Italian governorate of Montenegro

1466:

mainly caused by the impact of the "left errors". During this period, Stanišić's Chetniks fought the Partisans in the Nikšić area alongside the Italians, and Đurišić's Chetniks did likewise in the Kolašin district of northern Montenegro. In May, Đurišić's Chetniks defeated the Durmitor Partisan Detachment, which was the last large Partisan unit remaining in Montenegro. On 24 July 1942, a comprehensive agreement was reached between Đukanović and Biroli, which expanded the areas covered and ensured that the Chetniks in Montenegro could bear the brunt of the fighting against the Partisans. Specifically, the Đukanović-Biroli agreement stated that "the Chetniks were to continue uncompromising struggle against the Communists and were to cooperate with the Italian authorities in the restoration and maintenance of law and order". It mandated the creation of three "flying detachments" of 1,500 men each, commanded by Đurišić, Stanišić and the separatist leader Popović, and covered pay, rations, arms and support for their families. These detachments were already in existence and had been integrated with Italian forces during operations against the Partisans in June. The agreement also endorsed the pre-existing Committee of Montenegrin Nationalists led by Đukanović. The agreement stated that the nationalists had no political agenda except fighting communism and maintaining law and order and the well-being of the Montenegrin population. The conclusion of the agreement obligated Đukanović's Committee to do everything in its power to preserve order and to fight anyone opposing the Italian occupiers. Tomasevich states that given Mihailović had been in Montenegro for two months prior to this agreement being concluded, it is fair to assume that he knew about and was satisfied with it, and Milazzo states that these accommodations with the Italians were sought with Mihailović's personal approval. This agreement was consistent with Mihailović's aim of having an "army-in-waiting", that could turn against the occupiers, and with the support of the

1052:), who called themselves the "Committee for the Liberation of Montenegro". This group was encouraged by the Italians to form a council to advise the occupation authorities, which was established by Mazzolini on 18 May. The "Interim Advisory Committee" was "symbolically vested with civil powers", but the Italian military remained the real decision-makers. The committee was to work alongside the Italian military authorities, who replaced the Zeta Banovina government, but appointed committees for various towns and re-activated the pre-existing bureaucracy. The Committee really only drew support from the "Greens", who overestimated what the Italians were offering for their collaboration. On 22 May, the "Interim Advisory Committee" was dissolved, but the former Yugoslav civil service authorities remained at their posts after they swore an oath of allegiance to Italy. On 19 June, Mazzolini was appointed as "High Commissioner", responsible to the Italian 1458: 1450:. On 6 March, an agreement was signed between Stanišić and Biroli. These agreements related to Chetnik action against the Partisans, for which they would receive arms and supplies from the Italians. The Italian's primary aim in entering into these agreements was to minimise their own losses. Initially, Stanišić referred to his forces as the "Montenegrin National Army", and claimed to be the Chetnik commander for both Montenegro and Herzegovina. In late February or early March, Mihailović sent one of his agents to join Stanišić, who began to coordinate his activities with the other significant Chetnik leaders in Montenegro. On 9 March, a large group of former Royal Yugoslav Army officers met at Cetinje and elected 1478:

large part of the occupied territory. In addition to the 3,000 Chetniks in the two "flying detachments", the Montenegrin Chetniks had several times that number who were not "legalised" by the Italians, but were engaged in fighting the Partisans. Popović, the Montenegrin separatist leader and commander of the third "flying detachment", had been collaborating with the Italians from the time of the invasion, and continued to do so, having reached a fragile understanding with the Chetniks during the first half of 1942. Both the Chetniks and separatists tried to get as much support as possible from the Italians, which included the importation of food for the population who supported them.

112: 510: 92: 1186:

weapons following the collapse of the Yugoslav Army, significant numbers of former Yugoslav Army officers and repatriated following their capture during the invasion, and the strength of the KPJ in the occupied territory. Around 400 former Yugoslav Army officers returned to Montenegro, along with many non-commissioned officers, civil administrators and communists. During the invasion, the Yugoslav Zeta Division, composed mostly of Montenegrins, had briefly counter-attacked into Albania, but had largely returned home with their weapons and equipment following the Yugoslav surrender. In early July 1941, a senior Montenegrin member of the

485: 85: 1060: 1320:

inhabitants were interned. For a while, the Muslim and Albanian irregulars were permitted to pillage and torch villages. For the first few months after the uprising began, the insurgent groups included KPJ members and their followers as well as Serb nationalists, and the leadership of the groups was also mixed. Unlike the Partisans who had strong central direction from the outset, during these early stages the nationalists in Montenegro had little or no contact with the headquarters of

566: 1518: 1693: 1369:. Đurišić's appointment occurred when he travelled to Serbia in late December 1941 and early January 1942 to meet with Mihailović, and returned with detailed instructions which bore Mihailović's signature. These instructions included directives for "cleansing the Muslim population from Sandžak and the Muslim and Croat populations from Bosnia and Herzegovina" amongst other orders. Historians Lucien Karchmar, 1148:, that had ruled Montenegro for centuries prior to the union with the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918. They also believed that all members of the "Greens" who had opposed union with Serbia in 1918 wanted full independence for Montenegro, rather than a Montenegrin unit within a federal Yugoslavia. In reality, the "Greens" consisted of two factions, one led by 1365:. Once the Montenegrin nationalists heard about the split between Mihailović's Chetniks and the Partisans, there was an increased impetus for them to collaborate with the Italian occupation forces. On 20 December 1941, Mihailović appointed Đurišić as his commander of all regular and reserve troops in central and eastern Montenegro and parts of the 1689:). Biroli and his successor Count Curio Barbasetti di Prun were in full control of all military and civil matters in the territory. For purposes of civil administration, the existing districts and municipalities of the Yugoslav system were retained "to avert administrative chaos", with Italians replacing authority at the Banovina level. 2666: 1342:, whilst Ustaše manipulation of the Muslims in the Sandžak and the expulsion of Serbs from the areas annexed by Albania combined to make Đurišić and his Chetniks impatient to continue with the uprising by turning on the Muslims and Albanians in the region. The uprising continued to a reduced extent until December 1941. 1533:, leaving 17 divisions stranded in Yugoslavia. All divisional commanders refused to join the Germans. Two Italian infantry divisions joined the Montenegrin Partisans as complete units, while another joined the Albanian Partisan forces. Other units surrendered to the Germans to face imprisonment in Germany or 1257:

On 13 July 1941, there was a general uprising against the Italians, initiated by the Montenegrin branch of the KPJ. The event that triggered the uprising was the proclamation on the previous day of a restored Kingdom of Montenegro headed by an Italian regent and led by Montenegrin separatist Drljević

1680:

The territory was initially under military occupation, but the Italians initially intended to make Montenegro a so-called independent state with close links to Italy, and appointed Mazzolini as a commissioner to handle civil affairs. After the abortive declaration of independence and the suppression

1337:

of northern Montenegro, withdrew into the hinterland. The focus of the nationalists such as Đurišić was to avoid provoking the Italians but to protect the mountain villages if they were attacked. In northern Montenegro, there was a marked distinction between the communists and nationalists, with the

1185:

to Albania, and the economic damage inflicted on many Montenegrins by the temporary removal from circulation of Yugoslav banknotes of 500 dinars and more. There were three reasons the Italians had to be very wary of dissatisfaction among the Montenegrin people, the large number of unsecured military

1020:

was appointed the civil commissioner for Montenegro, but subordinated to the High Command of the Italian Armed Forces in Albania (known as Superalba). Elsewhere in Italian-occupied territories, the installation of a civilian commissioner would usually have been a prelude to annexation, and some laws

1465:

Between March and June 1942, the power of the Chetniks increased in Montenegro due to a combination of factors. Their agreements with the Italians was the first of these, along with the arms and supplies that accompanied the agreements. The other factor was the weakening of the Partisans, which was

1210:

Drljević and his colleagues were able to convince the Italians that if they created an independent Montenegro with Italian support, there would be little opposition. In early June 1941, Mazzolini formed a consultative council consisting of 65 Italian-paid deputies who were willing to work with the

2170:

The occupation was a significant drain on the Italians as, despite the strategic importance of the adjacent Bay of Kotor as a naval base, and Montenegro's position on the route into the central Balkans, it was a food-deficit area into which they had to import 1,200–1,500 metric tons of foodstuffs

1537:. Others surrendered themselves, arms, ammunition and equipment to Croatian forces or to the Partisans, simply disintegrated, or reached Italy on foot via Trieste or by ship across the Adriatic. The territory of the former Italian governorate of Montenegro was placed under Nazi German occupation. 1477:

The Chetniks were important to the Italian occupiers as they controlled the hinterland and allowed the Italians to concentrate on maintaining law and order in the larger towns and on the major routes in the occupied territory. From June 1942 until around April 1943, the Chetniks controlled a very

1502:

represented Mihailović, and the proceedings bore an official stamp. The conference was dominated by Đurišić and its resolutions expressed extremism and intolerance, as well as an agenda which focused on restoring the pre-war status quo in Yugoslavia implemented in its initial stages by a Chetnik

1415:

in January and February 1942, and turned against all real and potential opposition, killing about 300 of the population and throwing their mangled corpses into pits they called the "dogs' cemetery". Due to this and other examples of communist terror, the Montenegrin population turned against the

1396:

Despite his possession of these instructions, Đurišić initially had very little influence on the non-communist elements of the Montenegrin resistance and was unable to develop an effective strategy against the Italians or Partisans in the first few months after his return to Montenegro. In early

1332:

A split then developed between the communist leaders of the uprising and the nationalists that had participated. The nationalists recognized that the uprising had been defeated and wanted to stop fighting, unlike the Partisans who were determined to continue the struggle. During the autumn the

1298:

The uprising was premature, and a force of 67,000 Italian troops regained control over all towns and communication routes within six weeks, assisted by Muslim and Albanian irregular forces from border areas who provided flank security. The commander of the Italian 9th Army based in Albania,

1319:

in command of all Italian forces in Montenegro, and gave him orders to crush the revolt. Pirzio Biroli directed his forces to avoid "acts of revenge and useless cruelty". Nevertheless, in crushing the revolt dozens of villages were burned, hundreds were killed and between 10,000 and 20,000

2662: 1928:

to form Army Group East, but the deployment of the occupying forces did not change significantly for the remainder of the Italian occupation. The uprising and later developments showed that the Italians were not able to effectively impose their rule outside of the larger cities.

