804:
786:
33:
312:
2721:
639:
63:
532:
influences, Arabic quickly became the common language of science and literature of the epoch. Most
Central Asian Arabs lived in isolated communities and did not favour intermarriages with the local population. This factor helped their language survive in a multilingual milieu until the 20th century.
617:. In Tajikistan, Central Asian Arabic is spoken by 35.7% of the country's Arab population, having been largely replaced by Tajik. Bakhtiari Arabic is spoken in Arab communities in northern Afghanistan. Recent studies considered Khorasani Arabic (spoken in
45:
77:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
584:
594:. The first three have their speakers spread across Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Khorasani came to be considered by scholars as part of the Central Asian Arabic dialect family only recently.
528:, the Arabic conquerors settled about 50,000 Arabic families in to Iranian Khorasan, modern day Northern Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan, but the number is definitely exaggerated. Owing to heavy
753:
865:
316:
Enclaves in
Afghanistan, Iran and Uzbekistan where Central Asian Arabic is still spoken. In brackets, after the name of each region, is the number of villages with Arabic-speaking inhabitants.
934:
Prof. Dr. Aydın Usta, Türkler ve İslamiyet, Yeditepe Yayınevi, 1. Baskı, March 2020, s. 56-57 (using the
Turkish translation of el-Kamil fi't-Tarih by Ibn Al-Athir as a source)
435:
remaining. Many, if not most self-identified ethnic Arabs in these communities do not speak the language at a native level, and report other languages as their mother tongues.
823:
987:
548:
rule in
Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, Arab communities faced major linguistic and identity changes having had to abandon nomadic lifestyles and gradually mixing with
587:
were responsible for the first academic studies of
Central Asian Arabic, which is heavily influenced by the local languages in phonetics, vocabulary and syntax.
590:
The Jugari Arabic comprises four varieties: Bakhtiari Arabic (also called
Bactrian Arabic), Bukhara Arabic (also called Buxara Arabic), Kashkadarya Arabic and
1126:
80:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
88:
1177:
885:
843:
660:
609:. In Uzbekistan, there are at least two dialects of Central Asian Arabic: Bukharian (influenced by Tajik) and Qashqadaryavi (influenced by
961:
1720:
1051:
1024:
919:
2755:
1095:
686:
533:
By the 1880s many Arab pastoralists had migrated to northern
Afghanistan from what is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan following the
2765:
2760:
2367:
743:
1894:
1160:
1068:
664:
580:
1012:
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907:
354:. These varieties are Bactrian (or Bakhtiari) Arabic, Bukhara (or Buxara) Arabic, Qashqa Darya (or Kashkadarya) Arabic, and
2342:
1119:
101:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1659:
1210:
381:. They are, however, relatively conservative in their lexicon and phonology. While they bear certain similarities with
421:
649:
396:, the Central Asian Arabic varieties are exceptional among Arabic-speaking communities in not being characterized by
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668:
653:
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2056:
2046:
2023:
382:
374:
212:
110:
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for these communities. Essentially all speakers are reported to be bilingual, with essentially no Jugari Arabic
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2724:
2632:
2114:
1112:
370:
96:
117:
2181:
1879:
1822:
1225:
1987:
1947:
1872:
1867:
1631:
1167:
803:
785:
513:
401:
207:
2713:
2546:
2498:
2308:
2290:
2283:
2273:
2268:
2260:
2080:
1815:
1787:
1777:
1581:
1205:
614:
197:
625:) as part of the Central Asian Arabic family, and found that it was closely related to Qashqadaryavi.
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2129:
1609:
561:
564:, only 34% of Soviet Arabs, mostly elderly, spoke their language at a native level. Others reported
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2318:
2191:
2014:
1565:
1479:
339:
172:
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2362:
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454:, but declining in number; in all four of these countries, Arabic is not an official language.
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866:"Uzbekistan Arabic: A Language Created by Semitic-Iranian-Turkic Linguistic Convergence"
385:, they constitute an independent linguistic branch of Arabic, the Central Asian family.
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conquest of
Central Asia. These Arabs nowadays speak no Arabic, having adapted to
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These varieties are estimated to be spoken by an estimated 6,000 people total in
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1533:
1285:
638:
512:. The first wave of Arabs migrated to this region in the 8th century during the
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17:
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Arabic as a
Minority Language (Contributions to the Sociology of Language)
877:
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278:
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361:
The Central Asian Arabic varieties are markedly different from all other
2611:
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505:
99:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
992:[Ethnic Minorities of Tajikistan: Arabs]. Этнические группы.
