3255:
4074:
1032:
4062:
126:
4056:
588:, an unofficial group, with support from the Skycorp company and SpaceRef Interactive. On 2 July 2014, they fired the thrusters for the first time since 1987. However, later firings of the thrusters failed, apparently due to a lack of nitrogen pressure in the fuel tanks. The project team initiated an alternative plan to use the spacecraft to "collect scientific data and send it back to Earth", but on 16 September 2014, contact with the probe was lost.
3929:
605:
1107:
4068:
597:
2127:
2076:
1664:
1609:
1577:
1256:
1228:
1180:
1143:
898:, which was expected to cover the costs of writing the software to communicate with the probe, searching through the NASA archives for the information needed to control the spacecraft, and buying time on the dish antennas. The project then set a "stretch goal" of US$ 150,000, which it also met with a final total of US$ 159,502 raised.
651:, 235 Earth radii above the surface (about 1,500,000 km (930,000 mi). It was the first artificial object placed at a so-called "libration point", entering orbit there on 20 November 1978, proving that such a suspension between gravitational fields was possible. It rotates at 19.76 rpm about an axis perpendicular to the
40:
973:
DSS-24 antenna achieved synchronous communication and obtained the four ranging points needed to refine the spacecraft's orbital parameters. The project team received approval from NASA to continue operations through at least 16 July 2014, and made plans to attempt the orbital maneuver in early July.
1048:
ICE carries 13 scientific instruments to measure plasmas, energetic particles, waves, and fields. As of July 2014, five were known to be functional. It does not carry a camera or imaging system. Its detectors measure high-energy particles such as X- and gamma-rays, solar wind, plasma and cosmic
1018:
On 25 September 2014, the Reboot team announced that contact with the probe was lost on 16 September 2014. It is unknown whether contact can be reestablished because the probe's exact orbit is uncertain. The spacecraft's post-lunar flyby orbit takes it further from the Sun, causing electrical power
886:
In April 2014, its members formally announced their intentions to "recapture" the spacecraft for use, calling the effort the ISEE-3 Reboot
Project. A team webpage said, "We intend to contact the ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer) spacecraft, command it to fire its engine and enter an orbit
922:
equipment necessary to transmit signals to the spacecraft had been decommissioned in 1999 and was too expensive to replace. However, project members were able to find documentation for the original equipment and were able to simulate the complex modulator/demodulator electronics using modern
1039:
The ICE spacecraft is a barrel-like cylindrical shape covered by solar panels. Four long antennas protrude equidistant around the circumference of the spacecraft, spanning 91 m (299 ft). It has a dry mass of 390 kg (860 lb) and can generate nominal power of 173 watts.
613:
833:
comet encounter. The bit rate then successively dropped to 512 bit/s (on 9 December 1985), 256 bit/s (on 5 January 1987), 128 bit/s (on 24 January 1989) and finally to 64 bit/s (on 27 December 1991). Though still in space, NASA donated the craft to the
992:
would gather data as the spacecraft flies by the Moon on 10 August 2014 and enters a heliocentric orbit similar to Earth's. The team began shutting down propulsion components to maximize the electrical power available for the science experiments.
3301:
996:
On 30 July 2014, the team announced that it still planned to acquire data from as much of ISEE-3's 300-day orbit as possible. With five of the 13 instruments on the spacecraft still working, the science possibilities included listening for
882:
Sometime after NASA's interest in the ICE waned others realized that the spacecraft might be steered to pass close to another comet. A team of engineers, programmers, and scientists began to study the feasibility and challenges involved.
684:
After completing its original mission, ISEE-3 was re-tasked to study the interaction between the solar wind and a cometary atmosphere. On 10 June 1982, the spacecraft performed a maneuver which removed it from its halo orbit around the
708:. Its last and closest pass over the Moon, on 22 December 1983, was only 119.4 km (74.2 mi) above the lunar surface; following this pass, the spacecraft was re-designated as the International Cometary Explorer (ICE).
1005:
can be valuable. The team was also recruiting additional receiving sites around the globe to improve diurnal coverage, in order to upload additional commands while the spacecraft is close to Earth and later to receive data.
869:
after discovering that it had not been powered off after the 1999 contact. A status check revealed that 12 of its 13 experiments were still functioning, and it still had enough propellant for 150 m/s (490 ft/s) of
901:
The project members were working on deadline: if they got the spacecraft to change its orbit by late May or early June 2014, or in early July by using more fuel, it could use the Moon's gravity to get back into a useful
3779:
3103:
617:
977:
On 2 July 2014, the reboot project fired the thrusters for the first time since 1987. They spun up the spacecraft to its nominal roll rate, in preparation for the upcoming trajectory correction maneuver in mid-July.
828:
On 5 May 1997, NASA ended the ICE mission, leaving only a carrier signal operating. The ISEE-3/ICE downlink bit rate was nominally 2048 bits per second during the early part of the mission, and 1024 bit/s during the
620:
619:
615:
614:
1009:
On 10 August 2014 at 18:16 UTC, the spacecraft passed about 15,600 km (9,700 mi) from the surface of the Moon. It will continue in its heliocentric orbit and will return to the vicinity of Earth in 2031.
621:
1049:
particles. A data handling system gathers the scientific and engineering data from all systems in the spacecraft and formats them into a serial stream for transmission. The transmitter output power is five watts.
2057:
4462:
874:. It was determined to be possible to reactivate the spacecraft in 2014, when it again made a close approach to Earth, and scientists discussed reusing the probe to observe more comets in 2017 or 2018.
3286:
618:
5957:
958:
with the ISEE-3 Reboot
Project. "This is the first time NASA has worked such an agreement for use of a spacecraft the agency is no longer using or ever planned to use again", officials said.
887:
near Earth, and then resume its original mission... If we are successful we intend to facilitate the sharing and interpretation of all of the new data ISEE-3 sends back via crowd-sourcing".
3296:
954:
Although NASA was not funding the project, it made advisors available and gave approval to try to establish contact. On 21 May 2014, NASA announced that it had signed a Non-Reimbursable
3998:
3993:
2108:
3694:
3276:
3043:
3018:
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3239:
2182:
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on 19 May 2014. Once they gained control of the spacecraft, the capture team planned to shift the primary ground station to the 21 m (69 ft) dish located at
3763:
3096:
5649:
3821:
3198:
665:
to examine in detail the structure of the solar wind near the Earth and the shock wave that forms the interface between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere;
3965:
3254:
2061:
988:
On 24 July 2014, the ISEE-3 Reboot Team announced that all attempts to change orbit using the ISEE-3 propulsion system had failed. Instead, the team said, the
1974:
4486:
3291:
2476:
1428:
970:
1756:
3608:
3603:
3191:
616:
3225:
931:
project. They obtained the needed hardware, an off-the-shelf SDR transceiver, and power amplifier, and installed it on the 305 m (1,001 ft)
2094:
1297:
3367:
4656:
4707:
4548:
4518:
4380:
3904:
3205:
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1399:
288:
1373:
5982:
5926:
3462:
3074:
2963:
2935:
2322:
704:. Fifteen propulsive maneuvers and five lunar gravity assists resulted in the spacecraft being ejected from the Earth-Moon system and into a
2432:
1165:
5972:
2930:
540:
1023:, from which it may be impossible to awaken without the precise orbital location information needed to point transmissions at the craft.