111: 1274:. Serbs fleeing the Ustaše terror in Herzegovina played a significant part in the uprising. The rebels seized control of small towns and villages in the early phase of the uprising. Amidst the worst of the fighting during the successful attack he led on Berane, then-Captain 1919:

From 1 December 1941 to 15 May 1943, XIV Corps was designated Montenegro Command, and was headquartered in Podgorica. In October 1942, Montenegro Command controlled over 75,000 troops. These included the garrison of the Bay of Kotor, which was formally part of the

1221:, and the Yugoslav constitution of 1931. It would also proclaim that Montenegro was a sovereign and independent state ruled by a constitutional monarchy. When the members of the National Assembly realised that the declaration would result in a union of the 1287:. The Italians were caught completely unprepared, and within a few days, Cetinje had been completely isolated from the rest of the occupied territory, and the occupation force had to call for support from its higher headquarters in Albania. The 1278:

distinguished himself, and emerged as one of the main commanders of the uprising. During the attack on Berane, Đurišić fought alongside communist insurgent forces. The other main commanders included the former Yugoslav Army officers Colonel

6142: 1328:

movement in Yugoslavia. Outside of coordination provided by KPJ members, the nationalists did not necessarily work together, even with those in the neighbouring district. Their motivation for fighting was mainly to protect their families.

809:(KSCS, later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), Montenegro had been recognised as an independent state for forty years. Immediately prior to the creation of the KSCS in December 1918, the Kingdom of Montenegro was unified with the 1040:

organisations, and strict censorship was imposed. Italian bureaucrats were tasked to supervise the finances of public bodies, insurance companies and banks, and all schools were ordered closed until the end of 1941.

931:. In October of that year, the KPJ national conference heavily criticised this action by the Montenegrin branch of the party, and re-oriented the KPJ toward defending the country against "imperialist attackers". 1012:, authorising him to set up a new government in Cetinje. The following day he received a further message advising him that a "Committee for the Liberation of Montenegro" had been formed in the Albanian capital, 1180:

terror in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Montenegrin people also had grievances against the Italians regarding their annexation of important food-producing territory in Kosovo and a salt producing facility at

1128:

to impose on Mussolini the creation of an independent Montenegro, against the wishes of the fascist Croats and Albanians (who wanted to enlarge their countries with the Montenegrin territories). Her nephew

5739: 5263: 1705:

The administration consisted of the following districts, which retained the pre-existing Yugoslav civil service. (Note: italics indicates only part of the old Yugoslav district was within the governate.)

1156:. Popović sought a fully independent Montenegro, but was willing to consider a separate entity within a federal Yugoslavia depending on the outcome of the war, and his group included some members of the 1443:, and was effective from 17 February. Soon after, Đurišić entered into an agreement with Biroli regarding collaboration between Đurišić's Chetniks and the Italians in the area of operations of the 1416:

Partisans. Đurišić soon recaptured Kolašin and held it as a Chetnik bastion until May 1943. According to other sources, the number of persons killed in Kolašin at that time was between 16 and 38.

5268: 1070:

Initially, the Italians intended that Montenegro would become an "independent" state closely allied with Italy, reinforced through the strong dynastic links between Italy and Montenegro, as

1553:

The occupied territory of Montenegro was far smaller in area than pre-Yugoslav Montenegro. At its core was a small area running south into the Sandžak from Berane, including the towns of

5540: 4000: 6082: 1436:. By mid-February 1942, individual Chetnik units were concluding formal agreements to cooperate with the Italians. The first agreement was between Stanišić and the commander of the 1349:, and Biroli was appointed governor with responsibility for both military and civil affairs. On 1 December, the XIV Corps was redesignated the Command of the Troops of Montenegro. 6127: 4524: 1916:

division was re-deployed to the NDH in September 1941, but the rest remained as a strengthened occupation force until December 1941, during which they fought off local attacks.

5724: 5195: 6077: 6122: 5991: 5744: 5477: 5434: 1217:) in Cetinje in order to "declare the restoration of Montenegro". The declaration would abolish the November 1918 union with Serbia, Montenegro's relationship to the Serb 1457: 4533: 1338:

nationalists having closer ties with Serbia and a "frontier" mentality towards Muslims. The communists wanted to continue with the revolution by turning against their

5952: 5406: 1333:

nationalists contacted the Italians and offered to assist them to fight the Partisans. Subsequently, the nationalists, including Đurišić who was popular in his own

744: 813:

and ceased to exist as an independent state. From 1922 onward, as part of the KSCS and then Yugoslavia, Montenegro was not a subdivision of the state. A period of

6014: 5472: 5233: 5228: 5223: 2211:. Lipovac was killed in the aftermath of the war by the Partisans after trying to flee Yugoslavia in 1945. The Catholic Church was divided into two dioceses, the 2200: 2192: 6117: 6107: 5749: 5290: 5203: 3515: 1471: 1358: 5533: 1906: 1173: 5391: 3844: 1424:

In the autumn of 1941, the nationalists contacted the Italian occupation forces offering to assist the Italians to fight the Partisans. In early February,

1345:

As a result of the uprising, the Italians decided to abolish Mazzolini's position as High Commissioner. On 3 October 1941, the territory was retitled the

6112: 6102: 6067: 5879: 5285: 4416: 4254: 1243:

on 12 July. Initially there were manifestations of approval in the main cities of Montenegro, but in the country's interior the feelings were different.

3528:(in Serbo-Croatian) (Ličnost i djelo Milovana Đilasa; Zbornik radova s međunarodnog naučnog simpozijuma ed.). Nikšić: Filozofski fakultet Nikšić. 4517: 4168: 662: 1172:

quickly developed grievances against the Italians. These grievances mainly related to the expulsion of Montenegrin people from the Kosovo region and

1021:

enacted by the Italians indicate that Montenegro was close to becoming an Italian province. Italian flags were distributed and flown, photographs of

5238: 4337: 4031: 1924:, but was under the operational control of Montenegro Command. On 15 May 1943, Montenegro Command was combined with the 9th Army and the 2nd Army's 144: 5853: 5526: 5378: 4175: 3995: 790: 677: 503: 411: 4024: 2082: 2006: 1885: 1881: 1432:

in central Montenegro, allowing the besieged Italians to break out and defeat the Partisans. Soon after, Stanišić helped the Italians to re-take

1377:

believe that the document was a forgery made by Đurišić after he failed to reach Mihailović, who, because German forces in Serbia had mounted an

1160:. Drljević rejected the idea of the re-formation of Yugoslavia after the war, and was willing to work with the Italians to achieve independence. 687: 1454:

to command all nationalist forces in Montenegro. The election of Đukanović was accepted by Mihailović, and may have even been suggested by him.

5800: 5658: 5330: 5318: 992:, which had its headquarters in Albania. The 9th Army was also responsible for those parts of Kosovo and western Macedonia annexed to Albania. 6137: 6037: 4180: 3812: 3793: 3757: 3732: 3704: 3683: 3645: 3606: 3571: 3533: 3491: 3472: 3449: 3412: 3384: 3365: 3339: 3317: 3294: 2663:"Photos of the "Reggenza" creation, showing Italian and Montenegrin authorities under the King of Italy and the King of Montenegro paintings" 2026: 4510: 4156: 4078: 1957: 1899: 6072: 6057: 6031: 1288: 1053: 781:. Although the Italians had intended to establish a quasi-independent Montenegrin kingdom, these plans were permanently shelved after a 737: 5454: 5213: 1225:

with Montenegro, and offered no real independence to the new state, nearly all of the delegates returned to their towns and villages.

905: 91: 1124:

wrote that the Queen of Italy (considered the most influential Montenegrin woman in history) convinced her husband the King of Italy

5345: 4193: 4083: 2212: 708: 5970: 5180: 1090: 970: 1486:

Between 30 November and 2 December 1942, Chetniks from Montenegro and Sandžak met at a conference in the village of Šahovići near

5917: 5867: 5790: 5734: 5353: 5300: 5278: 5072: 4579: 4551: 4389: 4249: 4012: 2216: 2204: 1045: 682: 5912: 5358: 4231: 4124: 4073: 3837: 1979: 830: 565: 4990: 1598: 4561: 4426: 4280: 3955: 2148: 2123: 2103: 2059: 1681:

of the resulting uprising, Biroli was appointed governor of the territory, which was known as the Governorate of Montenegro (

1444: 978: 730: 631: 545: 4849: 3763: 3651: 3612: 3577: 3418: 1145: 774: 4744: 4185: 4063: 1252: 1229: 782: 375: 1397:

1942, his Chetnik detachment became more active, especially in eastern Montenegro and the Sandžak against local Muslims.

