38:
624:
544:
369:
331:(whose name means "20-year Queen"). Although Itzam Kʼan Ahk I died on November 15, 686 (9.12.14.10.13 11 Ben 11 Kʼankʼin)—just five days before the ceremony could occur—his corpse seems to have been a "guest of honour" at the wedding. Itzam Kʼan Ahk I was buried nine days after he died, and while the location of his tomb is unknown, clues on Panel 15 (erected by his son) suggest that he was buried somewhere within the pyramid-like Structure J-4. On January 2, 687, Kooj—donning the
176:
603:
sitting on an elevated cushion; a "plain band" is wrapped around his chest, which Clancy argues represents his being "bound to office". The leader is uniquely shown in profile, looking towards his right at a woman who is offering him "royal regalia". This woman is usually considered to be his mother,
326:
At the end of his life, Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's health began to fail him, and, recognizing that his demise was impending, he spent much of his remaining energy ensuring that his son, Kooj (meaning "Puma") was able to assume control of
Piedras Negras. To do this, he arranged a wedding ceremony between Kooj
314:
Simon Martin and
Nikolai Grube argue that Itzam Kʼan Ahk I might have carved the panel to emphasize similarities between him and his predecessor, namely their similar level of political prowess. The two scholars also note that Yaxchilan seems to have been in a bit of a Dark Age during Itzam Kʼan Ahk
289:
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I reign was one marked by war and acts of aggression. Thanks to carvings on Stelae 35 and 37, it is known that he undertook two victorious military campaigns: one in AD 662 against Santa Elena (in which he may have captured either a "high-ranking girl" or a young man), and another in
642:
Yat Ahk I, it could also simultaneously depict both Yat Ahk I and Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I, thereby connecting the two figures. The leader is shown performing a religious ceremony involving the "grasping" of a
Teotihuacan-influenced helmet; the associated glyphs reveal that Itzam Kʼan Ask I performed
647:
on the panel is notably surrounded by subservient lords of nearby polities, implying that during Yat Ahk I's rule, Piedras Negras was the regional power. O'Neil notes that the lords are "fully dressed and armed", which suggests "a sense of collaboration and alliance with their
Piedras Negras
667:
On
September 13, 657, Itzam Kʼan Ahk I also erected what is now called "Stela" 46: it is "squat column" about a meter tall, positioned in the middle of Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's Structure R-5 stelae group, with Stelae 32–34 to its left and Stelae 35–37 to its right. According to Clancy, "It served
281:
translates to "sun-faced", and is a reference to the settlement's rulers' belief that they were the "lords of the sun". His name also included the ahk ("turtle") element, identifying him as royalty. His name was later appropriated by his eventual successor,
611:
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I also raised up Stela 32 (November 5, 647), Stela 34 (October 9, 652), Stela 35 (August 18, 662), Stela 36 (July 23, 667), Stela 37 (June 26, 672), Stela 39 (May 31, 677), and Stela 38 (May 6, 682).
604:
although Mark Pitts notes that she could be his wife. O'Neil favors the former argument and writes that Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's mother was likely featured on the stela because she served for a time as her son's
1199:
318:
However, despite all the bellicosity during his reign, Flora Clancy notes that his focus on taking care of his children "suggest that also desired, and endeavored to achieve, peaceful conditions."
615:
Of Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's eight stelae, six (Stelae 32–37) were raised in front of
Structure R-5; these stelae purposely face the stelae of Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I so as to "respond" to them.
638:
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I crafted Panel 2 one kʼatun after the death of his father, Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I. The carving is "ambiguous", and while it likely depicts the previous
Piedras Negras
1245:
37:
1346:
1341:
623:
1207:
574:
226:, Itzam Kʼan Ahk I took the throne when he was only 12 years old. His reign was marked by several wars, and he seems to have had a special connection with
290:
AD 669 against a Maya polity whose name is now lost. Further evidence of Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's military strength is suggested by Panel 2, which depicts an
242:, three panels, a throne, and a short stela-like column; this made him the most active of Piedras Negras's leaders in regards to erecting monuments.