5670:
2956:
1881:
1492:
2112:
1782:
1733:
5642:
4843:
3771:
3478:
3088:
2840:
2494:
284:
3428:
4700:
3974:
3958:
3053:
1560:
1211:
1350:
2231:
2186:
966:
On 29 May 2014, the reboot team successfully commanded the probe to switch into
Engineering Mode to begin to broadcast telemetry.
4323:
4240:
2008:
5688:
4553:
4493:
3110:
2970:
2469:
1019:
available from its solar arrays to drop, and its battery failed in 1981. Reduced power could have caused the craft to enter a
5952:
5724:
5678:
4442:
3446:
3438:
3152:
3137:
3060:
3023:
2942:
1809:
1716:
820:
probe. By May 1995, ICE was being operated under a low-duty cycle, with some data-analysis support from the
Ulysses project.
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4073:
5635:
5024:
4619:
3407:
3387:
3142:
3081:
2913:
2845:
499:
5947:
5880:
3951:
3932:
3747:
3541:
3360:
3232:
3218:
3038:
2890:
1866:
2246:
1921:
1274:
5962:
5921:
5739:
2908:
2880:
2810:
2785:
915:
4925:
1952:"Phil Karn on the reboot of the 1978 International Sun/Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) / (International Cometary Explorer)"
861:
In 1999, NASA made brief contact with ICE to verify its carrier signal. On 18 September 2008, NASA, with the help of
736:
in late March 1986, when other spacecraft were near the comet on their early-March comet rendezvous missions. (This "
2145:
5977:
5967:
3857:
3852:
3613:
3486:
2885:
2462:
262:
1978:
4523:
4179:
2875:
1462:
936:
548:
1436:
830:
575:
91:
5255:
4558:
4318:
4115:
3826:
3391:
2985:
1851:
1547:
1198:
298:
134:
113:
5039:
1031:
675:
to continue the investigation of cosmic rays and solar flare emissions in the interplanetary region near 1 AU.
5900:
5773:
4663:
4641:
4578:
4105:
3353:
2030:
1936:
919:
866:
835:
4061:
5885:
5788:
4838:
4651:
4189:
3679:
3531:
3010:
2444:
1631:
1305:
1020:
924:
690:
1594:
1534:
The ground stations listening to ISEE-3 have not been able to obtain a signal since the 16 September 2014
724:
of the comet nucleus at a distance of 7,800 km (4,800 mi) of the nucleus on 11 September 1985.
119:
5714:
5662:
5074:
4533:
4349:
4204:
3704:
809:
662:
to investigate solar-terrestrial relationships at the outermost boundaries of the Earth's magnetosphere;
544:
3714:
1555:. The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, D.C.: NASA History Program Office. p. 2.
1206:. The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, D.C.: NASA History Program Office. p. 2.
5230:
2208:
5693:
5658:
5571:
5451:
5436:
5431:
5384:
4828:
4634:
4624:
4455:
4435:
4374:
4263:
4235:
4209:
4199:
3724:
3570:
3551:
2384:
2341:
2310:
1686:
817:
717:
203:
5416:
4095:
3578:
5833:
5734:
4739:
4728:
4724:
4528:
4474:
4468:
4448:
4428:
4302:
4152:
4142:
4042:
3563:
2287:
955:
932:
749:
741:
721:
385:
5612:
Payloads are separated by bullets ( Ā· ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
5400:
5272:
5266:
5225:
5101:
5095:
4905:
4055:
3943:
1073:
Low Energy Proton
Experiment, also known as the Energetic Particle Anisotropy Spectrometer (EPAS);
655:, to keep it oriented for its experiments, to generate solar power and to communicate with Earth.
581:
NASA suspended routine contact with ISEE-3 in 1997 and made brief status checks in 1999 and 2008.
5895:
5756:
5683:
5601:
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5591:
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5581:
5576:
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5491:
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5426:
5394:
5379:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5319:
5314:
5299:
5284:
5245:
5235:
5210:
5200:
5178:
5156:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5049:
5044:
5034:
5019:
5004:
4989:
4588:
4568:
4422:
3909:
3669:
3470:
3454:
3186:
3174:
2925:
2408:
2359:
2261:
1173:
1112:
944:
842:
705:
524:
358:
5205:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4950:
4935:
4930:
4910:
4893:
4878:
4868:
4858:
4848:
4833:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4751:
2992:
2426:
5441:
3689:
3536:
5854:
5812:
5698:
5541:
5536:
5421:
5411:
5240:
5161:
5151:
5029:
5009:
4963:
4956:
4945:
4940:
4888:
4863:
4646:
4405:
4225:
4034:
3510:
3281:
3212:
2870:
2865:
2755:
2745:
2670:
2485:
2400:
2318:
1951:
1712:
1566:
1556:
1217:
1207:
491:
95:
5627:
5466:
5309:
1128:
5905:
5749:
5014:
4994:
4853:
4756:
4609:
2595:
2575:
2565:
2392:
2349:
2058:"NASA Signs Agreement with Citizen Scientists Attempting to Communicate with Old Spacecraft"
1898:
1786:
1741:
1702:
1694:
1521:
1327:
981:
On 8 July 2014, a longer sequence of thruster firings failed, apparently due to loss of the
630:
5561:
4873:
3423:
5783:
5778:
4614:
4132:
3867:
2540:
1654:
1246:
998:
2388:
2345:
2314:
1690:
629:
ISEE-3 carries no cameras; instead, its instruments measure energetic particles, waves,
125:
5859:
5849:
5805:
5800:
4692:
4583:
4297:
4230:
4184:
694:
648:
641:
625:
Top-down view of the orbit of ICE relative to the inner Solar System in and after 2009.
567:
395:
82:
69:
5941:
5875:
5793:
5729:
4604:
4513:
4137:
3862:
3598:
3494:
2334:"Descriptions of Experimental Investigations and Instruments for the ISEE Spacecraft"
2131:
2080:
1668:
1613:
1581:
1260:
1232:
1184:
1147:
737:
190:
2412:
2363:
776: mi). For comparison, Earth's minimum distance to Comet Halley in 1910 was 20.8
720:. On 11 September 1985, the craft passed through the comet's plasma tail. ICE did a
604:
5890:
5766:
5761:
4563:
4543:
4538:
4399:
4127:
4015:
3978:
1002:
891:
745:
733:
669:
584:
On 29 May 2014, two-way communication with the spacecraft was reestablished by the
535:, built for the International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE) program, a joint effort by
229:
1.77 Ć 1.58 m (5 ft 10 in Ć 5 ft 2 in)
4100:
1813:
2396:
5744:
5289:
5195:
4999:
4683:
Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. indicates mission failures.
