49:
1348:
396:
26:
1336:
667:
could operate too effectively in the narrow waters of the
Adriatic, which could also be easily seeded with minefields. The threat from these underwater weapons was too serious for him to use the fleet in an active way. Instead, Revel decided to implement a blockade at the relatively safer southern
1261:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IV (1st ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co.
825:, before Acton temporarily broke off the pursuit. By around 11:00, Acton had seen Austro-Hungarian reinforcements steaming south, leading him to turn south with the two British cruisers to join
1380:
342:, which were built as scouts for the main Italian fleet. She was equipped with a main battery of six 120-millimeter (4.7 in) guns and had a top speed in excess of 26
1481:
523:(2,600 km; 1,600 mi) at an economical speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). The ship's propulsion system proved to be unreliable in service.
561:. The ship was only lightly armored, with a 38 mm (1.5 in) thick deck, and 100 mm (3.9 in) thick plating on her main conning tower.
588:
65:
1373:
822:
361:
1290:
1179:
1156:
785:
was the only
Italian cruiser with steam up in her boilers when word of the Austro-Hungarian attack reached Brindisi. The British cruisers
1450:
1471:
1366:
1236:
1217:
1198:
861:
demobilized; severely reduced naval budgets—the result of a weakened
Italian economy in the early 1920s—led to further draw-downs.
1315:
870:
s engines were plagued with problems throughout her career, which made the ship an obvious target in the effort to trim the
1326:
449:
681:
was out of service to be converted to oil-fired boilers. After returning to service in
February 1916, she was based at
806:
1403:
618:
439:
811:, and three destroyers followed thereafter, leaving Brindisi at around 8:30. They initially steamed east toward
1389:
409:
390:
336:
122:
847:
had reached the scene. Unable to engage the heavily armed vessel, Acton broke off again and returned to port.
834:
s group. Having united his forces by around 11:30, Acton turned north once again to try to catch the damaged
461:
717:
and submarines. The
British contributed four cruisers of the British Adriatic Squadron: the light cruisers
1434:
1426:
690:
427:
151:
696:
420:
786:
660:
1191:
The
Washington Conference, 1921–22: Naval Rivalry, East Asian Stability and the Road to Pearl Harbor
1476:
909:
737:
718:
477:
473:
137:
1352:
725:
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536:
635:
was thereafter assigned to the 1st
Division of the 2nd Squadron; the squadron consisted of two
381:
and sold for scrap, the result of her unreliable engines and drastic cuts to the naval budget.
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1262:
1232:
1213:
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By May 1917, the reconnaissance forces at
Brindisi had come under the command of Rear Admiral
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324:
191:
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841:
803:
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219:
1229:
The Battle of the
Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I
535:
of six 120 mm (4.7 in) L/50 guns mounted singly. She was also equipped with a
1300:
Pribram, Alfred
Franzis (February 1920). "The Secret Treaties of the Triple Alliance".
880:
656:
648:
606:
489:
378:
1347:
1465:
884:
772:
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508:
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of six 76 mm (3 in) L/50 guns, which provided close-range defense against
25:
1340:
544:
540:
532:
469:
330:
279:
346:(48 km/h; 30 mph), but her engines proved to be troublesome in service.
1166:
Fraccaroli, Aldo (1985). "Italy". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
746:
and twelve destroyers rounded out the light forces available to patrol the area.
659:
had convinced the Italians to enter the war against their former allies. Admiral
652:
622:
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353:
343:
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232:
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558:
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197:
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before turning north to join Acton's forces pursuing the Austro-Hungarians.
766:
714:
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end of the Adriatic with the main fleet, while smaller vessels, such as the
664:
481:
812:
682:
357:
141:
610:
377:
s career was cut short in November 1927 when she was stricken from the
335:(Royal Navy) in the 1910s. She was the second and final member of the
247:(2,600 km; 1,600 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
776:
519:(51.23 km/h; 31.83 mph). She had a cruising range of 1,400
771:
and several destroyers raided the Otranto Barrage, a patrol line of
663:, the Italian naval chief of staff, believed that Austro-Hungarian
394:
145:
492:. Her crew consisted 13 officers and 283 enlisted men.
