1009:
479:
46:
332:
466:
beautiful
Woizero Aster Iyasu who took Ras Mikael Sehul in 1769 as her third husband. Emperor Iyasu became very attached to his half-sisters, but was deeply resentful of their father. It is said that it was the Emperor himself that ordered the murder of his mother's lover by having him pushed from a cliff top near
284:
appeared. Although the rebels failed to penetrate its walls, much of Gondar was left in ruins. Instead of taking the title of regent upon the succession of her underage son, Empress
Mentewab had herself crowned as co-ruler, becoming the first woman to be crowned in this manner in Ethiopian history.
460:
Emperor Iyasu also resented deeply the romantic liaison his mother entered into with a young member of the
Imperial family. Empress Mentewab became involved with Iyasu, the son of her former sister-in-law Romanework, who was herself the sister of the late Emperor Bakaffa, and on her father's side
370:
that, at the time of my sojourn there, the
Emperor, now over thirty years of age, saw his treasury diminished and scarcely enough for his ordinary expenses." Prutky adds that during the year he was in Ethiopia (1752), the emperor was engaged in a struggle with his own sister over the revenues from
369:
from Europe." Prutky, on the other hand blamed Iyasu's constrained revenues to the actions of his mother
Mentewab: "Since the youthful emperor Jasu had only reached the age of eight when he ascended the throne, his mother the Queen divided out the provinces among the chief ministers in such a way
465:
of the
Solomonic dynasty. Mentewab's relationship with the much younger nephew of her late husband was considered a great scandal, and the young Prince was derisively referred to as "Melmal Iyasu", or "Iyasu the Kept". The Empress had three daughters by this Melmal Iyasu, one of whom was the
494:
Iyasu fell seriously ill in May, 1755, and died the next month. It was generally believed that he had been poisoned by the sister of Melmal Iyasu, in revenge for her brother's death. When the
Empress Mentewab sought funds from the treasury for his funeral, only a few
361:, bringing game such as wild buffaloes, rhinoceroses, and elephants. According to Paul Henze, Iyasu "came under criticism for devoting too much time to pleasure (he loved hunting) and for spending too many resources on embellishing the
393:
carried into battle were captured, and had to be ransomed for 8,000 ounces of gold. This defeat decisively ended any hope by Iyasu to prove himself competent in military affairs; as Donald Levine writes, "The subsequent subdual of
524:
woman, with whom he had three sons named Adigo, Hailu and Atseku and one daughter Wald Saala. This woman wished to take part in the government of
Ethiopia and as a result she and her sons were sent to the fortress of
350:
politics. Although he and his two companions were popular because of their medical skills, after a year Prutky and his
Catholic companion were asked to leave because of complaints from the local
660:
7216 Year of the World. Bosc-TiessΓ©, Claire, "'How
Beautiful She Is!' in Her Mirror: Polysemic Images and Reflections of Power of an Eighteenth-Century Ethiopia Queen",
1758:
975:
997:
272:
The Empress Mentewab played a major role in Iyasu's reign, perhaps against her will. Shortly after he was proclaimed Emperor, a rival claimant assaulted the
1743:
1748:
230:
990:
678:, "An Eighteenth Century Ethiopian Dynastic Marriage Contract between Empress Mentewwab of Gondar and Ras Mika'el Sehul of Tegre," in
735:
573:) and as such chose a second wife for Iyasu II who was from "Galla land". The second wife was a daughter of Amitzo, a member of the
285:
Empress Mentewab wielded significant authority throughout the reign of her son, and well into the reign of her grandson as well.
