1346:). The attributes of a file are stored in the directory entry that describes the file, and optionally in the extended attribute record. To locate a file, the directory names in the file's path can be checked sequentially, going to the location of each directory to obtain the location of the subsequent subdirectory. However, a file can also be located through the path table provided by the file system. This path table stores information about each directory, its parent, and its location on disc. Since the path table is stored in a contiguous region, it can be searched much faster than jumping to the particular locations of each directory in the file's path, thus reducing seek time.
778:
as the volume's name and creator, along with the size and number of logical blocks used by the file system. Path tables summarize the directory structure of the relevant directory hierarchy. For each directory in the image, the path table provides the directory identifier, the location of the extent in which the directory is recorded, the length of any extended attributes associated with the directory, and the index of its parent directory path table entry.
5107:
7665:
1331:
2157:. However, it has long since been superseded by other extensions, and modern utilities that create ISO 9660 images either cannot create TRANS.TBL files at all, or no longer create them unless explicitly requested by the user. Since a TRANS.TBL file has no special identification other than its name, it can also be created separately and included in the directory before filesystem creation.
750:. To facilitate cross platform compatibility, it defined a minimal set of common file attributes (directory or ordinary file and time of recording) and name attributes (name, extension, and version), and used a separate system use area where future optional extensions for each file may be specified. High Sierra was adopted in December 1986 (with changes) as an international standard by
121:
1283:
located. Other fields contain the description or name of the volume, and information about who created it and with which application. The size of the logical blocks which the file system uses to segment the volume is also stored in a field inside the primary volume descriptor, as well as the amount of space occupied by the volume (measured in number of logical blocks).
1404:). It is possible to circumvent this limitation by using the multi-extent (fragmentation) feature of ISO 9660 Level 3 to create ISO 9660 file systems and single files up to 8 TB. With this, files larger than 4 GiB can be split up into multiple extents (sequential series of sectors), each not exceeding the 4 GiB limit. For example, the free software such as
1776:
1758:). This includes the protection flags plus an optional comment field. These extensions were introduced by Angela Schmidt with the help of Andrew Young, the primary author of the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol and System Use Sharing Protocol. The first publicly available software to master a CD-ROM with Amiga extensions was
1876:, which is loaded from the CD and then behaves as a virtual floppy disk. This is useful for computers that were designed to boot only from a floppy drive. For modern computers the "no emulation" mode is generally the more reliable method. The BIOS will assign a BIOS drive number to the CD drive. The drive number (for
1496:
whose contents are undefined and left to be interpreted by the system. SUSP defines a method to subdivide that area into multiple system use fields, each identified by a two-character signature tag. The idea behind SUSP was that it would enable any number of independent extensions to ISO 9660 to be
1388:
A CD-ROM producer may choose one of the lower Levels of
Interchange specified in chapter 10 of the standard, and further restrict file name length from 30 characters to only 8+3 in file identifiers, and 8 in directory identifiers in order to promote interchangeability with implementations that do not
1359:
Level 3: No additional restrictions than those stipulated in the main body of the standard. That is, directory identifiers may not exceed 31 characters in length, and file name + '.' + file name extension may not exceed 30 characters in length (sections 7.5 and 7.6). Files are also allowed to consist
1321:
Path tables summarize the directory structure of the relevant directory hierarchy. For each directory in the image, the path table provides the directory identifier, the location of the extent in which the directory is recorded, the length of any extended attributes associated with the directory, and
1311:
Enhanced volume descriptors were introduced in ISO 9660, Amendment 1. They relax some of the requirements of the other volume descriptors and the directory records referenced by them: for example, the directory depth can exceed eight, file identifiers need not contain '.' or file version number, the
1307:
escape sequences are used to identify each particular code page used. Consequently, ISO 9660 supports international single-byte and multi-byte character sets, provided they fit into the framework of the referenced standards. However, ISO 9660 does not specify any code pages that are guaranteed to be
777:
which is a volume descriptor that marks the end of the descriptor set. The primary volume descriptor provides information about the volume, characteristics and metadata, including a root directory record that indicates in which sector the root directory is located. Other fields contain metadata such
1974:
Many current PC operating systems are able to read Joliet-formatted media, thus allowing exchange of files between those operating systems even if non-Roman characters are involved (such as Arabic, Japanese or
Cyrillic), which was formerly not possible with plain ISO 9660-formatted media. Operating
985:
X 0606:1998 was passed in Japan in 1998 with much-relaxed file name rules using a new "enhanced volume descriptor" data structure. The standard was submitted for ISO 9660:1999 and supposedly fast-tracked, but nothing came out of it. Nevertheless, several operating systems and disc authoring tools
1427:
Since amendment 1 (or ECMA-119 3rd edition, or "JIS X 0606:1998 / ISO 9660:1999"), a much wider variety of file trees can be expressed by the EVD system. There is no longer any character limit (even 8-bit characters are allowed), nor any depth limit or path length limit. There still is a limit on
1282:
is simply a particular type of volume descriptor with the purpose of marking the end of this set of structures. The primary volume descriptor provides information about the volume, characteristics and metadata, including a root directory record that indicates in which sector the root directory is
2168:
on a disc. Since ISO 9660 is by design a read-only, pre-mastered file system, all the data has to be written in one go or "session" to the medium. Once written, there is no provision for altering the stored content. ISO 13490 was created to allow adding more files to a writeable disc such as
1867:
A 32-bit PC BIOS will search for boot code on an ISO 9660 CD-ROM. The standard allows for booting in two different modes. Either in hard disk emulation when the boot information can be accessed directly from the CD media, or in floppy emulation mode where the boot information is stored in an
2052:
The same code page problem technically exists in standard ISO 9660, which allows open interpretation of the supplemental and enhanced volume descriptors to any character encoding subject to agreement. However, the primary volume descriptor is guaranteed to be a small subset of ASCII.
2214:
Most operating systems support reading of ISO 9660 formatted discs, and most new versions support the extensions such as Rock Ridge and Joliet. Operating systems that do not support the extensions usually show the basic (non-extended) features of a plain ISO 9660 disc.
1953:
BE in practice since
Windows 2000). These filenames are stored in a special supplementary volume descriptor, that is safely ignored by ISO 9660-compliant software, thus preserving backward compatibility. The specification only allows filenames to be up to 64
1750:. It too is built on the SUSP standard by defining an "AS"-tagged system use field. Thus both Amiga Rock Ridge and the POSIX RRIP may be used simultaneously on the same volume. Some of the specific properties supported by this extension are the additional
998:) now support the addition, under such names as "ISO 9660:1999", "ISO 9660 v2", or "ISO 9660 Level 4". In 2013, the proposal was finally formalized in the form of ISO 9660/Amendment 1, intended to "bring harmonization between ISO 9660 and widely used '
1030:, and in a concatenation of both types in what the specification calls "both-byte" order. Both-byte order is required in several fields in the volume descriptors and directory records, while path tables can be either little-endian or big-endian.
1208:
The data field of a volume descriptor may be subdivided into several fields, with the exact content depending on the type. Redundant copies of each volume descriptor can also be included in case the first copy of the descriptor becomes corrupt.
1966:
Joliet allows
Unicode characters to be used for all text fields, which includes file names and the volume name. A "Secondary" volume descriptor with type 2 contains the same information as the Primary one (sector 16 offset 40 bytes), but in
1298:
Supplementary volume descriptors describe the same volume as the primary volume descriptor does, and are normally used for providing additional code page support when the standard code tables are insufficient. The standard specifies that
6991:
2103:
In order to allow non-Macintosh systems to access
Macintosh files on CD-ROMs, Apple chose to use an extension of the standard ISO 9660 format. Most of the data, other than the Apple specific metadata, remains visible to
866:(NISO) set up Standards Committee SC EE (Compact Disc Data Format) in July 1985. In September/ October 1985 several companies invited experts to participate in the development of a working paper for such a standard.
1364:
Additional restrictions in the body of the standard: The depth of the directory hierarchy must not exceed 8 (root directory being at level 1), and the path length of any file must not exceed 255. (section 6.8.2.1).
746:, which arranged file information in a dense, sequential layout to minimize nonsequential access by using a hierarchical (eight levels of directories deep) tree file system arrangement, similar to UNIX and
1962:
states filenames up to 103 characters in length do not appear to cause problems. Microsoft has documented it "can use up to 110 characters." The difference lies in whether CDXA extension space is used.
1491:
P1281) provides a generic way of including additional properties for any directory entry reachable from the primary volume descriptor (PVD). In an ISO 9660 volume, every directory entry has an optional
2146:
Most implementations that create TRANS.TBL files put a single space between the file type and ISO 9660 name and some arbitrary number of tabs between the ISO 9660 filename and the extended filename.
979:
In order not to create incompatibilities, NISO suspended further work on Z39.60, which had been adopted by NISO members on 28 May 1987. It was withdrawn before final approval, in favour of ISO 9660.