3699:
2855:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2585:
2580:
805:
701:
578:
within about 7,800 km (4,800 mi) of the nucleus on 11 September 1985.
504:
1757:"Privateers race to capture forgotten NASA space probe using crowdsourced cash"
5324:
5250:
5215:
4823:
4354:
4022:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
1698:
1275:"Spaceship come home: can citizen scientists rescue an abandoned space probe?"
1102:
903:
850:
813:
756:.) ICE flew through the tail; its minimum distance to the comet nucleus was 28
637:
559:
552:
272:
2371:
von
Rosenvinge, Tycho T.; Brandt, John C.; Farquhar, Robert W. (April 1986).
5304:
5294:
4915:
4393:
4387:
4344:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4174:
4028:
3883:
3847:
3795:
3674:
3415:
2765:
2354:
2333:
2262:"Rudderless Craft to Get Glimpse of Home Before Sinking Into Space's Depths"
1836:
1707:
1681:
Murdin, Paul, ed. (November 2000). "International
Cometary Explorer (ICE)".
928:
895:
3336:
Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned
2404:
716:
Its new orbit put it ahead of the Earth on a trajectory to intercept comet
4067:
5531:
5406:
5374:
5278:
5189:
5167:
5054:
4899:
4883:
4762:
4339:
4258:
4147:
3914:
3157:
3147:
2730:
2695:
982:
940:
846:
753:
652:
527:. It was one of three spacecraft, along with the mother/daughter pair of
804:
An update to the ICE mission was approved by NASA in 1991. It defines a
596:
5556:
5389:
4920:
4670:
4480:
4194:
4110:
3816:
3787:
3755:
3684:
3662:
3558:
3546:
3345:
3164:
2978:
2373:"The International Cometary Explorer Mission to Comet Giacobini-Zinner"
948:
871:
1937:"ICE/ISEE-3 to return to an Earth no longer capable of speaking to it"
1783:"International Sun-Earth Explorer 3 - International Cometary Explorer"
17:
5220:
5183:
5173:
4573:
4162:
4157:
3731:
3709:
3588:
3583:
3502:
3067:
2949:
2860:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2448:
862:
693:. This involved a series of passages between Earth and the Sun-Earth
532:
528:
5620:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
2454:
2372:
5719:
4629:
4120:
3982:
3888:
3719:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3179:
3169:
3048:
3028:
2640:
2590:
2555:
1570:
1221:
1030:
611:
603:
595:
571:
375:
365:
79:
39:
2438:
2130:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2079:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2034:
1667:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1612:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1580:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1259:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1231:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1183:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1146:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3842:
2999:
1882:"Space Thief Or Hero? One Man's Quest To Reawaken An Old Friend"
536:
238:
106:
5631:
4696:
3947:
3349:
2458:
2031:"ISEE-3 Reboot Project by Space College, Skycorp, and SpaceRef"
3376:
2232:"Announcing the ISEE-3 Interplanetary Citizen Science Mission"
1549:
Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space
Exploration, 1958ā2016
1200:
Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space
Exploration, 1958ā2016
75:
2109:"Citizen Scientists Successfully Communicate with Spacecraft"
2009:"ISEE-3 Reboot Project Status and Schedule for First Contact"
592:
Original mission: International Sun/Earth
Explorer 3 (ISEE-3)
2332:
Ogilvie, K. W.; Durney, A.; von Rosenvinge, T. (July 1978).
1660:(Report). NASA. pp. 241ā242. TDA Progress Report 42-87.
1252:(Report). NASA. pp. 241ā242. TDA Progress Report 42-87.
1088:
Solar Wind Plasma Experiment, failed after 26 February 1980;
2095:"After Decades Of Silent Wandering, NASA Probe Phones Home"
1653:
Stelzried, C.; Efron, L.; Ellis, J. (JulyāSeptember 1986).
1245:
Stelzried, C.; Efron, L.; Ellis, J. (JulyāSeptember 1986).
2247:"Vintage NASA Spacecraft to Tackle Interplanetary Science"
1374:"Citizen-scientists look to reboot 35-year-old spacecraft"
1035:
The ISEE-3 (later ICE), undergoing testing and evaluation.
812:
in coordination with ground-based observations, continued
668:
to investigate motions of and mechanisms operating in the
523:(ISEE-3) satellite, was launched on 12 August 1978 into a
2169:"ISEE-3 Status 27 June 2014: Another DSN Ranging Success"
1351:"ISEE-3 spacecraft makes first Earth contact in 16 years"
570:. Renamed ICE, it became the first spacecraft to visit a
1632:"ISEE-3 / ICE (International Cometary Explorer) mission"
1400:"Calling Back a Zombie Ship From the Graveyard of Space"
3999:
List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces
3994:
List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1001:, where observations from additional locations in the
380:
1.03 AU (154,000,000 km; 96,000,000 mi)
370:
0.93 AU (139,000,000 km; 86,000,000 mi)
2305:
Birmingham, Thomas J.; Dessler, Alexander J. (1998).
1901:. Here & Now. National Public Radio. 27 June 2014
1975:"The ISEE-3 Reboot Project: a dream SDR application"
1867:"ISEE-3 Reboot Project Completes Crowdfunding Drive"
5868:
5842:
5821:
5707:
5669:
4597:
4504:
4415:
4367:
4332:
4311:
4251:
4218:
4088:
4081:
4007:
3897:
3876:
3835:
3809:
3740:
3524:
3400:
3269:
3262:
3120:
3009:
2899:
2508:
2501:
1922:"ISEE-3 Reboot Project Technical Update 1 May 2014"
927:(SDR) techniques and open-source programs from the
412:
394:
384:
374:
364:
354:
349:
333:
325:
320:
304:
294:
280:
268:
257:
252:
233:
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217:
209:
199:
189:
181:
173:
168:
146:
133:
112:
102:
65:
49:
5958:Artificial satellites at Earth-Sun Lagrange points
3121:
2447:, an interactive site created in cooperation with
558:ISEE-3 was the first spacecraft to be placed in a
2146:"ISEE-3 Status 26 June 2014: DSN Ranging Success"
1626:
1624:
1622:
1493:"Space Probe Might Lack Nitrogen to Push It Home"
1422:
1420:
808:mission for ICE consisting of investigations of
3125:
1486:
1484:
1456:
1454:
1393:
1391:
680:Second mission: International Cometary Explorer
519:(ICE) spacecraft, designed and launched as the
3129:
2900:
5643:
5616:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
4708:
3959:
3361:
2470:
2183:"ISEE-3 Propulsion System Awakens at 11 Hour"
990:ISEE-3 Interplanetary Citizen Science Mission
943:. The 20 m (66 ft) dish antenna in
8:
32:
2338:IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics
1893:
1891:
1852:"ISEE-3 Reboot Project Passes Funding Goal"
1429:"Distributed Rocket Science is a Thing Now"
971:Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex
969:On 26 June 2014, project members using the
574:, passing through the plasma tail of comet
5650:
5636:
5628:
4715:
4701:
4693:
4085:
3966:
3952:
3944:
3368:
3354:
3346:
3266:
2505:
2477:
2463:
2455:
2056:Cole, Steve; Wingo, Dennis (21 May 2014).
