38:
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336:, and the mention of a Civitas Equestrium in the Notitia Gallic around 400 AD. Nyon-Noviodunum, which had already lost much of its prestige and reputation was as a regional capital, now separated from Geneva. Geneva became the center and seat of the diocese which initially fought to administer the territory that had been part of the Colonia.
352:
In the 18th century, there were sporadic discoveries of Roman items from the
Colonia. Due to the research of local scholars, especially Théophile Wellauer, in the 19th century these discoveries became frequent and regular. In 1841, the municipality set up a museum to store, catalogue, research and
452:
The agricultural estates on the outskirts of the
Colonia are expected to had been profitable, but the lack of archaeological findings about the type of management, the size of farms and density of the farmers, mean that very little is known about the early farms. Later, a number of villas, large
323:
invasions of 259 or 260 AD, the forum and the public buildings in the city were razed. The stone blocks were scattered all over the Lake Geneva region. The stones were re-used as building material, especially in Geneva, where about 300 were used in the construction of the wall. But the
173:, the colony experienced a boom. A rectangular grid pattern divided the area of the wall-less city. A monumental center, housing everything needed for the economic, religious and social life of the colony, was established. Only portions of this first
261:
The city remained unwalled throughout its history. However, from the location of cemeteries, it appears that the city did not expand. Cremation graves were discovered in the north of the square of
Perdtemps and in Clémenty.
224:) were renovated. The forum witnessed further transformations, particularly the establishment of another large building. During the same building phase a large mosaic on the central part of the north portico was built.
144:
for cavalry veterans. The original functions of the
Colonia were to provide land for veterans and military bases in conquered territory. Noviodunum was part of a loose network of settlements that radiated out from
243:, which was flanked by two prisons and provided with sewers, is about 50 by 36 metres (164 by 118 ft). The ruins of a theatre, that should have been in the Colonia, have not been discovered.
157:) and helped to control the Rhone Valley. It served, along with other Roman colonies in the area, to control the Helvetii who were settled in the area against their will after their defeat at the
441:. A port, likely in what is now district Rive, allowed the Colonia to participate in the Lake Geneva trade. Imports included: luxury tableware or products from the Mediterranean, such as
96:. It was the urban center of the larger Colonia. Although the name of the city, Noviodunum, is certainly Celtic in origin, it is first mentioned in written sources in about 400 AD.
823:
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The first colonists received land lots, which had been divided into uniform units, known as centurions. Traces of the ordered system have been found in recent studies. Under
Emperor
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204:. In the center would have been the main temple, though the remains of that building have not been discovered. A new basilica was built. It now consisted of a nave with two
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landed estate with luxurious mansions, were built around the town. The villas brought city comforts and Roman lifestyle on the rural areas. One example of this form of
353:
display the items that had been found. In 1875, Johann Jakob Müller published in Zurich the first overall map of the
Colonia. In 1974, the significant discovery of the
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793:
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was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of Roman city.
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258:, which ran from the Divonne area to the colony, provided the water supply. Sewage canals, that followed the road networks, dumped sewage into the lake.
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of wine, oil, or fish sauce. However very little is known about exports from the
Colonia. The only evidence of exports is a bronze tablet, found near
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with beautiful gardens and pools. The buildings were originally made of wood and clay, but after the mid-1st century AD were built from masonry. Some
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stood in the west of the village, while the artisan and merchant quarter, presumably, developed in the southwest. A 10 km (6.2 mi) long
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settlement was not abandoned and a number of signs of settlements after the 3rd century have been discovered. These include the large
319:
After a long period of peace and prosperity, signs of crisis and general insecurity were increasing in the early 3rd c As a result of
82:
196:, the forum was expanded and redesigned into a familiar pattern for the provinces. The sacred area was surrounded on three sides by
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409:). The center of the Roman city was on an elevated plateau between the Asse and Cossy rivers, at the same point as the later
361:, gave the research additional momentum. In 1979, a new museum dedicated to the Roman Colonia was built near the basilica.
699:
208:, the nave was enclosed by a colonnade, which formed a gallery. Two outbuildings, including most likely the seat of the
136:
Colonia Iulia
Equestris was most likely founded by Julius Caesar in 46–44 BC. It was established on land taken from the
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castle and old town of Nyon. The easily defended hill dominated the lake on which human settlements date back the
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and Italy and connected by waterways to the
Mediterranean and the Rhine was benefited from trade across the
37:
449:(Castra Regina). It bore the name of the bronze craftsman L. Cusseius Ocellio, who worked in Noviodunum.
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at Clémenty which has tombs from the 5th to 8th centuries, the stone box graves in the Grand-Rue, near an
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were responsible, along with a six-member college of priests (seviri
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era. On the hill itself, no traces of a pre-Roman settlement have been discovered.
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The Colonia, which was located along roads with Lyon, the capital of the Gauls,
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The residential quarters consisted of modest homes, in addition to some
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Iulia Equestris was a colony in Roman law with close ties to
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and later formed the dividing line between the dioceses of
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The name Colonia Iulia Equestris is more descriptive. A
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For Other Roman/Celtic settlements of the same name, see
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have been discovered. At its east end was a two-story
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369:The territory of the Colonia stretched between the
557:. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. p. 77.
348:Ancient Roman terracotta in the Nyon Roman Museum
381:. The border with the Helvetii probably ran to
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303:who was commissioned to combat banditry. The
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27:Archaeological site in Vaud, Switzerland
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768:Categories
738:46°22′52″N
682:Vindonissa
647:Noviodunum
481:References
447:Regensburg
377:river and
326:necropolis
271:Allobroges
218:tepidarium
206:vestibules
198:colonnades
132:Foundation
46:Noviodunum
32:Noviodunum
741:6°14′17″E
687:Vitudurum
667:Petinesca
637:Aventicum
463:peristyle
461:with its
427:Aventicum
415:Neolithic
121:Equestris
54:Roman era
804:Helvetii
662:Octodure
657:Lousonna
469:See also
459:Commugny
443:amphorae
411:medieval
387:Lausanne
355:basilica
321:Alamanni
285:duumviri
281:decurion
276:duumviri
256:aqueduct
214:macellum
194:Tiberius
179:basilica
171:Augustus
149:(modern
147:Lugdunum
138:Helvetii
117:equester
714:History
700:Portals
672:Turicum
652:La Tène
532:Italian
403:Gaulish
383:Aubonne
357:in the
315:Decline
294:aediles
222:mosaics
187:thermae
142:Colonia
127:History
101:colonia
60:in the
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526:French
520:German
435:Valais
407:border
395:Venoge
391:Geneva
297:and a
267:Vienne
192:Under
155:France
78:Celtic
52:was a
421:Trade
399:Morge
375:Rhone
359:forum
334:apses
241:arena
210:Curia
183:naves
175:forum
140:as a
105:Iulia
83:nowyo
819:Nyon
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529:and
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397:and
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