387:
search of all possible 56-bit numbers, because as soon as an invalid bit is detected, all subsequent address bits are known to be invalid. The 56-bit address space is searched as a binary tree, allowing up to 75 devices to be found per second. The order in which device addresses are discovered by this enumeration protocol is deterministic and depends only on the device type and serial number. Bit-reversing these 56 bits yields the order of discovery for devices using Maxim's published algorithm (algorithm defined in
Application Note 187). The search algorithm can be implemented in an alternative form, initially searching paths with address bits equal to 1, rather than 0. In this case, inverting the 56 address bits and then reversing them yields the order of discovery.
1496:
414:) chip, and measured with a logic analyzer. A logic high on the 1-Wire output, means the output of the FPGA is in tri-state mode and the 1-Wire device can pull the bus low. A low means the FPGA pulls down the bus. The 1-Wire input is the measured bus signal. On input sample time high, the FPGA samples the input for detecting the device response and receiving bits.
42:
31:
221:- and MagSafe-2-connector–equipped power supplies, displays, and Mac laptops use the 1-Wire protocol to send and receive data to and from the connected Mac laptop, via the middle pin of the connector. Data include power supply model, wattage, and serial number; and laptop commands to send full power, and illuminate the red or green
149:
1-Wire devices can fit in different places in a system. It might be one of many components on a circuit board within a product. It also might be a single component within a device such as a temperature probe. It could be attached to a device being monitored. Some laboratory systems connect to 1-Wire
332:
in the slave device. The multivibrator in the slave reads the data line about 30 μs after the falling edge. The slave's internal timer is an inexpensive analog timer. It has analog tolerances that affect its timing accuracy. Therefore, the pulses are calculated to be within margins. Therefore,
200:
Each 1-Wire chip has a unique identifier code. This feature makes the chips, especially iButtons, suitable electronic keys. Some uses include locks, burglar alarms, computer systems, manufacturer-approved accessories, time clocks and courier and maintenance keys for smart safes. iButtons have been
386:
command, and then an address, "listening" after each bit of an address. If a slave's address matches all the address bits sent so far, it returns a 0. The master uses this simple behavior to search systematically for valid sequences of address bits. The process is much faster than a brute force
275:, connects the pull-up resistor to ground through its output MOSFET. The data wire is high when idle, and so it can also power a limited number of slave devices. Data rates of 16.3 kbit/s can be achieved. There is also an overdrive mode that speeds up the communication by a factor of 10.
381:
protocols, is an algorithm the master uses to read the address of every device on the bus. Since the address includes the device type and a CRC, recovering the roster of addresses also produces a reliable inventory of the devices on the bus. To find the devices, the master broadcasts an
267:. The pull-up resistor pulls the wire up to 3 or 5 volts. The master device and all the slaves each have a single open-drain connection to drive the wire, and a way to sense the state of the wire. Despite the "1-Wire" name, all devices must also have a second conductor for a
196:
iButtons are connected to 1-Wire bus systems by means of sockets with contacts that touch the "lid" and "base" of the canister. Alternatively, the connection can be semi-permanent with a socket into which the iButton clips, but from which it is easily removed.
390:
The location of devices on the bus is sometimes significant. For these situations, a microcontroller can use several pins, or the manufacturer has a 1-Wire device that can switch the bus off or pass it on. Software can therefore explore sequential
373:
There are several standard broadcast commands, as well as commands used to address a particular device. The master can send a selection command, then the address of a particular device. The next command is executed only by the addressed device.
256:. The master initiates activity on the bus, simplifying the avoidance of collisions on the bus. Protocols are built into the master's software to detect collisions. After a collision, the master retries the required communication.
343:
pulse to start each bit. If the transmitting slave unit wants to send a "1", it does nothing, and the bus goes to the pulled-up voltage. If the transmitting slave wants to send a "0", it pulls the data line to ground for
317:. This resets every slave device on the bus. After that, any slave device, if present, shows that it exists with a "presence" pulse: it holds the bus low for at least 60 μs after the master releases the bus.