1945:. Its primary focus is the relaxation of the filename restrictions inherent with full ISO 9660 compliance. Joliet accomplishes this by supplying an additional set of filenames that are encoded in
1074:, the first 32,768 data bytes of the disc (16 sectors of 2,048 bytes each), is unused by ISO 9660 and therefore available for other uses. While it is suggested that they are reserved for use by
976:
was published in 1988. The main changes from the High Sierra Format in the ECMA-119 and ISO 9660 standards were international extensions to allow the format to work better on non-US markets.
2983:
2176:
The ISO 13346/ECMA-167 standard was designed in conjunction to the ISO 13490 standard. This new format addresses most of the shortcomings of ISO 9660, and a subset of it evolved into the
1497:
created and included on a volume without conflicting. It also allows for the inclusion of property data that would otherwise be too large to fit within the limits of the system use area.
2392:
support for optical media written on a PC is patchy. Most CD-Rs/RWs work perfectly, however DVD+-Rs/RWs/RAMs are entirely hit and miss running RISC OS 4.02, RISC OS 4.39 and RISC OS 6.20
5052:
1353:
Level 1: File names are limited to eight characters with a three-character extension. Directory names are limited to eight characters. Files may contain one single file section.
964:(ECMA) for standardization. With some changes, this led to the issue of the initial edition of the ECMA-119 standard in December 1986. The ECMA submitted their standard to the
6503:
1678:
The RRIP extensions are built upon SUSP, defining additional tags for support of POSIX semantics, along with the format and meaning of the corresponding system use fields:
769:(a header block which describes the subsequent layout) and then the path tables, directories and files on the disc. An ISO 9660 compliant disc must contain at least one
6498:
972:, where it was further refined into the ISO 9660 standard. For compatibility the second edition of ECMA-119 was revised to be equivalent to ISO 9660 in December 1987.
832:
were originally developed for recording musical data, but soon were used for storing additional digital data types because they were equally effective for archival
3311:"Add support for Joliet format CD-ROMs hdr/Hashes s/Directory s/EntryFile s/FileMan s/Filer s/Free (999bdda6) · Commits · RiscOS / Sources / FileSys / CDFS / CDFS"
6003:
5381:
3677:
1338:
Directory entries are stored following the location of the root directory entry, where evaluation of filenames is begun. Both directories and files are stored as
1308:
supported: all use of code tables other than those defined in the standard itself are subject to agreement between the originator and the recipient of the volume.
755:
732:
32:
1372:
All levels restrict file names in the mandatory file hierarchy to upper case letters, digits, underscores ("_"), and a dot. (See also section 7.4.4 and Annex A.)
5081:
2552:
1754:-bits for files. There is support for attribute "P" that stands for "pure" bit (indicating re-entrant command) and attribute "S" for script bit (indicating
6225:
2540:
961:
863:
5045:
7300:
7220:
7011:
7006:
6852:
3660:
3616:
1566:: zisofs compressed file, usually produced by program mkzftree or by libisofs. Transparently decompressed by Linux kernel if built with CONFIG_ZISOFS.
416:
36:
7018:
3549:
1420:
are able to create ISO 9660 file systems that use multi-extent files to store files larger than 4 GiB on appropriate media such as recordable DVDs.
1008:
In 2020, ISO published
Amendment 2, which adds some minor clarifying matter, but does not add or correct any technical information of the standard.
3310:
5372:
1342:, which are sequential series of sectors. Files and directories are differentiated only by a file attribute that indicates its nature (similar to
668:
1164:
Each volume descriptor is 2048 bytes in size, fitting perfectly into a single Mode 1 or Mode 2 Form 1 sector. They have the following structure:
3566:
7551:
3761:
3736:
2987:
2651:
696:
5913:
5038:
3505:
2049:. For example, "ü" may become "³". A different OS may encounter a similar problem or refuse to recognize these noncompliant names outright.
7620:
7421:
6944:
6327:
5918:
5888:
1588:
The Apple extensions do not technically follow the SUSP standard; however the basic structure of the AA and AB fields defined by Apple are
1428:
name length, at 207. The character set is no longer enforced, so both sides of the disc interchange need to agree via a different channel.
965:
3634:
2922:
1392:
All numbers in ISO 9660 file systems except the single byte value used for the GMT offset are unsigned numbers. As the length of a file's
3013:
1322:
the index of its parent directory path table entry. The parent directory number is a 16-bit number, limiting its range from 1 to 65,535.
869:
In
November 1985, representatives of computer hardware manufacturers gathered at the High Sierra Hotel and Casino (currently called the
7265:
6595:
6392:
4993:
4468:
155:
3452:
3222:
949:
CD-ROM standard, which was so open ended it was leading to diversification and creation of many incompatible data storage methods. The
7729:
5716:
4983:
4154:
3963:
2639:
3365:"ECMA-167 - Volume and File Structure for Write-Once and Rewritable Media using Non-Sequential Recording for Information Interchange"
1002:
Specification'." In
December 2017, a 3rd Edition of ECMA-119 was published that is technically identical with ISO 9660, Amendment 1.
7719:
6792:
5816:
4605:
3532:
2622:
2402:
7694:
7356:
6528:
6372:
4271:
3993:
3953:
2069:
2033:
and allows the use of long filenames up to 128 characters, written directly into the primary volume descriptor using the current
663:
3346:
7724:
2689:
2672:
507:
390:
846:
specification in 1983. However, this book did not define any format for organizing data on CD-ROMs into logical units such as
7451:
7446:
7153:
5253:
5086:
2285:
581:
316:
2730:
7245:
6575:
6508:
6088:
5736:
5258:
4050:
3578:
3296:
894:
5096:
4988:
4404:
3978:
1127:
982:
160:
7590:
7068:
5365:
5277:
4909:
4757:
4689:
3983:
3790:
1378:
If no characters are specified for the File Name
Extension then the File Name shall consist of at least one character.
1375:
If no characters are specified for the File Name then the File Name
Extension shall consist of at least one character.
624:
569:
514:
1836:
1817:
a computer from a CD-ROM. It was announced in November 1994 and first issued in January 1995 as a joint proposal by
7704:
7250:
7158:
7108:
6867:
6200:
6195:
5216:
4794:
4784:
4774:
4166:
3756:
3729:
1825:. According to legend, the El Torito CD/DVD extension to ISO 9660 got its name because its design originated in an
689:
383:
197:
1896:
emulation) or an arbitrary number if the BIOS should not provide emulation. Emulation is useful for booting older
7516:
7461:
7240:
7225:
7205:
6483:
5903:
5399:
5121:
2714:
2525:
1915:. While the El Torito spec alludes to a "Mac" platform ID, PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh computers don't use it.
629:
735:(ISO). Since the specification is available for anybody to purchase, implementations have been written for many
7564:
7471:
7260:
7235:
6447:
6442:
5303:
4859:
4712:
4615:
4560:
4435:
4291:
4060:
2374:
2005:
1573:
922:
870:
576:
3396:
1641:
Longer file names (up to 255 bytes) and fewer restrictions on allowed characters (support for lowercase, etc.)
2823:
2468:"Working Paper for Information Processing: Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange".
2443:"ISO 9660:1988(en), Information processing – Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange"
7709:
7118:
6660:
6650:
6645:
6220:
6205:
6145:
5579:
5574:
5534:
4958:
4914:
4896:
4595:
4585:
4040:
3364:
2782:
2370:
1912:
500:
369:
336:
3667:
3623:
3604:
7714:
7668:
7436:
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6555:
5973:
5554:
5358:
5340:
4804:
4769:
4707:
4186:
4006:
3870:
3800:
758:, where it was eventually accepted as ISO 9660:1988. Subsequent amendments to the standard were published
728:
528:
376:
150:
145:
2870:
957:) was released in May 1986, defining a file system for CD-ROMs commonly known as the High Sierra Format.
7699:
6857:
6720:
6367:
5741:
5589:
5559:
5452:
5442:
5403:
5395:
5206:
5201:
5174:
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4409:
4361:
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4111:
4001:
3914:
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3722:
3557:
3498:
2614:
2487:
2412:
2275:
2177:
1589:
1393:
1339:
1123:
747:
682:
637:
493:
486:
1436:
There are several extensions to ISO 9660 that relax some of its limitations. Notable examples include
781:
There are several extensions to ISO 9660 that relax some of its limitations. Notable examples include
765:
The first 16 sectors of the file system are empty and reserved for other uses. The rest begins with a
7615:
7521:
7255:
7230:
7073:
6914:
6352:
6155:
6028:
5811:
5211:
5126:
5014:
4975:
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4519:
4508:
4483:
4420:
4124:
3941:
3931:
3887:
3852:
3684:
3570:
2984:"Phoenix announces bootable CD-ROM specification; Specification developed jointly by Phoenix and IBM"
2507:(corrected ed.). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 1 September 1988.