1683:Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics
1298:"Can This 1970s Spacecraft Explore Again?"
1160:
1158:
1156:
409:
152:18 years, 8 months, 22 days
124:
31:
4483:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2026)
4396:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2025)
2353:
1706:
1131:. NASA's Solar System Exploration website
985:gas needed to pressurize the fuel tanks.
600:International Sun/Earth Explorer's orbits
2185:. SpaceNews. 3 July 2014. Archived from
2033:. RocketHub. 20 May 2014. Archived from
890:On 15 May 2014, the project reached its
156:36 years, 1 month, 3 days
1899:"A Retired Satellite Gets Back To Work"
1880:Greenfieldboyce, Nell (18 March 2014).
1812:. The Planetary Society. Archived from
1515:
1513:
1120:
853:of 0.93 AU and an inclination of 0.1Ā°.
1061:Ground Based Solar Studies Experiment;
841:By January 1990, ICE was in a 355-day
27:NASA satellite of the Explorer program
2060:(Press release). NASA. Archived from
1935:Lakdawalla, Emily (7 February 2014).
1064:Heavy Isotope Spectrometer Telescope;
547:to study the interaction between the
480:Ground-Based Solar Studies Experiment
7:
2451:to support the ISEE-3 Reboot Project
1808:Lakdawalla, Emily (3 October 2008).
1076:Medium Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment;
914:Earlier in 2014, officials with the
700:Lagrange point, through the Earth's
475:Heavy Isotope Spectrometer Telescope
4402:(multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028)
2111:. NASA. 30 May 2014. Archived from
1520:Cowing, Keith (25 September 2014).
435:Medium Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment
3748:Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer
3479:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
2495:List of Explorers Program missions
2245:Howell, Elizabeth (30 July 2014).
2209:"ISEE-3 Engines Fired For Spin-Up"
1067:High Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment;
1053:Scientific payload and experiments
732:ICE transited between the Sun and
658:The purposes of the mission were:
521:International Sun-Earth Explorer-3
55:International Sun-Earth Explorer-C
25:
3321:indicates active current missions
1070:Low Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment;
440:High Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
3928:
3927:
3253:
2435:by NASA Solar System Exploration
2260:Chang, Kenneth (8 August 2014).
2125:
2074:
1977:. Ettus Research. Archived from
1662:
1607:
1575:
1296:McKinnon, Mika (15 April 2014).
1254:
1226:
1178:
1141:
1105:
1094:X-Rays and Electrons Instrument.
1058:Cosmic Ray Electrons and Nuclei;
636:ISEE-3 originally operated in a
430:Low Energy Cosmic Ray Experiment
185:International Sun-Earth Explorer
38:
5829:International Cometary Explorer
5689:Fairchild Camera and Instrument
4170:International Cometary Explorer
3333:indicate missions yet to launch
2288:"What ISEE-3 Really Looks Like"
1835:Cowing, Keith (14 April 2014).
1755:Thomson, Iain (24 April 2014).
1427:McKinnon, Mika (10 July 2014).
1398:Chang, Kenneth (15 June 2014).
517:International Cometary Explorer
460:X-Rays and Electrons Instrument
455:Cosmic Ray Electrons and Nuclei
150:Launch to last routine contact:
33:International Cometary Explorer
5725:Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen
5679:American Satellite Corporation
4489:(spacecraft refueling concept)
2439:ISEE-3 Reboot Project homepage
2309:. American Geophysical Union.
2230:Cowing, Keith (24 July 2014).
2167:Cowing, Keith (27 June 2014).
2144:Cowing, Keith (26 June 2014).
1973:Seeber, Balint (7 July 2014).
1950:Karl Auerbach (20 July 2014).
1491:Chang, Kenneth (9 July 2014).
1461:Cowing, Keith (18 July 2014).
1273:Robertson, Adi (23 May 2014).
1079:Plasma Composition Experiment;
951:, would be a support station.
136:
1:
3388:List of heliophysics missions
2286:Cowing, Keith (7 June 2014).
2093:Neuman, Scott (29 May 2014).
2007:Cowing, Keith (15 May 2014).
1865:Cowing, Keith (23 May 2014).
1850:Cowing, Keith (15 May 2014).
1837:"ISEE-3 Reboot Project (IRP)"
500:Heat Capacity Mapping Mission
470:Plasma Composition Experiment
5983:Spacecraft using halo orbits
5927:Ranger/Fairchild aeroengines
5881:Fairchild-Hiller Corporation
4445:(multiple flybys, 2026ā2029)
3327:indicates cancelled missions
2397:10.1126/science.232.4748.353
2211:. Space College. 2 July 2014
1920:Wingo, Dennis (1 May 2014).
1349:Geuss, Megan (29 May 2014).
450:Low Energy Proton Experiment
420:Solar Wind Plasma Experiment
5973:Spacecraft launched in 1978
5740:Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen
1785:. About.com. Archived from
1091:Vector Helium Magnetometer;
916:Goddard Space Flight Center
213:479 kg (1,056 lb)
5999:
4471:(nuclear impactor concept)
3614:Orbiting Solar Observatory
3579:Intercosmos 26 (Koronas I)
3487:Solar Dynamics Observatory
1372:Matheson, Dan (May 2014).
712:Giacobini-Zinner encounter
425:Helium Vector Magnetometer
5914:
5610:
4747:
4679:
4642:Small Solar System bodies
4620:Colonization of asteroids
4524:Asteroid Redirect Mission
4052:
3989:
3923:
3383:
3314:
3251:
2492:
1954:. History of the Internet
1546:Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018).
1463:"Lost and Found in Space"
1330:Twitter.com. 25 June 2014
1197:Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018).
1085:Radio Mapping Experiment;
937:Morehead State University
689:point and placed it in a
488:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
408:
404:
345:
341:
316:
312:
248:
244:
221:390 kg (860 lb)
164:
160:
61:
37:
5801:Ranger/Fairchild Engines
5256:Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
3392:List of solar telescopes
2097:. National Public Radio.
1939:. The Planetary Society.
1884:. National Public Radio.
1634:. ESA eoPortal Directory
1522:"ISEE-3 is in Safe Mode"
1170:Solar System Exploration
939:Space Science Center of
865:, located ICE using the
465:Radio Mapping Experiment
299:Douglas Aircraft Company
5901:Fairchild Semiconductor
5774:Fairchild Aircraft Ltd.