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2454:
1506:
1150:
1135:
534:
366:
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1425:
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1344:
1308:
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529:
517:
824:"Bukhara Arabic: A Metatypized Dialect of Arabic in Central Asia"
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1551:
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1443:
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622:
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443:
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74:
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26:
868:. In Csató, Éva Ágnes; Isaksson, Bo; Jahani, Carina (eds.).
826:. In Csató, Éva Ágnes; Isaksson, Bo; Jahani, Carina (eds.).
1069:
On the Relationship of the Central Asian Arabic Dialects
1011:
Sharqāwī, Muḥammad; al-Sharkawi, Muhammad, eds. (2005).
373:, which have been heavily influenced by the surrounding
346:
currently facing extinction and spoken predominantly by
912:
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set
969:(Report) (in Russian). pp. 27–31. Archived from
1072:(translated from German to English by Sarah Dickins)
70:
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2013:
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1946:
1937:
1911:
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1301:
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1143:
946:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 2001
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267:
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186:
178:
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136:
66:
a machine-translated version of the Arabic article.
960:[Ethnic Minorities of Uzbekistan: Arabs].
944:Peter R. Blood, ed. Afghanistan: A Country Study
107:{{Translated|ar|اللهجات العربية في آسيا الوسطى}}
1040:Owens, Jonathan (2000). Owens, Jonathan (ed.).
1017:The Ecology of Arabic: A Study of Arabicization
994:Minority: Национальные меньшинства Таджикситана
817:
815:
813:
484:communities who moved there after the fall of
95:accompanying your translation by providing an
57:Click for important translation instructions.
44:expand this article with text translated from
1120:
859:
857:
855:
597:It is reported to be spoken in 5 villages of
516:and was later joined by groups of Arabs from
8:
667:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
131:Endangered Semitic language of Central Asia
2019:
1943:
1655:
1646:
1570:
1127:
1113:
1105:
870:Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion
828:Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion
338:) refers to a set of four closely-related
133:
687:Learn how and when to remove this message
524:(present-day Afghanistan). According to
404:, except in religious contexts; rather,
914:. Oxford University Press. p. 39.
766:
508:(present-day Tajikistan), as well as
238:
7:
665:adding citations to reliable sources
958:Этнические атлас Узбекистана: Арабы
822:Ratcliffe, Robert R. (2004-08-02).
335:
2712:Languages between parentheses are
25:
2720:
2719:
802:
784:
637:
480:'s numerous settled and nomadic
310:
31:
744:History of Arabs in Afghanistan
365:varieties, especially in their
2716:of the language on their left.
1090:. Edinburgh University Press.
544:With the establishment of the
504:(present-day Uzbekistan), and
105:You may also add the template
1:
1211:Ancient South Arabian script
1178:Influence on other languages
996:(in Russian). Archived from
864:Jastrow, Otto (2004-08-02).
2468:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
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1251:
118:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2787:
1013:"Foreigner Talk in Arabic"
613:). These dialects are not
488:. They inhabited areas in
461:
289: – Uzbeki Arabic
282: – Tajiki Arabic
69:Machine translation, like
2699:
2692:Islam and Arabic language
906:Frawley, William (2003).
585:Isaak Natanovich Vinnikov
476:It was once spoken among
383:North Mesopotamian Arabic
309:
141:
46:the corresponding article
2756:Languages of Afghanistan
2633:Arabic script in Unicode
2368:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin
1728:(North-Eastern Tunisian)
1086:Versteegh, Kees (2014).
993:
988:
962:
957:
754:ru:Среднеазиатские арабы
572:as their mother tongue.
369:and to a lesser extent,
182:(16,000 cited 1992–2023)
2766:Languages of Tajikistan
2761:Languages of Uzbekistan
1895:Western Egyptian Bedawi
336:العربية الآسيوية الوسطى
116:For more guidance, see
1019:. Brill. p. 243.
963:Этнические меньшинства
402:Modern Standard Arabic
350:living in portions of
2499:Quranic Arabic Corpus
1206:Ancient North Arabian
1046:. De Gruyter Mouton.
878:10.4324/9780203327715
836:10.4324/9780203327715
756:- central Asian Arabs
615:mutually intelligible
462:Further information:
89:copyright attribution
2450:Sun and moon letters
1610:Pre-classical Arabic
976:on February 5, 2007.