2327:
2309:
2267:
2249:
2129:
1822:
1119:
999:
608:
587:
572:
362:
7689:
7456:
7195:
5136:
5131:
5019:
4965:
4904:
4493:
4161:
4102:
4018:
2422:
2407:
1577:
1078:, a CD-ROM may contain an alternative file system descriptor in this area, and it is often used by
437:
3152:
2334:
Extensions. Level 3 is not currently supported, although users have been able to mount these discs
1864:). The initial two authors were Curtis Stevens, of Phoenix Technologies, and Stan Merkin, of IBM.
1592:
with SUSP; so that, with care, a volume can use both Apple extensions as well as RRIP extensions.
7401:
7336:
5676:
5267:
5062:
5009:
4871:
4834:
4747:
4473:
4463:
4448:
4389:
4219:
3882:
3875:
3862:
3815:
2888:
2196:
2192:
1971:
in sector 17, offset 40 bytes. As a result of this, the volume name is limited to 16 characters.
1830:
1663:
1115:
751:
714:
172:
140:
40:
27:
1019:
934:
3641:
3438:
2929:
2611:
Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry—and Made Himself the Richest Man in America
2184:. The volume descriptor table retains the ISO9660 layout, but the identifier has been updated.
2045:
disk, the lack of code page indication will cause non-ASCII characters in file names to become
902:
6230:
4824:
4764:
4600:
4286:
4256:
4248:
4117:
4013:
3988:
3810:
3528:
3501:
3021:
2618:
2578:
2544:
1979:
1931:
1615:
semantics. The availability of these extension properties allows for better integration with
938:
930:
874:
613:
543:
479:
1005:
In 2019, ECMA published a 4th version of ECMA-119, integrating the Joliet text as "Annex C".
6964:
6705:
6033:
5141:
5076:
4844:
4752:
4550:
4200:
4144:
3833:
3456:
2521:
2105:
1934:
1897:
1759:
1645:
987:
942:
926:
736:
348:
98:
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7200:
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6357:
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6300:
6295:
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5091:
4953:
4866:
4374:
3768:
3524:
3493:
They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators
2837:
2442:
1900:
from a CD, by making it appear to them as if they were booted from a hard or floppy disk.
1633:
1396:
on disc is stored in a 32 bit value, it allows for a maximum length of just over 4.2
3652:
3381:
2340:
supports the "AS" extensions (which preserve the Amiga protection bits and file comments)
2195:
are a common way to electronically transfer the contents of CD-ROMs. They often have the
1685:: Rock Ridge extensions in-use indicator (note: dropped from standard after version 1.09)
1349:
The standard specifies three nested levels of interchange (paraphrased from section 10):
5106:
3196:
3174:
1982:; Microsoft recommends the use of the Joliet extension for developers targeting Windows.
1789:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
850:, which led to every CD-ROM maker creating its own format. In order to develop a CD-ROM
6862:
6610:
6422:
6285:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
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1465:
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233:
217:
213:
165:
3421:
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7531:
7526:
7371:
7316:
7285:
7275:
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7043:
7023:
7001:
6986:
6939:
6904:
6847:
6842:
6832:
6710:
6655:
6630:
6625:
6605:
6478:
6018:
5594:
5457:
5427:
5282:
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4829:
4503:
4443:
4302:
3491:
3350:
3270:
2606:
2097:
1790:
1659:
1473:
1405:
1023:
898:
847:
842:
818:
595:
535:
3562:
This is the ECMA release of the ISO 9660:1988 standard, available as a free download
2080:) properties to the filesystem. Some of the additional metadata properties include:
1368:
The standard also specifies the following name restrictions (sections 7.5 and 7.6):
1330:
7511:
7481:
7341:
6685:
6680:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6452:
6397:
6347:
6280:
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6210:
6140:
6135:
6130:
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6120:
6078:
6043:
5953:
5948:
5776:
5584:
5350:
5324:
5232:
4948:
4656:
4244:
4211:
4149:
4129:
3482:
3014:"Fresh Tortillas and CD-ROM Standards: The El Torito Bootable CD-ROM Specification"
2690:"Standard ECMA-119: Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"
2673:"Standard ECMA-119: Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"
2259:
2165:
2116:
For operating systems which do not support any extensions, a name translation file
1449:
833:
829:
794:
521:
192:
135:
112:
5030:
3693:
3248:
2218:
Operating systems that support ISO 9660 and its extensions include the following:
7486:
7183:
7178:
7173:
6757:
6674:
5646:
5196:
4646:
3745:
3486:
2734:
2583:
2357:
2295:
2128:
text file. Each line contains three fields, separated by an arbitrary amount of
2000:
1893:
1873:
1672:
1612:
1417:
851:
720:
3707:
3582:
2164:
standard is an extension to the ISO 9660 format that adds support for multiple
1762:, an Amiga software which Angela Schmidt developed together with Patrick Ohly.
7476:
7381:
7088:
7063:
6827:
6782:
6518:
6175:
5988:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5831:
5806:
5681:
5437:
5287:
5271:
5263:
4924:
4722:
3701:
2908:
2331:
2305:
2289:
2263:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2038:
1938:
1869:
1755:
1628:
1027:
618:
410:
340:
2756:
2548:
2153:
still exists in many ISO 9660 implementations, particularly those related to
1851:
1838:
840:, the lowest level format for these type of compact discs was defined in the
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7605:
7595:
7556:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7376:
7366:
7351:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7270:
7215:
7210:
7190:
7168:
7148:
7103:
7083:
7038:
7033:
7028:
6996:
6959:
6949:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6909:
6894:
6889:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6787:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6752:
6747:
6695:
6690:
6670:
6640:
6615:
6600:
6570:
6523:
6513:
6493:
6488:
6473:
6468:
6382:
6103:
6098:
5993:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5248:
4879:
4620:
4498:
4229:
4097:
4092:
2417:
2271:
2161:
2041:"CDFS" drivers. When a Windows installation of a different language opens a
2034:
1927:
1885:
1826:
1653:
1620:
1581:
1079:
910:
906:
643:
464:
406:
312:
308:
288:
280:
245:
50:
2986:(Press release). Phoenix Technologies Ltd. 11 November 1994. Archived from
1775:
3517:
2946:
1016:
The following is the rough overall structure of the ISO 9660 file system.
120:
7280:
7058:
6762:
6590:
6427:
6402:
6377:
6362:
6337:
6332:
6215:
6190:
6185:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6150:
6115:
6110:
6093:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6038:
6023:
6013:
6008:
5998:
5983:
5978:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5908:
5893:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5826:
5821:
5801:
5796:
5786:
5781:
5771:
5766:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5721:
5711:
5604:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
4697:
4641:
4610:
4399:
4080:
3973:
3926:
3820:
3595:
3162:
3122:
3096:
2206:
is less common, but also in use) and are commonly referred to as "ISOs".
2073:
2046:
1397:
1360:
of multiple non-contiguous sections (with some restrictions as to order).
1304:
1300:
550:
445:
402:
284:
276:
229:
225:
221:
84:
3297:"Haiku Source Tree, src/add-ons/kernel/file_systems/iso9660/iso9660.cpp"
2313:
2139:
The ISO 9660 filename (including the usually hidden ";1" for files); and
7569:
7361:
7346:
7143:
7133:
7123:
6899:
6715:
6665:
6560:
6548:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5614:
5569:
5564:
5549:
5544:
5539:
4651:
4625:
4452:
4085:
4055:
3946:
3902:
3653:"Amiga Extensions on Rock Ridge: "Documents related to MakeCD program""
3158:
3068:
2389:
2379:
2337:
2030:
2015:
2010:
1995:
1959:
1955:
1877:
1814:
1747:
1649:
1623:
operating systems. The standard takes its name from the fictional town
1457:
1445:
1413:
1409:
1075:
995:
991:
918:
890:
802:
790:
450:
344:
331:
324:
320:
300:
296:
257:
241:
7431:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7078:
7053:
6981:
6837:
6822:
6802:
6797:
6742:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6620:
6585:
6432:
6083:
5898:
5462:
5189:
5163:
4661:
4570:
4565:
4369:
4070:
2893:
2361:
2348:
2230:
2226:
2065:
1950:
1746:
is similar to RRIP, except it provides additional properties used by
1303:
is used for managing code sets that are wider than 8 bytes, and that
837:
724:
473:
469:
430:
397:
355:
292:
272:
253:
201:
3590:
6919:
3661:"The "El Torito" Bootable CD-ROM Format Specification, Version 1.0"
237:
7466:
7441:
7163:
7048:
6700:
6565:
6437:
6412:
6407:
6387:
5761:
5731:
5726:
5447:
5432:
5422:
5417:
5184:
5179:
4919:
4717:
4702:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4580:
4575:
4513:
4394:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4276:
4266:
4171:
4139:
4033:
4028:
4023:
3919:
3847:
3795:
3702:
US Patent 5758352 - Common name space for long and short filenames
3043:
2323:
2298:: ISO Level 1 and 2 support via the HS.FST File System Translator.
