Knowledge (XXG)

ISO base media file format

Source ๐Ÿ“

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files is Apple Inc., and it is named in Annex D (informative) in MPEG-4 Part 12. Codec designers should register the codes they invent, but the registration is not mandatory and some of the invented and used code-points are not registered. When someone is creating a new specification derived from the ISO base media file format, all the existing specifications should be used both as examples and a source of definitions and technology. If an existing specification already covers how a particular media type is stored in the file format (e.g., MPEG-4 audio or video in MP4), that definition should be used and a new one should not be invented.
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versions of the media data. Existing media can be easily made streamable for other specific protocols by the addition of appropriate hint tracks. The media data itself need not be reformatted in any way. The streams sent by the servers under the direction of the hint tracks, need to contain no trace of file-specific information. When the presentation is played back locally (not streamed), the hint tracks may be ignored. Hint tracks may be created by an authoring tool or may be added to an existing file (presentation) by a hinting tool. In media authored for progressive download, the
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brands. One is "major_brand", which identifies the specification of the best use for the file. It is followed by "minor_version", an informative 4-byte integer for the minor version of the major brand. The second kind of brand is "compatible_brands", which identifies multiple specifications to which the file complies. All files shall contain a file type box, but for compatibility reasons with an earlier version of the specification, files may be conformant to ISO/IEC base media file format and not contain a file type box. In that case, they should be read as if they contained an
284:, originally Working Group 11 MPEG, currently Working Group 3 MPEG Systems). The first MP4 file format specification was created on the basis of the QuickTime format specification published in 2001. The MP4 file format known as "version 1" was published in 2001 as ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001, as revision of the MPEG-4 Part 1: Systems. In 2003, the first version of the MP4 file format was revised and replaced by MPEG-4 Part 14: MP4 file format (ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003), commonly known as MPEG-4 file format "version 2". 615:, H.264, and AAC compression formats. Microsoft published a Protected Interoperable File Format (PIFF) specification in 2010. It defined another usage of multiple encryption and DRM systems in a single file container. The PIFF brand was registered by the MP4 registration authority in 2010. Some extensions used by this format (e.g., for WMA support) were not registered. Usage of the WMA compression format in the ISO base media file format was not publicly documented. 649:
container format. A brand might indicate the type of encoding used, how the data of each encoding is stored, constraints and extensions that are applied to the file, the compatibility, or the intended usage of the file. Brands are printable four-character codes. A file type box contains two kinds of
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in 2007 and said it is based on the ISO base media file format. The F4V file format was not registered by the MP4 registration authority, but the F4V technical specification is publicly available. This format can contain H.264 video compression and MP3 or AAC audio compression. In addition, the F4V
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It is designed as a flexible, extensible format that facilitates interchange, management, editing and presentation of the media. The presentation may be local, or via a network or other stream delivery mechanism. The file format is designed to be independent of any particular network protocol while
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Files conforming to the ISO base media file format are formed as a series of objects, called "boxes". All data is contained in boxes, and there is no other data within the file. This includes any initial signature required by the specific file format. The "box" is an object-oriented building block
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The ISO base media file format is designed as an extensible file format. A list of all registered extensions for the ISO base media file format is published on the official registration authority website, www.mp4ra.org. The registration authority for code-points (identifier values) in "MP4 Family"
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The ISO base media file format includes timing, structure, and media information for timed sequences of media data, such as audio-visual presentations. The file structure is object-oriented. A file can be decomposed into basic objects very simply, and the structure of the objects is implied from
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data in the file over streaming protocols). This information is placed in additional tracks of the file called "hint" tracks. Separate "hint" tracks for different protocols may be included within the same file. The media will play over all such protocols without making any additional copies or
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In order to identify the specifications to which a file based on the ISO base media file format complies, "brands" are used as identifiers in the file format. These are set in a box named file type box ("ftyp"), which must be placed in the beginning of the file. It is somewhat analogous to the
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The MP4 file format was generalized into the ISO base media file format (ISO/IEC 14496-12:2004 or ISO/IEC 15444-12:2004), which defines a general structure for time-based media files. It is used as the basis for other file formats in the family such as MP4, 3GP, and
611:, JPEG and PNG. Microsoft Corporation announced a file format based on the ISO base media file format in 2009 called ISMV (Smooth Streaming format), also known as Protected Interoperable File Format (PIFF). As announced, this format can, for example, contain VC-1, 657:
A multimedia file structured upon ISO/IEC base media file format may be compatible with more than one concrete specification, and it is therefore not always possible to speak of a single "type" or "brand" for the file. In this regard, the utility of the
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A presentation (motion sequence) may be contained in several files. All timing and framing (position and size) information must be in the ISO base media file, and the ancillary files may essentially use any format.