4431:(flyby of Pallas, 2022)
4390:(multiple flybys, 2025)
2355:10.1109/TGE.1978.294535
1699:10.1888/0333750888/4650
1082:Plasma Wave Instrument;
920:NASA Deep Space Network
910:Replacing lost hardware
894:goal of US$ 125,000 on
867:NASA Deep Space Network
154:Launch to last contact:
5886:Hiller Aviation Museum
5789:Kreider-Reisner Midget
4652:Trans-Neptunian object
3532:Apollo Telescope Mount
2340:. GE-16 (3): 151ā153.
1172:. NASA. Archived from
1036:
925:software-defined radio
810:coronal mass ejections
626:
609:
601:
549:Earth's magnetic field
445:Plasma Wave Instrument
276:(Thor 633 / Delta 144)
261:12 August 1978, 15:12
5953:Derelict space probes
5715:Dornier Flugzeugwerke
5663:Fairchild Corporation
5075:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
3680:Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9
3537:Coronas F (Koronas F)
1655:Halley Comet Missions
1247:Halley Comet Missions
1034:
962:Contact reestablished
878:ISEE-3 Reboot Project
624:
607:
599:
586:ISEE-3 Reboot Project
355:Reference system
169:Spacecraft properties
5694:Fairchild Industries
5659:Fairchild Industries
4839:Fanhui Shi Weixing 4
4731:Orbital launches in
3377:Solar space missions
2445:A Spacecraft for All
1308:on 11 September 2015
933:Arecibo dish antenna
831:21P/GiacobiniāZinner
800:Heliospheric mission
204:Fairchild Industries
5948:1978 in spaceflight
5834:Fairchild Channel F
5735:Faint Object Camera
4487:World Is Not Enough
3975:Spacecraft missions
2441:at SpaceCollege.com
2389:1986Sci...232..353V
2346:1978ITGE...16..151.
2315:1998coen.book.....B
1816:on 20 February 2012
1691:2000eaa..bookE4650.
1469:. The Opinion Pages
1328:"We do NOT like..."
956:Space Act Agreement
366:Perihelion altitude
34:
5963:Missions to comets
5922:Fairchild Aircraft
5896:United Helicopters
5757:Fairchild Aircraft
5684:Fairchild Aircraft
4497:(flyby, 2030ā2042)
4494:Interstellar Probe
3571:Hinotori (Astro-A)
3471:Parker Solar Probe
2671:25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
2433:ISEE-3/ICE profile
2427:ISEE-3/ICE profile
2266:The New York Times
1497:The New York Times
1467:The New York Times
1439:on 8 December 2015
1404:The New York Times
1113:Spaceflight portal
1037:
945:Bochum Observatory
843:heliocentric orbit
836:Smithsonian Museum
706:heliocentric orbit
627:
610:
602:
525:heliocentric orbit
359:Heliocentric orbit
350:Orbital parameters
5978:Explorers Program
5968:NASA space probes
5935:
5934:
5855:Sherman Fairchild
5813:Republic Aviation
5699:Fairchild Stratos
5625:
5624:
4690:
4689:
4647:Near-Earth object
4477:(multiple flybys)
4406:Comet Interceptor
4363:
4362:
4039:(multiple flybys)
4019:(multiple flybys)
3941:
3940:
3343:
3342:
3310:
3309:
3249:
3248:
2756:42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
2486:Explorers Program
2383:(4748): 353ā356.
2324:978-1-118-66875-7
1027:Spacecraft design
816:studies, and the
622:
513:
512:
484:
483:
376:Aphelion altitude
337:16 September 2014
16:(Redirected from
5990:
5906:ON Semiconductor
5652:
5645:
5638:
5629:
4995:Intelsat IVA F-6
4757:Intelsat IVA F-3
4736:
4735:
4734:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4694:
4610:Asteroid capture
4377:(orbiter, 2024)
4281:Rover-1A / HIBOU
4086:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3945:
3931:
3930:
3802:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3732:Yohkoh (Solar-A)
3517:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3455:Hinode (Solar-B)
3451:
3443:
3435:
3432:
3420:
3412:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3347:
3326:
3320:
3267:
3257:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3182:
3160:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2916:
2902:
2506:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2416:
2367:
2357:
2328:
2307:Comet Encounters
2292:
2291:
2290:. Space College.
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2234:. Space College.
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2171:. Space College.
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2064:on 18 March 2015
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1924:. Space College.
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1869:. Space College.
1862:
1856:
1855:
1854:. Space College.
1847:
1841:
1840:
1839:. Space College.
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1740:. Archived from
1732:Reddy, Francis.
1729:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1708:2060/19920003890
1678:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1554:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1435:. Archived from
1424:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1304:. Archived from
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:on 10 June 2015.
1162:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
999:gamma-ray bursts
792:
791:
782:
781:
772:
771:
762:
761:
728:Halley encounter
718:Giacobini-Zinner
623:
576:Giacobini-Zinner
492:Explorer program
415:
410:
253:Start of mission
147:Mission duration
138:
129:
128:
122:
42:
35:
21:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5910:
5864:
5838:
5817:
5784:Kreider-Reisner
5779:Hiller Aircraft
5703:
5665:
5656:
5626:
5621:
5606:
5572:Gorizont No.11L
5385:Molniya-3 No.22
4829:Molniya-3 No.20
4743:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4691:
4686:
4675:
4615:Asteroid mining
4593:
4506:
4500:
4465:(sample return)
4459:(orbiter, 2025)
4425:(orbiter, 2021)
4411:
4359:
4328:
4307:
4247:
4214:
4096:CassiniāHuygens
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4050:
4003:
3985:
3972:
3942:
3937:
3919:
3893:
3872:
3868:Solar Sentinels
3831:
3805:
3800:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3736:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3396:
3379:
3374:
3344:
3339:
3324:
3318:
3306:
3258:
3245:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3180:
3158:
3116:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3005:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2914:
2895:
2497:
2488:
2483:
2429:by NASA HEASARC
2423:
2370:
2331:
2325:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2148:. Space College
2143:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2118:
2116:
2115:on 4 March 2016
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2011:. Space College
2006:
2005:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1981:on 1 March 2018
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1789:on 12 July 2014
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1744:on 7 June 2010.
1731:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1685:. IOP Science.
1680:
1679:
1675:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1576:
1563:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1527:
1525:
1524:. Space College
1519:
1518:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1295:
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1290:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1227:
1214:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1055:
1046:
1029:
1016:
964:
912:
880:
859:
857:Further contact
826:
802:
789:
787:
779:
777:
769:
767:
759:
757:
730:
714:
698:
688:
682:
645:
612:
594:
565:
509:
508:
502:
495:
413:
305:Entered service
275:
273:Thor-Delta 2914
182:Spacecraft type
155:
153:
151:
123:
118:
89:
86:
73:
56:
54:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5996:
5994:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5940:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5860:Stanley Hiller
5857:
5852:
5850:Claude Dornier
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5806:AUM-N-2 Petrel
5798:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
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5727:
5722:
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5709:
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5704:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5623:
5622:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5417:Interkosmos 18
5414:
5409:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5275:
5270:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4738:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4649:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4584:New Horizons 2
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4439:(flybys, 2024)
4432:
4426:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4298:NEAR Shoemaker
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4286:Rover-1B / OWL
4283:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4231:NEAR Shoemaker
4228:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4185:NEAR Shoemaker
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3556:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3421:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2951:85ā89 (THEMIS)
2947:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:52 (Hawkeye 1)
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2766:44 (Solrad 10)
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2422:
2421:External links
2419:
2418:
2417:
2368:
2329:
2323:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2252:
2237:
2222:
2200:
2189:on 7 July 2014
2174:
2159:
2136:
2100:
2085:
2048:
2037:on 20 May 2014
2022:
1992:
1965:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1887:
1872:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1800:
1781:Greene, Nick.
