Italian Royal Army) had not been informed about the armistice, and no clear orders had been issued about the line of conduct to be taken in the face of the German armed forces. Some Italian divisions that should have defended Rome were still in transit from southern France. The king, along with the
1100:
On 2 September, Castellano set off again to
Cassibile with an order to confirm the acceptance of the Allied conditions. He had no written authorization from Badoglio, the head of the Italian government, who wanted to dissociate himself as much as possible from the forthcoming defeat of his country.
1267:
Only after the signing had taken place was
Castellano passed the long terms contained in the "Instrument of Surrender of Italy.", which General Campbell had presented to another Italian general, Zanussi in Lisbon. Zanussi, who had also been in Cassibile since 31 August, for unclear reasons had not
1089:, the German armed forces, which had long since begun to suspect that Italy was seeking a separate armistice. The Germans contacted Badoglio, who repeatedly confirmed the unwavering loyalty of Italy to its German ally. The Germans doubted his reassurances, and the
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The day the armistice entered into force was linked to a planned landing in central Italy and was left to the Allies' discretion. Castellano still understood that the date was intended to be 12 September, and
Badoglio started to move troops to Rome.
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Badoglio still considered it possible to gain favourable conditions in exchange for the surrender. He ordered
Castellano to insist that any surrender of Italy be conditioned on a landing of Allied troops on the Italian mainland. The Allies held only
1514:
The Navy's turnover proceeded more smoothly in other areas of Italy. When an Allied naval force headed for the large naval base of
Taranto, it watched a flotilla of Italian ships sailing out of Taranto Harbour towards their surrender at Malta.
1296:
into airports around the city. Badoglio told the delegation that his army was not ready to support the landing and that most airports in the area were under German control. He asked for a deferral of the armistice of a few days. When
General
1330:, without meeting organized resistance. In Rome, an Italian governor, with the support of an Italian infantry division, nominally ruled the city until 23 September, but in practice, the city was under German control from 11 September.
1459:
until July 1943). There was a danger that some of the Navy might fight on, be scuttled, or (most concerningly for the Allies) end up in German hands. As such, the truce called for
Italian warships on Italy's west coast, mostly at
1034:. It soon became evident that the two sides in the negotiations had adopted somewhat distant positions. Castellano pressed the request for the Italian territory to be defended from the inevitable reaction of the German
1356:
The Allies failed to take full advantage of the Italian armistice and were quickly checked by German troops. In terrain that favoured defence, the Allied forces took 20 months to reach the northern borders of Italy.
1268:
informed Castellano about them. Nevertheless, Bedell Smith explained to Castellano that the other conditions would have taken effect only if Italy had not taken on a fighting role in the war alongside the Allies.
1292:
On 7 September, a small Allied delegation reached Rome to inform Badoglio that the next day would have been the day of the armistice. He was also informed about the pending arrival of the American
870:(the 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari), the second most powerful man in the Fascist Party and Mussolini's son-in-law. The conspirators devised an "Order of the Day" for the next meeting of the
1285:(Italy's Royal Air Force), with the War Ministers and with the King's representatives. However, he omitted any mention of the signing of the armistice and referred only to ongoing negotiations.
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and his Fascist officials must be handed over the United Nations, and all Italian land, air, and naval forces must surrender unconditionally. The armistice signed at Malta was considered the
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sank with the loss of nearly 1,400 men. Most of the remaining ships made it safely to North Africa "while three destroyers and a cruiser which had stopped to rescue survivors, docked in
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learned that, the landing in Rome of American troops was cancelled, but the day of the armistice was confirmed since other troops were already en route by sea to land in southern Italy.
1368:, held out some weeks after the armistice. Still, without any determined support from the Allies, all had been overwhelmed by the Germans by the end of September 1943. On the island of
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851:(1st Count of Mordano), one of the leading members of the Fascist hierarchy who, in his younger years, had been considered the sole credible alternative to Mussolini as leader of the
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Although, the Armistice of Cassibile signed at Sicily was considered the 'shorter' version of the whole armistice. On 29 September. The longer version of the armistice was signed at
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on 12 September. The Italian forces were forcefully disbanded in the north and centre of the country, with most of Italy being occupied by the Germans, who established a
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The appointment of Badoglio did not change the position of Italy as Germany's ally in the war. However, many channels sought a peace treaty with the Allies. Meanwhile,
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In other cases, individual Italian units, mostly more minor, remained loyal to the Axis powers. Many of the units formed the nucleus of the armed forces of the puppet
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for United Kingdom, Giuseppe Castellano for Italy, Walter Bedell Smith for US, and Franco Montanari, the Italian interpreter for Castellano, at Cassibile, Sicily.