2281:
2125:
1990:
1985:
1968:
1946:
1904:
1751:
1609:
1469:
1421:
1329:
1087:
814:
456:
423:
304:
268:
209:
3519:
CD ROM - The New Papyrus: The current and future state of the art
7113:
6976:
6969:
6635:
6580:
6180:
5791:
5329:
4590:
4555:
4545:
4540:
4478:
4414:
4384:
4379:
4315:
4310:
4281:
4190:
4181:
4134:
4075:
4045:
3936:
3907:
3897:
3892:
3857:
3839:
3608:
2961:
2488:"Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"
2366:
2353:
2317:
2170:
2154:
1908:
1616:
1605:
1488:
1343:
1131:
249:
205:
5354:
5034:
3718:
3714:
3123:"Windows NT Support For Long File Names Under CDFS File System"
2505:
Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange
2274:
may also mistake UDF format for CDFS. for more information see
2266:, and newer Windows versions, can read ISO 9660 Level 1, 2, 3,
1248:
Supplementary volume descriptor, or enhanced volume descriptor
7600:
7290:
6342:
5147:
4196:
4176:
4065:
3967:
2343:
2222:
2181:
1818:
1769:
1401:
1312:
length of a file and directory identifier is maximized to 207.
860:
Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange
263:
3422:"The Virtual GS: Using ISO disk images in Apple II emulators"
2947:"CDFS The Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP, IEEE P1282)"
2037:. This format is built around the workings of Windows 9x and
1903:
El Torito can also be used to produce CDs which can boot up
1787:
about relationship to FAT filesystem, operation under UEFI.
914:
2871:"kern/95222: File sections on ISO9660 level 3 CDs ignored"
1118:
for the data area, describing its content (similar to the
2304:
7 to 9: ISO Level 1, 2. Optional free software supports
1500:
SUSP defines several common tags and system use fields:
1278:
for indicating the end of the descriptor sequence. The
3271:"hsfs - High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system"
960:
A draft version of this proposal was submitted to the
3689:(see int 13h in interrupt.b, esp. functions 4a to 4d)
3382:"Birth Announcement: ISO/IEC 13346 and ISO/IEC 13490"
2818:
2816:
2757:"JIS X 0606:1998 / ISO 9660:1999 Draft Specification"
1958:
characters in length. However, the documentation for
1270:
An ISO 9660 compliant disc must contain at least one
2447:
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
2382:
supports only ISO 9660 Interchange levels 1–3, with
1554:: Apple extension, old (length attribute is missing)
1212:
Standard volume descriptor types are the following:
885:). Present at the meeting were representatives from
7583:
7309:
6461:
5410:
5317:
5296:
5241:
5225:
5156:
5114:
5069:
5002:
4974:
4939:
4895:
4813:
4735:
4688:
4634:
4529:
4434:
4360:
4300:
4243:
4210:
3777:
3347:"Technical Note FL36: Apple Extensions to ISO 9660"
3325:"CD-ROM Discs: Joliet & Romeo Name Definitions"
3277:. SunOS 5.11 / OpenSolaris 2009.06. 1 November 2006
2810:
ISO 9660, Amendment 2 (ISO 9660:1988/Amd.2:2020(E))
2769:
ISO 9660, Amendment 1 (ISO 9660:1988/Amd.1:2013(E))
1356:
Level 2: Files may contain one single file section.
754:as ECMA-119 and submitted for fast tracking to the
95:
90:
79:
74:
56:
46:
26:
3516:
3490:
2136:The file type ("F" for file or "D" for directory);
417:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
3515:Lambert, Steve; Ropiequet, Suzanne, eds. (1986).
1286:In addition to the primary volume descriptor(s),
1022:values can be stored in three different formats:
2731:"Chip's CD Media Resource Center: CD-ROM page 6"
2142:The extended filename, which may contain spaces.
3453:"The OpenVMS Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)"
3229:. Mac OS X Version 10.7.4. Apple. 18 March 2011
2076:(the primary contemporary file systems for the
1668:Deeper directory hierarchy (more than 8 levels)
3397:"What Is An ISO File (And How Do I Use Them)?"
1930:and has been supported by all versions of its
733:International Organization for Standardization
5366:
5046:
3730:
3197:"Is Microsoft's Joliet filesystem supported?"
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
2516:
2514:
1975:systems which can read Joliet media include:
690:
16:File system for CD-R and CD-ROM optical discs
8:
3579:"Description of data structures in ISO-9660"
2777:
2775:
1381:File names shall not have more than one dot.
1334:Overview of the ISO 9660 directory structure
21:
2541:National Information Standards Organization
1440:(Unix-style permissions and longer names),
1400:(more precisely, one byte less than 4
962:European Computer Manufacturers Association
864:National Information Standards Organization
785:(Unix-style permissions and longer names),
5373:
5359:
5351:
5053:
5039:
5031:
4817:
4533:
4297:
3783:
3737:
3723:
3715:
3146:
3144:
2909:"Arbitrary Attribute Interchange Protocol"
1926:is an extension specified and endorsed by
1384:Directory names shall not use dots at all.
697:
683:
108:
20:
3439:"Work with PC-created Joliet Level 3 CDs"
3129:. Microsoft. 1 November 2006. MSKB 142372
3020:. Vol. 8, no. 7. Archived from
3007:
3005:
2695:(reprinted 2nd ed.). September 1998
2499:
2497:
3698:, discusses shortcomings of the standard
3567:"Summary of the ISO 9660 Specifications"
3427:. Juiced.GS Volume 9, Issue 2. May 2004.
1525:: System use sharing protocol terminator
1214:
1166:
1136:
1037:
3635:"RRIP (IEEE P1282) Draft Standard 1.12"
3617:"SUSP (IEEE P1281) Draft Standard 1.12"
2923:"RRIP (IEEE P1282) Draft Standard 1.12"
2434:
2248:: can read ISO 9660 Level 1, 2, 3, and
1911:bootloader on the CD and following the
1519:: System use sharing protocol indicator
669:High-definition optical disc format war
111:
3605:"RRIP History: About Young Minds, Inc"
3103:. Microsoft. 11 July 2005. MSKB 125630
2526:"CD-ROM Standards: The Fate of Z39.60"
2064:authored a set of extensions that add
1464:(file characteristics specific to the
945:. The meeting report evolved from the
809:(file characteristics specific to the
508:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
391:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
2558:from the original on 18 November 2016
7:
3694:"EL Torito Specification Supplement"
2824:"ISO9660 Simplified for DOS/Windows"
2579:"Premium Reference Tool of the '90s"
2490:. Ecma International. December 1987.
1907:operating systems, by including the
1637:. The RRIP extensions are, briefly:
966:International Standards Organization
3069:"Bootable hybrid (ISO/HFS) CD-ROMs"
2577:Helliwell, John (14 October 1986).
1064:Path tables, directories and files
3680:(see isolinux.asm line 294 onward)
2650:(3). Atari Explorer Publications:
2288:: ISO 9660 Level 1, 2, 3, Joliet,
2225:: access with extensions, such as
1813:is an extension designed to allow
1608:P1282) is an extension which adds
14:
3097:"Joliet Specification for CD-ROM"
2403:Comparison of disc image software
1541:Other known SUSP fields include:
1274:describing the file system and a
1264:Volume descriptor set terminator
1158:Volume descriptor set terminator
877:. This group became known as the
773:describing the file system and a
742:ISO 9660 traces its roots to the
7664:
7663:
5105:
3175:"5 Appendix A: Product Behavior"
2326:(all versions): ISO Level 1, 2,
2108:that are able to read ISO 9660.
1774:
1288:supplementary volume descriptors
1280:volume descriptor set terminator
1276:volume descriptor set terminator
1168:Volume descriptor (2,048 bytes)
1112:volume descriptor set terminator
775:volume descriptor set terminator
664:History of optical storage media
384:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
119:
2533:Information Standards Quarterly
1602:Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol
5087:Common Language Infrastructure
3591:"ISO 9660 Analyzer Tool (iat)"
3455:. Hoffman Labs. Archived from
2960:Angela Schmidt, Patrick Ohly.
2850:ISO9660 sections 6.9 and 9.4.4
2716:The Invention of Compact Discs
2678:(1st ed.). December 1986.
1476:, file backup date and more).
1232:Boot record volume descriptor
1216:Basic volume descriptor types
1114:. These collectively act as a
821:, file backup date and more).
1:
3685:"Ralf Brown's interrupt list"
3640:. 8 July 1994. Archived from
3622:. 8 July 1994. Archived from
3395:Gavin, Brady (25 June 2018).
