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The line printer could print 600 lines of 120 characters per minute. It used a print barrel made up of 120 print wheels each with 50 characters around its edge. Each of the 120 print positions had a print hammer which when fired squeezed the paper and an inked ribbon between itself and the rotating
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TM4 tape decks, running at 75 inches per second for a throughput of 22,500 digits per second, could be connected. Spools could hold up to 3,600 feet (1,100 m) of tape and were of the three-prong design common at the time for professional audio recorders rather than the later industry standard
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Each digit was represented by two flux-reversal portions on the tape. The length of these segments determined the value of each digit. This meant that tape capacity was somewhat data dependent. The offcuts from damaged tape were compatible with the then normal audio tape recorders so there was a
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The ICT 1300 was identical to the 1301 in every way except that its card reader was limited to 300 cards per minute and its line printer was limited to 300 lines per minute. It tended to be sold with less core storage and drum storage and without magnetic tape. A drum with only a quarter of the
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The "High Speed" magnetic tape system (called tape type 1) used one-inch-wide (25.4 mm) magnetic tape running at 150 inches per second, with sixteen tracks at a density of 300 bits per inch. Eight of the tracks held data, with check data on the other eight, allowing single-bit errors to be
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The standard magnetic tape system (called tape type 3) used half-inch-wide (12.7 mm) magnetic tape with ten tracks at a density of 300 bits per inch. Four of the tracks held data, four more tracks held the inverse of the data and there was a
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corrected and double-bit errors to be detected. Up to eight tape decks could be connected, giving a throughput of 90,000 digits per second. Spools could hold up to 3,600 feet (1,100 m) of tape and were of three-prong design.
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was pure decimal and the arithmetic unit had no binary mode, only decimal or pounds, shillings and pence. The London
University machine was restored to working condition by a group of enthusiasts completing their task in 2012.
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fashion—the 48-bit words were processed sequentially four bits at a time. A simple addition took 21 clock cycles; hardware multiplication averaged 170 clock cycles per digit; and division was performed in software.
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There was also a system based on quarter-inch magnetic tape. This had a single write head and two read heads. The read heads were identical but each read from half of the width of the tape.
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Over 200 computers in the range were delivered, making it the best selling second generation
British computer. Had the development been faster, it would have had more commercial potential.
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Towards the end of the life of the 1301, a single ICT standard interface could be added to allow data to be written to the by-then industry-standard magnetic tape.
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The ICT 1302 was a larger version of the 1301 with the new ICT standard interface for connecting peripheral devices (the standard interface was later used on the
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The card reader could read 600 standard punched cards per minute, each with a capacity of up to 80 characters. The card punch could punch 100 cards per minute.
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The computer was announced in May 1960, though development had started much earlier. The first customer delivery was in 1962, a 1301 sold to the
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site formed in 1956. CDL was taken over by ICT, but the 1301 was built at the GEC site as ICT lacked the manufacturing capability at that time.
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A typical 1301 requires 700 square feet (65 square metres) of floor space and weighs about 5.5 short tons (5.0 t). It consumes about 13
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YouTube video "Galdor
Computing and the ICT1301" 26 minute description of machine and its adventures 1962 to 2015, by Stuart Fyfe 2021
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for both groups of four. This allowed single-bit errors to be corrected and double-bit errors to be detected. Up to eight
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print barrel for a fraction of a second. It is reputed to be the first commercially produced barrel printer.
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A drum could record 12,000 words of data. It also had 400 words of 'reserved' storage where the computer's
244:(then called Initial Orders) was stored. Up to 8 drums could be attached. Average access time was 5.7 ms.
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One or two paper-tape readers could be connected, each with a speed of 1,000 characters per second.
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Polish educational film (1967) about the basics of computer operation with ICT 1300 used as a prop
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329:, England. The computer had originally been used for computing exam results for students at the
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Very few ICT 1301 computers remain in existence around the world, and of them, none is working.
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344:, New Zealand. This computer — the first in the city of Dunedin — was originally used by the
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read/write heads fitted was commonly used, giving 3,000 words of 48 bits as backing storage.
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Backing store was magnetic drum and optionally one-inch-, half-inch- or quarter-inch-wide
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There is a third machine named Arthur located in
Cumbria, UK. The machine belongs to the
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200:. One of their main attractions was that they performed British currency calculations (
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87:. Input was from 80-column punched cards and optionally 160-column punched cards and
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80:. The maximum size was 4,000 words. It was the first ICT machine to use core memory.
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422:"ICL Company Research and Development Part 2: Mergers and Mainframes, 1959-1968"
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A second ICT 1301, which is close to operating condition, is on display at the
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204:) in hardware. They also had the advantage of programmers not having to learn
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333:. It is hoped that this will eventually be restored to operating condition.
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44:, but they were unusual in that they were based on decimal logic instead of
321:"Flossie" is the nickname given to an ICT 1301 (as of 2013) in storage at
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This is "Flossie" the original machine sold to London
University.
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76:(12 decimal digits or 12 four-bit binary values, 0-15) plus two
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A paper-tape punch of 300 characters per second was available.
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joint subsidiary, Computer
Developments Limited (CDL) at GEC's
73:
375:"Last operating ICT 1301 mainframe computer set to run again"
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confectionery factory for calculating invoices and payroll.
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and although nearly complete, is not in working condition.
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458:"Flossie restored: Early computer back to life in Kent"
32:. Typical of mid-sized machines of the era, they used
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286:was available, though very few machines had these.