1266:), who "stood for close ties to Serbia", and former Yugoslav Army officers, some of whom had recently been released from 1218: 821:

resulted in some transfer of population from mountainous areas of Montenegro to other areas of Yugoslavia, including the

5978: 5719: 5586: 5459: 5411: 4556: 4144: 4134: 4088: 4053: 3898: 1892: 1578: 1362: 1236: 1157: 1130: 1075: 1026: 977:. The Germans later withdrew, leaving the Italians to occupy the area. The occupation forces initially consisted of the 5103: 3893: 6097: 6092: 6087: 5805: 5759: 5689: 5467: 5323: 5248: 4456: 4068: 1437: 1406: 1232:

was willing to accept the throne, so the National Assembly decided to establish a "Regency" under the nominal rule of

1169: 84: 3539: 5965: 5549: 5507: 5429: 4674: 4594: 4537: 4439: 4342: 4297: 4226: 4129: 4114: 3985: 3960: 3830: 3349: 1211:

Italian authorities. In early July, the town and village committees sent their delegates to the National Assembly (

647: 5884: 5874: 5754: 5396: 5258: 5208: 4198: 5764: 5253: 1495: 1284: 4434: 4394: 4369: 4163: 4139: 1844:

Heads of various National collaborationist Administrative Committees within Italian governorate of Montenegro.

1832: 1825: 1304: 1078: 262: 249: 5042: 4945: 4905: 1861: 1451: 1059: 893: 322: 5335: 4859: 4809: 4629: 4384: 4307: 4302: 4266: 4151: 4119: 4058: 4041: 2196: 1574: 1378: 1114: 909: 606: 194: 183: 5502: 4444: 4406: 4102: 3785: 3675: 1530: 1467: 1134: 1037: 958: 945: 861: 786: 349: 5057: 4950: 4900: 4694: 1499: 1321: 1275: 116:

The Governorate of Montenegro is shown on this map of the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia to the immediate

6062: 5578: 5243: 4482: 4329: 4261: 4244: 4214: 4019: 3973: 3965: 3862: 1648:

valley were incorporated into the German-occupied territory of Serbia, including the towns of Kukavica,

1522: 1512: 806: 657: 626: 554: 490: 4980: 4930: 4915: 4669: 4619: 1664:. In addition to the modifications to the western border mentioned above, some of the western Sandžak, 6132: 5619: 4995: 4880: 4799: 4724: 4624: 4364: 4347: 4317: 3928: 3749: 3724: 3557: 1382: 1370: 1295:

was shocked by the uprising, and was concerned about the ability of the Italian Army to suppress it.

1267: 718: 713: 652: 616: 1593:, then via Dobricevo to the Adriatic. Along its coastline and southeastern borders, Montenegro lost 6006: 5812: 5795: 5650: 5313: 5185: 5062: 4940: 4784: 4764: 4749: 4491: 4411: 4399: 4379: 4374: 4352: 4292: 3948: 1921: 1491: 1361:. The leader of the Chetniks in that territory was Mihailović, who wouldo enjoy the support of the 1339: 1271: 1259: 1125: 1110: 1071: 1044:

On their arrival in Cetinje, the Italian forces had been met by the group of separatists known as "

901: 885: 770: 5052: 4895: 4885: 4759: 4502: 2199:

in 1920, the Serbian Orthodox Church was the dominant church among Montenegrins, divided into the

1660:. Also included in the German-occupied territory of Serbia was the eastern Sandžak, incorporating 1425: 1280: 5907: 5614: 5609: 5363: 4463: 4451: 3933: 3918: 3357: 1815: 1641: 1106: 1017: 1009: 989: 985: 822: 237: 128: 102: 5067: 5021: 4960: 4890: 4839: 4824: 4819: 4719: 4699: 4679: 1848: 1153: 291: 17: 5986: 5862: 5729: 5624: 5424: 5386: 5273: 5077: 4925: 4834: 4829: 4779: 4774: 4689: 4684: 4664: 3943: 3888: 3808: 3789: 3753: 3728: 3700: 3679: 3641: 3602: 3567: 3529: 3487: 3468: 3445: 3408: 3404: 3380: 3361: 3335: 3313: 3290: 2208: 2180: 1801: 1534: 1308: 1222: 1191: 1000:

On 17 April, the commander of the XVII Corps, Generale di Corpo d'Armata (Lieutenant General)

897: 810: 621: 601: 198: 5960: 5944: 5419: 5144: 5113: 5047: 4975: 4970: 4955: 4920: 4910: 4864: 4794: 4739: 4729: 4709: 4584: 4357: 3908: 3592: 3327: 3278: 1925: 1682: 1618: 1517: 1390: 1258:

and the "Greens". The insurgents also included large numbers of Serb nationalists known as "

1195: 1149: 1121: 1098: 1086: 1022: 1001: 924: 762: 179: 63: 48: 6001: 5444: 5218: 5175: 5118: 5016: 4654: 3714: 2188: 1710: 1602: 1386: 1030: 962: 826: 818: 814: 4844: 4789: 4649: 1657: 1590: 1176:, as well as the influx of refugees from other parts of Yugoslavia and those fleeing the 1521:

Uprising in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia (including occupied territory of Montenegro) after

4985: 4965: 4814: 4769: 4734: 4704: 4007: 3668: 3627: 3394: 1877: 1503:

dictatorship. It also laid claim to parts of the territory of Yugoslavia's neighbours.

1316: 1292: 920: 611: 452: 2072:

as above, less Višegrad garrison which was replaced by German forces in December 1942

1692: 6051: 5817: 5308: 5139: 5093: 5011: 4854: 4804: 4754: 4714: 4634: 3978: 3438: 3286: 2040: 1768: 1562: 1334: 1233: 841: 667: 98: 5518: 1669: 1545:

By 31 July 1941, the population of the occupied territory was estimated at 411,000.

1393:

consider the document to be authentic and attribute the instructions to Mihailović.

1357:

In early November 1941, a split developed between the Chetniks and Partisans in the

1270:. Officers were in command with the communists doing the organisation and providing 904:. In May 1940, as a means of opposing the government, the Montenegrin branch of the 5939: 5849: 5642: 5553: 5123: 4659: 4639: 4312: 3873: 3433: 1731: 1570: 1487: 1374: 1033: 1016:, and would be basis of a provisional government of Montenegro. On 28 April, Count 951: 873: 794: 778: 580: 456: 336: 1763: 1433: 1141: 3779: 3743: 3718: 3694: 3631: 3596: 3561: 3398: 5098: 5026: 2184: 2096: 2052: 1748: 1718: 1628:

Western and central Kosovo were also annexed to Albania, including the towns of

1614: 1606: 1582: 1529:

On 3 September 1943 (but not made public until the 8th), the Italians concluded

1429: 1240: 966: 955: 889: 877: 213: 202: 4935: 4644: 3853: 2048: 1758: 1753: 1661: 1653: 1645: 1554: 1412: 1366: 1063:

Alliance coat of arms of King Victor Emanuel III and Queen Elena of Montenegro

845: 692: 528: 769:) existed from October 1941 to September 1943 as an occupied territory under 159: 146: 5996: 5439: 5108: 3637: 3464: 1778: 1610: 1187: 928: 917: 881: 4589: 3334:. Translated by Michael B. Petrovich. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2162: 1788: 1633: 1566: 1177: 1428:

withdrew two units under his command from the insurgent front-line around

5681: 5167: 3745:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration

3633:

Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War

3503:

Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret 1941–1945

3309: 1773: 1649: 1637: 1594: 1199: 974: 138: 1140:

The Italians were relying heavily on information provided by a group of

3506: 1993: 1971: 1794: 1743: 1665: 1629: 1622: 1558: 1325: 1082: 1005: 865: 857: 6143:

Countries and territories where Serbo-Croatian is an official language

3822: 1133:

never accepted the offered crown, pledging loyalty to his nephew King

5482: 3880: 2044: 1783: 1725: 1182: 1013: 853: 849: 596: 532: 3781:

Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina

3283:

Empire on the Adriatic: Mussolini's Conquest of Yugoslavia 1941–1943

1613:

along the Yugoslav-Albanian border, and a significant amount of the

829:

regions. This population movement also achieved a political goal of

1067:

The Italians were "friendly and lenient" towards the Montenegrins.

1736: 1691: 1586: 1516: 1456: 1094: 1058: 869: 3598:

The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005

3178: 3176: 4236: 1696:

Administrative map of the Italian Governate of Montenegro (1941)

1056:

for matters of civil administration in the occupied territory.

834: 5522: 4506: 3826: 3377:

Draža Mihailović and the Rise of the Četnik Movement, 1941–1945

1470:, bring him to power. He had taken a similar approach with the 3193: 3191: 2787: 2785: 1202:

to start the communist struggle against the occupying forces.

3151: 3149: 3088: 3086: 3032: 3030: 3028: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2528: 2526: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2712: 2710: 2645: 2643: 2603: 2601: 2445: 2443: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 118:

west of Albania shown in white and a darker shade of green.