1773:
1747:
1724:
1717:
1673:
1645:
1618:
1586:
1573:. SP2018-4041.
1561:
1538:
1509:
1480:
1450:
1416:
1387:
1364:
1353:. Ars Technica
1341:
1319:
1288:
1265:
1237:
1224:. SP2018-4041.
1212:
1189:
1152:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1028:
1025:
1015:
1012:
963:
960:
911:
908:
879:
876:
858:
855:
849:of 1.03 AU, a
825:
824:End of mission
822:
801:
798:
786: km (12.9
729:
726:
713:
710:
696:
691:transfer orbit
686:
681:
678:
677:
676:
673:
666:
663:
649:Lagrange point
643:
633:, and fields.
593:
590:
568:Lagrange point
563:
511:
510:
503:
497:
496:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
477:
476:
472:
471:
467:
466:
462:
461:
457:
456:
452:
451:
447:
446:
442:
441:
437:
436:
432:
431:
427:
426:
422:
421:
417:
416:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
321:End of mission
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
308:12 August 1978
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
291:
285:Cape Canaveral
282:
278:
277:
270:
266:
265:
259:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
193:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
148:
144:
143:
140:
131:
130:
116:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
84:
70:Magnetospheric
67:
63:
62:
59:
58:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5995:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5876:Elbit Systems
5874:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5794:Meyers Midget
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5751:
5750:ZĆ¼ndapp Janus
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5730:Dornier Viper
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4726:
4718:
4713:
4711:
4706:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Asteroid belt
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:not developed
4505:Cancelled or
4503:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:(flyby, 2029)
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:Sample return
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:Halley Armada
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
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1810:"It's Alive!"
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1213:9781626830424
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738:Halley Armada
735:
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670:plasma sheets
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52:
48:
44:ICE satellite
41:
36:
30:
19:
5891:M7 Aerospace
5828:
5767:XSM-73 Goose
5762:SAM-N-2 Lark
5708:Subsidiaries
5671:Subsidiaries
5617:
5613:
5401:Ekran No.14L
5399:
5277:
5273:Molniya-1-41
5267:Ekran No.15L
5265:
5260:
5231:Gran' No.14L
5226:Molniya-1-41
5188:
5166:
5102:Molniya-1-40
5096:Ekran No.13L
5094:
4962:
4955:
4906:Molniya-1-39
4898:
4761:
4657:Colonization
4564:Hayabusa Mk2
4544:Comet Hopper
4539:Clementine 2
4492:
4454:
4434:
4400:MBR Explorer
4169:
4128:Deep Space 1
4043:
4035:
4016:New Horizons
4014:
3796:
3725:
3594:ICE / ISEE-3
3593:
3564:
3552:
3516:(since 1994)
3511:
3506:(since 2006)
3498:(since 2020)
3490:(since 2010)
3482:(since 1995)
3474:(since 2018)
3466:(since 2013)
3458:(since 2006)
3450:(since 2015)
3442:(since 2021)
3439:CHASE (Xihe)
3434:(since 2022)
3419:(since 2023)
3411:(since 1997)
3330:
3319:Green titles
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3165:82 (CHIPSat)
3109:
3102:
3095:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2850:
2746:40 (Injun 5)
2641:S-66A (BE-A)
2380:
2376:
2337:
2306:
2299:Publications
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2255:
2249:. Space.com.
2240:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:the original
2177:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2139:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2103:
2088:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:the original
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
1983:. Retrieved
1979:the original
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1945:
1930:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1875:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:the original
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1761:The Register
1760:
1750:
1742:the original
1737:
1727:
1682:
1676:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1599:. Retrieved
1589:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1526:. Retrieved
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1432:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:
1378:. Retrieved
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1301:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1268:
1240:
1199:
1192:
1174:the original
1169:
1166:"ISEE-3/ICE"
1133:. Retrieved
1129:"ISEE-3/ICE"
1123:
1047:
1038:
1017:
1014:Contact lost
1008:
1003:Solar System
995:
989:
987:
980:
976:
968:
965:
953:
913:
900:
892:crowdfunding
889:
885:
881:
860:
840:
827:
806:heliospheric
803:
793:
783:
773:
766: km (17
763:
746:Vega 1 and 2
734:Comet Halley
731:
715:
683:
657:
635:
628:
585:
583:
580:
557:
520:
516:
514:
490:
334:Last contact
200:Manufacturer
177:Explorer LIX
66:Mission type
29:
5745:Project 621
5602:Kosmos 1069
5597:Kosmos 1068
5592:Kosmos 1067
5587:Kosmos 1066
5582:Kosmos 1065
5577:Kosmos 1064
5567:Kosmos 1063
5552:Kosmos 1062
5547:Kosmos 1061
5527:Kosmos 1060
5522:Kosmos 1059
5517:Kosmos 1058
5512:Kosmos 1057
5507:Kosmos 1056
5502:Kosmos 1055
5497:Kosmos 1054
5492:Kosmos 1053
5487:Kosmos 1052
5482:Kosmos 1051
5477:Kosmos 1050
5472:Kosmos 1049
5462:Kosmos 1048
5457:Kosmos 1047
5447:Kosmos 1046
5427:Kosmos 1045
5395:Kosmos 1044
5380:Kosmos 1043
5370:Kosmos 1042
5365:Kosmos 1041
5360:Kosmos 1040
5355:Kosmos 1039
5350:Kosmos 1038
5345:Kosmos 1037
5340:Kosmos 1036
5335:Kosmos 1035
5330:Kosmos 1034
5320:Kosmos 1033
5315:Kosmos 1032
5300:Kosmos 1031
5290:Kosmos 1030
5285:Kosmos 1029
5246:Kosmos 1028
5236:Kosmos 1027
5211:Kosmos 1026
5201:Kosmos 1025
5196:Kosmos 1024
5179:Kosmos 1023
5157:Kosmos 1022
5147:Kosmos 1021
5142:Kosmos 1020
5137:Kosmos 1019
5132:Kosmos 1018
5127:Kosmos 1017
5122:Kosmos 1016
5117:Kosmos 1015
5112:Kosmos 1014
5107:Kosmos 1013
5090:Kosmos 1012
5085:Kosmos 1011
5080:Kosmos 1010
5070:Kosmos 1009
5065:Kosmos 1008
5060:Kosmos 1007
5050:Kosmos 1006
5045:Kosmos 1005
5035:Kosmos 1004
5020:Kosmos 1003
5005:Kosmos 1002
5000:Kosmos 1001
4990:Kosmos 1000
4635:Exploration
4559:Don Quijote
4319:Deep Impact
4116:Deep Impact
4023:OSIRIS-APEX
3710:Spartan 201
3427: [
3325:Grey titles
3153:79 (HETE-2)
3069:93 (NuSTAR)
3044:81 (RHESSI)
3019:68 (SAMPEX)
2861:61 (Magsat)
2836:56 (ISEE-1)
2726:36 (GEOS-B)
2691:29 (GEOS-A)
1985:28 February
1277:. The Verge
1135:30 November
796: mi).