1238:
599:
Stela 33 was the first erected and served as Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's ascension monument. Carved on
December 1, 642, this stela depicts the
1351:
1231:
1188:
1136:
1113:
1066:
1336:
482:
264:
567:
1058:
277:
on AD 639 (9.10.6.5.9 8 Muluk 2 Sip)—about two months after his father's demise and when he was only 12 years old. The title
514:
175:
524:
328:
1128:
529:
505:
519:
1295:
335:
235:
134:
80:
1285:
1254:
1156:
587:
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I erected eight stelae, three panels, a throne, and a short stela-like column, making his tenure as
560:
448:
350:
274:
256:
223:
207:
144:
112:
96:
70:
52:
1180:
408:
648:
overlord." The panel was later reset and situated near Panel 3 on
Structure O-13 during the reign of the last
219:
368:
1280:
643:
this ritual in 658—over one hundred years after Yat Ahk I had performed the very same rite in AD 510. The
260:
154:
496:
1315:
1147:
1076:
Houston, Stephen D.; Héctor
Escobedo; Richard Terry; David Webster; George Veni; Kitty F. Emer (1999).
653:
1300:
283:
122:
1361:
1356:
1310:
548:
1105:
1305:
1184:
1149:
A Brief History of Piedras Negras as Told by the Ancient Maya: History Revealed in Maya Glyphs
1132:
1109:
1062:
591:"the most prolific in terms of royal patronage at Piedras Negras", according to Flora Clancy.
418:
358:
211:
129:
230:. Itzam Kʼan Ahk I died just a few days before the marriage of his son, who succeeded him as
438:
668:
double-duty as a hotun marker and as an altar for all six of the other stelae in the row."
491:
388:
315:
I's reign, lending more evidence to the idea that it was under Piedras Negras's control.
1077:
1270:
423:
403:
192:
1330:
1265:
1098:
463:
443:
428:
398:
164:
473:
468:
383:
378:
1173:
433:
393:
332:
239:
458:
453:
1275:
628:
413:
307:
299:
215:
1223:
311:
295:
227:
605:
294:
of Piedras Negras surrounded by leaders from nearby polities, like
622:
238:. Itzam Kʼan Ahk I left behind several monuments, including eight
1078:"Investigations at Piedras Negras, Guatemala: 1999 Field Season"
310:(who ruled Piedras Negras well before Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's time),
269:
202:
48:
28:
1227:
1157:
Pre-Columbian Society of the University of Pennsylvania Museum
1125:
Engaging Ancient Maya Sculpture at Piedras Negras, Guatemala
286:, possibly to strengthen the latter's claim of legitimacy.
263:. Born on May 22, 626 (9.9.13.4.1 6 Imix 19 Sotzʼ in the
1083:. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies
255:
Itzam Kʼan Ahk I, also known as Ruler 2, was the son of
1055:
The Monuments of Piedras Negras, an Ancient Maya City
327:
and a Maya princess from the polity of Namaan named
170:
160:
150:
140:
128:
118:
102:
90:
86:
76:
66:
58:
47:
21:
1172:
1097:
627:Panel 2, constructed by Itzam Kʼan Ahk I, depicts
298:, Lacanha, and Piedras Negras's perennial rival
631:being venerated by leaders from other polities.
635:Itzam Kʼan Ahk I commissioned Panels 4 and 7.
1239:
851:
849:
847:
845:
832:
830:
828:
568:
8:
992:
990:
953:
951:
1246:
1232:
1224:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
702:
700:
698:
575:
561:
345:
18:
938:
936:
815:
813:
811:
685:
683:
681:
664:Itzam Kʼan Ahk I commissioned Throne 2.
798:
796:
794:
792:
779:
777:
719:
717:
715:
677:
504:
481:
357:
234:of Piedras Negras and took on the name
42:Itzam Kʼan Ahk I's portrait on Stela 35
1100:Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens
1096:Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai (2000).
1031:
1029:
191:
16:Ajaw of Piedras Negras from 639 to 686
1347:7th-century monarchs in North America
1171:Sharer, Robert; Traxler, Loa (2005).
7:
1342:7th century in the Maya civilization
608:and was thus politically important.
14:
542:
367:
338:—assumed control of the polity.