662:
357:
Despite Mentewab's counsel, Iyasu proved to be an ineffectual monarch. Frequently, Iyasu engaged in hunting expeditions, near
775:
983:
695:(Chicago: University Press, 1965), p. 24. Details from Remedius Prutky's account in J.H. Arrowsmith-Brown (trans.),
1017:
675:
1768:
1763:
1753:
1696:
382:
410:
351:
273:
1060:
895:
147:
1683:
800:
Christian-Muslim Relation: A Bibliographical History, Asia, Africa and the Americas (1700-1800),789-793
478:
316:
764:
457:
to pay homage. As insignias of this appointment Habtes received a negarit, jewellery and other gifts.
45:
1738:
1733:
1705:
1692:
1607:
1027:
1013:
967:
957:
504:
254:
56:
377:
In a bid to gain the respect of his subjects, the Emperor Iyasu engaged in a campaign against the
657:
880:
Lords of the Red Sea: The History of a Red Sea Society from the Sixteenth to Nineteenth century
1625:
1379:
1365:
1216:
1035:
862:
781:
771:
741:
731:
499:
could be found. Saddened by this situation, she threatened to retire to her palace convent at
442:
378:
358:
258:
200:
178:
883:
500:
483:
453:
areas of present-day Eritrea) to Habtes, of the Bet Asegede family, after the latter came to
1512:
1477:
1456:
1435:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1294:
1262:
1053:
1008:
759:
574:
526:
1428:
1347:
643:
545:
541:
428:
309:
798:
Solomon Gebreyes Beyene, "Chronicler of Iyasu II", in: D. Thomas and J. Cherworth (eds.)
346:
named Remedius Prutky visited his kingdom, and engaged Iyasu in talks about religion and
577:
tribe. The wife was christened "Bersabeh" and had a son who later succeeded Iyasu II as
1660:
1174:
1104:
446:
170:
1727:
1702:
1667:
1547:
1533:
1188:
1111:
521:
399:
294:
164:
402:
district were not sufficient to redeem that defeat or restore the force of Gondar."
331:
17:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1540:
1491:
1223:
1153:
1146:
1097:
1046:
930:
The Royal Chronicle of his reign is translated in part by Richard K. P. Pankhurst,
914:
840:, 1928 (Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970), pp. 454f.
570:
462:
435:
340:
725:
1632:
1618:
1463:
1442:
1372:
1358:
1160:
918:
503:, but a group of nobles persuaded her to instead become regent for her grandson
432:
313:
1639:
1386:
1280:
1251:
1209:
1167:
1125:
1090:
785:
745:
699:
with notes by Richard Pankhurst (London: Hakluyt Society, 1991), pp. 173f
537:
419:. According to Edward Ullendorff, Iyasu's authority "scarcely extended beyond
390:
343:
71:
1646:
1400:
1315:
1273:
1237:
555:
467:
398:, a rebel region for generations, and Iyasu's raids against tribes in the
1526:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1414:
1301:
1202:
1195:
1181:
1139:
1132:
530:
420:
320:
302:
266:
250:
242:
220:
104:
1653:
1336:
1322:
1287:
1118:
950:
724:
Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1980). "The Imperial House of Ethiopia".
578:
298:
262:
210:
195:
187:
94:
84:
50:
Depiction of the court of Iyasu II (left) in an 18th century manuscript
409:
afflicted the land, and an epidemic took the lives of thousands. When
1308:
487:
454:
406:
371:
366:
362:
347:
281:
277:
151:
365:, paying foreign workmen, and importing luxury goods, ornaments and
1519:
1505:
1449:
1244:
1230:
496:
477:
450:
424:
415:
395:
330:
413:
died, the treasury lacked money to pay for procurement of a new
386:
979:
540:
reigned as Emperor between 1777 and 1779 during the turbulent
766:
Wax & gold: tradition and innovation in Ethiopian culture
569:
Mentewab wished to make an alliance with the "Galla" people (
427:
and Lasta acknowledged only a token allegiance, while in the
693:
Wax and Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture
245:: α’α«α±; 21 October 1723 – 27 June 1755), throne name
869:, second edition (London: Oxford Press, 1965), p. 81
911:
Ye Ityopia Tarik Ke Atse Libne Dingil iske Atse Tewodros
548:
was briefly on the throne for a few months in 1795.