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Historically, the text was also published as ISO/IEC 15444-12 (JPEG 2000 Part 12), although the JPEG 2000 version of the standard was withdrawn in January 2017 since it was redundant with the MPEG-4 publication.
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Some of the above-mentioned MPEG standard extensions are used by other formats based on ISO base media file format (e.g., 3GP). The 3GPP file format (.3gp) specification also defined extensions to support
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has standardized a number of specifications extending the ISO base media file format: The MP4 file format (ISO/IEC 14496-14) defined some extensions over the ISO base media file format to support
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type and file name extension is somewhat reduced. In spite of that, when a derived specification is written, a new file extension will be used, a new MIME type, and a new Macintosh file type.
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Relations between the ISO base media file format, MP4 file format, 3GPP file format and 3GPP2 file format. Based on the 3GPP2 technical specification published on 18 May 2007.
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There are some extensions of the ISO base media file format that were not registered by the MP4 Registration authority. Adobe Systems introduced the F4V file format for
472:) in the ISO base media file format was defined in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 3:2005. The Advanced Video Coding (AVC) file format (ISO/IEC 14496-15) defined support for 257: 1666: 1542: 1504: 905: 3650: 3441: 2837: 2367: 990: 957: 924: 821: 758: 215: 30: 2331: 2076: 654:
with a major and compatible brand "mp41" (MP4 v1 โ€“ ISO 14496-1, Chapter 13). Some in-use brands (ftyps) are not registered and can be found on some webpages.
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of media data over a network as well as local playback. A file that supports streaming includes information about the data units to stream (how to serve the
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defined by a unique type identifier and length. It was called an "atom" in some specifications (e.g., the first definition of the MP4 file format).
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in the ISO base media file format, with some or all of its ancillary data (such as movies, images, or other non-XML data) within the same file. The
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services in the ISO base media file format. It allows the storage of audio, video, and other content in any of three main ways: encapsulated in a
1726: 2011: 3299: 253: 2252: 1473: 2881: 1752: 965: 932: 1682:"ETSI TS 102 833 V1.1.1 (2008-11); Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); File Format Specification for the Storage and Playback of DVB Services" 4643: 3362: 659: 4662: 4122: 4087: 4065: 3264: 3239: 4592: 3862: 3476: 2913: 2324: 1860: 1825: 1702: 565: 477: 1626:"Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 15: Advanced Video Coding (AVC) file format; ISO/IEC 14496-15:2004" 3904: 3458: 3357: 3147: 2549: 4525: 4483: 4011: 3738: 3602: 3445: 3069: 3023: 2923: 437: 4180: 4001: 3684: 3089: 2918: 1104: 766: 1829: 4148: 3810: 3196: 4582: 4189: 4144: 3746: 3667: 3481: 3377: 3084: 3074: 2983: 2846: 2521: 2443: 2376: 2347: 2317: 1625: 541: 481: 449: 1257:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2008 โ€“ Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1236:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2005/Amd 2:2008 โ€“ Hint track format for ALC/LCT and FLUTE transmission and multiple meta box support" 1192:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2005 โ€“ Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 532:) in the ISO base media file format (.mj2). The "DVB File Format" (.dvb) defined by the DVB Project allowed storage of 3254: 1279:"ISO/IEC 15444-12:2008 โ€“ Information technology โ€“ JPEG 2000 image coding system โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1214:"ISO/IEC 15444-12:2005 โ€“ Information technology โ€“ JPEG 2000 image coding system โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 797:"Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format; ISO/IEC 14496-12:2004" 767:"Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format; ISO/IEC 14496-12:2008" 59: 1448:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2015 Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1427:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2020 Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1385:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2015 Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1322:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2012 Information technology โ€“ Coding of audio-visual objects โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1147:"Information technology โ€“ JPEG 2000 image coding system โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format; ISO/IEC 15444-12:2004" 1343:"ISO/IEC 15444-12:2012 Information technology โ€“ JPEG 2000 image coding system โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 1171:"ISO/IEC 15444-12:2015 Information technology โ€“ JPEG 2000 image coding system โ€“ Part 12: ISO base media file format" 4667: 4504: 4127: 4102: 3592: 3229: 3036: 2488: 2198: 1301:"ISO/IEC 14496-12:2008/Amd 1:2009 โ€“ General improvements including hint tracks, metadata support and sample groups" 533: 249: 86: 1864: 4077: 4038: 3607: 3531: 3450: 2685: 1986: 561: 3991: 3825: 3779: 3641: 3577: 2715: 508:
in files based on the ISO base media file format. The 3GPP2 file format (.3g2) defined extensions for usage of
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visual/audio codecs and various MPEG-4 Systems features such as object descriptors and scene descriptions. The
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video compression specification and others, which are named on the MP4 Registration authority's website.
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The format has become very widely used for media file storage and as the basis for various other media
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protected encrypted media objects and associated metadata. There are also other extensions, such as
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International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (2004).
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International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (2001).
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intra-coded images and HEVC-coded image sequences, taking advantage of inter-picture prediction.
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stream, stored as a reception hint track or stored directly as media tracks. The
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box, which contains the index of frames, should precede the movie data
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Part 12, and was formerly also published as ISO/IEC 15444-12, a.k.a.
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that defines a general structure for files that contain time-based
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From Google I/O 2009 โ€“ Mastering the Android Media Framework
2017:. Adobe Systems Incorporated. pp. 17โ€“44. Archived from 1042:"Classic Version of the QuickTime File Format Specification" 548:
File Format (.m21, .mp21) defined the storage of an MPEG-21
2102:"The portable interoperable file format (PIFF), Version 10" 1605:"MPEG-1/2 audio in MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 3:2005" 2277: 1583: 2278:"Complete List of all known MP4/QT 'ftyp' designations" 2075:. Microsoft Corporation. pp. 11โ€“16. Archived from 645:
code, used for a similar purpose for media embedded in
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specification for encrypted/protected audio and video,
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Part 1: Transport and Storage of Genomic Information
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The ISO base media file format is directly based on
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data such as video and audio. It is standardized in
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Chiariglione.org 1978:BBC (2008-07-16). 1751:ISO (April 2006). 1725:ISO (April 2006). 1001:. chiariglione.org 443: 299: 103:Extended from 94:Container for 44:February 2004 4668:ISO/IEC standards 4650: 4649: 4382:MPEG Multichannel 4156: 4155: 3930: 3929: 3848:DivX Media Format 3636: 3635: 3421: 3420: 2821: 2820: 2711:Microsoft Video 1 2646:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368) 2632:(GB/T 20090.2/16) 1486:on 7 October 2009 676:elementary stream 619:Technical details 430: 429: 311:Latest amendment 250:container formats 222:14496-12, a.k.a. 196: 195: 67:January 2022 27:Developed by 4680: 4345:Transport stream 4289:Part 1: Systems 4183: 4176: 4169: 4160: 3922:VOB, IFO and BUP 3696:Motion JPEG 2000 3647: 3434: 3393:aptX Low Latency 3170:Chinese Standard 2834: 2623:Chinese Standard 2395:Motion JPEG 2000 2364: 2334: 2327: 2320: 2311: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2264: 2258:. Archived from 2257: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2202: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2129:. Archived from 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2106: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2081: 2074: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2016: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1991: 1985:. Archived from 1984: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1965: 1956:. Archived from 1949: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1867:. Archived from 1857: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1841: 1835:. Archived from 1834: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1755:. Archived from 1748: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1664: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1603:ISO/IEC (2005). 