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Most examples of
Universal Biloc were used for training. They received military serial numbers 1 to 10, painted in white, but later some were given civilian registrations. Between April 14 and May 25, 1935, military pilots Alexandru Cernescu, Mihail Pantazi, George Davidescu, Gheorghe Olteanu,
248:, with the forward fuselage covered with metal sheet. The standard aircraft had one or two open cockpits in tandem, each with an individual windscreen and the Universal Biloc had glass windows in the cockpit sides, to improve visibility below. Power was provided by a 97 kW (130 hp)
587:
Balotescu, Nicolae; Burlacu, Dumitru; Crăciun, Dumitru N.; Dăscălescu, Jean; Dediu, Dumitru; Gheorghiu, Constantin; Ionescu, Corneliu; Mocanu, Vasile; Nicolau, Constantin; Popescu-Rosetti, Ion; Prunariu, Dumitru; Tudose, Stelian; Ucrain, Constantin; Zărnescu, Gheorghe (1984).
224:(Red Devils, pilots were Petre Ivanovici, Mihail Pantazi and Maximilian "Max" Manolescu). They performed at numerous air shows in 1934-1937. It remained the most successful aerobatics aircraft built in Romania for a long time.
663:
143:. In a place of a forward cockpit, there was an additional fuel tank, giving it an endurance of 6 hours. In the late 1930s, it was converted to two-seater touring aircraft.
244:, with a fixed tail-skid landing gear trapezoidal, plywood skinned wings with rounded tips and fabric coveredailerons. The fuselage was a wooden framed, plywood covered semi-
131:, license — produced by the ICAR. There were three variants of the aircraft. The first was a long-distance single-seater sports aircraft, powered with 150 HP
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627:
232:
and back (23,000 km) in 149 hours 10 minutes of flight time. Endurance of these modified aircraft was increased from 3 to 8.5 h.
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Gheorghe
Jienescu and Anton Stengher flew three modified Universal Bilocs (YR-ACL, YR-AEL, YR-AEY) in a flight from Bucharest to
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During August–September 1936, the long-range
Universal (YR-MAI) was used by Marina Stirbey for a solo flight on the
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260:, driving a two-blade fixed-pitch propeller. In the aerobatics variant, the main landing gear had teardrop spats.
115:
The
Universal was designed in 1932, led by engineer Mihail Racoviță, and manufactured in 1934 in the factory of
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182:
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Following the success of the single-seaters, a small series of 10 two-seat trainers was built, also known as
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From 1934, three
Universal Acrobatics, painted red, were used in a famous Romanian prewar aerobatics team
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139:, giving it a maximum speed of 180 km/h. One such aircraft (YR-MAI) was built for Princess
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162:(YR-ACA, YR-ACB, YR-ACC). They had wing span increased to 12.9 m, and were powered by a
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7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 110 kW (150 hp)
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in-line engine in the
Universal Biloc, or 110 kW (148 hp)
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two seat monoplane trainer, touring and aerobatics aircraft.
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Trainer also used in long distance record-breaking flights.
181:(="two-seater"). This variant was powered by a 150 HP
664:Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR)
564:
Gugju, Ion; Iacobescu, Gheorghe; Ionescu, Ovidiu (1974).
217:-Bucharest route. Later, it was converted to two-seater.
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A further three aircraft were built in a single-seater
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180–195 km/h (112–121 mph, 97–105 kn)
455:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
121:Īntreprinderea de construcţii aeronautice româneşti
592:. Bucharest: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică.
111:ICAR Universal YR-CCI of prince Constantin Soutzo.
189:as the IAR 4GI. They were produced in 1935-1936.
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566:Romanian Aeronautical Constructions 1905-1974
278:aerobatic competition and training aircraft.
185:inline engine, manufactured under licence at
8:
272:standard utility / sport / trainer aircraft.
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641:
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578:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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240:The Universal was a low-wing cantilever
623:Photos and drawings at Ugolok Neba site
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427:160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
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15:
7:
597:Antoniu, Dan; Cicos, George (2007).
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166:radial engine under a NACA cowling.
599:Romanian aeronautical constructions
342:11.9 m (39 ft 1 in)
127:. It was modeled after the German
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392:(Gipsy Major built under license)
354:14.3 m (154 sq ft)
348:1.95 m (6 ft 5 in)
336:6.9 m (22 ft 8 in)
95:(I.C.A.R. Universal) was a 1930s
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24:
742:Single-engined tractor aircraft
1:
737:1930s Romanian sport aircraft
433:5,500 m (18,000 ft)
752:Aircraft first flown in 1934
388:or 97 kW (130 hp)
366:710 kg (1,565 lb)
360:465 kg (1,025 lb)
768:
671:
601:(2nd ed.). Vivaldi.
23:
18:
183:de Havilland Gipsy Major
160:ICAR Universal Acrobatic
150:ICAR Universal Acrobatic
590:Istoria Aviației Române
550:, accessdate 2013-12-21
538:, accessdate 2013-12-21
315:General characteristics
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103:Design and development
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548:Flight, 30 July 1936
374:Siemens-Halske Sh 14
256:radial engine, with
254:Siemens-Halske Sh 14
179:ICAR Universal Biloc
173:ICAR Universal Biloc
135:radial engine under
133:Siemens-Halske Sh 14
443:Related development
275:Universal Acrobatic
193:Operational service
129:Messerschmitt M.23b
628:Airclub of Romania
534:2013-12-24 at the
449:Messerschmitt M.23
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64:Primary user
747:Low-wing aircraft
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608:978-973-150-002-7
502:magazine website"
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504:. Archived from
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461:Miles Hawk Major
431:Service ceiling:
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38:Type of aircraft
36:Trainer aircraft
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281:Universal Biloc
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19:ICAR Universal
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419:Maximum speed:
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141:Marina Stirbey
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508:on 2016-03-03
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510:. Retrieved
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258:NACA cowling
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222:Dracii Roșii
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137:NACA cowling
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81:Number built
686:ICAR-Turing
529:YR Register
465:Klemm Kl 25
412:Performance
404:Propellers:
370:Powerplant:
236:Description
731:Categories
711:ICAR F-10G
706:ICAR Fi156
701:ICAR M23bH
512:2008-04-14
352:Wing area:
211:Copenhagen
156:aerobatics
75:1934-1936
696:ICAR M23b
574:cite book
568:. Brasov.
340:Wingspan:
328:Capacity:
289:Operators
269:Universal
246:monocoque
242:monoplane
230:Cape Town
199:Bucharest
158:variant,
125:Bucharest
72:Produced
716:ICAR 1-2
666:aircraft
532:Archived
438:See also
406:2-bladed
264:Variants
207:Helsinki
97:Romanian
67:Romania
500:Aviatia
390:IAR 4GI
346:Height:
334:Length:
303:Romania
250:IAR 4GI
203:Tallinn
605:
300:
215:Berlin
187:Braşov
164:Sh.14a
477:Notes
322:Crew:
123:) in
33:Role
603:ISBN
580:link
372:1 ×
117:ICAR
91:The
58:1934
48:ICAR
85:14
733::
576:}}
572:{{
521:^
485:^
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119:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
