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495:, worked out a fairly definite assessment of the Union of Lublin and later position of the Grand Duchy within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It presented the merger as engineered and carried out by the Poles, who enforced their own project to the detriment of the Lithuanians and which in course of the coming years deprived the Duchy of its own independent political standing. Lappo introduced major changes to this vision and partially presented his own perspective.
291:
556:
Lithuanian patriotism. The reception led to offering him the prestigious chair of
Russian history in Juriev at the relatively young age of 36. Continuation of his work, formatted as a PhD thesis, was also widely acclaimed. The rector of the Moscow University Matvey Kuzmich Lyubavskiy suggested that Lappo's work be awarded the Karpov prize, he obtained long-term research contracts and was gradually emerging as a rising star of the Russian historiography.
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199:
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the legal framework and the praxis; this provided him with arguments that the Crown of Poland has never managed to turn the Duchy into its province, and that when in the early 18th century
Lithuania gradually became the object of politics it was rather because of international developments, especially against the background of the Swedish-Russian conflict.
445:
560:
scholars underline rather Lappo's massive pedagogical effort in Prague. Acknowledgement of his research in the
Republic of Lithuania was partially due to politics, as the Kaunas government was leaving no stone unturned in search for arguments that over the centuries Lithuania has been defending its sovereignty against Polish designs.
539:
Within the
Russian historiography the innovative idea fathered by Lappo was that despite largely disadvantageous terms of the Union, the Grand Duchy retained its political identity and remained the subject of political game, both within the Commonwealth and internationally. He analysed in detail both
567:
Lappo went into almost total oblivion; if mentioned, it was so usually in relation to history of the Tartu
University. He was stigmatized as scholar from “a historiograhic school characterised by lack of interest when it comes to position of the exploited popular masses”, “typical representative of
571:
In the post-Soviet era Lappo gained a few monographic articles by
Lithuanian, Russian and Polish authors; they underline his profound knowledge of sources and scholarly competence when it comes to Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the modern era, even if some scholars note "quite paradoxical and partly
555:
Despite running against the main current, Lappo's graduation thesis was very well received; reviewers noticed attention to detail, great command of sources and holistic approach with wide coverage of the background. Some criticism was related to his alleged bias, reportedly stemming from sort of
536:, the magnates and most of the nobility, expressed in somewhat diverse visions advocated by the Senate and by the Chamber of Deputies. Lappo's general attitude towards the Union of Lublin remained negative; he sympathized with Lithuanians, seeing Poles as merely caring for their own interests.
320:
In 1921 Lappo moved to Prague and contributed to setup of the
Russian University, which opened in 1923. He held various chairs in history, kept publishing articles, brochures and books. In the mid-1920s he started to co-operate with the Lithuanian ministry of foreign affairs and kept preparing
559:
Lappo's career in academic structures of imperial Russia was terminated due to political turmoil and revolution. When on exile in
Czechoslovakia his work suffered from limited access to sources. His studies on national identities on western Russian borderlands are considered of lower quality;
391:
Almost all of Lappo's historiographic output is related to the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania, though the perspective differed. During the first half of his academic career Lappo focused mostly on exploring relations between the Duchy and the Kingdom of Poland, be it with regard to mechanics of the
531:
and the circumstances of the conclusion of the Polish-Lithuanian union in 1569. He agreed that the Poles were bent on imposing their own terms of the union upon the
Lithuanians, though unlike fellow Russian scholars he distinguished between different positions adopted by the
471:(1930) were studies which examined the Slovianophile idea, especially with regard to the Ukrainian territories. However, Lappo's key historiographic contribution is not an own narrative but en extremely competent and detailed monumental edition of the Lithuanian statutes; as
365:, though he kept living in Kaunas. After the Soviet seizure of Lithuania new authorities terminated Lappo's contract, which left him in total financial misery. His status improved somewhat when following the German seizure of Lithuania in 1941 he was briefly employed as
400:. During the second half and following his exile from Russia he re-calibrated his works to analysis of national identities in-between Russia and Poland, though he kept working on his opus magnum, the scholarly edition of Lithuanian statutes from the late 16th century.
137:
was enforced by the latter. However, unlike most Russian scholars of the era, he kept maintaining that the Grand Duchy retained political autonomy and remained the subject of international politics. Throughout his career, he held academic seats at the universities of
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the official conservative current of the bourgeoisie historiography during the imperialist period”, or static scholar, who was “unable to realize the nature of historical process” and “objective rules of development and reasons for aggravated social contradictions”.
