100:, Jamaica. She was the youngest of six daughters. When her mother died while Baxter was young, she was raised by an aunt. She attended Wolmer's Girls School in the 1940s, where she learned English country dance. Around this time, she also converted to Catholicism. During the 1930s and 40s, Baxter studied classical ballet, tap, and character dancing at a Kingston dance studio.
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schools. She was the first
Jamaican choreographer to combine African folk dance with modern expressionist dance. Baxter was the "first person to superimpose a distinctive STYLE on the indigenous movement patterns of the country without attempting to rearrange it too much." Her work depicted folk narratives, Jamaican history, and contemporary situations.
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The Ivy Baxter Dance Group danced at national and civic events and public festivals, introducing
Jamaican folk dance. The group toured the United States and Latin America. Baxter also ran Summer Schools, of ten financed using her personal resources, to teach dancers from around the Caribbean. For the
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After Baxter returned to
Jamaica in 1952, the Ivy Baxter Dance Group worked to create a unique Jamaican dance vocabulary and style, pioneering Caribbean creative dance in Jamaica. Baxter started the "barefoot movement," separating her dance from the colonial, European folk dance taught in Jamaican
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Baxter worked as a secretary at the YMCA, where she interacted with dance instructors
Phyllis Stapells and Bretta Powels. Stapells and Powells taught creative dance, with an innovative approach adapting English country dance to local Jamaican styles. It was decided that Baxter would be trained to
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In 1966, Baxter became the dance adjudicator for
Jamaica Welfare. In this position, Baxter was introduced to Jamaica's rural communities and their dance styles. She also interacted with festivals and Jamaican folklore. Her work helped instigate the 1962
88:. She was the first person to combine modern dance with Jamaica's African folk dance. Her work celebrating African cultural roots contributed to the Jamaican independence movement's creation of a national identity.
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and the
Excelsior Education Center until she retired in 1982. Baxter was a strong believer in using dance as a teaching and therapeutic tool. She worked to create dance programs for the elderly at Excelsior.
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and the creation of the
Jamaica School of Dance. Baxter led the "education, documentation and dissemination of Jamaican traditional forms." Baxter also introduced dance into folk rituals and customs.
162:. During this time, members of the Ivy Baxter Dance Group created the National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica, building on Baxter's work. The Ivy Baxter Dance Company officially closed in 1967.
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Baxter worked with many institutions, including the
Council of the Institute of Jamaica, the Jamaica School of Music and the Jamaica School of Dance.
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and movement analysis. In 1950, she created The Ivy Baxter Modern
Creative Dance Group (IBDG). The group included Joyce Campbell, Alma Mock-Yen,
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one of the first books documenting
Jamaican dance. Upon returning to Jamaica, Baxter worked as the coordinator and acting director of
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463:"Roots to Routes: The Evolution of Jamaica's National Dance Theatre Company and the School of Dance, Edna Manley College"
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Upon returning to Jamaica, Baxter worked as a physical education teacher. From 1950 to 1951, she studied at London's
534:"Does The Caribbean Body Daaance Or Daunce? An exploration of Modern Contemporary Dance from a Caribbean Perspective"
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In 1961, Baxter went to New York City to study physical education, recreation, and dance teaching at
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replace Stapells. She was awarded a Jamaica Scholarship to study physical education at the
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Baxteer developed diabetes, leading to her losing a toe. Baxter died in
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DeGrasse-Johnson, Nicholeen; Walker, Christopher A. (2019-12-13).
84:(March 3, 1923 – January 9, 1993) was a pioneer in the field of
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World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: The Americas
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147:, Jamaica's first integrated full-length musical.
307:"Remembering Ivy Baxter: Her Life and Her Legacy"
165:In 1966, Baxter began working towards a Ph.D. at
115:School of European Ballet, where she studied
437:"Ivy Baxter turns Jamaican dance on its head"
392:Caribbean Literature in Transition, 1920–1970
143:group's tenth anniversary, members performed
16:Jamaican dancer and choreographer (1923–1993)
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682:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
502:Rubin, Don; Solorzano, Carlos (2013-10-08).
585:Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism
581:"The Body and Performance in 1970s Jamaica"
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133:National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica
96:Ivy Baxter was born on March 3, 1923, in
532:Stines, L'Antoinette (September 2005).
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197:or kidney failure on January 9, 1993.
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256:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50817
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359:Augustyn, Heather (2020-05-21).
248:African American Studies Center
550:10.1080/00086495.2005.11672275
323:10.1080/00086495.2001.11672133
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647:Converts to Roman Catholicism
386:Allen-Paisant, Jason (2021).
305:Yen, Alma Mock (March 2001).
242:Sörgel, Sabine (2016-06-01),
153:Jamaica Independence Festival
687:University of Toronto alumni
388:"Towards a National Theatre"
642:20th-century Jamaican women
250:, Oxford University Press,
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657:Dancers with disabilities
400:10.1017/9781108850087.006
75:Pioneer of Jamaican dance
667:Jamaican Roman Catholics
597:10.1215/07990537-7374514
131:, who later created the
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662:Diabetes-related deaths
362:Women in Jamaican Music
171:The Arts of an Island,
127:, Clive Thompson, and
175:Excelsior High School
106:University of Toronto
538:Caribbean Quarterly
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195:diabetic neuropathy
167:Florida University
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372:978-1-4766-3959-8
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39:March 3, 1923
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473:(3): 13–30.
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117:Labanotation
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59:(1993-01-09)
43:Spanish Town
637:1993 deaths
632:1923 births
317:(1): 7–29.
129:Garth Fagan
121:Eddy Thomas
626:Categories
447:2024-02-07
271:2024-02-06
201:References
82:Ivy Baxter
35:1923-03-03
23:Ivy Baxter
613:150442351
605:0799-0537
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558:0008-6495
489:1916-3460
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92:Biography
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