5685:(nominally Allied, extensively collaborated with the Axis) 3720:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks

3563:

Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia

3220: 3218: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 973:. The Italians moved through on 16 April on their way to 961:, the Zeta Banovina was attacked, by Germans coming from 3049: 3047: 3045: 2630: 2628: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2343: 2341: 1876:

The 13 July – 12 August uprising was suppressed by

1569:, incorporating a Muslim minority numbering 80,000. The 1324:, who would eventually become the titular leader of the 3517:"Lijeve greške" Milovana Đilasa ili partijski silogizam 1381:

targeting Mihailović's forces, had been driven out of

3522:"Leftist errors" of Milovan Đilas, or Party Syllogism 3805:

Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro

1212: 1036:

was made compulsory. Arrangements were made to form

844:(province) of Yugoslavia included all of modern-day 5932: 5893: 5832: 5779: 5708: 5701: 5674: 5635: 5602: 5567: 5560: 5453: 5405: 5372: 5344: 5299: 5194: 5166: 5157: 5132: 5086: 5035: 5004: 4873: 4610: 4603: 4570: 4544: 4425: 4328: 4279: 4213: 4101: 4040: 3861: 524: 448: 434: 425: 408: 395: 385: 372: 359: 346: 332: 316: 301: 285: 273: 255: 243: 231: 219: 209: 189: 175: 134: 124: 32: 3667: 3601:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 3461:The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance 3437: 3306:L'occupazione italiana della Iugoslavia, 1941–1943 362: 1461:German mountain forces in Montenegro, June 1943 1089:, after he occupied Montenegro, annexed to the 6015:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 3807:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 2740: 2201:Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral 6083:States and territories disestablished in 1943 5693:(rogue faction of the Chetnik movement, 1945) 5534: 4518: 3838: 3304:Caccamo, Francesco; Monzali, Luciano (2008). 3209: 3197: 3182: 3128: 1857:(as the President of the Governing Committee) 1385:. In contrast, historians Matteo J. Milazzo, 1359:Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia 738: 55: 40: 27:1941–1943 Italian-occupied area of Yugoslavia 8: 6128:1943 disestablishments in the Italian Empire 3467:, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 5953:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943) 5407:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943) 5392:National Army of Montenegro and Herzegovina 2179:The predominant religion in Montenegro was 1840:Heads of National Administrative Committees 1609:, the town of Ulcinj, an area northeast of 6078:States and territories established in 1941 5897: 5783: 5712: 5705: 5571: 5564: 5541: 5527: 5519: 5286:SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak 5163: 4607: 4525: 4511: 4503: 4285: 4219: 4107: 4046: 3845: 3831: 3823: 3693:Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, Krunoslav (1995). 3248: 3167: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3077: 3065: 3036: 2995: 2983: 2947: 2911: 2887: 2851: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2764: 2716: 2701: 2649: 2607: 2592: 2532: 2449: 2434: 2415: 2379: 2332: 2296: 1029:were displayed in public offices, and the 916:, KPJ) advocated that Royal Yugoslav Army 848:, as well as adjacent parts of modern-day 745: 731: 539: 110: 29: 6123:1941 establishments in the Italian Empire 3260: 1105:), where there was a small population of 2899: 2839: 2776: 2580: 2347: 2320: 1931: 797:forces which withdrew in December 1944. 5379:German occupied territory of Montenegro 5291:Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft 3996:German occupied territory of Montenegro 3566:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3444:. New York: New York University Press. 3236: 3224: 3155: 3140: 3053: 3019: 3007: 2971: 2935: 2923: 2875: 2728: 2634: 2619: 2553: 2517: 2505: 2484: 2472: 2403: 2267: 2255: 2248: 2228: 1866:(as the Head of the National Committee) 1835:(13 July 1943 – 10 September 1943) 864:. The capital of the Zeta Banovina was 700: 639: 588: 572: 553: 542: 504:German-occupied territory of Montenegro 424: 5331:1st Belgrade Special Combat detachment 2391: 2308: 1864:(24 July 1942 – 19 October 1943) 2959: 2863: 2752: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 1851:(12 July 1941 – 3 October 1941, 807:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 433: 429: 407: 394: 384: 371: 358: 345: 341: 315: 311: 300: 284: 280: 272: 254: 242: 230: 226: 218: 7: 6118:1943 disestablishments in Yugoslavia 6108:1943 disestablishments in Montenegro 1818:(28 April 1941 – 23 July 1941) 1004:received a message from the Italian 872:areas of the Zeta Banovina from the 791:territory of Montenegro was occupied 2012:December 1941 – September 1943 1573:was annexed as part of the Italian 3788:: Texas A&M University Press. 3514:Pavlićević, Veselin-Mitko (2014). 2091:December 1941 – February 1942 1828:(23 July 1941 – 13 July 1943) 25: 6113:1941 establishments in Yugoslavia 6103:1941 establishments in Montenegro 6068:World War II occupied territories 5374:Italian governorate of Montenegro 3991:Italian governorate of Montenegro 3696:Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941–45 2213:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar 2068:August 1942 – September 1943 1988:August 1942 – September 1943 1353:Chetnik commanders for Montenegro 759:Italian governorate of Montenegro 5918:Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia 5791:Government of National Salvation 5354:Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia 5301:Government of National Salvation 4552:Government of National Salvation 3379:. New York: Garland Publishing. 2217:Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje 2161:between Danilovgrad, Nikšić and 2039:HQ: Pljevlja, with garrisons at 2035:December 1941 – August 1942 2007:19th Infantry Division "Venezia" 1966:December 1941 – August 1942 1882:19th Infantry Division "Venezia" 1880:'s XIV Corps, consisting of the 1239:. The declaration was passed by 984:, which was part of the Italian 914:Komunistička partija Jugoslavije 564: 508: 483: 90: 83: 18:Italian occupation of Montenegro 3766:from the original on 2023-01-12 3699:. New York: Osprey Publishing. 3670:Croatia: A Nation Forged in War 3654:from the original on 2023-02-15 3615:from the original on 2023-01-12 3580:from the original on 2023-02-13 3421:from the original on 2023-01-14 2669:from the original on 2019-02-12 2183:. There was also a significant 1809:Italian Governors in Montenegro 5662:(limited involvement, 1944–45) 5460:Independent State of Macedonia 5346:Slovene military organizations 5181:Lim-Sandžak Chetnik Detachment 4562:Independent State of Macedonia 4538:Yugoslavia during World War II 3640:: Cambridge University Press. 2132:May 1943 – September 1943 1307:, placed the commander of the 950:In April 1941, as part of the 1: 5168:Chetnik movement (broad term) 3752:: Stanford University Press. 3727:: Stanford University Press. 2570:. Turin: Bollati Boringhieri. 2193:Metropolitanate of Montenegro 2112:February 1942 – May 1943 1996:and Bar in the Southern zone 1974:and Bar in the Southern zone 1577:, and the border between the 1253:Uprising in Montenegro (1941) 1198:, arrived in Montenegro from 906:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 805:Prior to the creation of the 387:• Independence canceled 6138:Former governorates of Italy 6038:People of the Yugoslav Front 5979:German occupation of Albania 5720:Independent State of Croatia 5659:National Liberation Movement 5587:Yugoslav government-in-exile 5412:German occupation of Albania 4557:Independent State of Croatia 4032:2006 independence referendum 3484:Montenegro: A Modern History 3400:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe 3354:Montenegro: The Divided Land 2568:Il nuovo ordine mediterraneo 1687:Governatorato del Montenegro 1581:and Montenegro followed the 1579:Independent State of Croatia 1531:an armistice with the Allies 1490:. Three Chetnik commanders, 1363:Yugoslav government-in-exile 1347:Governatorato del Montenegro 1158:Montenegrin Federalist Party 1131:Prince Michael of Montenegro 785:in July 1941. Following the 767:Governatorato del Montenegro 589:Middle Ages and early modern 42:Governatorato del Montenegro 5806:Montenegrin Volunteer Corps 5690:Montenegrin Volunteer Corps 5468:Bulgarian Action Committees 5324:Montenegrin Volunteer Corps 3803:Roberts, Elizabeth (2007). 3459:Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). 1605:, a strip of land north of 1561:, and some villages around 1474:in German-occupied Serbia. 1420:Collaboration with Italians 1407:Leftist errors (Yugoslavia) 1206:Declaration of independence 1074:was a daughter of the last 1054:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1049: 913: 837:population in those areas. 363:Declaration of independence 6159: 6073:Yugoslavia in World War II 6058:Montenegro in World War II 6032:World War II in Yugoslavia 5854:German occupied Montenegro 5508:World War II in Yugoslavia 4595:Yugoslav National Movement 3482:Morrison, Kenneth (2009). 