578:
1362:
672:, conducted raids on Austro-Hungarian ships and installations.
1281:
O'Hara, Vincent; Dickson, David & Worth, Richard (2013).
1246:
Henderson, W. H., ed. (1919). "Four Months in the Adriatic".
1003:
1283:
To Crown the Waves: The Great Navies of the First World War
753:. On the night of 14–15 May, the Austro-Hungarian cruisers
503:. Steam was provided by fourteen mixed coal and oil firing
1304:. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Company. pp. 251–263.
432:
to serve as scouts for the main battle fleet. Two ships,
423:
in the early 1900s. They were intended to supplement the
639:
of armored cruisers, each supported by a scout cruiser.
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
840:, but half an hour later, the powerful armored cruiser
1174:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 252–290.
930:
928:
1324:
821:
briefly engaged the fleeing Austro-Hungarians in the
1250:. Vol. IV. The Naval Society. pp. 352–360.
796:
departed first, along with five Italian destroyers.
415:
were ordered in response to the development of fast
855:Following the end of the war in November 1918, the
1167:
1123:
543:. She also carried two 450 mm (17.7 in)
1170:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
908:L/50 refers to the length of the gun in terms of
605:proceeded slower than on her sister, and she was
495:The ship's propulsion system consisted of three
1151:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 147–160.
1189:Goldstein, Erik & Maurer, John H. (1994).
775:intended to block Austro-Hungarian and German
593:shipyard on 15 February 1911, the same day as
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480:and up to 4,141 long tons (4,207 t) at
444:, were ordered during the tenure of Admiral
16:Protected cruiser of the Italian Royal Navy
1381:
1367:
1359:
609:on 24 March 1912, where she was named for
515:(17,000 kW) for a top speed of 27.66
472:of 4.1 m (13 ft 5 in). She
468:of 13 m (42 ft 8 in) and a
1231:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
629:into the Italian fleet on 4 August 1914.
589:Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia
460:was 140.3 meters (460 ft 4 in)
66:Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia
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1482:Ships built in Castellammare di Stabia
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651:, declared neutrality at the start of
557:also had a capacity to carry 200
20:
1147:, 1906—1939". In Jordan, John (ed.).
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934:
883:on 27 November 1927 and subsequently
655:in August 1914, but by May 1915, the
45:
7:
1285:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1212:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
879:s budget. She was stricken from the
689:, along with the protected cruisers
164:140.3 m (460 ft 4 in)
1451:List of protected cruisers of Italy
1087:
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967:
675:At the time Italy entered the war,
511:. The engines were rated at 23,000
272:6 × 120 mm (4.7 in) guns
14:
685:in southern Italy to support the
235:(51.23 km/h; 31.83 mph)
180:4.1 m (13 ft 5 in)
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278:2 × 450 mm (17.7 in)}
172:13 m (42 ft 8 in)
154:: 4,141 long tons (4,207 t)
47:
24:
1193:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
476:3,575 long tons (3,632 t)
275:6 × 76 mm (3 in) guns
1210:A Naval History of World War I
1:
823:Battle of the Otranto Straits
362:Battle of the Otranto Straits
1255:Newbolt, Henry John (1928).
1004:O'Hara, Dickson, & Worth
399:Plan and profile drawing of
1139:Cernuschi, Enrico (2022). "
730:and the protected cruisers
308:: 100 mm (3.9 in)
1498:
621:in 1860. After completing
619:Expedition of the Thousand
388:
360:; she was involved in the
302:: 38 mm (1.5 in)
1472:Nino Bixio-class cruisers
1446:
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1399:
1208:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
113:
40:
23:
1318:Marina Militare website
982:, pp. 140–142, 150.
488:deck and a pair of pole
391:Nino Bixio-class cruiser
647:Italy, a member of the
114:General characteristics
1227:Halpern, Paul (2004).
