45:
277:, instead of the Roman legal status of other colonies whose settlers kept Roman citizenship. Colonies of Latin status were called "Latin colonies" and those of Roman status were called "Roman colonies". Roman citizens who settled in a Latin colony lost their Roman citizenship and acquired
260:. The Romans won the war and dissolved the Latin League. Many of the city-states of Latium were fully incorporated into the Roman Republic, while others were given limited rights and privileges which could be exercised in dealings with Roman citizens. These came to be known as
201:("right to vote"); this was exercised as part of a single tribe and only if they migrated to Rome (differently from Roman citizens, who could exercise their right to vote, if they were in Rome, as part of their various tribes). Outside of Italy, the term
272:
which were founded around Italy in the fourth and third centuries BC to strengthen Roman control, as Rome expanded its hegemony over the peninsula. They were colonies which were given Latin legal status, and their settlers the
332:
was used more as a political instrument that aimed at integration of provincial communities via their local leadership. Latin status included the acquisition of Roman citizenship upon the holding of municipal magistracy
364:
was wholly dependent on imperial gift. This beneficence could span the whole range from grants to individuals to awards made to whole towns, and could even be applied to an entire population, as when
153:
to the communities of
Transpadania, a region north of the Po, which had sided with Rome during the Social War. It also granted Roman citizenship to those who became officials in their respective
616:
Bowman, A. K., Garnsey, P., Rathbone, D., (Eds), The
Cambridge Ancient History Volume XI: The High Empire A.D. 70–192, Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 2000, 364–365;
606:
Bowman, A. K., Champlin, E., Lintott, A., (Eds), The
Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69, Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 1996;
626:
S. A. et al. (Eds.), The
Cambridge Ancient History Volume VII: The Hellenistic Monarchies and the Rise of Rome, Cambridge University Press; 5th edition 1928, pp 269–271;
171:: the right to trade, i. e., the right to have commercial relations and trade with Roman citizens on equal status and to use the same forms of contract as Roman citizens;
451:
Schiavone, Aldo; Amarelli, Francesco; Botta, Fabio; Giovanni, Lucio De; Marotta, Valerio; Stolfi, Emanuele; Vincenti, Umberto; Luchetti, Giovanni (12 October 2016).
372:
to all of
Hispania in AD 74. Although this decree could encompass whole cities, it is important to note that it did not necessarily entail the establishment of a
636:
Lewis, N., Reinhold, M Roman
Civilization: Selected Readings, Vol. 1: The Republic and the Augustan Age, 3rd edition, Columbia University Press, 1990;
209:
used this term in relation to Julius Caesar's grant of Latin rights to the
Sicilians in 44 BC. This status was later given to whole towns and regions:
296:
in 171 BC and was the first Latin colony outside of Italy. In 122 BC, the plebeian tribune Gaius
Gracchus introduced a law which extended the
651:
641:
631:
621:
611:
462:
452:
338:
646:
Lewis, N., Reinhold, M Roman
Civilization: Selected Readings, Vol. 2: The Empire, 3rd edition, Columbia University Press, 1990;
137:
of 90 BC conferred Roman citizenship on all citizens of the Latin towns and the Italic towns who had not rebelled. The
583:
120:
350:
281:. Latin colonies were usually larger than Roman colonies and were populated largely by Latins and other allies.
305:
101:
183:: the right to migrate, i. e., the right to retain one's degree of citizenship upon relocation to another
31:
89:
541:
Wilson, R. J. A., "Sicily, Sardinia and
Corsica", in Bowman, A. K., Champlin, E., Lintott, A., (eds),
589:
399:
also means "purity of language", that is, the use of "good Latin" or "correct Latin", equivalent to
289:
164:, under Roman law, varied from city to city. It could include some or all of the following rights:
678:
119:
of Italy obtained Roman citizenship as a result of three laws which were introduced during the
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627:
617:
607:
458:
438:
429:
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52:
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to all other residents of Italy. This reflected the increasing ties between Rome and the
284:
With Roman expansion beyond Italy, Latin colonies were also founded outside Italy, e. g.
301:
269:
124:
71:
341:
along the path to the institution of a Roman-style community. In AD 123, the emperor
256:(land of the Latins) which was allied with Rome, rebelled in what has been called the
141:
of 89 BC granted Roman citizenship to all federated towns in Italy south of the River
672:
321:
249:
56:
187:. In other words, Latin status was not lost when moving to other locales in Italy.