2741:Caccamo & Monzali 2008 2205:Eparchy of Budimlje-Nikšić 2157:March – November 1942 2047:, and in the NDH at Foča, 1672:were included in the NDH. 1510: 1404: 1250: 943: 6027: 5900: 5885:Montenegrin National Army 5841:Governorate of Montenegro 5786: 5715: 5574: 5495: 5397:Montenegrin National Army 5209:Croatian Air Force Legion 4991:Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin 4476: 4288: 4222: 4110: 4049: 3778:Velkonija, Mitja (2003). 3742:Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). 3678:: Yale University Press. 3486:. New York: I.B. Tauris. 3375:Karchmar, Lucien (1987). 3210:Thomas & Mikulan 1995 3198:Thomas & Mikulan 1995 3183:Thomas & Mikulan 1995 3129:Thomas & Mikulan 1995 2187:population and a smaller 2076: 2020: 1951: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1144:loyalists of the deposed 868:. In August 1939, ethnic 462: 444: 430: 421: 342: 328: 312: 297: 281: 269: 227: 109: 80: 75: 57:Гувернаторат за Црну Гору 56: 34:Governorate of Montenegro 5904:Slovene Axis supporters 4255:Mobile network operators 3501:Pajović, Radoje (1977). 3407:: The Lawbook Exchange. 2566:Rodogno, Davide (2003). 2104:155th Infantry Division 1980:151st Infantry Division 1833:Curio Barbasetti di Prun 1826:Alessandro Pirzio Biroli 1305:Alessandro Pirzio Biroli 1289:Italian Foreign Minister 1146:House of Petrović-Njegoš 263:Curio Barbasetti di Prun 250:Alessandro Pirzio Biroli 5801:Serbian Volunteer Corps 5336:Belgrade Special Police 5319:Serbian Volunteer Corps 3666:Tanner, Marcus (1997). 3440:Bosnia: A Short History 2197:Serbian Orthodox Church 2124:23rd Infantry Division 2083:18th Infantry Division 1958:48th Infantry Division 1907:22nd Infantry Division 1900:48th Infantry Division 1886:18th Infantry Division 1575:Governorate of Dalmatia 1445:19th Infantry Division 1438:48th Infantry Division 1411:The Partisans occupied 1313:Generale d'Corpo Armata 1230:Petrović-Njegoš dynasty 1115:Governorate of Dalmatia 979:18th Infantry Division 884:were merged with a new 789:in September 1943, the 640:Modern and contemporary 399:Governorate established 5992:SS Skanderbeg Division 5875:Sandžak Muslim militia 5503:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5259:Sandžak Muslim militia 3786:College Station, Texas 3676:New Haven, Connecticut 1820:(as High Commissioner) 1779:Podgorizza (Podgorica) 1697: 1686: 1526: 1462: 1213: 1135:Peter II of Yugoslavia 1120:The English historian 1064: 959:invasion of Yugoslavia 946:Invasion of Yugoslavia 862:Bosnia and Herzegovina 817:immediately after the 766: 41: 5880:SS Regiment Sandschak 5740:SS Handschar Division 5579:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 5568:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 5244:Croatian Naval Legion 5196:Croatian Armed Forces 4245:Economy of Montenegro 4020:Serbia and Montenegro 3974:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 3558:Pavlowitch, Stevan K. 3505:(in Serbo-Croatian). 3312:, Italy: Le Lettere. 1914:Cacciatori delle Alpi 1909:Cacciatori delle Alpi 1695: 1523:capitulation of Italy 1520: 1513:Capitulation of Italy 1460: 1315:(Lieutenant General) 1268:prisoner-of-war camps 1062: 892:of Zeta Banovina was 627:Sanjak of Herzegovina 491:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 376:Anti-Italian uprising 176:Common languages 160:42.38944°N 18.92306°E 5620:Macedonian Partisans 5455:Bulgarian occupation 4675:Muhamed Hadžiefendić 4417:World Heritage Sites 3750:Stanford, California 3725:Stanford, California 3360:: Chronicles Press. 2235:as High Commissioner 2149:6th Alpine Division 2060:1st Alpine Division 2027:5th Alpine Division 1933:Garrison formations 1893:5th Alpine Division 1507:Italian capitulation 1472:"legalised Chetniks" 1371:Stevan K. Pavlowitch 1272:political commissars 1219:Karađorđević dynasty 1072:Queen Elena of Italy 653:Sanjak of Novi Pazar 617:Sanjak of Montenegro 607:Principality of Zeta 303:Head of the National 5796:Serbian State Guard 5765:Hadžiefendić Legion 5314:Serbian State Guard 5254:Hadžiefendić Legion 5214:Croatian Home Guard 5104:Aćif Hadžiahmetović 4181:Intelligence agency 3949:Kingdom of Dalmatia 3509:, Yugoslavia: Obod. 3251:, pp. 138–139. 3158:, pp. 100–101. 3080:, pp. 211–212. 3068:, pp. 210–211. 2986:, pp. 104–106. 2950:, pp. 256–261. 2866:, pp. 144–145. 2818:, pp. 140–142. 2595:, pp. 139–140. 2520:, pp. 101–102. 2270:, pp. 134–136. 1934: 1617:district including 1482:Šahovići conference 1237:Victor Emmanuel III 1126:Victor Emmanuel III 1111:Province of Cattaro 1076:Montenegrin monarch 1048:" (Serbo-Croatian: 925:military discipline 902:Royal Yugoslav Army 886:Banovina of Croatia 771:military government 673:Italian governorate 156: / 6098:1943 in Montenegro 6093:1942 in Montenegro 6088:1941 in Montenegro 5908:Slovene Home Guard 5870:movement, 1942–44) 5615:Croatian Partisans 5610:Yugoslav Partisans 5364:Slovene Home Guard 5204:Croatian Air Force 4946:Vojislav Lukačević 4931:Dragutin Keserović 4916:Dragomir Jovanović 4906:Dobroslav Jevđević 4670:Miroslav Filipović 4620:Mehmed Alajbegović 4250:Telecommunications 4013:Socialist Republic 3919:Illyrian Provinces 3358:Rockford, Illinois 1932: 1816:Serafino Mazzolini 1698: 1642:Kosovska Mitrovica 1527: 1463: 1107:Dalmatian Italians 1065: 1018:Serafino Mazzolini 1010:Francesco Jacomoni 996:Initial occupation 969:and Italians from 683:Socialist republic 602:Crown land of Zeta 581:Roman Praevalitana 350:Italian occupation 238:Serafino Mazzolini 165:42.38944; 18.92306 129:Occupied territory 6045: 6044: 6023: 6022: 5928: 5927: 5828: 5827: 5775: 5774: 5745:Army (Home Guard) 5670: 5669: 5625:Slovene Partisans 5598: 5597: 5550:Yugoslav factions 5516: 5515: 5491: 5490: 5153: 5152: 4996:Svetozar Vujković 4860:Vjekoslav Vrančić 4780:Miroslav Navratil 4725:Vjekoslav Luburić 4625:Andrija Artuković 4500: 4499: 4472: 4471: 4275: 4274: 4209: 4208: 4176:Political parties 4125:Foreign relations 4097: 4096: 3944:Venetian Province 3814:978-0-8014-4601-6 3795:978-1-58544-226-3 3759:978-0-8047-3615-2 3734:978-0-8047-0857-9 3706:978-1-85532-473-2 3685:978-0-300-06933-4 3647:978-0-521-84515-1 3608:978-0-253-34656-8 3593:Ramet, Sabrina P. 3573:978-1-85065-895-5 3535:978-86-7798-082-5 3493:978-1-84511-710-8 3474:978-0-8018-1589-8 3451:978-0-8147-5520-4 3414:978-1-58477-901-8 3405:Clark, New Jersey 3386:978-0-8240-8027-3 3367:978-0-9619364-9-5 3341:978-0-15-694712-1 3319:978-88-6087-113-8 3296:978-1-929631-35-3 3279:Burgwyn, H. James 3185:, pp. 11–12. 3022:, pp. 81–82. 2914:, pp. 79–80. 2854:, pp. 78–79. 2830:, pp. 75–78. 2794:, pp. 75–76. 2209:Joanikije Lipovac 2195:unified with the 2181:Eastern Orthodoxy 2168: 2167: 2144:Northwestern zone 1872:Occupation forces 1854: 1658:Trepča zinc mines 1589:region as far as 1535:summary execution 1525:in September 1943 1301:Generale d’Armata 1228:No member of the 1214:Narodna Skupština 1192:Central Committee 1174:Bačka and Baranya 898:brigadier general 811:Kingdom of Serbia 787:Italian surrender 755: 754: 688:Constituent state 678:German occupation 622:Sanjak of Scutari 538: 537: 520: 519: 516: 515: 496: 495: 417:12 September 1943 412:German occupation 318:• 1942–1943 287:• July 1941 245:• 1941–1943 199:Roman Catholicism 195:Eastern Orthodoxy 16:(Redirected from 6150: 6011: 5983: 5975: 5961:Albanian Militia 5957: 5949: 5898: 5871: 5858: 5845: 5813:Pećanac Chetniks 5784: 5755:Air Force Legion 5713: 5706: 5694: 5686: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5591: 5583: 5572: 5565: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5520: 5420:Albanian Militia 5269:23rd SS Division 5264:13th SS Division 5186:Pećanac Chetniks 5164: 5145:Hristo Tatarchev 5114:Rexhep Mitrovica 5073:Mihailo Ivanović 5063:Zaharije Ostojić 4951:Draža Mihailović 4941:Dimitrije Ljotić 4785:Sulejman Pačariz 4765:Husein Miljković 4750:Vladimir Metikoš 4710:Slavko Kvaternik 4695:Džafer Kulenović 4608: 4585:Slovene Covenant 4527: 4520: 4513: 4504: 4485: 4286: 4240: 4220: 4108: 4047: 4025:Federal Republic 3969: 3956:Prince-Bishopric 3940:Austrian period 3909:Venetian Albania 3905:Venetian period 3899:under Crnojevići 3847: 3840: 3833: 3824: 3818: 3799: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3738: 3715:Tomasevich, Jozo 3710: 3689: 3673: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3544: 3538:. Archived from 3527: 3510: 3497: 3478: 3455: 3443: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3390: 3371: 3345: 3323: 3300: 3289:: Enigma Books. 