3195:Jeff Tranter (18 July 2001).
2928:. 8 July 1994. Archived from
2638:Anderson, Gregg (June 1987).
2229:(Microsoft CDROM Extension),
2180:(UDF), which was adopted for
1389:implement the full standard.
895:Digital Equipment Corporation
727:media. The file system is an
370:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
1548:: Apple extension, preferred
1256:Volume partition descriptor
759:
377:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
4910:Filesystem-level encryption
3249:"FreeBSD 3.2 Release Notes"
3227:BSD General Commands Manual
2962:"Amiga MakeCD Support Page"
2470:Optical Information Systems
1485:System Use Sharing Protocol
1432:Extensions and improvements
1424:supports multiple extents.
1292:enhanced volume descriptors
529:Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
515:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
494:Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
62:; 36 years ago
7746:
5217:Holographic Versatile Disc
3757:Comparison of file systems
2093:Flags and data for display
1240:Primary volume descriptor
951:High Sierra Group Proposal
363:Universal Media Disc (UMD)
7730:Windows disk file systems
7659:
5392:
5338:
5122:Advanced Intelligent Tape
5103:
4820:
4536:
3786:
3752:
2476:(1): 29–49. January 1987.
2312:(including ISO Level 3):
2149:Native support for using
1462:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
1272:primary volume descriptor
1196:5 bytes (always 'CD001')
1053:
923:Reference Technology Inc.
807:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
771:primary volume descriptor
630:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
438:Personal Video Disc (PVD)
7720:Optical computer storage
4860:Extended file attributes
4561:Compact Disc File System
3327:. Apple Inc. 1 June 2007
3275:OpenSolaris Man Page Set
3127:Microsoft Knowledge Base
3101:Microsoft Knowledge Base
2889:"linux/fs/isofs/Kconfig"
2609:; Andrews, Paul (1993).
1852:33.684722°N 117.852547°W
1652:and group ids, and file
1584:, supported by libisofs.
1574:Extended File Attributes
871:Golden Nugget Lake Tahoe
7695:Apple Inc. file systems
4959:Installable File System
1913:Multiboot Specification
1880:) assigned is any of 80
1691:: POSIX file attributes
1560:: Amiga file properties
1106:, a set of one or more
1044:System area (32,768 B)
636:Universal Disk Format (
501:3D optical data storage
480:Video Single Disc (VSD)
7725:Optical disc authoring
5341:List of Ecma standards
5070:Application interfaces
4007:TiVo Media File System
3871:Encrypting File System
3708:"Joliet Specification"
3201:The Linux CD-ROM HOWTO
2859:ISO 9660 section 9.1.4
2640:"The Future of CD-ROM"
2173:in multiple sessions.
1857:33.684722; -117.852547
1821:and BIOS manufacturer
1785:is missing information
1697:: POSIX device numbers
1531:: Extensions reference
1335:
1138:Volume descriptor set
1059:Volume descriptor set
729:international standard
590:(layer jump recording)
156:Recording technologies
146:Optical disc authoring
5297:Radio link interfaces
5242:Programming languages
5207:Ultra Density Optical
4002:Macintosh File System
3499:Little, Brown and Co.
3251:. The FreeBSD Project
2869:Pete (2 April 2006).
2413:List of ISO standards
2270:, and ISO 9660:1999.
2178:Universal Disk Format
1727:: relocated directory
1671:Efficient storage of
1333:
1326:Directories and files
1199:1 byte (always 0x01)
1153:Volume descriptor #N
1143:Volume descriptor #1
1104:volume descriptor set
1094:Volume descriptor set
1039:ISO 9660 file system
767:volume descriptor set
487:Magneto-optical discs
5212:Universal Media Disc
5015:GUID Partition Table
4362:Distributed parallel
4110:Shared File System (
3678:ISOLINUX source code
3673:on 18 February 2008.
3353:on 26 December 2008.
2318:Joliet Volume Access
1823:Phoenix Technologies
1537:: Extension selector
1120:BIOS parameter block
5157:File systems (disk)
5115:File systems (tape)
5020:Apple Partition Map
4966:Virtual file system
4905:Access-control list
4019:NetWare File System
3459:on 19 November 2017
3018:CD-ROM Professional
2792:. Ecma. p. vii
2783:"Standard ECMA-119"
2423:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23
2408:Disk image emulator
2292:, and ISO 9660:1999
2193:Optical disc images
2084:Date of last backup
1848: /
1507:: Continuation area
1456:(enables CDs to be
1217:
1169:
1139:
1090:-specific content.
1040:
801:(enables CDs to be
731:available from the
232:), Super Video CD (
185:Optical media types
23:
5386:by standard number
5063:Ecma International
5010:Master Boot Record
4835:Data deduplication
4474:Google File System
4390:Google File System
3876:Extent File System
3838:Byte File System (
3655:. 5 December 1996.
3485:; Buckland, Gail;
2897:. 23 January 2022.
2790:Ecma International
2197:filename extension
2120:must be used. The
1831:Irvine, California
1739:: sparse file data
1590:forward compatible
1336:
1215:
1167:
1137:
1134:formatted disks).
1110:terminated with a
1108:volume descriptors
1048:Unused by ISO 9660
1038:
937:(later Meridian),
752:Ecma International
744:High Sierra Format
216:, Super Audio CD (
173:Burst cutting area
151:Authoring software
141:Optical disc drive
41:Ecma International
7705:Disk file systems
7677:
7676:
5400:ISO romanizations
5348:
5347:
5028:
5027:
4935:
4934:
4825:Case preservation
4731:
4730:
4430:
4429:
4356:
4355:
4118:Smart File System
3611:on 17 March 2018.
3507:978-0-316-27766-2
3313:. 15 August 2013.
3161:System Manager's
3024:on 8 October 1999
2990:on 10 August 2017
2522:Peters, Paul Evan
2106:operating systems
2029:was developed by
1980:Microsoft Windows
1898:operating systems
1808:
1807:
1268:
1267:
1206:
1205:
1162:
1161:
1068:
1067:
879:High Sierra Group
875:Stateline, Nevada
834:mass data storage
737:operating systems
707:
706:
544:Professional Disc
451:MD Data, MD Data2
345:Mini Blu-ray Disc
107:
106:
99:operating systems
7737:
7667:
7666:
5387:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5352:
5343:(1961 – present)
5142:Linear Tape-Open
5109:
5077:ANSI escape code
5055:
5048:
5041:
5032:
4845:Execute in place
4818:
4551:Boot File System
4534:
4298:
3834:Boot File System
3784:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3716:
3711:
3697:
3688:
3674:
3672:
3666:. Archived from
3665:
3656:
3648:
3647:on 4 April 2017.
3646:
3639:
3630:
3629:on 4 April 2017.
3628:
3621:
3612:
3607:. Archived from
3600:
3586:
3585:on 17 July 2011.
3581:. Archived from
3574:
3569:. Archived from
3561:
3553:
3538:
3522:
3511:
3496:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3441:. 16 April 2004.
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3349:. Archived from
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3171:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3093:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3012:Parker, Dana J.
3009:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2935:on 4 April 2017.
2934:
2927:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2787:
2779:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2733:. Archived from
2727:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2530:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2439:
2205:
2201:
2152:
2124:file is a plain
2123:
2119:
2112:Other extensions
2057:Apple extensions
1935:operating system
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1778:
1770:
1744:Amiga Rock Ridge
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1709:: alternate name
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1294:may be present.
1218:
1170:
1140:
1102:begins with the
1041:
988:Nero Burning ROM
927:Sony Corporation
760:in 2013 and 2020
699:
692:
685:
584:(packet writing)
349:Ultra HD Blu-ray
337:BD-R & BD-RE
123:
109:
70:
68:
63:
24:
7745:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7680:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7655:
7579:
7305:
6457:
5406:
5388:
5385:
5379:
5349:
5344:
5334:
5313:
5292:
5237:
5221:
5152:
5110:
5101:
5092:Office Open XML
5065:
5059:
5029:
5024:
4998:
4970:
4954:File system API
4931:
4891:
4867:File change log
4809:
4785:Record-oriented
4758:Self-certifying
4727:
4684:
4630:
4525:
4426:
4352:
4296:
4239:
4206:
3779:
3773:
3769:Unix filesystem
3748:
3743:
3706:
3692:
3683:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3603:
3589:
3577:
3573:on 27 May 2022.
3565:
3556:
3548:
3545:
3535:
3525:Microsoft Press
3514:
3508:
3481:
3478:
3476:Further reading
3473:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3203:. Revision 1.17
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2877:(Mailing list).
2868:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2737:on 26 July 2019
2729:
2728:
2724:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2617:. p. 336.