361:
Many devices can share the same bus. Each device on the bus has a 64-bit serial number, of which eight bits are used as a checksum, thus allowing a "universe" of 2 (over 7.2 × 10) unique device identities. The
169:
Systems of sensors and actuators can be built by wiring together many 1-Wire components. Each 1-Wire component contains all of the logic needed to operate on the 1-Wire bus. Examples include
193:
interfaces are popular solutions for connecting a MicroLan to the host PC. 1-Wire devices can also be interfaced directly to microcontrollers from various vendors.
1657:
1530:
142:-style package (as typically used for transistors), and a portable form called an iButton or Dallas key which is a small stainless-steel package that resembles a
115:
One distinctive feature of the bus is the possibility of using only two conductors — data and ground. To accomplish this, 1-Wire devices integrate a small
512:
279:
936:
1464:
1093:
956:
2025:
1818:
1558:
763:
328:) low pulse. To send a binary number "0", the master sends a 60 μs low pulse. The falling (negative) edge of the pulse is used to start a
579:
617:
271:
connection to permit a return current to flow through the data wire. Communication occurs when a master or slave briefly pulls the bus low,
1144:
815:
478:
1491:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
576:"1-Wire online tutorial. This tutorial will give you an overview of the 1-Wire protocol, its device operation and application solutions"
419:
1652:
1523:
1197:
1036:
966:
1630:
1026:
302:, telephone cables, have been tested by the manufacturer. These extreme lengths require adjustments to the pull-up resistances from
351:
The basic sequence is a reset pulse followed by an eight-bit command, and then data are sent or received in groups of eight bits.
2062:
1943:
1848:
1625:
1124:
294:"bridge" chips are also available. Bridge chips are particularly useful to drive cables longer than 100 m. Up to 300-meter
1838:
916:
1610:
1516:
1468:
1119:
1088:
452:
407:
236:
about power, current and voltage ratings. The laptop will then refuse charging if the adapter does not meet requirements.
1888:
1878:
1539:
1066:
206:
2092:
1563:
1392:
1331:
1186:
850:
650:
2097:
1770:
1568:
991:
756:
146:. Manufacturers also produce devices more complex than a single component that use the 1-Wire bus to communicate.
1843:
1752:
1046:
502:
245:
97:
1823:
1775:
329:
429:
When developing and/or troubleshooting the 1-Wire bus, examination of hardware signals can be very important.
677:
554:
2055:
1973:
1913:
1883:
1499:
1474:
1366:
1021:
741:
355:
721:
1640:
1056:
533:
437:
are tools that collect, analyze, decode, and store signals to simplify viewing the high-speed waveforms.
88:, but with lower data rates and longer range. It is typically used to communicate with small inexpensive
2139:
2087:
1645:
1320:
1273:
1129:
901:
749:
2113:
1316:
1169:
1051:
268:
222:
202:
89:
78:
66:
59:
35:
726:
1785:
1635:
1228:
783:
575:
74:
53:
455:, a technique for electric power transmission with only "1 wire" without a ground return wire path
1615:
1600:
772:
624:
135:
70:
2040:
687:
600:
333:
the "0" pulses have to be 60 μs long, and the "1" pulses can't be longer than 15 μs.
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1218:
840:
776:
692:
249:
163:
151:
1808:
1722:
951:
394:
264:
155:
706:
2107:
1765:
1081:
931:
911:
786:
253:
159:
62:
126:) to store charge, which powers the device during periods when the data line is active.
1382:
1076:
1001:
926:
830:
805:
731:
507:
430:
354:
When a sequence of data is being transferred, errors can be detected with an eight-bit
287:
283:
278:
A short 1-Wire bus can be driven from a single digital I/O pin on a microcontroller. A
701:
2133:
1595:
1454:
1341:
1233:
1181:
1164:
946:
845:
835:
810:
735:
367:
363:
321:
232:
laptop power supplies use the 1-Wire protocol to send data via the third wire to the
190:
1893:
1682:
1662:
1553:
1191:
1134:
986:
891:
458:
434:
366:
of the serial number is an eight-bit number that tells the type of the device. The
295:
2017:
1986:
1981:
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143:
93:
56:
1742:
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1011:
800:
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260:
2082:
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116:
2102:
1963:
1732:
1717:
1712:
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1605:
1346:
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1016:
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96:
and weather instruments. A network of 1-Wire devices with an associated
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2035:
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233:
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30:
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40:
29:
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1702:
1402:
1387:
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229:
104:. The protocol is also used in small electronic keys known as a
1512:
745:
1853:
1351:
976:
971:
683:
Accessing, Reading, and
Writing to 1-Wire devices using a UART
479:"Reading and Writing 1-Wire Devices Through Serial Interfaces"
291:
182:
85:
696:
313:
pulse, which pulls the wire to 0 volts for at least 480
717:
Guides to working with 1-Wire, for programmers and engineers
410:, which was the master for the communication with a DS2432 (
707:
Choosing the Right 1-Wire Master for
Embedded Applications
534:""Teardown and exploration of Apple's Magsafe connector""
612:
610:
181:. These can be connected to a PC using a bus converter.