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1590: 1579: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1540: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1518: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1485: 1478: 1469: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1264: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1166: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1145:ISO/IEC (2004). 1142: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1121: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1006: 997:(October 2009). 987: 981: 980: 978: 977: 968:. Archived from 964:(October 2005). 954: 948: 947: 945: 944: 935:. Archived from 921: 910: 909: 903: 895: 893: 892: 883:. Archived from 876: 867: 866: 853: 847: 846: 833: 827: 826: 813: 807: 806: 804: 803: 792: 781: 780: 778: 777: 771: 755: 736: 735: 728: 722: 721: 719: 717: 704: 526:Motion JPEG 2000 474:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 416:Seventh edition 302: 290:Motion JPEG 2000 192: 189: 187: 185: 183: 181: 167: 154: 144:ISO/IEC 14496-12 113:Extended to 87:Container format 77: 75: 70: 54: 52: 47: 24: 22:(MPEG-4 Part 12) 4688: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4653: 4652: 4651: 4646: 4634: 4613: 4597: 4566: 4530: 4509: 4488: 4472: 4398: 4330: 4278: 4192: 4187: 4157: 4152: 4137: 4111: 3956: 3926: 3784: 3761: 3733: 3710: 3632: 3551: 3449: 3428: 3417: 3213: 3185:(GB/T 33475.3) 3179:(GB/T 20090.10) 3165: 3142: 3114: 3056: 3018: 2933: 2929:MPEG-H 3D Audio 2855:MPEG-1 Layer II 2845: 2828: 2817: 2649: 2618: 2569: 2531: 2479: 2375: 2358: 2351: 2338: 2307: 2298: 2296: 2291: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2241: 2236: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2136: 2134: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2053: 2051: 2050:on July 6, 2010 2041: 2040: 2036: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1963: 1961: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1937: 1935: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1895: 1893: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1762: 1760: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1736: 1734: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1657: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1609: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1571: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1512: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1476: 1471: 1470: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1410: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1398: 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4655: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4458:Part 20: LASeR 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4389:Part 6: DSM CC 4386: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4350:Program stream 4347: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4310:Part 3: Audio 4308: 4307: 4306: 4299:Part 2: Video 4297: 4296: 4295: 4293:Program stream 4286: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4252: 4247: 4244: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4133:List of codecs 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3966: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3935:Collaborations 3932: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3720: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3701:MPEG-21 Part 9 3698: 3693: 3690:MPEG-4 Part 14 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3659: 3657: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 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2819: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2580: 2578: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2473:Part 2 / LCEVC 2470: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2381: 2379: 2361: 2353: 2352: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2329: 2322: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2289: 2274: 2249: 2234: 2219: 2210: 2209:External links 2207: 2204: 2203: 2185: 2164: 2143: 2117: 2092: 2060: 2034: 2002: 1970: 1944: 1923: 1902: 1889:ITU-T (2009). 1881: 1852: 1828:(2007-11-15). 1817: 1793: 1769: 1743: 1717: 1693: 1672: 1637: 1616: 1595: 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Index

ISO
IEC
Latest release
Container format
Container for
QuickTime File Format
MP4
3GP
.mj2
.f4v
HEIF
Standard
Open format
Free format
www.iso.org/standard/83102.html
container file format
multimedia
ISO
IEC
MPEG-4
JPEG 2000
file formats
MP4
3GP
container formats
Technology & Engineering Emmy Award
National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
Apple
QuickTime container format
MPEG

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