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990:. It was vital for the Germans to remain ignorant of any suggestion of Italian surrender, and the SOE was the most secure method under the circumstances.
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855:. The King was also motivated by the suspicion that the Count of Mordano's ideas about Fascism might be changed abruptly. Various ambassadors, including
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When the armistice was announced by Allied radio on the afternoon of 8 September, German forces immediately attacked Italian forces by executing
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On 27 August, General Castellano returned to Italy and, three days later, briefed Badoglio about the Allied request for a meeting to be held in
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Armistice with Italy: Employment and Disposition of Italian Fleet and Merchant Marine (Cunningham-de Courten Agreement) 23 September 1943
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led by Mussolini. The king, the Italian government and most of the Navy fled to southern Italy under the protection of the Allies. An
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by 500 airplanes was stopped at the last moment and had been Eisenhower's inducement to accelerate the procedure of the armistice.
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1429:(Italian Royal Air Force) virtually disintegrated with the announcement of the armistice on 8 September. The Allies coveted the
1044:. Moreover, the actions were to be conducted contemporaneously with the signing, not to precede it, as the Italians had wanted.
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In the spring of 1943, preoccupied with the disastrous situation of the Italian military during the war, the Italian dictator,
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against Italy after the signing. In return, he received only vague promises, including launching a parachute division over
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after it had resisted German forces. A similar fate awaited 103 Italian officers of the 50th Infantry Division
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892:). However, Grandi had been told that another general of more significant personal and professional qualities (
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Robert Wallace & the editors of Time-Life Books, The Italian Campaign, Time-Life Books Inc, 1978. p. 57
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That evening Castellano met with Allied officers to discuss what the Italian Government should do. General
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between Italy and the Allies. It was signed by Badoglio and Eisenhower, aboard the British battleship HMS
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as the Allies. In all cases, the Italian vessels would retain their Italian crews and fly Italian flags.
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The following day, Castellano was received by Badoglio and his entourage. Italy's Foreign Minister,
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On the afternoon of the same day, Badoglio had a briefing with the senior commanders of the
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The Avalon Project at Yale Law School: Terms of the Armistice with Italy; September 3, 1943
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1345:. The day after the armistice had been made public, 9 September, the Allies made landings
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910:, officially to help defend Italy from Allied landings but really to control the country.
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To ease communication between the Allies and the Italian government, a captured British
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for Italy, the armistice's signing took place at a summit in an Allied military camp at
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1396:, with British reinforcements, would the resistance last until November 1943, and in
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840:, removed several figures from the government whom he considered to be more loyal to
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30:"Italian armistice" redirects here. For the 1918 armistice with Austria-Hungary, see
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in early October 1943 after the Germans captured the island. Only on the islands of
17:
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1051:, declared that the Allied conditions were to be accepted. Other generals, such as
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and other Allied staffs looking on, in the Fairfield military camp in Cassibile.
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1988:
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1468:, to sail for North Africa and to pass Corsica and Sardinia and for those at
1437:(Italian Royal Navy), with its 206 ships in total, including the battleships
859:
himself, proposed the vague possibility of succeeding Mussolini as dictator.
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and Badoglio, fled Rome on the early morning of the 9th and took shelter in
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1666:. United States Army in World War II: Mediterranean Theater of Operations.
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1686:]. Collana di storia contemporanea (in Italian). Bologna: Il Mulino.
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941:
940:. Among the representatives of the Allies were the British Ambassador to
813:, the new Prime Minister of Italy after the fall of Mussolini from power.
960:(British Army, Eisenhower's assistant chief of staff for intelligence).
847:
To help the execution of his plan, the King asked for the assistance of
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1179: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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that the armistice had been signed "without amendments of any kind".
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was sent to the Allies. The message, however, was intercepted by the
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Una nazione allo sbando: l'armistizio italiano del settembre 1943
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Some of the Italian troops based outside Italy, in the occupied
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1400:, Italian troops forced the German troops to leave the island.