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2399:
2233:or CORELCDX.EXE
2212:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2150:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2096:Reference to a
2059:
2024:
1921:
1891:
1883:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1768:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1703:: symbolic link
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1634:Blazing Saddles
1598:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1513:: Padding field
1510:
1504:
1494:system use area
1482:
1448:, allowing non-
1434:
1328:
1319:
1096:
1036:
1014:
827:
793:, allowing non-
712:(also known as
703:
674:
673:
659:
651:
650:
565:
557:
556:
186:
178:
177:
161:Recording modes
131:
97:
80:Max volume size
66:
64:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7743:
7741:
7733:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7710:Ecma standards
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7682:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7587:
7585:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
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7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7171:
7166:
7161:
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7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5355:
5346:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5172:
5169:CD File System
5166:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4994:Log-structured
4991:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4897:Access control
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4855:File attribute
4852:
4847:
4842:
4840:Data scrubbing
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4795:Steganographic
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4775:Log-structured
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4194:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4098:Reliance Nitro
4095:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3958:Classic Mac OS
3951:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3829:Be File System
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3675:
3657:
3649:
3631:
3613:
3601:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3554:
3544:
3543:External links
3541:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3512:
3506:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3444:
3430:
3413:
3387:
3373:
3356:
3338:
3316:
3302:
3288:
3262:
3240:
3214:
3187:
3166:
3140:
3114:
3081:
3060:
3035:
3001:
2975:
2952:
2938:
2914:
2900:
2880:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2829:
2812:
2803:
2771:
2762:
2748:
2722:
2706:
2681:
2664:
2630:
2623:
2607:Manes, Stephen
2598:
2569:
2510:
2493:
2479:
2460:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2377:
2364:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2321:
2302:Classic Mac OS
2299:
2293:
2279:
2256:Windows NT 4.0
2252:
2234:
2211:
2208:
2189:
2186:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2113:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2078:classic Mac OS
2062:Apple Computer
2058:
2055:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1943:Windows NT 4.0
1920:
1917:
1889:
1888:emulation), 00
1881:
1829:restaurant in
1806:
1805:
1799:September 2023
1782:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1741:
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1660:Symbolic links
1656:
1642:
1597:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1580:. Proposed by
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1539:
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1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1481:
1478:
1474:resource forks
1466:classic Mac OS
1433:
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1386:
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1086:-specific and
1084:classic Mac OS
1076:bootable media
1066:
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1056:
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1051:
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1045:
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1013:
1012:Specifications
1010:
887:Apple Computer
826:
823:
819:resource forks
811:classic Mac OS
705:
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347:, 4K Blu-ray (
330:Blu-ray Disc (
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214:5.1 Music Disc
191:Compact disc (
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103:Cross platform
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7715:ISO standards
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5416:
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5413:
5409:
5405:
5404:IEC standards
5401:
5397:
5396:ISO standards
5391:
5383:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5364:
5362:
5357:
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5353:
5342:
5337:
5331:
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5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Minimal BASIC
5281:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
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5250:
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5090:
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5080:
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5072:
5068:
5064:
5061:Standards of
5056:
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5044:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
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5005:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:Cryptographic
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4967:
4964:
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4955:
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4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:Copy-on-write
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4819:
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4812:
4806:
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4801:
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4796:
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4324:
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4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
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4306:
4304:
4303:wear leveling
4299:
4293:
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4285:
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4280:
4278:
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3483:Evans, Harold
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2543:(NISO): 1–3.
2542:
2538:
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2524:(July 1989).
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2099:
2098:resource fork
2095:
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2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
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1792:
1786:
1783:This section
1781:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1721:: parent link
1717:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:to be used),
1451:
1450:Latin scripts
1447:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:InfraRecorder
1403:
1399:
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1043:
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1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:little-endian
1021:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
980:
977:
975:
974:ISO 9660:1988
971:
970:fast tracking
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
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916:
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872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
839:
835:
831:
830:Compact discs
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
797:to be used),
796:
795:Latin scripts
792:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
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695:
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631:
628:
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623:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
601:
600:File systems
599:
597:
596:Rainbow Books
594:
589:
586:
583:
582:Mount Rainier
580:
579:
578:
574:
571:
568:
567:
561:
560:
553:
552:
548:
546:
545:
541:
539:
537:
536:Archival Disc
533:
531:
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517:
516:
512:
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228:), Video CD (
227:
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122:
118:
117:
114:
113:Optical discs
110:
102:
100:
94:
89:
86:
82:
78:
73:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
31:
29:
25:
19:
7700:Compact disc
7522:27000 series
6417:
5233:Universal 3D
5168:
4949:File manager
4518:
4419:
4245:Flash memory
4224:
4212:Optical disc
4150:soft updates
4130:Soup (Apple)
3780:non-rotating
3746:File systems
3668:the original
3642:the original
3624:the original
3609:the original
3594:
3583:the original
3571:the original
3518:
3492:
3487:Lefer, David
3461:. Retrieved
3457:the original
3447:
3433:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3400:
3390:
3376:
3359:
3351:the original
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3319:
3305:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3274:
3265:
3253:. Retrieved
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3226:
3223:"hdiutil(1)"
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3200:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3169:
3131:. Retrieved
3126:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3100:
3072:. Retrieved
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3022:the original
3017:
2992:. Retrieved
2988:the original
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2955:
2941:
2930:the original
2917:
2903:
2892:
2883:
2875:freebsd-bugs
2874:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2832:
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2789:
2765:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2735:the original
2725:
2715:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2684:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2647:
2643:
2633:
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2582:
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2536:
2532:
2504:
2482:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2446:
2437:
2383:
2260:Windows 2000
2217:
2213:
2191:
2175:
2159:
2148:
2145:
2115:
2102:
2090:Creator code
2060:
2051:
2042:
2026:
2025:
1973:
1965:
1923:
1922:
1902:
1866:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1784:
1743:
1742:
1733:: time stamp
1715:: child link
1677:
1673:sparse files
1664:device files
1658:Support for
1632:
1624:
1601:
1599:
1587:
1576:, including
1540:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1461:
1453:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1391:
1387:
1367:
1363:
1348:
1337:
1320:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1211:
1207:
1202:2,041 bytes
1163:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1071:
1069:
1047:
1018:
1015:
1007:
1004:
981:
978:
973:
969:
959:
954:
950:
946:
882:
878:
868:
859:
855:
841:
828:
806:
798:
786:
782:
780:
774:
770:
766:
764:
743:
741:
725:optical disc
713:
709:
708:
603:
549:
542:
534:
527:
522:Hyper CD-ROM
520:
513:
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
462:
455:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
329:
262:
224:, CD Video (
190:
136:Optical disc
28:Developer(s)
18:
7310:20000–29999
6462:10000–19999
5144:(Ultrium-1)
4915:Permissions
4530:Specialized
3762:distributed
3463:1 September
3406:23 December
3401:How-To Geek
3044:"El-Torito"
2964:(in German)
2741:24 November
2699:30 December
2657:18 November
2591:18 November
2584:PC Magazine
2562:18 November
2453:17 December
2449:. ISO. 1988
2358:eComStation
2296:Apple GS/OS
2188:Disc images
2001:OpenSolaris
1894:floppy disk
1874:floppy disk
1855: /
1843:117°51′09″W
1644:UNIX-style
1613:file system
1418:Roxio Toast
1416:as well as
1317:Path tables
1179:Identifier
1072:system area
947:Yellow Book
852:file system
843:Yellow Book
721:file system
463:LaserDisc (
7690:Amiga APIs
7684:Categories
7089:16949 (TS)
6686:11941 (TR)
5384:standards
5288:Full BASIC
5272:ECMAScript
5264:JavaScript
4941:Interfaces
4925:Sticky bit
4805:Versioning
4770:Journaling
4713:Rubberhose
4509:SMB (CIFS)
4301:host-side
3558:"ECMA-119"
3550:"ISO 9660"
3153:mkisofs(8)
3028:31 January
2994:31 January
2429:References
2386:extensions
2332:Rock Ridge
2314:Joke Ridge
2306:Rock Ridge
2290:Rock Ridge
2264:Windows XP
2254:Microsoft
2246:Windows ME
2242:Windows 98
2238:Windows 95
2236:Microsoft
2231:NWCDEX.EXE
2227:MSCDEX.EXE
2130:whitespace
2039:Windows NT
1939:Windows 95
1870:image file
1840:33°41′05″N
1756:batch file
1654:timestamps
1646:file modes
1629:Mel Brooks
1625:Rock Ridge
1596:Rock Ridge
1572:: records
1472:, such as
1460:) and the
1438:Rock Ridge
1080:hybrid CDs
1054:Data area
1028:big-endian
1020:Multi-byte
968:(ISO) for
935:VideoTools
854:standard (
817:, such as
805:) and the
783:Rock Ridge
619:Rock Ridge
588:Mount Fuji
444:MiniDisc (
411:HD DVD-RAM
341:Blu-ray 3D
57:Introduced
7044:15926 WIP
6408:9592/9593
6333:9000/9001
6221:8805/8806
5137:Super DLT
4800:Synthetic
4743:Clustered
4690:Encrypted
4621:OverlayFS
4230:ISO 13490
3806:Amiga OFS
3801:Amiga FFS
3074:3 January
3053:3 January
2838:"ISO9660"
2796:16 August
2615:Doubleday
2587:: 150–164
2549:1041-0031
2418:Hybrid CD
2272:Windows 7
2210:Platforms
2162:ISO 13490
2151:TRANS.TBL
2122:TRANS.TBL
2118:TRANS.TBL
2087:File type
2035:code page
1928:Microsoft
1886:hard disk
1827:El Torito
1811:El Torito
1791:talk page
1766:El Torito
1621:Unix-like
1582:libburnia
1454:El Torito
1100:data area
1082:to offer
1034:Top level
986:(such as
911:Microsoft
907:Microware
903:LaserData
836:. Called
799:El Torito
644:ISO 13490
625:El Torito
564:Standards
407:HD DVD-RW
313:DVD-Video
246:CD-ROM XA
96:Supported
51:ISO 13490
7669:Category
5394:List of
5226:Graphics
4885:Symbolic
4814:Features
4790:Semantic
4698:eCryptfs
4642:configfs
4611:SquashFS
4499:POHMELFS
4400:OrangeFS
4225:ISO 9660
4145:UFS/UFS2
4093:Reliance
4081:ReiserFS
3927:Files-11
3821:bcachefs
3778:Disk and
3596:Freecode
3489:(2004).