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incoherent" narrative. His scientific contribution is discussed against the background of political turmoil in Russia and Eastern Europe, which first condemned Lappo to 20 years of living on exile, and then trapped him in tragically destitute conditions during
424:(1911), which extended the analysis until the end of the 16th century. A spate of more focused analytical articles followed in the 1910s; they dealt mostly with various aspects of Lithuanian juridical and legal system, usually with regard to eastern
175:
412:
county in the 16th. century all Lappo's works have been dedicated to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Following minor detailed treaties on juridical establishments, published in the 1890s, his first major work was the graduation dissertation
454:
On exile Lappo's works suffered from limited access to sources and his focus largely shifted to more general approach, exploring political history of Eastern Europe between Moscow/Russia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland.
237:
1132:
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236:. For reasons which are not known and were probably related to financial difficulties some time in the early 1890s he commenced teaching in of the high schools and graduated as late as 1902. His thesis gained the
282:-held Voronezh. At the newly set-up local university and in somewhat chaotic circumstances he held various teaching roles, until in the spring of 1919 he was nominated head of the governorate's state archive.
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305:. Lappo seized the opportunity; at the university he applied for leave claiming health and family reasons, and then together with his wife and son he left the city towards the
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828:Русские писатели эмиграции: Биографические сведения и библиография их книг по богословию, религиозной философии, церковной истории и православной культуре: 1921—1972
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various memoranda, supposed to provide historical backing to Lithuanian political claims, advanced during the diplomatic row against Poland over Vilnius.
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prize, awarded by the Russian Historical Society, and was published as a book. Its author was offered a junior teachning role at the university.
989:
Ivan Ivanovich Lappo’s views on the Circumstances of Establishing the Union of Lublin in the Context of pre-revolutionary Russian Historiography
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Ivan Ivanovich Lappo’s views on the Circumstances of Establishing the Union of Lublin in the Context of pre-revolutionary Russian Historiography
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at Vilnius University and then in 1942, he obtained a short-lived teaching contract. In unclear circumstances he left Lithuania and died in
133:, especially during the late medieval and early modern period. He shared the vision prevailing in Russian historiography, namely that the
348:, in 1932 he was contracted to carry out work on the Lithuanian Statute and moved to Kaunas. Since 1933 he taught at the university as a
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267:
and then became head of the historical department in Juriev; at the same time he was commissioned to prepare scientific edition of the
278:
Lappo decided to leave for central Russia. In the summer of 1918 together with most of the university staff he was transferred to the
233:
28:
425:
225:. The branch of Lappo's ascendants did not hold land possessions; his father was a mid-range official in administration of the
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III degree, "for services to Lithuania". In 1939 and at request of the university he was granted the Lithuanian citizenship.
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798:Лимитации господарского дворного суда великого княжества Литовского в эпоху пред учреждением Главного Литовского Трибунала
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815:
A Disastrous Matter: The Polish Question in the Russian Political Thought and Discourse of the Great Reform Age 1856–1866
167:
1000:“Отдаюсь науке совсем…”. И. И. Лаппо – профессор русской истории Тартуского (Юрьевского) университета в 1905–1918 гг.
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465:Идея единства русского народа в Юго-Западной Руси в эпоху присоединения Малороссии к Московскому государству
417:(1901), a legal-political study on the regime of Grand Duchy between 1569 and 1586. It was followed by the
340:
In the early 1930s Lappo applied for a post at the Kaunas University, but was rejected as he did not speak
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noble family, whose roots can be traced back to the 16th-century. It was related to what is now Eastern
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174:(1905–1918) and briefly held various jobs in Voronezh (1918–1919). On exile he kept teaching at the
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786:К истории сословного строя великого княжества Литовского. Конные мещане Витебские в XVI столетии
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129:; 29 August 1869 – 23 December 1944) was a Russian historian. He specialized in history of the
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86:
415:Великое княжество Литовское за время от заключения Люблинской Унии до смерти Стефана Батория
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459:(1924) explored Russian-Polish relations against the broad background of the modern era.
1011:
Ivan Ivanovič Lappo (1869–1944): „Ich möchte die Staatsordnung von Litauen untersuchen”
179:
56:
1015:
Geisteswissenschaft en und Publizistik im Baltikum des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts
463:(1926) focused on emergent national identities on western Russia's borderlands, while
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Following the fall of Poland in October 1939, Lappo was assigned to the newly set up
271:. In 1916 he was nominated to a historiographic committee of the Education Ministry.
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they boarded a British evacuation ship and sailed to Greece, soon to move to the
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778:Описание Полоцких владычних, монастырских и церковных земель ревизорами 1580 г.
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In 1888 the 19-year-old Ivan entered the historical-philological faculty of
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782:Похищение государственной печати великого княжества Литовского в 1581 г.