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421:Austro-Hungarian Navy
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327:built by the Italian
1302:The Atlantic Monthly
661:Paolo Thaon di Revel
450:Minister of the Navy
1090:, pp. 304–305.
1066:, pp. 303–304.
1030:, pp. 162–163.
1006:, pp. 183–184.
994:, pp. 352–353.
625:work, the ship was
615:Giuseppe Garibaldi
505:Blechynden boilers
484:. She had a short
406:
192:Blechynden boilers
1459:
1458:
1292:978-1-61251-082-8
1181:978-0-85177-245-5
1158:978-1-4728-4781-2
1102:, pp. 91–97.
547:submerged in the
537:secondary battery
531:was armed with a
499:, each driving a
425:protected cruiser
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220:screw propellers
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101:27 November 1927
77:15 February 1911
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1270:. Retrieved
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1149:Warship 2022
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196:23,000
144:(3,632
132:Displacement
123:
90:Commissioned
18:
1353:Engineering
1141:Esploratori
887:for scrap.
844:Sankt Georg
653:World War I
643:World War I
623:fitting-out
559:naval mines
354:World War I
286:naval mines
257:13 officers
243:1,400
1477:1912 ships
1466:Categories
1405:Nino Bixio
1391:Nino Bixio
1272:2 November
1133:References
1112:Fraccaroli
956:Fraccaroli
715:destroyers
710:Nino Bixio
665:submarines
599:. Work on
596:Nino Bixio
486:forecastle
441:Nino Bixio
411:Nino Bixio
368:cruisers.
338:Nino Bixio
252:Complement
207:Propulsion
124:Nino Bixio
1267:220475138
992:Henderson
935:Cernuschi
920:Citations
891:Footnotes
885:broken up
842:SMS
789:Dartmouth
787:HMS
756:Helgoland
719:HMS
670:MAS boats
637:divisions
583:laid down
482:full load
474:displaced
464:, with a
356:based at
152:Full load
142:long tons
74:Laid down
1436:Campania
773:drifters
739:Sapphire
721:Weymouth
683:Brindisi
611:the city
607:launched
478:normally
358:Brindisi
267:Armament
140:: 3,575
98:Stricken
82:Launched
1412:Marsala
1327:Portals
1316:Marsala
1143:of the
1088:Newbolt
1064:Newbolt
968:Pribram
910:caliber
864:Marsala
828:Marsala
818:Marsala
808:Racchia
799:Marsala
794:Bristol
782:Marsala
777:U-boats
727:Bristol
678:Marsala
632:Marsala
602:Marsala
585:at the
571:Marsala
554:Marsala
528:Marsala
509:funnels
457:Marsala
448:as the
435:Marsala
419:by the
402:Marsala
371:Marsala
349:Marsala
319:Marsala
60:Builder
41:History
33:Marsala
1428:Quarto
1289:
1265:
1235:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1155:
837:Novara
813:Valona
802:, the
765:, and
762:Novara
733:Topaze
707:, and
704:Quarto
692:Puglia
613:where
429:Quarto
385:Design
352:spent
323:was a
231:27.66
161:Length
138:Normal
1438:class
1341:Italy
896:Notes
877:'
868:'
832:'
768:Saida
698:Libia
575:'
517:knots
490:masts
470:draft
375:'
344:knots
340:class
294:Armor
240:Range
233:knots
228:Speed
190:14 ×
177:Draft
126:class
54:Italy
1287:ISBN
1274:2016
1263:OCLC
1233:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1153:ISBN
792:and
736:and
724:and
581:was
579:keel
549:hull
466:beam
438:and
408:The
300:Deck
284:200
218:3 ×
212:3 ×
169:Beam
106:Fate
245:nmi
198:shp
1468::
942:^
927:^
779:.
759:,
701:,
695:,
577:s
551:.
452:.
1382:e
1375:t
1368:v
1329::
1295:.
1276:.
1241:.
1222:.
1203:.
1184:.
1161:.
912:.
148:)
146:t
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