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A Nation in Disarray: The Italian Armistice of September 1943
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by the Italians but for the Allies. It was considered as the
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Supplemented by memorandum of agreement of September 23, 1943
967:, which had been suggested by the British Ambassador to the
101:
signing the armistice on behalf of Badoglio, with General
888:. Badoglio became President of the Council of Ministers (
1333:
On 3 September, British and Canadian troops crossed the
1255:
General Giuseppe Castellano shaking hands with General
1002:
Allied and Italian representatives from left to right:
105:(on his right) at Fairfield military camp in Cassibile.
2434:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1133:(of Mediterranean Air Command), Strong, and General
956:(US Army, Eisenhower's chief of staff) and brigadier
1129:(commander 12th Air Force USAAF), Brigadier General
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1596:Howard McGaw Smyth, "The Armistice of Cassibile",
1547:Additional Conditions for the Armistice with Italy
1483:At 02:30, on 9 September, the three battleships
86:The armistice of the Italian state to the Allies
1764:Centro Studi della Resistenza dell'Anpi di Roma
1788:
1430:
1337:and began landing in the southernmost tip of
1272:
1026:, in Sicily, by plane and was transferred to
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8:
5139:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
704:that was signed on 3 September 1943 between
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27:1943 armistice between Italy and the Allies
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1753:Il diario del generale Giuseppe Castellano
817:After the surrender of the Axis powers in
313:
299:
291:
79:
34:. For the 1940 armistice with France, see
1730:] (in Italian). Milano: V. Bompiani.
1259:after signing the armistice with General
1239:Learn how and when to remove this message
1662:Garland, Albert N; Smyth, Howard McGaw.
1709:] (in Italian). Milano: U. Mursia.
1589:
3620:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1121:presided over the meeting with Smith,
716:. It was made public five days later.
4491:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3923:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3569:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3525:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2630:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1503:. Several ships suffered damage, and
1093:started to devise an effective plan,
739:. The armistice was approved by both
7:
5124:Military history of Syracuse, Sicily
5119:Peace treaties of the United Kingdom
3613:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2645:Rape during the liberation of France
1177:adding citations to reliable sources
936:the conditions for the surrender of
906:sent several divisions south of the
168:Treaty of peace of February 10, 1947
5134:Treaties entered into force in 1943
5114:Peace treaties of the United States
1071:signing the armistice with General
801:Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy
723:for the Allies and Brigade-General
3839:German invasion of the Netherlands
2119:Weather events during World War II
948:, and two senior officers sent by
924:Three Italian generals (including
884:and spirited off to the island of
791:emerged in German-occupied Italy.
152:Public announcement on 8 September
25:
4470:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1664:Sicily and the Surrender of Italy
986:Prison and secretly moved to the
899:) would have taken the position.
862:The secret rebels later involved
762:attacking Italian forces in Italy
5030:
1578:Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947
1563:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
1551:Instrument of Surrender of Italy
1153:
273:
260:
246:
224:
211:
190:
179:
91:
45:
5094:Italian campaign (World War II)
1529:Italian Instrument of Surrender
1164:needs additional citations for
719:It was signed by Major-General
57:Italian Instrument of Surrender
4717:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2427:Territorial changes of Germany
2335:Indonesian National Revolution
1762:8 Settembre 1943, l'armistizio
1755:, La Sicilia, 8 settembre 2003
1724:Come siamo arrivati a Brindisi
1703:25 luglio, crollo di un regime
1568:German Instrument of Surrender
1541:. The agreement includes that
71:Proposed since September 2024.
1:
5144:Italy–United States relations
4117:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4068:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3832:German invasion of Luxembourg
2213:Mediterranean and Middle East
1707:25 July, Collapse of a Regime
1522:
1423:(Italian Royal Army) and the
1279:(Italy's Royal Navy) and the
844:than to the Fascist regime.
4024:Invasion of the Soviet Union
3713:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3031:Independent State of Croatia
1701:Bianchi, Gianfranco (1963).