269:(also known by her baptismal name of Welete Giyorgis).
680:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
640:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume II (Nubia and Abyssinia)
867:
The Ethiopians: An Introduction to Country and People
1701:
During that time, the imperial title was claimed by
770:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 26.
536:β Adigo was his Iyasu's firstborn son. Adigo's son,
1606:
1346:
1261:
1034:
226:
216:
206:
194:
177:
159:
142:
130:
115:
111:
100:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
32:
763:
727:Burke's royal families of the world : 2. vol
482:The bones of Mentewab, Iyasu II, and Iyoas I, in
697:Prutky's Travels in Ethiopia and other Countries
1695:, Haile Selassie went into exile following the
35:
802:, Leiden and Bostorn, Brill, 2018, p. 792
991:
934:(Addis Ababa: Oxford University Press, 1967).
8:
308:Iyasu had two sisters, one married Takle of
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
998:
984:
976:
939:
838:A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia
554:β Atseku was his third son. Atseku's son,
297:descent, Iyasu II was only son of Emperor
44:
29:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
561:β Wald Saala was Iyasu's first daughter.
558:reigned as Emperor between 1784 and 1788
276:for eight days, only leaving the capital
815:(New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 106
730:. London: Burke's Peerage. p. 47.
615:
590:
441:Iyasu II also conferred the dignity of
257:from 1730 to 1755, and a member of the
1759:Child monarchs from sub-Saharan Africa
666:, 2004, Vol. 8 Issue 3/4, p. 294
405:During his reign two infestations of
27:Emperor of Ethiopia from 1730 to 1755
7:
894:Anthony d'AVRAY, Richard Pankhurst,
461:descended in male line from another
921:") (Birhanena Selam Printing Press)
913:("History of Ethiopia from Emperor
520:Iyasu II had two wives. The first
25:
1744:18th-century emperors of Ethiopia
900:, Harrasowitz Verlag, p. 12
1007:
66:19 September 1730 β 27 June 1755
1749:18th-century monarchs in Africa
663:Journal of Early Modern History
565:Second marriage and descendants
381:, which ended in defeat at the
932:The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles
516:First marriage and descendants
431:the long rule of the powerful
1:
551:β Hailu was his second son.
389:of Christ and a piece of the
638:Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928).
280:when an army of 30,000 from
261:. He was the son of Emperor
1168:Zara Yaqob (Kwestantinos I)
339:During Iyasu II's reign, a
1785:
1697:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1182:Eskender (Kwestantinos II)
383:Battle of the Dindar River
36:
1677:
1054:Yagbe'u Seyon (Salomon I)
1025:
964:
955:
947:
942:
646:: Routledge. p. 459.
43:
909:Tekle Tsadik Mekuria,
882:, Harrasowitz Verlag,
491:
336:
760:Levine, Donald Nathan
481:
334:
183:Adigo (by first wife)
1014:Emperors of Ethiopia
836:E. A. Wallis Budge,
600:was also spelled as
544:era. Salomon's son,
335:Iyasu with his court
185:Aylo (by first wife)
18:Iyasu II of Ethiopia
1706:Victor Emmanuel III
958:Emperor of Ethiopia
897:The Nakfa Documents
255:Emperor of Ethiopia
148:Debretsehay Kuskuam
57:Emperor of Ethiopia
1769:People from Gondar
1764:Ethiopian children
1348:Era of the Princes
691:Donald N. Levine,
492:
337:
312:, another married
169:Welete Bersabe of
1754:Solomonic dynasty
1721:
1720:
1713:Emperor-in-exile.