661:improve this section
324:Central Asian Arabic
223:Central Asian Arabic
137:Central Asian Arabic
2304:Judeo-Tripolitanian
1783:Judeo-Tripolitanian
1088:The Arabic Language
908:"Semitic Languages"
560:. According to the
173:Central Asian Arabs
2677:MacArabic encoding
989:Арабы Таджикистана
464:Rashidun Caliphate
420:) function as the
97:interlanguage link
2771:Languages of Iran
2733:
2732:
2708:extinct languages
2647:MS-DOS codepages
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2091:
2090:
2009:
2008:
1907:
1906:
1603:Old Hijazi Arabic
887:978-1-134-39631-3
845:978-1-134-39631-3
800:(27th ed., 2024)
782:(27th ed., 2024)
697:
696:
689:
472:Abbasid Caliphate
468:Umayyad Caliphate
429:literary language
321:
320:
129:
128:
58:
54:
16:(Redirected from
2778:
2746:Arabic languages
2723:
2722:
2471:
2020:
1944:
1880:Western Algerian
1827:Eastern Algerian
1823:Algerian Saharan
1753:(Lesser Kabylia)
1656:
1647:
1589:Nabataean Arabic
1571:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1448:
1440:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1386:
1376:
1368:
1358:
1349:
1341:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1293:Maltese alphabet
1256:
1236:Algerian Braille
1226:Eastern numerals
1196:Nabataean script
1129:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1101:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1008:
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1001:
984:
978:
977:
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956:Kobzeva, Olga.
953:
947:
941:
935:
932:
926:
925:
903:
892:
891:
861:
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849:
819:
808:
807:
806:
789:
788:
771:
692:
685:
681:
678:
672:
641:
633:
611:Turkic languages
592:Khorasani Arabic
581:Giorgi Tsereteli
514:Muslim conquests
379:Turkic languages
356:Khorasani Arabic
348:Arab communities
337:
314:
305:
288:
281:
272:
192:
134:
108:
102:
75:Google Translate
56:
52:
35:
34:
27:
21:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2751:Mashriqi Arabic
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2695:
2681:
2628:Arabic keyboard
2616:
2511:
2503:
2488:Mater lectionis
2482:Triliteral root
2433:
2404:
2345:
2337:
2255:
2237:
2198:
2087:
2051:
2005:
1982:
1933:
1903:
1794:
1774:Judeo-Maghrebi
1642:
1636:
1632:Modern Standard
1615:
1560:
1297:
1241:Maltese Braille
1221:Arabic numerals
1182:
1139:
1133:
1098:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1066:Ulrich Seeger,
1065:
1061:
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631:
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486:Sasanian Empire
474:
460:
375:Western Iranian
363:Arabic language
317:
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284:
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213:Central Semitic
193:
190:Language family
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2572:Naskh (script)
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2309:Judeo-Tunisian
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2291:Judeo-Moroccan
2288:
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2274:Judeo-Egyptian
2271:
2269:Judeo-Algerian
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2256:
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2251:Bedouin Arabic
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1863:Moroccan koiné
1860:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1840:
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1838:
1836:Tunisian koiné
1832:Eastern Hilal
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1820:
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1818:
1816:Judeo-Algerian
1811:Algerian koiné
1807:Central Hilal
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
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1788:Judeo-Tunisian
1785:
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1778:Judeo-Moroccan
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1231:Arabic Braille
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1075:
1074:
1059:
1053:978-3110165784
1052:
1032:
1026:978-9004186064
1025:
1003:
1000:on 2007-09-30.
979:
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921:978-0195139778
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707:
695:
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645:
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630:
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577:
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394:Cypriot Arabic
319:
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273:
265:
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263:Language codes
260:
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196:
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148:
147:Native to
144:
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81:
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67:
60:
41:
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2783:
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2626:
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2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Sini (script)
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Ruqʿah script
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
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2560:
2558:
2555:
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2532:Hijazi script
2530:
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2240:
2234:
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2225:
2222:
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2213:
2212:
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2210:Central Asian
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Taʽizzi-Adeni
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
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2108:
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2100:
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2054:
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2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
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1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
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1797:
1789:
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1779:
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1763:
1761:Traras-Msirda
1760:
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1234:
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1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:Arabic script
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
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1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
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1110:
1107:
1099:
1097:9780748645282
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1071:
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1063:
1060:
1055:
1049:
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1044:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1004:
999:
991:
983:
980:
972:
965:
952:
949:
945:
940:
937:
931:
928:
923:
917:
913:
909:
902:
900:
898:
894:
889:
883:
879:
875:
872:. Routledge.