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3186: 3180: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3040: 3034: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2705: 2699: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2638: 2632: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2536: 2530: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2453: 2447: 2438: 2432: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2351: 2345: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2236: 2233: 1938:Occupation zone 1935: 1867: 1858: 1852: 1821: 1774:Plevje (Pljevja) 1557:, Bijelo Polje, 1492:Zaharije Ostojić 1401:"Leftist errors" 1391:Sabrina P. Ramet 1322:Draža Mihailović 1223:Italian monarchy 1216: 1122:Denis Mack Smith 1091:Kingdom of Italy 1087:Benito Mussolini 1081:and was born in 1023:Benito Mussolini 1002:Giuseppe Pafundi 840:After 1929, the 783:popular uprising 747: 740: 733: 632:Prince-Bishopric 568: 558: 540: 512: 511: 500: 499: 487: 486: 480: 479: 464: 463: 400: 304: 265: 205: 171: 170: 168: 167: 166: 161: 157: 154: 153: 152: 149: 119: 114: 103:Montenegrin flag 94: 87: 67: 59: 58: 52: 44: 30: 21: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6019: 6009: 6002:Kosovo Regiment 5981: 5973: 5955: 5947: 5924: 5913:Legion of Death 5889: 5865: 5856: 5843: 5824: 5771: 5697: 5692: 5684: 5666: 5661: 5653: 5645: 5631: 5594: 5589: 5581: 5556: 5547: 5517: 5512: 5487: 5458: 5449: 5445:Kosovo Regiment 5410: 5401: 5377: 5368: 5359:Legion of Death 5340: 5295: 5219:Croatian Legion 5190: 5176:Dinara Division 5159: 5149: 5128: 5119:Shaban Polluzha 5082: 5068:Sekula Drljević 5043:Blažo Đukanović 5031: 5022:Gregorij Rožman 5017:Ernest Peterlin 5000: 4981:Stevo Rađenović 4961:Fehim Musakadić 4891:Jezdimir Dangić 4869: 4840:Tomislav Sertić 4820:Husein Rovčanin 4720:Mladen Lorković 4700:Osman Kulenović 4655:Fedor Dragojlov 4612: 4599: 4572: 4566: 4540: 4531: 4501: 4496: 4488: 4481: 4468: 4421: 4324: 4271: 4238: 4205: 4186:Law enforcement 4093: 4079:Protected areas 4036: 3967: 3925:Ottoman period 3889:under Nemanjići 3857: 3851: 3821: 3815: 3802: 3796: 3777: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3741: 3735: 3713: 3707: 3692: 3686: 3665: 3657: 3655: 3648: 3628:Rodogno, Davide 3626: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3591: 3583: 3581: 3574: 3556: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3525: 3513: 3500: 3494: 3481: 3475: 3458: 3452: 3432: 3424: 3422: 3415: 3395:Lemkin, Raphael 3393: 3387: 3374: 3368: 3350:Fleming, Thomas 3348: 3342: 3326: 3320: 3303: 3297: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3249:Tomasevich 2001 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3189: 3181: 3174: 3168:Pavlowitch 2007 3166: 3162: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3117:Pavlowitch 2007 3115: 3111: 3105:Tomasevich 1975 3103: 3099: 3093:Tomasevich 1975 3091: 3084: 3078:Tomasevich 1975 3076: 3072: 3066:Tomasevich 1975 3064: 3060: 3052: 3043: 3037:Tomasevich 1975 3035: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2996:Pavlićević 2014 2994: 2990: 2984:Pavlowitch 2007 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2948:Tomasevich 1975 2946: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2912:Pavlowitch 2007 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2888:Tomasevich 1975 2886: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2852:Pavlowitch 2007 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2828:Pavlowitch 2007 2826: 2822: 2816:Tomasevich 2001 2814: 2810: 2804:Tomasevich 1975 2802: 2798: 2792:Pavlowitch 2007 2790: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2765:Pavlowitch 2007 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2717:Pavlowitch 2007 2715: 2708: 2702:Tomasevich 1975 2700: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2650:Pavlowitch 2007 2648: 2641: 2633: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2608:Pavlowitch 2007 2606: 2599: 2593:Tomasevich 2001 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2552: 2539: 2533:Tomasevich 2001 2531: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2504: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2456: 2450:Pavlowitch 2007 2448: 2441: 2435:Tomasevich 2001 2433: 2422: 2416:Tomasevich 1975 2414: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2380:Tomasevich 1975 2378: 2374: 2369: 2354: 2346: 2339: 2333:Tomasevich 2001 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2297:Tomasevich 1975 2295: 2274: 2266: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2191:one. Since the 2177: 2158: 2145: 2138: 2133: 2118: 2113: 2092: 2079: 2069: 2036: 2023: 2013: 2003: 1989: 1967: 1954: 1874: 1865: 1862:Blažo Đukanović 1856: 1849:Sekula Drljević 1842: 1819: 1811: 1738:Cattaro (Kotor) 1703: 1678: 1551: 1543: 1515: 1509: 1484: 1452:Blažo Đukanović 1422: 1409: 1403: 1387:Jozo Tomasevich 1355: 1255: 1249: 1208: 1166: 1164:Dissatisfaction 1154:Sekula Drljević 1109:, creating the 998: 948: 942: 937: 894:Blažo Đukanović 819:First World War 815:agrarian reform 803: 751: 556: 549: 531: 509: 484: 455: 437: 414: 401: 398: 388: 378: 365: 352: 323:Blažo Đukanović 319: 302: 292:Sekula Drljević 288: 261: 258: 246: 234: 201: 197: 193: 164: 162: 158: 155: 150: 147: 145: 143: 142: 141: 120: 117: 105: 96: 95: 88: 71: 70: 61: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6156: 6154: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6050: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5987:Balli Kombëtar 5984: 5976: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5950: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5901: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5863:Lovćen Brigade 5860: 5847: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5798: 5787: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5730:Ustaše Militia 5727: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5678: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5656: 5648: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5584: 5575: 5569: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5523: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5425:Balli Kombëtar 5422: 5416: 5414: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5387:Lovćen Brigade 5383: 5381: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5350: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5274:Ustaše Militia 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5234:392nd Division 5231: 5229:373rd Division 5226: 5224:369th Division 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5200: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5078:Novica Radović 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4926:Nikola Kalabić 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4881:Milan Aćimović 4877: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4850:Ivan Tomašević 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4830:Slavko Štancer 4827: 4822: 4817: 4815:Osman Rastoder 4812: 4807: 4802: 4800:Viktor Pavičić 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4745:Ivica Matković 4742: 4737: 4735:Julije Makanec 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4705:Dido Kvaternik 4702: 4697: 4692: 4690:Vladimir Košak 4687: 4685:Božidar Kavran 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4665:Jure Francetić 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4614: 4611:Croatian & 4605: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4545:Puppet regimes 4542: 4541: 4532: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4507: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4247: 4242: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4145:Prime Minister 4137: 4135:Municipalities 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4059:Extreme points 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4028: 4027: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4008:SFR Yugoslavia 4005: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3923: 3922: 3921: 3915:French period 3913: 3912: 3911: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3867: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: articles 3852: 3850: 3849: 3842: 3835: 3827: 3820: 3819: 3813: 3800: 3794: 3775: 3758: 3739: 3733: 3711: 3705: 3690: 3684: 3663: 3646: 3624: 3607: 3589: 3572: 3554: 3534: 3511: 3498: 3492: 3479: 3473: 3456: 3450: 3430: 3413: 3391: 3385: 3372: 3366: 3346: 3340: 3328:Đilas, Milovan 3324: 3318: 3308:(in Italian). 3301: 3295: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3263:, p. 214. 3261:Velkonija 2003 3253: 3241: 3229: 3227:, p. 433. 3214: 3202: 3187: 3172: 3170:, p. 113. 3160: 3145: 3143:, p. 418. 3133: 3121: 3119:, p. 112. 3109: 3107:, p. 171. 3097: 3095:, p. 212. 3082: 3070: 3058: 3041: 3039:, p. 211. 3024: 3012: 3000: 2998:, p. 186. 2988: 2976: 2964: 2962:, p. 145. 2952: 2940: 2928: 2926:, p. 179. 2916: 2904: 2902:, p. 397. 2892: 2890:, p. 170. 2880: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2842:, p. 386. 2832: 2820: 2808: 2806:, p. 156. 2796: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2755:, p. 150. 2745: 2743:, p. 186. 2733: 2721: 2706: 2704:, p. 209. 2679: 2654: 2639: 2624: 2622:, p. 131. 2612: 2597: 2585: 2573: 2558: 2537: 2535:, p. 139. 2522: 2510: 2508:, p. 102. 2489: 2477: 2475:, p. 101. 2454: 2439: 2437:, p. 138. 2420: 2408: 2406:, p. 104. 2396: 2394:, p. 133. 2384: 2372: 2352: 2337: 2325: 2313: 2311:, p. 590. 2301: 2299:, p. 103. 2272: 2260: 2258:, p. 353. 