711:
134:
1-Wire devices are available in different packages:
2015:
1972:
1912:
1784:
1751:
1546:
1447:
1426:
1375:
1211:
1107:
859:
793:
722:Getting 1-Wire sensors working in Linux using OWFS
370:is a standard (for the 1-Wire bus) eight-bit CRC.
34:An iButton in a plastic fob, as used for Istanbul
702:Guidelines for Reliable Long Line 1-Wire Networks
651:"1 Wire Search Algorithm (Application Note 187)"
377:The 1-Wire bus enumeration protocol, like other
1094:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
601:"Using a UART to Implement a 1-Wire Bus Master"
732:Guide to writing software for 1-Wire/ MicroLan
1524:
757:
688:Using a UART to Implement a 1-Wire Bus Master
166:, commonly used for telephones) are popular.
8:
555:"Hacking Dell Laptop Charger Identification"
503:"Overview of 1-Wire Technology and Its Use"
406:The following signals were generated by an
280:universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter
177:and current sensors, battery monitors, and
69:that provides low-speed (16.3 kbit/s)
1531:
1517:
1509:
764:
750:
742:
449:, a single data wire communications scheme
282:(UART) can also be used. Specific 1-Wire
712:OWFS — 1-Wire file system for Linux
336:When receiving data, the master sends a
324:"1", the bus master sends a very brief (
309:The master starts a transmission with a
470:
244:In any MicroLan, there is always one
7:
45:A Java ring with an embedded iButton
402:Example communication with a device
248:in overall charge, which may be a
25:
2063:Factory Instrumentation Protocol
1944:Factory Instrumentation Protocol
1626:Factory Instrumentation Protocol
1495:
1494:
417:
84:1-Wire is similar in concept to
27:Device communications bus system
582:from the original on 2009-05-02
515:from the original on 2023-06-27
1:
1089:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
453:Single-wire transmission line
259:A 1-Wire network is a single
1067:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
1057:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
207:public transport in Istanbul
2093:Unified Diagnostic Services
1564:CC-Link Industrial Networks
2156:
1611:Ethernet Global Data (EGD)
1052:Compute Express Link (CXL)
150:devices using cables with
1753:Industrial control system
1488:
1289:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
1204:logical device interface)
358:(weak data protection).
330:monostable multivibrator
158:cable. In such systems,
1974:Automatic meter reading
1914:Power-system automation
727:1-wire Arduino tutorial
851:List of bus bandwidths
364:least significant byte
240:Communication protocol
46:
38:
2088:Keyword Protocol 2000
368:most significant byte
290:chips are available.
223:light-emitting diodes
44:
33:
1540:Automation protocols
1294:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
1032:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
738:, "the free Delphi".
292:Universal Serial Bus
67:Dallas Semiconductor
1786:Building automation
1636:FOUNDATION fieldbus
1135:Parallel ATA (PATA)
640:081218 maxim-ic.com
263:wire with a single
203:Akbil smart tickets
136:integrated circuits
100:device is called a
1616:Ethernet Powerlink
1547:Process automation
1042:PCI Express (PCIe)
630:on 27 January 2009
618:"iButton Overview"
225:in the connector.