1374:Acqui Division was massacred
976:Special Operations Executive
831:land on the Italian mainland
5008:End of World War II in Asia
4848:Western invasion of Germany
4355:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4332:Second Battle of El Alamein
3902:Hundred Regiments Offensive
3874:Battle of the Mediterranean
3727:Italian invasion of Albania
1901:Air warfare of World War II
1499:off Sardinia and launching
876:Gran Consiglio del Fascismo
829:on 10 July and prepared to
821:on 13 May 1943, the Allies
789:Italian resistance movement
54:It has been suggested that
5170:
5129:Treaties concluded in 1943
4934:Naval bombardment of Japan
4302:First Battle of El Alamein
4221:Battle of Christmas Island
4166:Japanese invasion of Burma
3930:Italian invasion of Greece
3846:German invasion of Belgium
3818:German invasion of Denmark
3791:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3660:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1924:Comparative military ranks
1526:
931:) were separately sent to
798:
735:, which had recently been
29:
5023:
4855:Bratislava–Brno offensive
4786:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4410:Allied invasion of Sicily
4270:Aleutian Islands campaign
4242:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4180:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4075:Second Battle of Changsha
3980:German invasion of Greece
3825:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2167:North and Central Pacific
1810:
1678:Aga Rossi, Elena (1993).
332:
90:
32:Armistice of Villa Giusti
5079:Politics of World War II
4447:Allied invasion of Italy
4424:Solomon Islands campaign
4173:Third Battle of Changsha
3770:First Battle of Changsha
3676:Second Sino-Japanese War
2616:German military brothels
2482:United States war crimes
1722:Marchesi, Luigi (1969).
1615:Between Silk and Cyanide
1188:"Armistice of Cassibile"
1137:(Deputy Chief of Staff,
1015:and some minor islands.
946:Sir Ronald Hugh Campbell
872:Grand Council of Fascism
36:Franco-Italian armistice
5109:Peace treaties of Italy
5089:Instrument of Surrender
4869:Second Guangxi campaign
4724:Philippines (1944–1945)
4228:Battle of the Coral Sea
4131:Fall of the Philippines
3777:Battle of South Guangxi
3683:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3089:Italian Social Republic
1405:Italian Social Republic
785:Italian Social Republic
752:Prime Minister of Italy
698:Armistizio di Cassibile
4454:Armistice of Cassibile
4256:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4207:Battle of the Java Sea
4110:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4010:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4003:Battle of South Shanxi
3973:Invasion of Yugoslavia
3756:Battle of the Atlantic
3370:Korean Liberation Army
3083:(until September 1943)
3040:(until September 1944)
3018:(until September 1944)
1728:How We got to Brindisi
1431:
1294:82nd Airborne Division
1273:
1264:
1076:
1007:
921:
853:National Fascist Party
814:
737:occupied by the Allies
690:Armistice of Cassibile
81:Armistice of Cassibile
5149:September 1943 events
5104:World War II treaties
5074:20th century in Italy
4618:Second Battle of Guam
4514:Bengal famine of 1943
4484:Second Battle of Kiev
4440:Battle of the Dnieper
4145:Battle of Wake Island
4017:East African campaign
3959:Battle of South Henan
3604:atrocities by Germans
3377:Korean Volunteer Army
2358:Occupation of Germany
2112:Music in World War II
1573:Badoglio Proclamation
1254:
1131:Patrick W. Timberlake
1066:
1001:
916:
808:
750:, who was serving as
614:1945 Spring Offensive
4904:Surrender of Germany
4382:Battle of West Hubei
4339:Guadalcanal campaign
4309:Battle of Stalingrad
4235:Battle of Madagascar
3009:Albania protectorate
2796:(formerly Swaziland)
2505:Wehrmacht war crimes
2321:Expulsion of Germans
2105:Art and World War II
2003:British contribution
1952:Governments in exile
1523:The 'long' armistice
1173:improve this article
982:, was released from
444:Armistice with Italy
197:Dwight D. Eisenhower
64:into this article. (
18:Italian capitulation
5154:Victor Emmanuel III
4994:Potsdam Declaration
4883:Italy (Spring 1945)
4646:Liberation of Paris
4103:Siege of Sevastopol
3121:(until August 1944)
3024:Wang Jingwei regime
2846:from September 1943
2806:from September 1944
2744:from September 1944
2604:Romanian war crimes
2595:Persecution of Jews
2581:Croatian war crimes
2551:Japanese war crimes
2365:Occupation of Japan
2314:First Indochina War
2026:Military production
1938:Declarations of war
1600:12:1 (1948), 12–35.