174:
36:
1059:University of New Mexico Press
302:. While it is likely that the
267:), he assumed the position of
222:, from AD 639–686. The son of
62:12 April 639 - 15 November 686
1:
1129:University of Oklahoma Press
506:Spanish conquest of the Maya
1035:
1008:
942:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
836:
819:
802:
783:
768:
756:
744:
723:
706:
1378:
1020:
996:
981:
969:
957:
867:
855:
689:
329:Lady K'atun Ajaw of Namaan
306:depicted in this scene is
1261:
1181:Stanford University Press
803:Martin & Grube (2000)
784:Martin & Grube (2000)
757:Martin & Grube (2000)
724:Martin & Grube (2000)
35:
26:
1352:7th century in Guatemala
1255:Rulers of Piedras Negras
1200:"Piedras Negras Ruler 2"
349:This article is part of
1337:Kings of Piedras Negras
251:Reign of Piedras Negras
1123:O'Neil, Megan (2014).
1053:Clancy, Flora (2009).
632:
549:Mesoamerica portal
218:. He ruled during the
193:[itsamkʼanahk]
1296:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
626:
497:Classic Maya collapse
336:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
236:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
135:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
81:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk II
1286:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
1204:Mesoweb Encyclopedia
1198:Zender, Marc (ed.).
1146:Pitts, Mark (2011).
257:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
224:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
189:Mayan pronunciation:
145:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
71:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
1106:Thames & Hudson
652:of Piedras Negras,
261:Lady Bird Headdress
220:Late Classic Period
155:Lady Bird Headdress
1316:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
654:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
633:
1324:
1323:
1301:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
585:
584:
360:Maya civilization
284:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
196:), also known as
182:
181:
1369:
1291:Itzam Kʼan Ahk I
1248:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:on June 27, 2018
1206:. Archived from
1194:
1178:
1175:The Ancient Maya
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1142:
1119:
1103:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1072:
1039:
1033:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
840:
834:
823:
817:
806:
800:
787:
781:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
727:
721:
710:
704:
693:
687:
577:
570:
563:
547:
546:
545:
371:
361:
346:
195:
190:
185:Itzam Kʼan Ahk I
178:
109:
40:
22:Itzam Kʼan Ahk I
19:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1257:
1252:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1122:
1116:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
949:
941:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
843:
835:
826:
818:
809:
801:
790:
782:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
730:
722:
713:
705:
696:
688:
679:
674:
662:
621:
597:
581:
543:
541:
534:
492:Preclassic Maya
359:
344:
324:
253:
248:
188:
123:Lady White Bird
111:
107:
106:15 November 686
95:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1306:Yoʼnal Ahk III
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1195:
1189:
1168:
1143:
1137:
1120:
1114:
1093:
1073:
1067:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1025:
1013:
1001:
986:
974:
962:
947:
932:
920:
908:
896:
884:
872:
860:
858:, pp. 119–126.
841:
824:
807:
788:
773:
761:
749:
728:
711:
694:
676:
675:
673:
670:
661:
658:
620:
617:
596:
593:
583:
582:
580:
579:
572:
565:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
536:
535:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
509:
508:
502:
501:
500:
499:
494:
486:
485:
479:
478:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
373:
372:
364:
363:
355:
354:
343:
340:
323:
320:
275:Piedras Negras
273:("leader") of
252:
249:
247:
244:
214:settlement in
208:Piedras Negras
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
113:Piedras Negras
110:(aged 60)
104:
100:
99:
97:Piedras Negras
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
53:Piedras Negras
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1374:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:Haʼ Kʼin Xook
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1190:9780804748179
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1138:9780806188362
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1115:9780500051030
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1068:9780826344519
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1036:Clancy (2009)
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:O'Neil (2014)
1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:Clancy (2009)
1005:
1002:
998:
997:O'Neil (2014)
993:
991:
987:
983:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
958:O'Neil (2014)
954:
952:
948:
944:
943:Clancy (2009)
939:
937:
933:
929:
928:Clancy (2009)
924:
921:
917:
916:Clancy (2009)
912:
909:
905:
904:Clancy (2009)
900:
897:
893:
892:Clancy (2009)
888:
885:
881:
880:Clancy (2009)
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
856:O'Neil (2014)
852:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
837:Clancy (2009)
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
820:Zender (n.d.)