871:
867:
860:
858:
856:
852:
847:
841:
837:
833:
830:. Routledge.
829:
825:
818:
816:
814:
810:
805:
799:
798:
793:
792:Uzbeki Arabic
787:
781:
780:
775:
774:Tajiki Arabic
770:
767:
760:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
724:
720:
717:
715:
711:
708:
706:
702:
699:
698:
691:
688:
680:
670:
666:
662:
656:
655:
651:
646:This section
644:
640:
635:
634:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
582:
575:
573:
571:
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559:
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547:
542:
540:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
423:
422:high prestige
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
329:
328:Jugari Arabic
325:
313:
308:
304:
300:
298:
297:
292:
287:
280:
274:
271:
266:
261:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
242:
224:
221:
220:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
199:
195:
191:
185:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:Jugari Arabic
140:
135:
119:
115:
112:
104:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
61:
55:
49:
47:
42:You can help
38:
29:
28:
19:
2703:
2643:Windows-1256
2602:Taliq script
2542:Jeli Thuluth
2522:Ajami script
2486:
2390:Pidgin madam
2377:
2355:
2319:Judeo-Yemeni
2261:Judeo-Arabic
2243:Sociological
2230:
2209:
2192:Judeo-Yemeni
2015:Mesopotamian
1890:Libyan koiné
1674:
1667:
1660:Pre-Hilalian
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1582:Proto-Arabic
1580:
1215:Zabūr script
1168:Romanization
1087:
1080:Bibliography
1067:
1062:
1042:
1035:
1016:
1006:
998:the original
982:
971:the original
951:
939:
930:
911:
869:
827:
795:
777:
769:
731:
727:
722:
718:
713:
709:
704:
700:
683:
674:
659:Please help
647:
599:Surkhandarya
596:
589:
579:
543:
526:Ibn Al-Athir
502:Surkhandarya
478:Central Asia
475:
437:
433:monolinguals
387:
360:
352:Central Asia
327:
323:
322:
294:
251:Kashkadarian
222:
208:West Semitic
198:Afro-Asiatic
93:edit summary
84:
51:
43:
2537:Jawi script
2509:Calligraphy
2438:Linguistics
2363:Gulf Pidgin
2279:Judeo-Iraqi
2220:Kashkadarya
2076:Judeo-Iraqi
2001:Palestinian
1912:Nile Valley
1574:Pre-Islamic
1286:Dagger alif
603:Qashqadarya
562:1959 census
541:and Uzbek.
510:Afghanistan
498:Qashqadarya
440:Afghanistan
412:(including
388:Along with
151:Afghanistan
53:(July 2022)
18:ISO 639:abh
2740:Categories
2424:Literature
2097:Peninsular
2037:Khuzestani
1767:(Mountain)
1687:Australian
1596:Old Arabic
1246:Diacritics
1173:Numerology
797:Ethnologue
779:Ethnologue
761:References
452:Uzbekistan
448:Tajikistan
371:morphology
163:Uzbekistan
159:Tajikistan
2714:varieties
2706:indicate
2621:Technical
2592:Shahmukhi
2547:Kairouani
2445:Phonology
2224:Khorasani
2214:Bakhtiari
2066:Anatolian
1996:Jordanian
1976:Damascene
1939:Levantine
1851:Hassaniya
1692:Cottenera
1627:Classical
1566:Varieties
1144:Overviews
677:June 2024
648:does not
576:Varieties
490:Samarqand
398:diglossia
340:varieties
296:Glottolog
270:ISO 639-3
255:Khorasani
248:Bukharian
245:Bakhtiari
169:Ethnicity
111:talk page
48:in Arabic
2725:Category
2577:Nastaliq
2567:Muhaqqaq
2557:Maghrebi
2417:Academic
2357:Bimbashi
2313:Tunisene
2284:Baghdadi
2232:Shirvani
2172:Hadhrami
2130:Bahraini
2081:Baghdadi
2032:Baghdadi
1971:Aleppine
1961:Lebanese
1956:Cilician
1929:Sudanese
1919:Egyptian
1800:Hilalian
1758:Western
1736:Eastern
1733:Village
1712:Żurrieqi
1676:Sicilian
1669:Andalusi
1651:Maghrebi
1620:Literary
1272:(tanwin)
1270:Nunation
1156:Alphabet
1151:Language
1138:language
738:See also
719:thalatha
619:Khorasan
303:cent2410
240:Dialects
179:Speakers
87:provide
2704:Italics
2612:Thuluth
2477:Grammar
2348:pidgins
2343:Creoles
2332:Sanʽani
2217:Bukhara
2177:Sanʽani
2140:Kuwaiti
2135:Emirati
2120:Dhofari
2105:Bahrani
2071:Cypriot
2059:(Qeltu)
1886:Sulaym
1873:Western
1868:Eastern
1746:Sfaxian
1742:(Sahel)
1697:Gozitan
1682:Maltese
1302:Letters
1276:Shaddah
1265:Harakat
1260:Tashkil
1188:Scripts
1161:History
710:ithnaân
669:removed
654:sources
629:Numbers
607:Bukhara
558:Turkmen
535:Russian
530:Islamic
522:Andkhoy
506:Khatlon
494:Bukhara
458:History
410:Persian
390:Maltese
275:Either:
203:Semitic
109:to the
91:in the
50:.