304:
through trade and the ties between the leading families in the Italian towns and
230:
595:
373:
142:
365:
337:), which presumed a trajectory of development that would carry at least the
257:
210:
133:
603:
XLIII. 3–4. cf. Galsterer 1971, 8-9: (G 15); Humbert 1976, 225-34: (H 138).
17:
404:
325:
293:
214:
105:
38:
342:
285:
218:
48:
253:
206:
109:
85:
425:
Making a New Man: Ciceronian Self-Fashioning in the Rhetorical Works
554:
Birley, "Hadrian and the Antonines", in Bowman, A.K., Garnsey. P.,
380:
might have been constituted several years after the initial grant.
100:
was commonly used by Roman jurists to denote this status. With the
245:
37:"Latinitas" redirects here. For the quality of Latin writing, see
349:("greater Latin "), which conferred Roman citizenship on all the
600:
241:
545:, Volume 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC - AD 69 (1996), p. 434.
530:
Perils of Empire: The Roman Republic and the American Republic
586:
from Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 1875.
357:, which conferred it only on those who held a magistracy.
411:(The Catholic University of America Press, 2005), p. 103
435:
Cicero, Catullus, and the Language of Social Performance
320:
Following the great spate of colonial settlements under
345:
made a key modification to Latin rights. He introduced
308:
families in Rome. In 44 BC, Julius Caesar granted the
376:(self-governing town). Often, as in Hispania, formal
558:, Volume 11: The High Empire, AD 70 (2000), P. 139
517:Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
415:; Richard Leo Enos, "Rhetorica ad Herennium", in
515:Some of the material for this paragraph is from
134:Lex Iulia de Civitate Latinis (et sociis) Danda
123:between the Romans and their allies among the
59:. A Latin colony was founded in its territory.
197:Some also had, under certain conditions, the
8:
437:(University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 123
139:Lex Plautia Papiria de Civitate Sociis Danda
664:Discussion of Latin rights in Roman history
79:
335:ius adipiscendae civitatis per magistratum
248:cities of Italy. From 340 to 338 BC the
43:
389:
252:, a confederation of circa 30 towns in
570:, Vol. 3 (Guffre Editore), 210, p. 470
205:continued to be used for other cases.
193:: the right to become Roman citizens.
177:: the right to marry pursuant to law;
7:
417:Classical Rhetorics and Rhetoricians
88:that were originally granted to the
407:and, for instance, Laurent Pernot,
131:) which rebelled against Rome. The
592:from Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007
25:
427:(Oxford University Press, 2005),
353:of a town, as distinguished from
92:and therefore in their colonies (
27:Ancient Roman set of legal rights
568:Studi in onore di Remo Martini
1:
556:The Cambridge Ancient History
543:The Cambridge Ancient History
312:to all free-born Sicilians.
221:gave it to many towns. The
213:granted it to the whole of
147:Lex Pompeia de Transpadanis
695:
506:, The Life of Hadrian, 21.
419:(Greenwood, 2005), p. 332
229:persisted to the reign of
36:
29:
233:in the sixth century AD.
160:The exact content of the
145:(in northern Italy). The
454:Storia giuridica di Roma
292:), which was founded in
102:Roman expansion in Italy
30:Not to be confused with
104:, many settlements and
433:; Brian A. Krostenko,
423:; John Richard Dugan,
191:Ius civitatis mutandae
84:) were a set of legal
80:
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32:Latin liturgical rites
409:Rhetoric in Antiquity
149:of 89 BC granted the
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244:was one of the many
457:. G. Giappichelli.
360:The acquisition of
268:was given to some
112:had Latin rights.
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231:Justinian I
108:outside of
81:ius latinum
18:Ius Latinum
479:ad Atticus
374:municipium
185:municipium
157:(cities).
121:Social War
679:Roman law
481:, 14, 12.
397:Latinitas
378:municipia
370:ius Latii
368:gave the
362:ius Latii
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162:ius Latii
155:municipia
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477:Cicero,
405:Latinity
326:Augustus
294:Hispania
215:Hispania
115:All the
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286:Carteia
219:Hadrian
49:Casinum
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430:passim
421:online
413:online
403:; see
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264:. The
254:Latium
237:Origin
207:Cicero
117:Latini
110:Latium
90:Latins
86:rights
384:Notes
246:Latin
129:socii
72:Latin
51:, in
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638:ISBN
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601:Livy
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324:and
242:Rome
96:).
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