740:" included
702:magnetotail
608:ICE mission
505:Explorer 60
414:Instruments
386:Inclination
326:Deactivated
281:Launch site
258:Launch date
210:Launch mass
57:Explorer 59
5942:Categories
5325:Progress 4
5251:Progress 3
5216:Progress 2
5206:Comstar 1C
4985:Kosmos 999
4980:Kosmos 998
4975:Kosmos 997
4970:Kosmos 996
4951:Kosmos 995
4936:Kosmos 994
4931:Kosmos 993
4911:Kosmos 992
4894:Kosmos 991
4879:Kosmos 990
4869:Kosmos 989
4859:Kosmos 988
4849:Kosmos 987
4834:Kosmos 986
4824:Progress 1
4819:Kosmos 985
4814:Kosmos 984
4809:Kosmos 983
4804:Kosmos 982
4799:Kosmos 981
4794:Kosmos 980
4789:Kosmos 979
4784:Kosmos 978
4779:Kosmos 977
4774:Kosmos 976
4769:Kosmos 975
4752:Kosmos 974
4579:Marco Polo
4355:OSIRIS-REx
4106:Clementine
4029:Hayabusa2āÆ
3049:83 (GALEX)
3029:73 (TRACE)
2993:HelioSwarm
2944:84 (Swift)
2926:78 (IMAGE)
2811:53 (SAS-C)
2796:50 (IMP-J)
2791:49 (RAE-B)
2786:48 (SAS-B)
2781:47 (IMP-H)
2771:45 (SSS-A)
2761:43 (IMP-I)
2751:41 (IMP-G)
2736:38 (RAE-A)
2721:35 (IMP-E)
2716:34 (IMP-F)
2711:33 (IMP-D)
2701:31 (DME-A)
2686:28 (IMP-C)
2676:26 (EPE-D)
2661:23 (S-55C)
2651:21 (IMP-B)
2631:18 (IMP-A)
2621:16 (S-55B)
2616:15 (EPE-C)
2611:14 (EPE-B)
2606:13 (S-55A)
2601:12 (EPE-A)
2516:Explorer 1
1718:0333750888
1571:2017059404
1376:. CTV News
1222:2017059404
1099:References
904:halo orbit
851:perihelion
814:cosmic ray
647:Sun-Earth
640:about the
638:halo orbit
566:Earth-Sun
560:halo orbit
553:solar wind
329:5 May 1997
295:Contractor
226:Dimensions
174:Spacecraft
5614:underline
5442:Prognoz 7
5305:Venera 12
5295:Venera 11
4916:Landsat 3
4443:Centaurus
4394:Tianwen-2
4345:Hayabusa2
4312:Impactors
4271:Hayabusa2
4190:Pioneer 7
4180:NEA Scout
4175:LICIACube
4101:Chang'e 2
4047:(orbiter)
4025:(orbiter)
3898:Sun-Earth
3884:Pioneer E
3848:Pioneer H
3836:Cancelled
3690:Prognoz 6
3675:Pioneer 5
3416:Aditya-L1
3270:Proposals
3263:Proposals
3143:72 (SNOE)
3090:97 (IXPE)
3076:94 (IRIS)
3062:91 (IBEX)
3039:75 (WIRE)
3034:74 (SWAS)
3024:70 (FAST)
2972:96 (ICON)
2965:95 (TESS)
2958:92 (WISE)
2931:80 (WMAP)
2921:77 (FUSE)
2909:69 (RXTE)
2891:67 (EUVE)
2886:66 (COBE)
2871:63 (DE-2)
2866:62 (DE-1)
2856:60 (SAGE)
2846:58 (HCMM)
2821:55 (AE-E)
2816:54 (AE-D)
2801:51 (AE-C)
2741:39 (AD-C)
2706:32 (AE-B)
2681:27 (BE-C)
2666:24 (AD-B)
2656:22 (BE-B)
2646:20 (IE-A)
2636:19 (AD-A)
2626:17 (AE-A)
2586:11 (S-15)
2571:9 (S-56A)
2509:1958ā1992
1820:3 October
1528:7 October
1021:safe mode
929:GNU Radio
918:said the
896:RocketHub
120:1978-079A
114:COSPAR ID
5918:See also
5822:Products
5542:OPS 9442
5537:OPS 9441
5532:OPS 5114
5452:Einstein
5422:Magion 1
5407:Nimbus 7
5375:OPS 5113
5279:Soyuz 31
5241:OPS 7310
5190:Soyuz 30
5168:Soyuz 29
5162:OPS 4515
5152:OPS 9454
5055:OPS 5112
5030:OPS 6183
5010:OPS 8790
4964:OPS 9440
4957:OPS 9439
4946:OPS 7858
4941:OPS 0460
4900:Soyuz 28
4889:OPS 6031
4884:OPS 5111
4864:OPS 6291
4763:Soyuz 27
4534:Castalia
4416:Proposed
4388:DESTINY+
4350:Stardust
4340:Hayabusa
4259:Hayabusa
4241:Timeline
4219:Orbiters
4205:Stardust
4148:Sakigake
4031:(lander)
3933:Category
3915:ACRIMSAT
3827:Sundiver
3810:Proposed
3705:SolarMax
3159:INTEGRAL
3055:90 (AIM)
2915:71 (ACE)
2881:65 (CCE)
2876:64 (SME)
2851:59 (ICE)
2841:57 (IUE)
2776:46 (MTS)
2551:7 (S-1A)
2502:Missions
2413:45258658
2405:17792143
2364:10197087
2271:9 August
1734:"Comets"
1638:8 August
1601:8 August
1595:"ISEE 3"
983:nitrogen
941:Kentucky
847:aphelion
845:with an
754:Sakigake
653:ecliptic
562:at the L
551:and the
400:355 days
218:Dry mass
103:Operator
74:ISEE-3:
72:research
5869:Related
5618:italics
5557:Anik B1
5467:NATO 3C
5390:TIROS-N
5310:Jikiken
4921:OSCAR 8
4598:Related
4481:OKEANOS
4463:CORSAIR
4456:Chimera
4436:Shensuo
4368:Planned
4291:Rover-2
4264:MINERVA
4252:Landers
4236:Rosetta
4210:Ulysses
4200:Rosetta
4195:PROCYON
4133:Galileo
4111:CONTOUR
3817:ADAHELI
3780:TRACERS
3772:SWFO-L1
3756:PROBA-3
3741:Planned
3726:Ulysses
3685:PROBA-2
3663:Solwind
3609:MinXSS2
3604:MinXSS1
3559:GOES 13