2527:Diwani
2514:Script
2472:(case)
2469:ʾIʿrāb
2455:Tajwid
2400:Bongor
2379:Maridi
2329:Habban
2203:Others
2187:Tihami
2167:Yemeni
2162:Shihhi
2147:Hejazi
2115:Bedawi
2110:Bareqi
1966:Syrian
1924:Saʽidi
1856:Nemadi
1842:Maqil
1740:Sahili
1707:Żejtun
1643:spoken
1641:Modern
1136:Arabic
1094:
1050:
1023:
918:
884:
842:
728:arba’a
723:salaâs
554:Tajiks
550:Uzbeks
546:Soviet
470:, and
450:, and
367:syntax
344:Arabic
332:Arabic
218:Arabic
2686:Other
2607:Tawqi
2562:Mashq
2552:Kufic
2460:Imāla
2429:Names
2395:Turku
2323:Adeni
2157:Omani
2152:Najdi
2057:North
2047:South
2042:Shawi
2024:Gilit
1988:South
1948:North
1846:Fessi
1765:Jebli
1751:Jijel
1726:Tunis
1721:Urban
1702:Qormi
1311:ʾAlif
1281:Hamza
1253:i‘jām
974:(PDF)
967:(PDF)
749:Khoja
732:orba’
730:>
721:>
714:isnen
712:>
703:>
701:wahid
570:Tajik
566:Uzbek
518:Balkh
418:Tajik
406:Uzbek
400:with
71:DeepL
2582:Rasm
2385:Nubi
2373:Juba
2346:and
2326:Beda
2298:Wqal
2295:Kjal
2125:Gulf
1473:Ġayn
1464:ʿAyn
1092:ISBN
1048:ISBN
1021:ISBN
916:ISBN
882:ISBN
840:ISBN
652:any
650:cite
623:Iran
605:and
583:and
556:and
539:Dari
520:and
482:Arab
444:Iran
427:and
425:lect
416:and
414:Dari
392:and
377:and
155:Iran
85:must
83:You
64:View
2670:864
2665:720
2661:711
2658:710
2655:709
2651:708
2494:IPA
1554:Yāʾ
1545:Wāw
1536:Hāʾ
1527:Nūn
1518:Mīm
1509:Lām
1500:Kāf
1491:Qāf
1482:Fāʾ
1455:Ẓāʾ
1446:Ṭāʾ
1437:Ḍād
1428:Ṣād
1419:Šīn
1410:Sīn
1401:Zāy
1392:Rāʾ
1383:Ḏāl
1374:Dāl
1365:Ḫāʾ
1356:Ḥāʾ
1347:Ǧīm
1338:Ṯāʾ
1329:Tāʾ
1320:Bāʾ
874:doi
832:doi
794:at
776:at
705:fad
663:by
568:or
408:or
342:of
326:or
286:auz
279:abh
73:or
2742::
2512:·
1015:.
910:.
896:^
880:.
854:^
838:.
812:^
621:,
601:,
552:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
466:,
446:,
442:,
358:.
334::
161:,
157:,
153:,
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
1100:.
1056:.
1029:.
924:.
890:.
876::
848:.
834::
690:)
684:(
679:)
675:(
671:.
657:.
330:(
120:.
113:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