2247: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2207:, both led by 2189:Roman Catholic 2176: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2100: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2056: 2055: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1878:Luigi Mentasti 1873: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1859: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1822: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1734: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1712:Antivari (Bar) 1702: 1699: 1677: 1676:Administration 1674: 1550: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1511:Main article: 1508: 1505: 1483: 1480: 1468:Western Allies 1421: 1418: 1405:Main article: 1402: 1399: 1354: 1351: 1335:Vasojević clan 1317:Luigi Mentasti 1293:Galeazzo Ciano 1251:Main article: 1248: 1245: 1207: 1204: 1165: 1162: 997: 994: 944:Main article: 941: 938: 936: 933: 910:Serbo-Croatian 802: 799: 753: 752: 750: 749: 742: 735: 727: 724: 723: 722: 721: 716: 711: 703: 702: 698: 697: 696: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 642: 641: 637: 636: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 612:Albania Veneta 609: 604: 599: 591: 590: 586: 585: 584: 583: 575: 574: 570: 569: 561: 560: 551: 550: 543: 536: 535: 526: 522: 521: 518: 517: 514: 513: 506: 497: 494: 493: 488: 476: 475: 470: 460: 459: 453:Yugoslav dinar 450: 446: 445: 442: 441: 438: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 409: 406: 405: 404:3 October 1941 402: 396: 393: 392: 389: 386: 383: 382: 379: 373: 370: 369: 366: 360: 357: 356: 353: 347: 344: 343: 340: 339: 334: 333:Historical era 330: 329: 326: 325: 320: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 299: 298: 295: 294: 289: 286: 283: 282: 279: 278: 275: 274:Prime Minister 271: 270: 267: 266: 259: 256: 253: 252: 247: 244: 241: 240: 235: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 191: 187: 186: 184:Serbo-Croatian 177: 173: 172: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 115: 107: 106: 97: 89: 82: 81: 78: 77: 73: 72: 69: 68: 53: 37: 36: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6155: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6033: 6026: 6016: 6013: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5980: 5977: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5954: 5951: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5864: 5861: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5819: 5818:Russian Corps 5816: 5814: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5691: 5688: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5660: 5657: 5652: 5649: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5588: 5585: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5539: 5537: 5532: 5530: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5494: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5435:SS Skanderbeg 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5309:Russian Corps 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5239:Croatian Navy 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5160:organizations 5156: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5140:Ivan Mihailov 5138: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5094:Gajur Deralla 5092: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058:Pavle Đurišić 5056: 5054: 5053:Bajo Stanišić 5051: 5049: 5048:Krsto Popović 5046: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5012:Franc Frakelj 5010: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976:Kosta Pećanac 4974: 4972: 4971:Mihailo Olćan 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Kosta Mušicki 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4921:Milan Kalabić 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4911:Velibor Jonić 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4901:Momčilo Đujić 4899: 4897: 4896:Uroš Drenović 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4886:Petar Baćović 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4865:Hasan Zvizdić 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:Ismet Popovac 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4795:Stijepo Perić 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4760:Ademaga Mešić 4758: 4756: 4755:Josip Metzger 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4740:Nikola Mandić 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4730:Mihajlo Lukić 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4715:Vladimir Laxa 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573:organizations 4569: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534:Collaboration 4528: 4523: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4190:Human rights 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3979:Zeta Banovina 3977: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894:under Balšići 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3870:Roman period 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3841: 3836: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3776: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3671: 3664: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3545:on 2016-03-03 3541: 3537: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3434:Malcolm, Noel 3431: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3262: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3242: 3239:, p. 44. 3238: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3212:, p. 11. 3211: 3206: 3203: 3200:, p. 10. 3199: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3131:, p. 12. 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3056:, p. 82. 3055: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3013: 3010:, p. 81. 3009: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2974:, p. 47. 2973: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2941: 2938:, p. 64. 2937: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2900:Karchmar 1987 2896: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2878:, p. 46. 2877: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840:Karchmar 1987 2836: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2779:, p. 56. 2778: 2777:Morrison 2009 2773: 2770: 2767:, p. 75. 2766: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2731:, p. 11. 2730: 2725: 2722: 2719:, p. 76. 2718: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2652:, p. 74. 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2637:, p. 53. 2636: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2610:, p. 73. 2609: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2583:, p. 52. 2582: 2581:Morrison 2009 2577: 2574: 2569: 2562: 2559: 2556:, p. 43. 2555: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2487:, p. 87. 2486: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2452:, p. 72. 2451: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2418:, p. 83. 2417: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2382:, p. 13. 2381: 2376: 2373: 2370:Pars pro toto 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2350:, p. 49. 2349: 2348:Morrison 2009 2344: 2342: 2338: 2335:, p. 10. 2334: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2321:Morrison 2009 2317: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2242: 2232: 2229: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2185:Sunni Islamic 2182: 2174: 2172: 2171:every month. 2164: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2022:Southern zone 2019: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1953:Northern zone 1950: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1863: 1860: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1546: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500:Pavle Đurišić 1497: 1496:Đorđije Lašić 1493: 1489: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1426:Bajo Stanišić 1419: 1417: 1414: 1408: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1340:class enemies 1336: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:Đorđije Lašić 1282: 1281:Bajo Stanišić 1277: 1276:Pavle Đurišić 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1254: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1196:Milovan Đilas 1193: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Krsto Popović 1147: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1038:Fascist Party 1035: 1032: 1028: 1027:King of Italy 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 995: 993: 991: 987: 983: 982: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 957: 953: 947: 939: 934: 932: 930: 926: 922: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 842:Zeta Banovina 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 800: 798: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 775:Fascist Italy 772: 768: 764: 760: 748: 743: 741: 736: 734: 729: 728: 726: 725: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 705: 704: 699: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 668:Zeta Banovina 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 644: 643: 638: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 593: 592: 587: 582: 579: 578: 577: 576: 571: 567: 563: 562: 559: 552: 547: 541: 534: 530: 527: 525:Today part of 