1626:Tekle Giyorgis II
1380:Tekle Haymanot II
1366:Tekle Haymanot II
1036:Solomonic dynasty
974:
973:
965:Succeeded by
878:Anthony d'AVRAY,
863:Edward Ullendorff
676:Richard Pankhurst
529:on the orders of
411:Abuna Krestodolos
379:Kingdom of Sennar
259:Solomonic dynasty
236:
235:
76:19 September 1730
16:(Redirected from
1776:
1714:
1709:
1687:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1513:Baeda Maryam III
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1478:Tekle Giyorgis I
1473:
1466:
1459:
1457:Tekle Giyorgis I
1452:
1445:
1438:
1436:Tekle Giyorgis I
1431:
1424:
1422:Tekle Giyorgis I
1417:
1410:
1408:Tekle Giyorgis I
1403:
1396:
1394:Tekle Giyorgis I
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1295:Tekle Haymanot I
1290:
1283:
1276:
1263:Gondarine period
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1012:
1011:
1000:
993:
986:
977:
962:1730–1755
948:Preceded by
940:
935:
928:
922:
907:
901:
892:
886:
876:
870:
860:
854:
847:
841:
834:
828:
825:Prutky's Travels
822:
816:
809:
803:
796:
790:
789:
769:
756:
750:
749:
721:
700:
689:
683:
673:
667:
654:
648:
647:
635:
604:
595:
253:: ααα α°αα΅), was
201:House of Solomon
190:(by second wife)
137:
125:
123:
48:
39:
38:
30:
21:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1700:
1690:
1681:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1608:Modern Ethiopia
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1429:Baeda Maryam II
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1288:Iyasu the Great
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:: Senfa Ared IV
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1021:
1006:
1004:
970:
961:
953:
938:
929:
925:
908:
904:
893:
889:
877:
873:
861:
857:
848:
844:
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:Paul B. Henze,
810:
806:
797:
793:
778:
758:
757:
753:
738:
723:
722:
703:
690:
686:
682:, 1979, p. 458.
674:
670:
655:
651:
637:
636:
617:
613:
608:
607:
596:
592:
587:
567:
546:Baeda Maryam II
542:Zemene Mesafint
518:
513:
476:
329:
291:
274:Royal Enclosure
231:Coptic Orthodox
186:
184:
168:
155:
135:
126:21 October 1723
121:
119:
51:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1688:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1661:Haile Selassie
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1175:Baeda Maryam I
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1105:Newaya Krestos
1101:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1005:
1003:
1002:
995:
988:
980:
972:
971:
966:
963:
954:
949:
945:
944:
943:Regnal titles
937:
936:
923:
902:
887:
871:
855:
842:
829:
817:
813:Layers of Time
804:
791:
776:
751:
736:
701:
684:
668:
649:
614:
612:
609:
606:
605:
589:
588:
586:
583:
566:
563:
517:
514:
512:
509:
475:
472:
445:of the Habab (
328:
325:
290:
287:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
181:
175:
174:
161:
157:
156:
146:
144:
140:
139:
138:(aged 31)
132:
128:
127:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1781:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1668:Amha Selassie
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:Gebre Krestos
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:Gebre Krestos
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:Amda Seyon II
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
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1112:Newaya Maryam
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737:9780850110296
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173:(second wife)
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1703:Italian King
1597:Sahle Dengel
1590:Yohannes III
1583:Sahle Dengel
1576:Yohannes III
1569:Sahle Dengel
1562:Yohannes III
1555:Sahle Dengel
1541:Sahle Dengel
1492:Egwale Seyon
1329:
1224:Sarsa Dengel
1154:Sarwe Iyasus
1147:Takla Maryam
1098:Amda Seyon I
1047:Yekuno Amlak
956:
931:
926:
915:Lebna Dengel
910:
905:
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853:, p. 24
851:Wax and Gold
850:
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571:Oromo people
568:
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553:
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519:
493:
459:
440:
438:had begun."