816:
814:
812:
808:
804:
799:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:Clancy (2009)
765:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
745:Clancy (2009)
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
716:
712:
708:
707:Clancy (2009)
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
690:O'Neil (2014)
686:
684:
682:
678:
671:
669:
665:
659:
657:
655:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
625:
618:
616:
613:
609:
607:
602:
594:
592:
590:
578:
573:
571:
566:
564:
559:
558:
556:
555:
550:
540:
539:
538:
537:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
507:
503:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:
484:
480:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
374:
370:
366:
365:
362:
356:
352:
348:
347:
341:
339:
337:
334:
330:
321:
319:
316:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
285:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
250:
245:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:
199:
194:
186:
177:
173:
169:
166:
165:Maya religion
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
105:
101:
98:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
31:
30:
25:
20:
1290:
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1203:
1174:
1160:. Retrieved
1148:
1124:
1099:
1085:. Retrieved
1054:
1046:Bibliography
1016:
1004:
982:Pitts (2011)
977:
970:Pitts (2011)
965:
945:, pp. 64–65.
923:
918:, pp. 62–63.
911:
906:, pp. 60–62.
899:
894:, pp. 57–60.
887:
882:, pp. 54–57.
875:
870:, pp. 55–57.
868:Pitts (2011)
863:
839:, pp. 48–54.
764:
752:
666:
663:
649:
644:
639:
637:
634:
614:
610:
600:
598:
588:
586:
419:Architecture
325:
317:
303:
291:
288:
278:
268:
254:
231:
212:ancient Maya
201:
197:
184:
183:
27:
1271:Kʼan Ahk II
333:regnal name
108:(686-11-15)
67:Predecessor
1362:686 deaths
1357:626 births
1331:Categories
1266:Kʼan Ahk I
1214:August 22,
1162:August 22,
672:References
265:Long Count
94:22 May 626
1276:Yat Ahk I
1087:August 3,
1023:, p. 154.
999:, p. 162.
960:, p. 160.
805:, p. 145.
786:, p. 144.
759:, p. 148.
726:, p. 143.
629:Yat Ahk I
525:Guatemala
424:Astronomy
409:Sacrifice
404:Mythology
389:Languages
342:Monuments
312:Mayanists
308:Yat Ahk I
300:Yaxchilan
246:Biography
216:Guatemala
200:, was an
171:Signature
77:Successor
1038:, p. 60.
1011:, p. 46.
984:, p. 63.
972:, p. 58.
930:, p. 64.
771:, p. 61.
747:, p. 42.
709:, p. 41.
464:Medicine
444:Textiles
429:Calendar
399:Religion
351:a series
296:Bonampak
228:Calakmul
161:Religion
1281:Ruler C
692:, p. 9.
520:Chiapas
515:Yucatán
483:History
474:Warfare
469:Cuisine
394:Writing
384:Society
279:kʼinich
198:Ruler 2
119:Consort
1187:
1135:
1112:
1065:
619:Panels
606:regent
595:Stelae
434:Stelae
414:Cities
379:People
353:on the
240:stelae
151:Mother
141:Father
1153:(PDF)
1081:(PDF)
660:Other
530:Petén
459:Dance
454:Music
449:Trade
322:Death
210:, an
130:Issue
59:Reign
1216:2018
1185:ISBN
1164:2018
1133:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1089:2014
1063:ISBN
650:ajaw
645:ajaw
640:ajaw
601:ajaw
589:ajaw
304:ajaw
292:ajaw
270:ajaw
259:and
232:ajaw
203:ajaw
103:Died
91:Born
49:King
29:Ajaw
439:Art
206:of
51:of
1333::
1202:.
1183:.
1179:.
1155:.
1131:.
1127:.
1108:.
1104:.
1061:.
1057:.
1028:^
989:^
950:^
935:^
844:^
827:^
810:^
791:^
776:^
731:^
714:^
697:^
680:^
656:.
1247:e
1240:t
1233:v
1218:.
1193:.
1166:.
1141:.
1118:.
1091:.
1071:.
822:.
576:e
569:t
562:v
187:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