523: 507: 505: 502: 501: 498: 492: 489: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 471: 469: 466: 465: 461: 458: 454: 451: 447: 443: 439: 420: 416: 413: 403: 390: 380: 377: 367: 364: 355:18 April 1941 354: 351: 338: 335: 331: 327: 324: 321: 307: 296: 293: 290: 276: 268: 264: 260: 251: 248: 239: 236: 222: 215: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 185: 181: 178: 174: 169: 140: 137: 133: 130: 127: 123: 113: 108: 104: 100: 99:Flag of Italy 93: 86: 79: 74: 65: 54: 50: 43: 39: 38: 31: 19: 6063:Governorates 6036: 6030: 5840: 5760:Green cadres 5735:Black Legion 5725:Armed Forces 5643:Soviet Union 5554:World War II 5373: 5279:Black Legion 5249:Green cadres 5124:Mefail Shehu 4845:Alija Šuljak 4825:Franjo Šimić 4790:Ante Pavelić 4680:Ivo Herenčić 4660:Mato Dukovac 4650:Eduard Bunić 4640:Rafael Boban 4440:Coat of arms 4343:Architecture 4313:Montenegrins 4298:Demographics 4227:Central Bank 4115:Constitution 3990: 3986:World War II 3961:Principality 3874:Praevalitana 3804: 3780: 3768:. Retrieved 3744: 3719: 3695: 3669: 3656:. Retrieved 3632: 3617:. Retrieved 3597: 3582:. Retrieved 3562: 3547:. Retrieved 3540:the original 3521: 3516: 3502: 3483: 3460: 3439: 3423:. Retrieved 3399: 3376: 3353: 3331: 3305: 3282: 3271:Bibliography 3256: 3244: 3237:Milazzo 1975 3232: 3225:Rodogno 2006 3205: 3163: 3156:Rodogno 2006 3141:Rodogno 2006 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3073: 3061: 3054:Milazzo 1975 3020:Milazzo 1975 3015: 3008:Milazzo 1975 3003: 2991: 2979: 2972:Milazzo 1975 2967: 2955: 2943: 2936:Milazzo 1975 2931: 2924:Malcolm 1994 2919: 2907: 2895: 2883: 2876:Milazzo 1975 2871: 2859: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2729:Milazzo 1975 2724: 2671:. Retrieved 2657: 2635:Rodogno 2006 2620:Fleming 2002 2615: 2588: 2576: 2567: 2561: 2554:Milazzo 1975 2518:Rodogno 2006 2513: 2506:Rodogno 2006 2485:Burgwyn 2005 2480: 2473:Rodogno 2006 2411: 2404:Pajović 1977 2399: 2387: 2375: 2328: 2323:, p. X. 2316: 2304: 2268:Rodogno 2006 2263: 2256:Roberts 2007 2251: 2231: 2178: 2169: 2150: 2125: 2105: 2084: 2061: 2028: 2002:Eastern zone 1981: 1959: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1901: 1894: 1887: 1875: 1843: 1800: 1793: 1737: 1724: 1717: 1711: 1704: 1679: 1627: 1607:Lake Scutari 1601:, including 1571:Bay of Kotor 1552: 1544: 1541:Demographics 1528: 1488:Bijelo Polje 1485: 1476: 1464: 1446: 1439: 1423: 1410: 1395: 1375:Noel Malcolm 1356: 1346: 1344: 1331: 1312: 1300: 1297: 1263: 1256: 1234:Italian King 1227: 1209: 1194:of the KPJ, 1170:Montenegrins 1167: 1139: 1119: 1102: 1093:the area of 1069: 1066: 1043: 1034:Roman salute 1008:in Albania, 999: 980: 949: 874:Bay of Kotor 839: 804: 779:World War II 758: 756: 672: 648:Principality 473:Succeeded by 472: 467: 457:Italian lira 436:• 1941 391:24 July 1941 381:13 July 1941 368:12 July 1941 337:World War II 257:• 1943 233:• 1941 6133:Axis powers 5956:(1939–1943) 5654:(1944-1945) 5646:(1944–1945) 5590:(1941–1945) 5099:Xhafer Deva 5036:Montenegrin 5027:Leon Rupnik 4986:Mane Rokvić 4966:Milan Nedić 4835:Dinko Šakić 4775:Ante Nikšić 4770:Ljubo Miloš 4385:News Agency 4199:LGBT rights 2392:Tanner 1997 2309:Lemkin 2008 2097:Castelnuovo 2016:HQ: Berane 1749:Danilovgrad 1732:Bijelopolje 1719:Andrijevica 1615:Andrijevica 1430:Danilovgrad 1241:acclamation 1152:and one by 1113:inside the 967:Herzegovina 927:, and even 896:, a former 888:. The last 663:Zeta Oblast 555:History of 468:Preceded by 214:Governorate 203:Sunni Islam 163: / 6052:Categories 6029:See also: 5966:Skanderbeg 5833:Montenegro 5430:Skanderbeg 4936:Rade Korda 4855:Ante Vokić 4810:Ivan Prpić 4645:Mile Budak 4635:Mijo Babić 4630:Ivan Babić 4571:Political 4390:Newspapers 4370:Literature 4239:(currency) 4164:Parliament 4140:Government 3854:Montenegro 3770:2016-10-15 3658:2020-09-19 3619:2016-10-15 3584:2016-10-15 3549:2014-07-28 3425:2016-10-15 2960:Ramet 2006 2864:Ramet 2006 2753:Đilas 1980 2673:2019-02-11 2243:References 2151:Alpi Graie 2078:Kotor zone 2062:Taurinense 2041:Nova Varoš 1662:Novi Pazar 1656:, and the 1646:Ibar River 1555:Prijepolje 1383:Ravna Gora 1303:(General) 1283:and Major 1079:Nicholas I 986:XVII Corps 921:demobilise 918:reservists 880:including 846:Montenegro 831:increasing 823:Macedonian 801:Background 709:Demography 693:Montenegro 573:Prehistory 557:Montenegro 529:Montenegro 426:Population 210:Government 151:18°55′23″E 148:42°23′22″N 6010:(1941–44) 5997:Vulnetari 5982:(1943–44) 5974:(1941–44) 5948:(1941–43) 5857:(1943–44) 5844:(1941–43) 5750:Air Force 5603:Partisans 5440:Vulnetari 5158:Military 5133:Bulgarian 5109:Xhem Hasa 4308:Languages 4303:Education 4267:Transport 4232:Companies 4152:President 4120:Elections 4074:Mountains 4042:Geography 3968:(1910–18) 3638:Cambridge 3465:Baltimore 1992:included 1970:included 1944:Division 1769:Novavaroš 1701:Districts 1611:Podgorica 1549:Geography 1379:operation 1309:XIV Corps 1188:Politburo 923:, refuse 882:Dubrovnik 305:Committee 190:Religion 76:1941–1943 6007:Bulgaria 5894:Slovenia 5682:Chetniks 5675:Chetniks 5651:Bulgaria 5499:See also 5087:Albanian 4492:Category 4407:Religion 4365:Folklore 4194:Religion 4130:Military 4103:Politics 3966:Kingdom 3764:Archived 3717:(1975). 3652:Archived 3630:(2006). 3613:Archived 3595:(2006). 3578:Archived 3560:(2007). 3436:(1994). 3419:Archived 3397:(2008). 3352:(2002). 3330:(1980). 3310:Florence 3287:New York 3281:(2005). 2667:Archived 2215:and the 2203:and the 2175:Religion 2053:Višegrad 2029:Pusteria 1926:VI Corps 1922:2nd Army 1895:Pusteria 1831:General 1824:General 1759:Mileševa 1650:Podujevo 1644:and the 1638:Pristina 1595:Metohija 1291:, Count 1247:Uprising 1200:Belgrade 1050:Zelenaši 990:9th Army 975:Dalmatia 940:Invasion 878:Pelješac 714:Nobility 546:a series 544:Part of 449:Currency 220:Governor 139:Cettigne 5971:Hungary 5940:Germany 5850:Germany 5709:Croatia 5005:Slovene 4874:Serbian 4613:Bosniak 4483:Outline 4427:Symbols 4353:Cuisine 4338:Academy 4330:Culture 4281:Society 4262:Tourism 4215:Economy 4169:Speaker 4084:Regions 4064:Islands 3934:Vilayet 3863:History 3507:Cetinje 3332:Wartime 2126:Ferrara 2085:Messina 2049:Goražde 1994:Čekanje 1982:Perugia 1972:Čekanje 1941:Period 1888:Messina 1853:de jure 1802:Štavica 1795:Sjenica 1754:Kolašin 1744:Cetinje 1683:Italian 1670:Čajniče 1654:Medveđa 1630:Prizren 1623:Gusinje 1599:Albania 1585:in the 1559:Sjenica 1447:Venezia 1413:Kolašin 1367:Sandžak 1326:Chetnik 1264:bjelaši 1190:of the 1103:Cattaro 1099:Italian 1083:Cetinje 1031:Fascist 1006:viceroy 988:of the 981:Messina 971:Albania 935:History 900:in the 866:Cetinje 858:Croatia 777:during 763:Italian 658:Kingdom 440:411,000 410:• 397:• 374:• 361:• 348:• 180:Italian 135:Capital 64:Serbian 49:Italian 5933:Others 5868:Greens 5780:Serbia 5636:Others 5582:(1941) 5561:Allies 5483:Ohrana 4604:People 4590:Ustaše 4580:Greens 4435:Anthem 4348:Cinema 4089:Rivers 4054:Cities 3929:Sanjak 3881:Duklja 3811: 3792: 3756: 3731: 3703: 3682: 3644: 3605: 3570: 3532: 3524:] 3490: 3471: 3448: 3411: 3383: 3364: 3338: 3316: 3293: 2163:Šavnik 2106:Emilia 2045:Priboj 1947:Notes 1912:. The 1814:Count 1789:Šavnik 1784:Priboj 1764:Nikšić 1726:Berane 1634:Dragaš 1567:Rožaje 1434:Nikšić 1260:Whites 1183:Ulcinj 1178:Ustaše 1142:émigré 1046:Greens 1014:Tirana 963:Bosnia 952:German 929:desert 860:, and 854:Kosovo 850:Serbia 827:Kosovo 795:German 719:Tribes 701:Topics 597:Duklja 548:on the 533:Serbia 308: 277: 223: 125:Status 60: 45: 5945:Italy 5478:MYSRO 4412:Sport 4400:Radio 4380:Media 4375:Music 4293:Crime 4237:Euro 4069:Lakes 4001:CASNO 3885:Zeta 3543:(PDF) 3526:(PDF) 3520:[ 2223:Notes 1587:Drina 1563:Tutin 1095:Kotor 954:-led 870:Croat 6035:and 5702:Axis 5473:IMRO 4464:Name 4457:List 4452:Flag 4445:List 4358:Wine 4318:List 4157:List 3809:ISBN 3790:ISBN 3754:ISBN 3729:ISBN 3701:ISBN 3680:ISBN 3642:ISBN 3603:ISBN 3568:ISBN 3530:ISBN 3488:ISBN 3469:ISBN 3446:ISBN 3409:ISBN 3381:ISBN 3362:ISBN 3336:ISBN 3314:ISBN 3291:ISBN 2095:HQ: 2051:and 1960:Taro 1905:and 1902:Taro 1668:and 1666:Foča 1652:and 1636:and 1621:and 1619:Plav 1565:and 1498:and 1440:Taro 1389:and 1373:and 1168:The 1025:and 965:and 956:Axis 835:Serb 833:the 825:and 757:The 101:and 5552:in 5409:and 4536:in 1603:Bar 1597:to 1591:Hum 1583:Lim 1262:" ( 890:Ban 876:to 793:by 773:of 6054:: 5457:/ 4395:TV 3784:. 3762:. 3748:. 3723:. 3674:. 3650:. 3636:. 3611:. 3576:. 3463:. 3417:. 3403:. 3356:. 3285:. 3217:^ 3190:^ 3175:^ 3148:^ 3085:^ 3044:^ 3027:^ 2784:^ 2709:^ 2682:^ 2665:. 2642:^ 2627:^ 2600:^ 2540:^ 2525:^ 2492:^ 2457:^ 2442:^ 2423:^ 2355:^ 2340:^ 2275:^ 2219:. 2043:, 1898:, 1891:, 1884:, 1855:) 1685:: 1640:. 1632:, 1625:. 1494:, 1311:, 1137:. 1117:. 1101:: 1085:. 912:: 856:, 852:, 765:: 182:, 5866:( 5859:) 5852:( 5846:) 5839:( 5542:e 5535:t 5528:v 5376:/ 4526:e 4519:t 4512:v 3846:e 3839:t 3832:v 3817:. 3798:. 3773:. 3737:. 3709:. 3688:. 3661:. 3622:. 3587:. 3552:. 3496:. 3477:. 3454:. 3428:. 3389:. 3370:. 3344:. 3322:. 3299:. 2676:. 2137:— 2117:— 1097:( 908:( 761:( 746:e 739:t 732:v 66:) 62:( 51:) 47:( 20:)

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Italian governorate of Montenegro

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