1261:Walter Bedell Smith
1257:Dwight D Eisenhower
1073:Giuseppe Castellano
1069:Walter Bedell Smith
1022:Castellano reached
954:Walter Bedell Smith
929:Giuseppe Castellano
919:Giuseppe Castellano
842:Victor Emmanuel III
741:Victor Emmanuel III
725:Giuseppe Castellano
721:Walter Bedell Smith
231:Walter Bedell Smith
218:Giuseppe Castellano
103:Walter Bedell Smith
99:Giuseppe Castellano
82:
4987:Surrender of Japan
4820:Battle of Iwo Jima
4669:Belgrade offensive
4082:Siege of Leningrad
3966:Battle of Shanggao
3895:British Somaliland
3860:Dunkirk evacuation
3811:Norwegian campaign
3749:Invasion of Poland
3576:Japanese prisoners
2544:Italian war crimes
2475:British war crimes
2390:Soviet occupations
2174:South-West Pacific
2061:Allied cooperation
2019:Military equipment
1265:
1077:
1049:Raffaele Guariglia
1008:
922:
815:
336:Invasion of Sicily
5061:
5060:
5019:
5018:
4862:Battle of Okinawa
4761:Burma (1944–1945)
4595:Mariana and Palau
4375:Tunisian campaign
4200:Fall of Singapore
4124:Fall of Hong Kong
3867:Battle of Britain
3720:Operation Himmler
3629:
3628:
3293:Dutch East Indies
2936:Southern Rhodesia
2688:
2687:
2588:Genocide of Serbs
2491:German war crimes
2468:Soviet war crimes
2461:Allied war crimes
2307:Division of Korea
2286:Chinese Civil War
2084:Strategic bombing
1996:Manhattan Project
1693:978-8-81-504136-4
1426:Regia Aeronautica
1380:on the island of
1343:Operation Baytown
1335:Strait of Messina
1282:Regia Aeronautica
1249:
1248:
1241:
1223:
1123:Lowell Ward Rooks
1111:Winston Churchill
950:Dwight Eisenhower
685:
684:
678:Italian Civil War
416:Invasion of Italy
289:
288:
78:
77:
73:
16:(Redirected from
5161:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5037:World portal
5035:
5034:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4897:Prague offensive
4892:
4890:Battle of Berlin
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4834:Vienna offensive
4829:
4822:
4815:
4813:Battle of Manila
4808:
4788:
4779:
4770:
4763:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4687:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4590:
4581:
4572:
4563:
4556:
4554:Korsun–Cherkassy
4549:
4538:
4516:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4396:Bombing of Gorky
4391:
4384:
4377:
4357:
4350:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4263:Battle of Midway
4258:
4251:
4249:Battle of Gazala
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4159:Battle of Borneo
4154:
4152:Malayan campaign
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4096:Bombing of Gorky
4091:
4089:Battle of Moscow
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3941:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3853:Battle of France
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3706:Munich Agreement
3701:
3694:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3662:
3655:
3640:
3622:
3615:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3591:Soviet prisoners
3585:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3555:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3531:German prisoners
3527:
3507:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3069:
3067:French Indochina
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
2991:
2982:
2975:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2914:from August 1944
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2797:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2699:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2640:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2558:Nanjing Massacre
2553:
2546:
2537:
2535:Nuremberg trials
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2268:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2139:Asia and Pacific
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2068:Mulberry harbour
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1903:
1888:
1876:
1869:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1760:
1751:
1739:
1718:
1697:
1667:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1607:
1601:
1598:Military Affairs
1594:
1543:Benito Mussolini
1436:
1278:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1181:
1157:
1149:
1119:Harold Alexander
1107:Harold Macmillan
952:: major-general
838:Benito Mussolini
777:Benito Mussolini
502:Monte la Difensa
327:
325:
324:Italian Campaign
315:
308:
301:
292:
279:
277:
276:
266:
264:
263:
252:
250:
249:
229:
228:
216:
215:
195:
194:
184:
183:
144:8 September 1943
132:Fairfield Camp,
124:3 September 1943
97:Italian General
95:
83:
69:
49:
48:
41:
21:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5029:
5027:
5015:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4953:
4948:Atomic bombings
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4791:
4784:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4706:
4697:
4690:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4651:
4644:
4639:Eastern Romania
4637:
4632:Warsaw Uprising
4630:
4625:Tannenberg Line
4623:
4616:
4611:Western Ukraine
4609:
4600:
4593:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4541:
4532:
4519:
4512:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4403:Battle of Kursk
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4360:
4353:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4214:St Nazaire Raid
4212:
4205:
4198:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4038:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3996:Anglo-Iraqi War
3994:
3987:Battle of Crete
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3944:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3916:Eastern Romania
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3734:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3658:
3651:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3558:
3551:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3523:
3510:
3503:
3494:
3487:
3482:
3477:Western Ukraine
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3421:Northeast China
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3127:Slovak Republic
3125:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3098:Empire of Japan
3096:
3087:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3007:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2971:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2684:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2643:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2610:Sexual violence
2609:
2602:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2328:Greek Civil War
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2153:South-East Asia
2151:
2144:
2137:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2012:Military awards
2010:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1899:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1758:
1749:
1746:
1721:
1700:
1694:
1677:
1674:
1672:Further reading
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1559:
1531:
1525:
1489:Vittorio Veneto
1446:Vittorio Veneto
1415:
1306:Operation Achse
1245:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1158:
1147:
1139:15th Army Group
1135:Lyman Lemnitzer
1116:
1095:Operation Achse
1079:A confirmation
1061:
1053:Giacomo Carboni
1024:Termini Imerese
1020:Brigade General
996:
926:Brigade General
897:Enrico Caviglia
864:Giuseppe Bottai
857:Pietro Badoglio
811:Pietro Badoglio
803:
797:
766:southern France
748:Pietro Badoglio
686:
681:
675:
468:Vatican bombing
339:
328:
323:
321:
319:
285:
274:
272:
261:
259:
256:
247:
245:
223:
220:
210:
189:
188:
186:Pietro Badoglio
178:
106:
74:
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5167:
5165:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5066:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4967:
4964:South Sakhalin
4960:
4959:
4958:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4688:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4598:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4539:
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4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
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4510:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4443:
4436:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4389:Battle of Attu
4385:
4378:
4370:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4266:
4259:
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4245:
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4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4138:Battle of Guam
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4061:Battle of Kiev
4057:
4050:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3976:
3969:
3962:
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3616:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3572:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3560:United Kingdom
3556:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3528:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
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3359:
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3345:
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3324:
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3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
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3275:
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3254:
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3238:
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3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
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3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3115:
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3101:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:British Empire
2957:United Kingdom
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2798:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2773:Czechoslovakia
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2670:Rape of Manila
2666:
2659:
2652:
2641:
2626:
2619:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2508:
2501:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2441:United Nations
2437:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2300:Decolonization
2296:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1973:United Kingdom
1969:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1819:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1745:
1744:External links
1742:
1741:
1740:
1719:
1698:
1692:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1646:
1634:
1627:
1621:. chapter 47.
1602:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1527:Main article:
1524:
1521:
1476:, to sail for
1420:Regio Esercito
1414:
1409:
1372:, the Italian
1311:Regio Esercito
1308:. Most of the
1247:
1246:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1127:John K. Cannon
1060:
1057:
1030:, a town near
1018:On 31 August,
1004:Kenneth Strong
995:
992:
958:Kenneth Strong
890:Prime Minister
868:Galeazzo Ciano
827:invaded Sicily
799:Main article:
796:
793:
683:
682:
674:
673:
668:
663:
656:
651:
646:
639:
632:
625:
610:
609:
604:
602:Monte Castello
599:
594:
589:
576:
575:
570:
565:
563:Trasimene Line
560:
553:
546:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
497:Bernhardt Line
486:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
458:
453:
446:
441:
434:
427:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
347:
333:
330:
329:
320:
318:
317:
310:
303:
295:
287:
286:
284:
283:
281:United Kingdom
270:
257:
242:
240:
236:
235:
234:
233:
221:
206:
202:
201:
200:
199:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
96:
88:
87:
76:
75:
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5166:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:1943 in Italy
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:Kuril Islands
4968:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4738:Syrmian Front
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:Market Garden
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4543:Monte Cassino
4540:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:Baltic states
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3553:United States
3550:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:Quốc dân Đảng
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:Liechtenstein
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:United States
2970:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:Comfort women
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2647: /
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636: /
2635:
2632: /
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:Camp brothels
2620:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:The Holocaust
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:forced labour
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:Marshall Plan
2348:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2204:Eastern Front
2201:
2198:
2197:Western Front
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:Puppet states
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
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1474:heel of Italy
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1190: –
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1184:Find sources:
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1162:This section
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5045:Bibliography
5028:
4841:Project Hula
4806:Vistula–Oder
4775:
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3881:North Africa
3583:Soviet Union
3537:Soviet Union
3463:Soviet Union
3231:Vatican City
3141:Vichy France
3046:German Reich
2943:Soviet Union
2929:South Africa
2922:Sierra Leone
2875:Newfoundland
2694:Participants
2677:Marocchinate
2381:
2372:
2342:
2220:North Africa
2181:Indian Ocean
2040:Nazi plunder
1931:Cryptography
1804:World War II
1759:(In Italian)
1750:(In Italian)
1727:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1683:
1679:
1663:
1649:
1614:
1605:
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1513:
1504:
1501:guided bombs
1492:
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1433:Regia Marina
1424:
1418:
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1412:Regia Marina
1411:
1402:
1377:
1359:
1355:
1332:
1326:and part of
1316:royal family
1309:
1303:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1275:Regia Marina
1270:
1266:
1235:
1226:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1183:
1171:Please help
1166:verification
1163:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1046:
1035:
1017:
1009:
980:Dick Mallaby
973:
962:
923:
904:Adolf Hitler
901:
879:
875:
861:
846:
835:
819:North Africa
816:
781:puppet state
758:Nazi Germany
756:
718:
714:World War II
697:
689:
687:
676:
659:
642:
635:
628:
621:
613:
611:
578:
577:
557:Chesterfield
556:
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478:Barbara Line
461:
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385:
378:
371:
364:
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343:
335:
70:
55:
4776:Bodenplatte
4662:Gothic Line
3888:West Africa
3435:Philippines
3414:Netherlands
3279:Czech lands
3217:Switzerland
3161:Afghanistan
3112:Philippines
2980:Puerto Rico
2896:Philippines
2882:New Zealand
2868:Netherlands
2821:Free France
2572:Prosecution
2373:Osoaviakhim
2243:West Africa
2227:East Africa
1874:Conferences
1263:looking on.
881:carabinieri
849:Dino Grandi
825:on 16 May,
823:bombed Rome
654:Argenta Gap
580:Gothic Line
490:Winter Line
205:Signatories
173:Negotiators
165:Replaced by
5084:Armistices
5068:Categories
4876:West Hunan
4709:Pointblank
4045:Silver Fox
4031:Summer War
3784:Winter War
3763:Phoney War
3544:Azerbaijan
3505:Yugoslavia
3400:Luxembourg
3242:Resistance
2989:Yugoslavia
2854:Luxembourg
2656:Sook Ching
2452:War crimes
2054:Technology
2047:Opposition
1989:Lend-Lease
1966:Australian
1959:Home front
1917:Blitzkrieg
1867:Casualties
1858:Commanders
1830:Operations
1617:. London:
1611:Marks, Leo
1584:References
1453:(known as
1370:Cephalonia
1351:at Taranto
1347:at Salerno
1299:Eisenhower
1199:newspapers
795:Background
666:Collecchio
607:Garfagnana
592:San Marino
507:San Pietro
4941:Manchuria
4827:Indochina
4603:Bagration
4054:Lithuania
3699:Anschluss
3496:Viet Minh
3393:Lithuania
3335:Hong Kong
3105:Manchukuo
3060:Azad Hind
2719:Australia
2519:Aftermath
2382:Paperclip
2277:Aftermath
2077:Total war
1945:Diplomacy
1908:In Europe
1497:air cover
1472:, in the
1462:La Spezia
1417:Both the
1145:Aftermath
1091:Wehrmacht
1086:Wehrmacht
1037:Wehrmacht
1028:Cassibile
988:Quirinale
729:Cassibile
702:armistice
700:) was an
483:Bari raid
438:Slapstick
431:Avalanche
409:Centuripe
379:Narcissus
351:Mincemeat
344:Corkscrew
157:Amendment
149:Condition
141:Effective
134:Cassibile
115:Armistice
5052:Category
5001:document
4911:document
4768:Ardennes
4752:Budapest
4700:Crossbow
4578:Overlord
4417:Smolensk
3635:Timeline
3470:Slovakia
3456:Thailand
3307:Ethiopia
3272:Bulgaria
3196:Portugal
3134:Thailand
3016:Bulgaria
2794:Eswatini
2787:Ethiopia
2740:Bulgaria
2565:Unit 731
2526:Response
2343:Keelhaul
2293:Cold War
2266:Americas
2257:timeline
2250:Atlantic
2130:Theaters
1736:13193077
1715:29094766
1613:(1998).