3180:13 April
2644:Explorer
2553:Archived
2397:See also
2204:.iso9660
2166:sessions
2047:Mojibake
1650:user ids
1458:bootable
1305:ISO 2375
1301:ISO 2022
1182:Version
1122:used by
931:TMS Inc.
891:AT&T
803:bootable
710:ISO 9660
658:See also
604:ISO 9660
551:DataPlay
403:HD DVD-R
289:DVD+R DS
285:DVD-R DS
281:DVD+R DL
277:DVD-R DL
222:Photo CD
47:Variants
22:ISO 9660
7570:29199-2
7442:23094-2
7437:23094-1
7427:23090-3
7296:19794-5
7291:19775-1
7079:16612-2
7069:16355-1
6758:13406-2
6716:12234-2
6484:10118-3
5325:ECMA-35
5249:C++/CLI
5097:OpenXPS
5003:Layouts
4989:Default
4652:debugfs
4626:UnionFS
4520:more...
4453:OpenAFS
4421:more...
4086:Reiser4
4056:OpenZFS
3947:HAMMER2
3903:ext3cow
3883:Episode
3331:20 July
3159:FreeBSD
2968:4 April
2390:RISC OS
2380:OpenVMS
2338:AmigaOS
2031:Adaptec
2016:RISC OS
2011:AmigaOS
1996:FreeBSD
1969:UCS-2BE
1960:mkisofs
1956:Unicode
1932:Windows
1878:INT 13H
1815:booting
1748:AmigaOS
1631:' film
1604:(RRIP,
1487:(SUSP,
1446:Unicode
1414:mkisofs
1410:ImgBurn
1340:extents
1193:1 byte
996:ImgBurn
992:mkisofs
919:Philips
899:Hitachi
897:(DEC),
862:), the
838:CD-ROMs
825:History
791:Unicode
719:) is a
325:MiniDVD
321:EcoDisc
301:DVD-RAM
258:Mini CD
242:CD-Text
130:General
83:8
65: (
7584:30000+
6423:9797-1
6231:8820-5
6176:8501-1
5732:1073-2
5727:1073-1
5411:1–9999
5259:Eiffel
5190:FAT16B
5171:(CDFS)
5164:CD-ROM
4876:Links
4850:Extent
4780:Object
4748:Global
4666:specfs
4662:procfs
4657:kernfs
4635:Pseudo
4616:UMSDOS
4571:Davfs2
4566:cramfs
4504:Hadoop
4484:Lustre
4370:BeeGFS
4336:NILFS2
4071:QNX4FS
4034:NILFS2
3942:HAMMER
3932:Fossil
3531:
3504:
3281:29 May
3255:29 May
3233:29 May
3207:29 May
3163:Manual
3133:29 May
3107:29 May
2894:GitHub
2621:
2547:
2362:ArcaOS
2349:ULTRIX
2328:Joliet
2310:Joliet
2268:Joliet
2250:Joliet
2066:ProDOS
1951:UTF-16
1937:since
1924:Joliet
1919:Joliet
1760:MakeCD
1442:Joliet
1394:extent
1221:Value
1116:header
1000:Joliet
943:Yelick
941:, and
856:Z39.60
787:Joliet
621:/ SUSP
609:Joliet
474:LV-ROM
470:LD-ROM
431:GD-ROM
398:HD DVD
356:M-DISC
297:DVD+RW
293:DVD-RW
254:MIL-CD
202:CD-ROM
75:Limits
7651:80000
7646:56000
7641:55000
7636:50001
7631:45001
7626:42010
7621:40500
7616:39075
7611:38500
7606:37001
7601:32000
7596:31000
7591:30170
7575:29500
7565:29148
7561:29110
7557:28000
7552:27729
7547:27006
7542:27005
7537:27002
7532:27001
7527:27000
7517:26324
7512:26300
7507:26262
7502:26000
7497:25964
7492:25178
7487:24728
7482:24707
7477:24617
7472:24613
7467:24517
7462:23941
7457:23360
7452:23271
7447:23270
7432:23092
7422:23009
7417:23008
7412:23003
7407:23000
7402:22537
7397:22395
7392:22301
7387:22300
7382:22275
7377:22000
7372:21827
7367:21500
7362:21122
7357:21047
7352:21001
7347:21000
7342:20830
7337:20802
7332:20400
7327:20121
7322:20022
7317:20000
7301:19831
7286:19770
7281:19757
7276:19752
7271:19600
7266:19510
7261:19509
7256:19508
7251:19507
7246:19506
7241:19505
7236:19503
7231:19502
7226:19501
7221:19500
7216:19439
7211:19407
7206:19136
7201:19125
7196:19115
7191:19114
7174:19092
7169:19011
7164:19005
7159:18916
7154:18629
7149:18245
7144:18181
7139:18014
7134:18004
7129:17799
7124:17506
7119:17442
7114:17369
7109:17203
7104:17100
7099:17025
7094:17024
7084:16750
7074:16485
7064:16262
7059:16023
7054:15938
7049:15930
7039:15926
7034:15924
7029:15919
7024:15897
7019:15707
7007:15706
7002:15693
6997:15686
6992:15511
6987:15504
6982:15438
6977:15445
6960:15444
6955:15408
6950:15398
6945:15291
6940:15288
6935:15189
6930:15022
6925:14971
6920:14882
6915:14764
6910:14698
6905:14651
6900:14649
6895:14644
6890:14617
6838:14496
6833:14443
6828:14396
6823:14289
6818:14224
6813:14031
6808:14000
6803:13818
6798:13816
6793:13616
6788:13584
6783:13568
6778:13567
6773:13490
6768:13485
6763:13450
6753:13399
6748:13250
6743:13216
6726:13211
6721:12620
6711:12207
6706:12182
6701:12052
6696:12006
6691:11992
6681:11941
6671:11940
6666:11898
6661:11889
6656:11801
6651:11785
6646:11784
6641:11783
6636:11544
6631:11404
6626:11179
6621:11172
6616:11170
6611:11073
6606:10967
6601:10962
6596:10957
6591:10861
6586:10746
6581:10664
6576:10646
6571:10628
6566:10589
6561:10585
6556:10383
6524:10303
6519:10279
6514:10218
6509:10206
6504:10179
6499:10165
6494:10161
6489:10160
6479:10116
6474:10007
6469:10006
5318:Other
5185:FAT16
5180:FAT12
4976:Lists
4920:Modes
4765:Flash
4736:Types
4718:SSHFS
4703:EncFS
4680:WinFS
4675:tmpfs
4670:sysfs
4647:devfs
4581:FTPFS
4576:EROFS
4514:SSHFS
4395:OCFS2
4348:UBIFS
4343:YAFFS
4331:NILFS
4326:LogFS
4321:JFFS2
4277:EROFS
4267:exFAT
4172:Xiafs
4155:WAPBL
4140:UBIFS
4051:OneFS
4029:NILFS
4024:Next3
4014:MINIX
3920:exFAT
3848:Btrfs
3816:AthFS
3796:AdvFS
3671:(PDF)
3664:(PDF)
3645:(PDF)
3638:(PDF)
3627:(PDF)
3620:(PDF)
3425:(PDF)
3368:(PDF)
3048:OSDev
2933:(PDF)
2926:(PDF)
2786:(PDF)
2693:(PDF)
2676:(PDF)
2556:(PDF)
2539:(3).