423:and Gojjam;
414:
404:
385:in 1738; an
376:
356:
338:
307:
292:
271:
265:and Empress
246:
238:
237:
167:(first wife)
136:(1755-06-27)
134:27 June 1755
1739:1755 deaths
1734:1723 births
1633:Yohannes IV
1619:Tewodros II
1611:(1855β1974)
1464:Salomon III
1443:Salomon III
1373:Susenyos II
1359:Yohannes II
1351:(1769β1855)
1266:(1632β1769)
1161:Amda Iyasus
1073:Qedma Asgad
1068:Hezba Asgad
1039:(1270β1632)
1028:Family tree
917:to Emperor
163:Woman from
81:Predecessor
37:α³ααα αα α’α«α±
1728:Categories
1640:Menelik II
1387:Salomon II
1281:Yohannes I
1252:Susenyos I
1210:Gelawdewos
1126:Tewodros I
1091:Wedem Arad
1083:Saba Asgad
786:1036909730
777:0226475638
746:1015115240
611:References
538:Salomon II
463:cadet line
391:True Cross
344:Franciscan
247:Alem Sagad
154:, Ethiopia
122:1723-10-21
72:Coronation
1693:1936β1941
1647:Lij Iyasu
1401:Iyasu III
1316:Dawit III
1274:Fasilides
1238:Za Dengel
1078:Jin Asgad
556:Iyasu III
470:in 1742.
468:Lake Tana
239:Iyasu II
107:(1723β30)
91:Successor
33:Iyasu II
1691:Between
1527:Iyasu IV
1499:Iyoas II
1485:Demetros
1471:Demetros
1415:Hezqeyas
1330:Iyasu II
1302:Tewoflos
1203:Dawit II
1140:Andreyas
1133:Yeshaq I
919:Tewodros
849:Levine,
762:(1972).
644:New York
531:Mentewab
421:Begemder
348:European
321:Begemder
303:Mentewab
289:Ancestry
267:Mentewab
227:Religion
221:Mentewab
171:Karrayyu
105:Mentewab
1684:crowned
1654:Zewditu
1337:Iyoas I
1323:Bakaffa
1119:Dawit I
968:Iyoas I
951:Bakaffa
579:Iyoas I
505:Iyoas I
501:Qusquam
484:Kuskwam
443:Kantiba
436:Mika'el
407:locusts
367:mirrors
363:capital
299:Bakaffa
263:Bakaffa
211:Bakaffa
188:Iyoas I
95:Iyoas I
85:Bakaffa
1682:Never
1309:Yostos
784:
774:
744:
734:
658:Teqemt
522:Amhara
511:Family
497:dinars
488:Gondar
455:Gondar
429:Tigray
400:Atbara
372:Gojjam
359:Sennar
352:clergy
310:Tigray
295:Amhara
282:Gojjam
278:Gondar
217:Mother
207:Father
165:Amhara
160:Spouse
152:Gondar
143:Burial
101:Regent
1520:Gigar
1506:Gigar
1450:Yonas
1245:Yaqob
1231:Yaqob
1217:Menas
1196:Na'od
884:p. 50
598:Hailu
585:Notes
575:Edjaw
527:Wanhi
474:Death
451:Sahel
447:Nakfa
416:abuna
396:Lasta
341:Czech
327:Reign
317:Elias
251:Ge'ez
243:Ge'ez
196:House
179:Issue
63:Reign
1061:Sons
1018:List
782:OCLC
772:ISBN
742:OCLC
732:ISBN
602:Aylo
449:and
425:Shoa
387:icon
323:.
301:and
131:Died
116:Born
656:12
433:Ras
319:of
314:Ras
293:Of
1730::
865:,
780:.
740:.
704:^
642:.
618:^
581:.
533:.
507:.
374:.
354:.
305:.
150:,
1708:.
1699:.
1686:.
1020:)
1016:(
999:e
992:t
985:v
788:.
748:.
490:)
486:(
249:(
241:(
124:)
120:(
20:)
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