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727:"Nežinia, kaip ir kada jis atsidūrė Drezdene", Ragauskas 1994, p. 88
1044:И. И. Лаппо – ученый с живым чувством исторической действительности
605:И. И. Лаппо – ученый с живым чувством исторической действительности
457:Западная Россия и её соединение с Польшей в их историческом прошлом
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491:, Nikolay Alexeyevich Maksimieyko, Matvey Kuzmich Lyubavskiy and
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it was issued in 4 volumes in Kaunas in the years of 1934–1936.
746:Тверской уезд в XVI в. Его население и виды земельного владения
1133:
Recipients of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
483:
The Russian pre-revolutionary historiography, represented by
170:(1902–1905). Then he assumed the chair of Russian history in
166:
Lappo began his teaching career by holding minor jobs at the
422:Великое княжество Литовское во второй половине XVI столетия
527:
Lappo carried out a fairly detailed reconstruction of the
259:
In 1905 Lappo assumed the chair of Russian history at the
1033:
Ivanas Lappo – Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto profesorius
948:Мякишев 2004, Чебанов 2004, Miakiszew 2005, Дубьева 2005
790:К истории панского класса в великом княжестве Литовском
623:И. И. Лаппо: известные и неизвестные страница биографии
1055:
Iwan I. Łappo (1869–1944) – dwa wymiary życia uczonego
659:
Iwan I. Łappo (1869-1944) – dwa wymiary życia uczonego
396:
or with later relations between two components of the
802:К вопросу об утверждении литовского Статута 1588 года
217:
and its various representatives held estates between
915:
Rusų istorikai apie Lietuvos didžiąją kunigaikštystė
826:
more bibliographical details in Н. М. Зернов (ed.),
461:Происхождение украинской идеологии Новейшего времени
263:(now Tartu). In 1911 he obtained PhD laurels at the
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18:
1059:Ostatni obywatele Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego
762:Подкоморский суд в Великом кн Литовском XVI—XVII
663:Ostatni obywatele Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego
1004:Балтийский архив. Русская культура в Прибалтике
1057:, Taeduzs Bujnicki, Krzystof Stępnik (eds.),
317:; Lappo was financially aided by the British.
898:Препобавание истории в Тартуском университете
661:, Taeduzs Bujnicki, Krzystof Stępnik (ed.),
8:
1123:Academic staff of Vytautas Magnus University
975:Ragauskas 1994, Мякишев 2004, Miakiszew 2005
794:Постановления трех виленских съездов 1587 г.
356:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
1013:, N. Angermann, W. Lenz, K. Maier (eds.),
301:In October 1919 Voronezh was taken over by
1006:, vol. 9, Вильнюс 2005, pp. 374 – 391
229:, though his exact position is not clear.
15:
1118:Academic staff of the University of Tartu
885:История Тартуского университета 1632-1982
628:ЯЛИК: Язык, Литература, История, Культура
1113:Saint Petersburg State University alumni
443:
1153:Deaths by airstrike during World War II
596:
758:Земский суд в Великом кн Литовском XVI
1163:People from Pushkin, Saint Petersburg
1048:Вестник ВГУ. Серия Гуманитарные науки
609:Вестник ВГУ. Серия Гуманитарные науки
315:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
7:
1143:White Russian emigrants to Lithuania
1128:Academic staff of Vilnius University
1083:Myakishev's monograph article online
227:Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church
919:Труды Академии наук Литовской ССР
1108:Historians from the Russian Empire
408:Except his mid-term treaty on the
286:Escape from Russia; Czechoslovakia
135:union between Lithuania and Poland
14:
1148:Naturalized citizens of Lithuania
1066:Istorikas Ivanas Lappo ir Lietuva
274:Following German takeover of the
234:St. Peterburg Imperial University
1158:Civilians killed in World War II
502:
344:. However, thanks to support of
26:
1072:, Vilnius 1994, pp. 81– 91
1061:, Lublin 2005, pp. 307–315
939:Ragauskas 1994, Lasinskas 1998
902:Tartu Ülikooli Ajaloo Kűsimusi
620:В. Д. Чебанов, С. В. Чебанов,
485:Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov
398:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
386:Великое княжество Литовское...
354:. In 1938, he was awarded the
184:Vytuautas the Great University
1:
1138:Soviet emigrants to Lithuania
703:Istorikas I. Lappo ir Lietuva
440:Western borderlands of Russia
1070:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
707:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
489:Mikhail Osipovich Koyalovich
303:counter-revolutionary troops
209:Lappo descended from an old
518:in art; Polish painting of
168:University of St. Peterburg
1179:
1050:1 (2004), pp. 162–176
1026:Новый исторический вестник
1017:, Berlin 2011, pp. 513–539
493:Fedor Ivanovich Leontovich
473:Литовский Статут 1588 года
269:Lithuanian Statute of 1588
1002:, Павел Лавринец (ed.),
995:LXXXIV (2019), pp. 97–122
847:LXXXIV (2019), pp. 97–122
255:university, early 20th c.