2529:(PDF)
2375:Haiku
2324:macOS
2282:Linux
2126:ASCII
2043:Romeo
2027:Romeo
2022:Romeo
2006:Haiku
1991:macOS
1986:Linux
1947:UCS-2
1905:Linux
1872:of a
1752:Amiga
1610:POSIX
1470:macOS
1422:Linux
1224:Type
1190:Size
1185:Data
1176:Type
1173:Part
1088:macOS
939:Xebec
873:) in
848:files
815:macOS
614:Romeo
573:ATAPI
457:Hi-MD
424:VCDHD
309:DVD-A
305:DVD-D
273:DVD+R
269:DVD-R
210:CD-RW
198:CD-DA
91:Other
6549:-238
6453:9995
6448:9985
6443:9984
6438:9945
6433:9899
6428:9897
6418:9660
6413:9594
6403:9564
6398:9529
6393:9506
6388:9496
6383:9407
6378:9362
6373:9314
6368:9293
6363:9241
6358:9227
6353:9141
6348:9126
6343:9075
6338:9036
6328:8879
6281:-8-I
6236:8859
6226:8807
6216:8691
6211:8652
6206:8651
6201:8632
6196:8613
6191:8601
6186:8583
6181:8571
6171:8373
6166:8217
6161:8178
6156:8093
6151:8000
6146:7942
6141:7816
6136:7813
6131:7812
6126:7811
6121:7810
6116:7736
6111:7637
6099:7498
6094:7200
6089:7185
6084:7098
6079:7064
6074:7027
6069:7010
6064:7002
6059:7001
6054:6943
6049:6709
6044:6523
6039:6438
6034:6429
6029:6425
6024:6385
6019:6373
6014:6346
6009:6344
6004:6166
5999:5964
5994:5807
5989:5800
5984:5776
5979:5775
5974:5725
5969:5428
5964:5427
5959:5426
5954:5218
5949:4909
5944:4217
5939:4165
5934:4157
5929:4031
5924:3977
5919:3950
5914:3901
5909:3864
5904:3602
5899:3601
5894:3307
5889:3297
5867:3166
5862:3103
5857:3029
5852:2921
5847:2852
5842:2848
5837:2788
5832:2720
5827:2711
5822:2709
5817:2533
5812:2281
5807:2240
5802:2146
5797:2145
5792:2108
5787:2047
5782:2033
5777:2022
5772:2015
5767:2014
5762:1989
5757:1745
5752:1629
5747:1538
5742:1413
5737:1155
5722:1007
5717:1004
5712:1000
5535:68-1
5330:JSON
5278:Dart
5082:APIW
4880:Hard
4872:Fork
4753:Grid
4606:MVFS
4601:NOVA
4596:LTFS
4591:Lnfs
4586:FUSE
4556:CDfs
4546:AXFS
4541:Aufs
4479:GPFS
4464:Coda
4415:Xsan
4405:PVFS
4385:GFS2
4380:CXFS
4375:Ceph
4316:JFFS
4311:CHFS
4292:NVFS
4282:F2FS
4272:TFAT
4257:APFS
4247:and
4191:z/OS
4182:Xsan
4167:WAFL
4162:VxFS
4135:Tux3
4125:SNFS
4107:SFS
4076:ReFS
4046:NTFS
3998:MFS
3984:HTFS
3979:HPFS
3974:HFS+
3937:GPFS
3908:ext4
3898:ext3
3893:ext2
3867:EFS
3858:CXFS
3853:CVFS
3840:z/VM
3825:BFS
3811:APFS
3791:ADFS
3529:ISBN
3502:ISBN
3465:2011
3408:2021
3333:2010
3283:2012
3257:2012
3235:2012
3209:2012
3182:2014
3135:2012
3109:2012
3076:2014
3055:2015
3030:2008
2996:2008
2970:2017
2798:2018
2743:2020
2701:2022
2659:2016
2619:ISBN
2593:2016
2564:2016
2545:ISSN
2455:2017
2373:and
2371:Zeta
2367:BeOS
2360:and
2354:OS/2
2330:and
2316:and
2308:and
2284:and
2200:.iso
2182:DVDs
2171:CD-R
2160:The
2155:Unix
2074:HFS+
1949:BE (
1941:and
1909:GRUB
1662:and
1619:and
1617:Unix
1606:IEEE
1600:The
1578:ACLs
1489:IEEE
1480:SUSP
1468:and
1412:and
1344:Unix
1261:255
1148:...
1132:NTFS
1130:and
1128:HPFS
1098:The
1070:The
994:and
955:HSGP
813:and
723:for
717:-119
715:ECMA
538:(AD)
250:CD-i
238:CD+G
234:SVCD
218:SACD
206:CD-R
67:1988
60:1988
6883:-20
6878:-17
6873:-14
6868:-12
6863:-11
6858:-10
6544:-28
6539:-22
6534:-21
6529:-11
6321:-16
6316:-15
6311:-14
6306:-13
6301:-12
6296:-11
6291:-10
5707:999
5702:965
5697:898
5692:860
5687:843
5682:838
5677:764
5672:732
5667:704
5662:690
5657:668
5652:657
5647:646
5615:639
5610:519
5605:518
5600:500
5595:361
5590:306
5585:302
5580:262
5575:261
5570:259
5565:233
5560:228
5555:226
5550:217
5545:216
5540:128
5528:-13
5523:-12
5518:-11
5513:-10
5382:ISO
5309:UWB
5304:NFC
5268:E4X
5202:UDF
5175:FAT
5148:VXA
5132:DLT
5127:DDS
4723:ZFS
4708:EFS
4494:NFS
4489:NCP
4469:DFS
4459:AFP
4449:AFS
4436:NAS
4410:QFS
4287:JFS
4262:FAT
4249:SSD
4235:UDF
4220:HSF
4201:Sun
4197:ZFS
4187:zFS
4177:XFS
4103:RFS
4066:QFS
4061:PFS
4041:NSS
3994:LFS
3989:JFS
3968:MVS
3964:HFS
3954:HFS
3915:FAT
3888:ext
3863:DFS
2344:QNX
2286:BSD
2276:UDF
2223:DOS
2070:HFS
2068:or
1890:hex
1882:hex
1819:IBM
1627:in
1402:GiB
1290:or
1124:FAT
983:JIS
883:HSG
756:ISO
748:FAT
638:UDF
577:MMC
570:SFF
317:HVD
264:DVD
236:),
230:VCD
226:CDV
220:),
37:IEC
33:ISO
7686::
7184:-2
7179:-1
7012:-2
6970:-9
6965:-3
6853:-6
6848:-3
6843:-2
6736:-2
6731:-1
6675:-2
6286:-9
6276:-8
6271:-7
6266:-6
6261:-5
6256:-4
6251:-3
6246:-2
6241:-1
6104:-1
5882:-3
5877:-2
5872:-1
5640:-6
5635:-5
5630:-3
5625:-2
5620:-1
5508:-9
5503:-8
5498:-7
5493:-6
5488:-5
5483:-4
5478:-3
5473:-1
5468:-0
5463:31
5458:17
5453:16
5402:–
5398:–
5270:,
5254:C#
5197:FD
4444:9P
4112:VM
3593:.
3527:.
3523:.
3497:.
3399:.
3273:.
3225:.
3199:.
3143:^
3125:.
3099:.
3084:^
3046:.
3016:.
3004:^
2891:.
2873:.
2815:^
2788:.
2774:^
2652:19
2646:.
2642:.
2613:.
2581:.
2551:.
2535:.
2531:.
2513:^
2496:^
2472:.
2445:.
2384:no
2369:,
2356:,
2262:,
2258:,
2244:,
2240:,
2132::
1737:SF
1731:TF
1725:RE
1719:PL
1713:CL
1707:NM
1701:SL
1695:PN
1689:PX
1683:RR
1648:,
1570:AL
1564:ZF
1558:AS
1552:BA
1546:AA
1535:ES
1529:ER
1523:ST
1517:SP
1511:PD
1505:CE
1408:,
1398:GB
1253:3
1245:2
1237:1
1229:0
1126:,
1026:,
990:,
933:,
929:,
925:,
921:,
917:,
915:3M
913:,
909:,
905:,
901:,
893:,
889:,
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762:.
739:.
472:,
467:):
465:LD
448:):
446:MD
409:,
405:,
343:,
339:,
334:):
332:BD
323:,
319:,
315:,
311:,
307:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
291:,
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
195:):
193:CD
85:TB
39:,
6677:)
6673:(
5448:9
5443:7
5438:6
5433:4
5428:3
5423:2
5418:1
5374:e
5367:t
5360:v
5274:)
5266:(
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5047:t
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4199:(
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4189:(
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3966:(
3960:)
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3842:)
3738:e
3731:t
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