152:modular connectors
71:data communication
47:
39:
36:Akbil smart ticket
2127:
2126:
1506:
1505:
1492:
1219:Apple Desktop Bus
1196:PCI Express (via
1155:Serial ATA (SATA)
841:Network on a chip
425:Development tools
250:personal computer
173:loggers, timers,
16:(Redirected from
2147:
1723:SERCOS interface
1533:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1490:
952:HP Precision Bus
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759:
752:
743:
665:
664:
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629:
623:. Archived from
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483:Maxim Integrated
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339:
327:
305:
265:pull-up resistor
122:
92:such as digital
21:
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2011:
1968:
1908:
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1507:
1502:
1493:
1484:
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1422:
1371:
1284:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
1207:
1103:
1082:Infinity Fabric
912:Europe Card Bus
855:
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431:Logic analyzers
427:
404:
345:
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337:
325:
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254:microcontroller
242:
234:laptop computer
215:
132:
120:
28:
23:
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15:
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11:
5:
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1415:
1410:
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1400:
1395:
1393:Intel HD Audio
1390:
1385:
1383:ADAT Lightpipe
1379:
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1111:
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1101:
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831:Bus contention
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806:Front-side bus
803:
797:
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787:computer buses
771:
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739:
729:
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673:
672:External links
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557:. hackaday.com
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508:Analog Devices
494:
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213:Power supplies
211:
162:(6P2C or 6P4C
131:
128:
77:over a single
75:supply voltage
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2019:
2016:Automobile /
2014:
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1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Honeywell SDS
1661:
1659:
1658:HART Protocol
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1501:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Multidrop bus
1453:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:External PCIe
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Parallel SCSI
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Commodore bus
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:Fibre Channel
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
852:
849:
847:
846:Plug and play
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:Bus mastering
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Back-side bus
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
796:
792:
788:
785:
781:
779:
774:
767:
762:
760:
755:
753:
748:
747:
744:
737:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
678:1-Wire Device
676:
675:
671:
652:
646:
643:
626:
619:
613:
611:
607:
602:
596:
593:
581:
577:
571:
568:
556:
550:
547:
536:. rightTo.com
535:
529:
526:
514:
510:
509:
504:
498:
495:
484:
480:
474:
471:
464:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
436:
435:bus analyzers
432:
424:
422:
420:
415:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
396:
388:
385:
380:
375:
371:
369:
365:
359:
357:
352:
349:
334:
331:
323:
322:binary number
318:
316:
312:
307:
301:
297:
296:twisted pairs
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
239:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
204:
198:
194:
192:
191:parallel port
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