3553:Genesis
3547:ESRO 2B
3401:Current
3331:Italics
3277:FINESSE
3226:SunRISE
3104:TRACERS
2979:SPHEREx
2546:6 (S-2)
2385:Bibcode
2377:Science
2342:Bibcode
2311:Bibcode
2152:26 June
1905:27 June
1793:26 June
1687:Bibcode
1502:10 July
1473:18 July
1443:12 July
1409:15 June
1334:25 June
1312:26 June
1281:26 June
1044:Payload
949:Germany
818:Ulysses
631:plasmas
289:SLC-17B
135:SATCAT
92:21P/G-Z
88:orbiter
5843:People
5261:ISEE-3
5221:GEOS-2
5184:Seasat
5174:GOES 3
5015:Yuri 1
4854:Kyokko
4740:1979 ā
4725:ā 1977
4664:Trojan
4574:MAOSEP
4549:CONDOR
4529:CAESAR
4475:MANTIS
4469:HAMMER
4451:(2029)
4449:Ramses
4429:Athena
4303:Philae
4276:MASCOT
4163:Vega 2
4158:Vega 1
4153:Suisei
4143:Giotto
4089:Flybys
4044:Psyche
4008:Active
3983:comets
3801:(2031)
3791:(2028)
3783:(2025)
3775:(2025)
3767:(2025)
3759:(2024)
3751:(2024)
3695:RHESSI
3670:PICARD
3589:ISEE-2
3584:ISEE-1
3565:Helios
3542:EURECA
3503:STEREO
3447:DSCOVR
3302:ESCAPE
3297:EXCEDE
3187:Hitomi
3175:Suzaku
3138:HETE-1
2831:DADE-B
2826:DADE-A
2449:Google
2411:
2403:
2362:
2321:
2215:2 July
2193:3 July
2119:31 May
2068:22 May
2041:20 May
2015:20 May
1766:20 May
1715:
1597:. NASA
1569:
1559:
1380:31 May
1357:31 May
1220:
1210:
863:KinetX
750:Suisei
742:Giotto
672:; and,
533:ISEE-2
529:ISEE-1
396:Period
269:Rocket
98:fly-by
96:Halley
53:ISEE-3
18:ISEE-3
5720:AMC-5
5562:DRIMS
5412:CAMEO
5040:OTS-2
4926:PIX-1
4874:Ume 2
4671:Vesta
4630:Pluto
4625:Ceres
4589:Vesta
4569:Janus
4514:AGORA
4423:ASTER
4121:EPOXI
3905:SORCE
3889:OSO C
3858:OSO K
3853:OSO J
3797:Vigil
3764:PUNCH
3720:TRACE
3700:SOLAR
3658:OSO 8
3653:OSO 7
3648:OSO 6
3643:OSO 5
3638:OSO 4
3633:OSO 3
3628:OSO B
3624:OSO 2
3619:OSO 1
3575:IMP-8
3431:]
3424:ASO-S
3292:ASTRE
3287:OHMIC
3282:Arcus
3213:GUSTO
3207:XRISM
3193:NICER
3181:TWINS
3170:CINDI
3097:PUNCH
2901:MIDEX
2591:S-45A
2556:S-46A
2409:S2CID
2360:S2CID
1958:1 May
1658:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
1204:(PDF)
722:flyby
572:comet
390:0.10Ā°
239:watts
234:Power
142:11004
90:ICE:
80:Earth
50:Names
5437:RS-2
5432:RS-1
5025:HCMM
4733:1978
4554:CRAF
4381:AIDA
4375:Hera
4324:DART
4226:Dawn
4082:Past
4036:Lucy
3981:and
3877:Lost
3843:AOSO
3822:SETH
3525:Past
3512:Wind
3463:IRIS
3240:CASE
3233:EZIE
3200:GOLD
3122:UNEX
3111:COSI
3083:GEMS
3011:SMEX
3000:UVEX
2986:MUSE
2937:FAME
2596:S-55
2576:S-45
2566:S-56
2401:PMID
2319:ISBN
2273:2014
2217:2014
2195:2014
2154:2014
2121:2014
2070:2014
2043:2014
2017:2014
1987:2018
1960:2024
1907:2014
1822:2008
1795:2014
1768:2014
1713:ISBN
1640:2015
1603:2015
1567:LCCN
1557:ISBN
1530:2014
1504:2014
1475:2014
1445:2014
1411:2014
1382:2014
1359:2014
1336:2014
1314:2014
1283:2014
1218:LCCN
1208:ISBN
1137:2022
752:and
541:ESRO
539:and
537:NASA
531:and
515:The
237:173
195:ISEE
107:NASA
94:and
4844:IUE
4519:AIM
3977:to
3910:SXI
3408:ACE
3219:AWE
2541:S-1
2393:doi
2381:232
2350:doi
1703:hdl
1695:doi
545:ESA
263:UTC
191:Bus
137:no.
76:Sun
5944::
3429:fr
3390:-
3126:MO
2581:10
2407:.
2399:.
2391:.
2379:.
2375:.
2358:.
2348:.
2336:.
2317:.
2264:.
1995:^
1890:^
1759:.
1736:.
1711:.
1701:.
1693:.
1621:^
1565:.
1532:.
1512:^
1495:.
1483:^
1465:.
1453:^
1431:.
1419:^
1402:.
1390:^
1300:.
1216:.
1168:.
1155:^
947:,
906:.
872:Īv
838:.
790:10
780:10
770:10
760:10
748:,
744:,
555:.
287:,
5661:/
5651:e
5644:t
5637:v
4716:e
4709:t
4702:v
3967:e
3960:t
3953:v
3626:/
3369:e
3362:t
3355:v
3130:I
3128:/
3124:/
2561:8
2536:5
2531:4
2526:3
2521:2
2478:e
2471:t
2464:v
2415:.
2395::
2387::
2366:.
2352::
2344::
2327:.
2313::
2275:.
2219:.
2197:.
2156:.
2134:.
2123:.
2083:.
2072:.
2045:.
2019:.
1989:.
1962:.
1909:.
1824:.
1797:.
1770:.
1721:.
1705::
1697::
1689::
1671:.
1642:.
1616:.
1605:.
1584:.
1506:.
1477:.
1447:.
1413:.
1384:.
1361:.
1338:.
1316:.
1285:.
1263:.
1235:.
1187:.
1150:.
1139:.
794:^
788:Ć
784:^
778:Ć
774:^
768:Ć
764:^
758:Ć
697:2
695:L
687:1
685:L
644:1
642:L
564:1
543:/
85:1
83:L
78:/
20:)
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