205:university, early 20th c.
126:
25:
1028:1/12 (2005), pp. 186–196
774:Полоцкая ревизия 1552 г.
586:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
131:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
182:(1923–1932) and at the
966:Ambroziak 2019, p. 117
921:A. 2. 9. (1960), p. 77
874:Miakiszew 2005, p. 312
856:Miakiszew 2005, p. 309
718:Miakiszew 2005, p. 314
692:Мiakiszew 2005, p. 313
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276:Governorate of Livonia
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1042:Владимир П. Мякишев,
1039:3/35 (1998), pp. 3–20
930:Эрингсон 1975, p. 122
887:, Таллин 1982, p. 145
883:К. Сийливакас (ed.),
709:, Vilnius 1994, p. 85
665:, Lublin 2005, p. 310
603:Владимир П. Мякишев,
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1053:Władimir Miakiszew,
904:, Tartu 1975, p. 122
865:Głębocki 2016, p. 70
817:, Kraków 2016, p. 70
736:Мякишев 2004, p. 175
683:Мякишев 2004, p. 168
674:Мякишев 2004, p. 166
657:Władimir Miakiszew,
648:Мякишев 2004, p. 164
639:Мякишев 2004, p. 163
544:Reception and legacy
265:University of Moscow
261:University of Juriev
119:Ivan Ivanovich Lappo
1031:Povilas Lasinskas,
1020:Повилас Ласинскас,
993:Zapiski Historyczne
845:Zapiski Historyczne
469:Россия и славянство
127:Иван Иванович Лаппо
83:Cause of death
1022:И.И. Лаппо в Литве
987:Tomasz Ambroziak,
839:Tomasz Ambroziak,
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449:Lithuanian Statute
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244:Teaching in Russia
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176:Russian University
104:Academic professor
1064:Aivas Ragauskas,
1009:Ludmila Dub’eva,
998:Людмила Дубьева,
813:Henryk Głębocki,
701:Aivas Ragauskas,
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587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
575:
569:
566:
561:
557:
550:
543:
541:
537:
535:
530:
521:
517:
513:
505:
496:
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
446:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
416:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
387:
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
335:
331:
324:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
292:
285:
283:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
254:
250:
243:
241:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
204:
200:
193:
191:
190:(1933–1940).
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
161:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
124:
120:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
76:
66:
62:
58:
54:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1037:Lituanistica
1036:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1003:
999:
992:
988:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
918:
914:
909:
901:
897:
892:
884:
879:
870:
861:
852:
844:
840:
835:
827:
822:
814:
809:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
761:
757:
753:
745:
741:
732:
723:
714:
706:
702:
697:
688:
679:
670:
662:
658:
653:
644:
635:
627:
621:
616:
608:
604:
599:
574:World War II
570:
562:
558:
554:
538:
526:
516:Lublin Union
482:
479:Key concepts
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
421:
414:
407:
394:Lublin Union
390:
385:
367:privatdozent
366:
360:
351:privatdozent
349:
339:
336:in the 1930s
325:In Lithuania
319:
311:Novorossiysk
300:
297:in the 1920s
273:
258:
238:G. F. Karpov
231:
208:
165:
118:
117:
69:(1944-12-23)
1103:1944 deaths
1098:1869 births
520:Jan Matejko
467:(1929) and
426:voivodships
404:Grand Duchy
194:Early years
186:in Kaunas,
178:in Prague,
93:Nationality
1092:Categories
913:M. Jucas,
419:PhD thesis
342:Lithuanian
203:Petersburg
101:Occupation
45:1869-08-29
39:Ivan Lappo
20:Ivan Lappo
630:59 (2004)
592:Footnotes
307:Black Sea
280:bolshevik
211:Ruthenian
188:Lithuania
112:Historian
77:, Germany
800:(1917),
796:(1916),
792:(1915),
788:(1914),
784:(1913),
780:(1907),
776:(1905),
760:(1897),
580:See also
144:Voronezh
87:Air raid
563:In the
522:, 1869
430:Vitebsk
371:Dresden
223:Vitebsk
215:Belarus
156:Vilnius
123:Russian
96:Russian
75:Dresden
804:(1917)
764:(1899)
748:(1894)
434:Polock
334:Kaunas
295:Prague
253:Juriev
172:Juriev
152:Kaunas
148:Prague
377:Works
219:Minsk
140:Tartu
565:USSR
534:king
432:and
410:Tver
221:and
154:and
64:Died
35:Born
1068:,
1046:,
1035:,
1024:,
991:,
917:,
900:,
843:,
705:,
626:,
607:,
428:of
1094::
576:.
487:,
436:.
373:.
158:.
150:,
146:,
142:,
125::
55:,
121:(
47:)
43:(
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