164:modular plugs
161:
157:
153:
147:
145:
144:watch battery
141:
137:
130:Usage example
129:
127:
125:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
55:
51:
43:
37:
32:
19:
2140:Serial buses
1793:
1683:MECHATROLINK
1303:
987:TURBOchannel
777:
657:. Retrieved
645:
632:. Retrieved
625:the original
595:
584:. Retrieved
570:
559:. Retrieved
549:
538:. Retrieved
528:
517:. Retrieved
506:
497:
486:. Retrieved
482:
473:
459:Touch memory
428:
416:
405:
392:
389:
376:
372:
360:
353:
350:
335:
319:
310:
308:
299:
277:
272:
258:
243:
227:
216:
199:
195:
189:serial, and
168:
148:
133:
114:
109:
105:
101:
94:thermometers
83:
65:designed by
49:
48:
2110:(SAE J2716)
1982:ANSI C12.18
1932:IEC 60870-6
1927:IEC 60870-5
1621:EtherNet/IP
1460:CoreConnect
1439:ExpressCard
1367:Thunderbolt
1357:Camera Link
1140:Bus and Tag
826:Address bus
821:Control bus
816:Daisy chain
697:iButtonLink
634:18 December
384:enumeration
379:singulation
171:temperature
57:half-duplex
1743:TTEthernet
1728:SERCOS III
1591:ControlNet
1313:ACCESS.bus
1212:Peripheral
1012:InfiniBand
1007:HP GSC bus
801:System bus
586:2009-03-13
561:2015-11-30
540:2017-07-18
519:2023-07-21
488:2022-12-21
465:References
320:To send a
261:open drain
106:Dallas key
2051:NMEA 2000
2046:SAE J1939
2041:ARINC 825
2031:ARINC 429
1987:IEC 61107
1954:IEC 62351
1949:IEC 61850
1922:IEC 60870
1869:OpenTherm
1761:MTConnect
1688:MelsecNet
1601:DirectNET
1584:DeviceNet
1274:Lightning
1224:Atari SIO
1099:SpaceWire
932:Zorro III
872:S-100 bus
867:SS-50 bus
860:Standards
780:standards
773:Technical
659:2 October
304:5 to 1 kΩ
117:capacitor
79:conductor
2134:Category
1964:PROFIBUS
1733:Sinec H1
1718:RAPIEnet
1713:PROFINET
1708:PROFIBUS
1673:INTERBUS
1668:HostLink
1606:EtherCAT
1500:Category
1475:Wishbone
1448:Embedded
1427:Portable
1347:Profibus
1279:DMX512-A
1165:Parallel
1017:Ethernet
927:Zorro II
877:Multibus
778:de facto
580:Archived
513:Archived
441:See also
228:Genuine
205:for the
201:used as
102:MicroLAN
2068:FlexRay
2036:CAN bus
2018:Vehicle
1859:LonTalk
1834:EnOcean
1804:BatiBUS
1771:OPC HDA
1738:SynqNet
1698:Optomux
1678:IO-Link
1653:GE SRTP
1579:CANopen
1574:CAN bus
1480:SLIMbus
1434:PC Card
1418:TOSLINK
1108:Storage
1062:RapidIO
942:FASTBUS
897:STD Bus
794:General
736:Lazarus
693:iButton
395:domains
338:1–15 μs
326:1–15 μs
219:MagSafe
175:voltage
110:iButton
90:devices
18:IButton
2119:Cyphal
2007:Zigbee
2002:Modbus
1959:Modbus
1904:Zigbee
1899:Z-Wave
1864:Modbus
1799:BACnet
1794:1-Wire
1776:OPC UA
1766:OPC DA
1693:Modbus
1413:S/PDIF
1304:1-Wire
1269:RS-485
1264:RS-423
1259:RS-422
1254:RS-232
1115:ST-506
1072:NVLink
922:STEbus
882:Unibus
734:using
447:SDI-12
412:EEPROM
341:0 volt
288:bridge
284:driver
269:ground
246:master
217:Apple
187:RS-232
179:memory
121:
98:master
60:serial
50:1-Wire
2083:J1708
2078:J1587
2073:IEBus
1997:M-Bus
1829:DyNet
1814:CEBus
1809:C-Bus
1408:McASP
1376:Audio
1321:SMBus
1317:PMBus
1299:UNI/O
1239:HP-IL
1192:SATAe
1177:ESCON
1150:HIPPI
982:NuBus
937:CAMAC
907:Q-Bus
902:SMBus
887:VAXBI
784:wired
654:(PDF)
628:(PDF)
621:(PDF)
346:60 μs
311:reset
252:or a
156:CAT-5
140:TO-92
119:(~800
54:wired
52:is a
2108:SENT
2103:MOST
2026:AFDX
1939:DNP3
1879:VSCP
1874:oBIX
1819:DALI
1703:PieP
1631:FINS
1596:DF-1
1559:BSAP
1554:AS-i
1465:AMBA
1403:MADI
1388:AES3
1249:MIDI
1202:NVMe
1198:AHCI
1160:SCSI
1145:DSSI
1120:ESDI
997:SBus
957:EISA
892:MBus
782:for
775:and
661:2020
636:2008
433:and
408:FPGA
393:bus
300:i.e.
286:and
273:i.e.
230:Dell
160:RJ11
138:, a
73:and
2114:VAN
2098:LIN
2056:FMS
1894:xPL
1889:xAP
1884:X10
1854:KNX
1849:FIP
1844:EIB
1839:EHS
1824:DSI
1646:HSE
1569:CIP
1469:AXI
1398:I²S
1352:USB
1337:D²B
1332:SPI
1327:I3C
1309:I²C
1244:HIL
1229:DCB
1200:or
1187:SSA
1170:SAS
1130:SMD
1125:IPI
1047:AGP
1037:PXI
1027:PCI
1022:UPA
1002:VLB
992:MCA
977:VPX
972:VXS
967:VXI
962:VME
947:LPC
917:ISA
356:CRC
183:USB
154:or
108:or
63:bus
2136::
1641:H1
1319:,
1315:,
695:,
609:^
578:.
511:.
505:.
481:.
398:.
348:.
315:μs
306:.
298:,
209:.
185:,
124:pF
112:.
86:IC
81:.
1532:e
1525:t
1518:v
1471:)
1467:(
1323:)
1311:(
765:e
758:t
751:v
663:.
638:.
603:.
589:.
564:.
543:.
522:.
491:.
20:)
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