564:YouTube video of computer running a demonstration
64:The 1301 was the main machine in the line. Its
523:, 8 September 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
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517:Dunedin's first computer cutting-edge in '63
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91:. Output was to 80-column punched cards,
483:. Oxford University Press. p. 227.
396:. Oxford University Press. p. 200.
122:. The electronics consist of over 4,000
95:, and optionally to punched paper tape.
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1291:Computer-related introductions in 1962
566:Video of "Flossie" as she was in 2007.
163:Integrated circuits were not available
30:International Computers and Tabulators
481:ICL: A Business and Technical History
394:ICL: A Business and Technical History
7:
369:
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185:The 1301 was designed by an ICT and
161:operated when buttons were pressed.
420:Campbell-Kelly, Martin (May 1988).
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353:Time-Line Computer Archive museum
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669:English Electric System 4 series
323:The National Museum of Computing
616:International Computers Limited
479:Campbell-Kelly, Martin (1989).
392:Campbell-Kelly, Martin (1989).
314:Existing and restored ICT 1301s
60:Example ICT 1301 Installation.
1:
575:3D Simulation of the ICT 1301
553:ICT 1301 resurrection project
106:(ALU) operated on data in a
460:. BBC News. 22 October 2012
338:Toitū Otago Settlers Museum
202:pounds, shillings and pence
20:and its smaller derivative
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534:Time-Line Computer Archive
177:An ICT 1301 being used at
165:commercially at the time.
120:three-phase electric power
68:came in increments of 400
504:Flossie 1301 Project home
273:great deal of recycling.
1276:Transistorized computers
570:Pictures of the ICT 1301
133:(mainly OA5), germanium
1286:Early British computers
1271:ICL mainframe computers
506:Accessed 12 August 2017
262:expanding-hub design.
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124:printed circuit boards
102:of 1 MHz and its
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1162:Programming languages
429:ICL Technical Journal
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104:arithmetic logic unit
98:The machine ran at a
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331:University of London
198:University of London
179:Skandinaviska banken
153:, and a handful of
24:were early business
212:arithmetic as the
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181:, Gothenburg 1962.
89:punched paper tape
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1281:Decimal computers
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1235:ApplicationMaster
1070:Operating systems
521:Otago Daily Times
435:(1). ICL: 175–179
242:bootstrap program
155:thermionic valves
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1060:One Per Desk
983:Workstations
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624:Predecessor
538:Simon Maltby
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462:. Retrieved
437:. Retrieved
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379:newatlas.com
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38:drum storage
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1250:DAP FORTRAN
702:System 4/75
697:System 4/72
692:System 4/70
687:System 4/50
682:System 4/30
677:System 4/10
649:Elliott 803
439:20 December
284:teleprinter
224:Peripherals
135:transistors
100:clock speed
78:parity bits
66:main memory
52:Description
34:core memory
1265:Categories
968:System Ten
626:mainframes
464:24 October
359:References
282:An online
255:parity bit
147:capacitors
1127:Executive
1107:superNova
973:System 25
151:inductors
143:resistors
141:GET872),
128:germanium
26:computers
1171:category
1152:MultiJob
1079:category
1050:DRS 6000
1045:DRS 3000
992:category
940:category
921:Level 80
916:Level 60
911:Level 50
906:Level 30
644:ICT 1501
639:ICT 1301
302:ICT 1302
293:ICT 1300
248:Optional
229:Standard
191:Coventry
137:(mainly
22:ICT 1300
18:ICT 1301
1184:Fortran
1142:MINIMOP
1137:MAXIMOP
1087:OpenVME
1040:DRS 500
1035:DRS 400
1030:DRS 300
1025:DRS 200
1020:DRS 100
346:Cadbury
342:Dunedin
169:History
139:Mullard
1215:Pascal
1132:GEORGE
1015:DRS 20
487:
400:
206:binary
159:relays
131:diodes
72:of 48
46:binary
1200:COBOL
1189:ALGOL
1102:VME/K
1097:VME/B
800:1907F
797:1907E
791:1906S
788:1906F
785:1906E
782:1906A
776:1905F
773:1905E
767:1904S
764:1904F
761:1904E
758:1904A
752:1903T
749:1903S
746:1903A
740:1902T
737:1902S
734:1902A
728:1901T
725:1901S
722:1901A
634:LEO I
425:(PDF)
259:Ampex
210:octal
70:words
28:from
1205:JEAN
1195:SOBS
1179:PLAN
1055:PERQ
1010:7561
1005:7503
1000:7502
963:ME29
958:2905
953:2904
948:2903
878:CAFS
873:2988
868:2982
863:2980
858:2976
853:2972
848:2970
843:2966
838:2960
833:2956
828:2955
823:2950
806:1909
803:1908
794:1907
779:1906
770:1905
755:1904
743:1903
731:1902
719:1901
659:KDF9
654:KDF8
485:ISBN
466:2012
441:2021
398:ISBN
74:bits
40:and
16:The
1245:RPG
1230:SFL
1225:SCL
1122:TME
1117:DME
1112:CME
1092:VME
888:OCP
883:DAP
536:",
519:",
340:in
325:at
310:).
208:or
187:GEC
118:of
116:kVA
1267::
1220:S3
1191:60
449:^
431:.
427:.
412:^
377:.
366:^
149:,
145:,
48:.
36:,
1210:C
1147:J
608:e
601:t
594:v
532:"
515:"
493:.
468:.
443:.
433:6
406:.
381:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