1557:See also
1456:Littorio
1339:Calabria
1324:Sardinia
1320:Brindisi
1081:telegram
1067:General
1032:Syracuse
942:Portugal
917:General
809:Marshal
768:and the
708:and the
550:Strangle
537:Cisterna
393:Ladbroke
372:Chestnut
129:Location
4978:Shumshu
4745:Hungary
4692:Estonia
4676:Lapland
4654:Dragoon
4587:Neptune
4569:Ichi-Go
4535:Tempest
4477:Changde
4432:Cottage
4324:Jubilee
4040:Finland
3938:Compass
3644:Prelude
3597:Finland
3483:Vietnam
3449:Romania
3321:Germany
3300:Estonia
3286:Denmark
3265:Belgium
3258:Austria
3251:Albania
3182:Ireland
3168:Andorra
3152:Neutral
3119:Romania
3053:Hungary
3038:Finland
2910:Romania
2802:Finland
2780:Denmark
2726:Belgium
2712:Algeria
2418:Romania
2404:Hungary
2160:Pacific
1884:General
1838:Leaders
1823:Battles
1816:Outline
1509:Menorca
1470:Taranto
1398:Corsica
1362:Balkans
1341:during
1213:scholar
1059:Signing
969:Vatican
894:Marshal
774:freeing
770:Balkans
745:Marshal
712:during
694:Italian
671:Trieste
660:Herring
649:Bologna
629:Tombola
597:Gemmano
424:Baytown
386:Fustian
365:Animals
358:Barclay
239:Parties
136:, Italy
66:Discuss
4955:Debate
4927:Taipei
4920:Borneo
4498:Tarawa
3692:Europe
3653:Africa
3442:Poland
3428:Norway
3407:Malaya
3386:Latvia
3328:Greece
3314:France
3210:Sweden
3175:Bhutan
2903:Poland
2889:Norway
2861:Mexico
2828:Greece
2814:France
2752:Canada
2733:Brazil
2703:Allies
2649:Serbia
2638:Poland
2411:Poland
2397:Baltic
2190:Europe
1892:Topics
1844:Allied
1734:
1713:
1690:
1625:
1539:Nelson
1493:Italia
1491:, and
1451:Italia
1449:, and
1378:Regina
1328:Apulia
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1125:, and
1013:Sicily
984:Verona
965:Sicily
933:Lisbon
783:, the
772:, and
733:Sicily
710:Allies
636:Bowler
622:Encore
587:Rimini
568:Ancona
543:Diadem
522:Rapido
517:Ortona
456:Naples
404:Troina
278:
265:
251:
121:Signed
62:merged
4731:Leyte
4561:Narva
4547:Anzio
4505:Makin
4463:Burma
4347:Torch
4316:Rzhev
4277:Kiska
3363:Korea
3349:Japan
3342:Italy
3224:Tibet
3203:Spain
3081:Italy
2842:Italy
2835:India
2759:China
2634:Japan
2234:Italy
2146:China
2098:Women
1726:[
1705:[
1682:[
1535:Malta
1478:Malta
1466:Genoa
1394:Samos
1390:Leros
1220:JSTOR
1206:books
994:Terms
938:Italy
886:Ponza
706:Italy
643:Roast
532:Anzio
462:Devon
450:Achse
254:Italy
4797:1945
4525:1944
4366:1943
4294:Blue
4284:Attu
4191:1942
3950:1941
3802:1940
3740:1939
3669:Asia
3516:POWs
3356:Jews
3074:Iraq
3000:Axis
2950:Tuva
2766:Cuba
1851:Axis
1732:OCLC
1711:OCLC
1688:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1505:Roma
1485:Roma
1464:and
1440:Roma
1392:and
1364:and
1349:and
1192:news
1141:).
1042:Rome
908:Alps
743:and
688:The
573:Elba
512:Moro
399:Gela
111:Type
1511:".
1382:Kos
1175:by
60:be
5070::
4545:/
1637:^
1553:.
1487:,
1480:.
1443:,
1407:.
1384:,
1353:.
971:.
944:,
833:.
764:,
731:,
696::
4048:)
4042:(
2916:)
2912:(
2848:)
2844:(
2808:)
2804:(
2746:)
2742:(
1796:e
1789:t
1782:v
1738:.
1717:.
1696:.
1631:.
1242:)
1236:(
1231:)
1227:(
1217:·
1210:·
1203:·
1196:·
1169:.
874:(
692:(
314:e
307:t
300:v
68:)
38:.
20:)
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