1188:). A working group (WG) of experts is typically set up by the subcommittee for the preparation of a working draft (e.g., MPEG is a collection of seven working groups as of 2023). When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups may make an open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that is produced, for example, for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard, but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently mature and the subcommittee is satisfied that it has developed an appropriate technical document for the problem being addressed, it becomes a committee draft (CD) and is sent to the P-member national bodies of the SC for the collection of formal comments. Revisions may be made in response to the comments, and successive committee drafts may be produced and circulated until consensus is reached to proceed to the next stage, called the "enquiry stage".
374:
3053:
182:
5957:
54:
1409:
1395:
1196:
negative. ISO will then hold a ballot among the national bodies where no technical changes are allowed (a yes/no final approval ballot), within a period of two months. It is approved as an
International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, the document is published by the ISO
6382:
5719:
6372:
1423:
504:
6392:
1191:
After a consensus to proceed is established, the subcommittee will produce a draft international standard (DIS), and the text is submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. A document in the DIS stage is available to the public for purchase and may be referred
697:
specification, published prior to the development of a full
International Standard, or, in IEC may be a 'dual logo' publication published in collaboration with an external organization". By convention, both types of specification are named in a manner similar to the organization's technical reports.
1195:
Following consideration of any comments and revision of the document, the draft is then approved for submission as a Final Draft
International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and if not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are
1180:
It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example, a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives also allow the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure, a document is
1324:
The process of developing standards within ISO was criticized around 2007 as being too difficult for timely completion of large and complex standards, and some members were failing to respond to ballots, causing problems in completing the necessary steps within the prescribed time limits. In some
696:
Technical specifications may be produced when "the subject in question is still under development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement to publish an
International Standard". A publicly available specification is usually "an intermediate
235:
ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of July 2024) it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development.
440:
ISO is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country. Members meet annually at a
General Assembly to discuss the strategic objectives of ISO. The organization is coordinated by a central secretariat based in
666:
These are issued when a technical committee or subcommittee has collected data of a different kind from that normally published as an
International Standard, such as references and explanations. The naming conventions for these are the same as for standards, except
1208:
International
Workshop Agreements (IWAs) are documents that establish a collaboration agreement that allow "key industry players to negotiate in an open workshop environment" outside of ISO in a way that may eventually lead to development of an ISO standard.
1181:
submitted directly for approval as a draft
International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.
1363:
blog article in 2008 about the process of standardization of OOXML as saying: "I think it de-values the confidence people have in the standards setting process", and alleged that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. He also said that
1377:
and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion ... then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results. The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate
452:
412:
In
October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization. The organization officially began operations on 23 February 1947.
5045:
3099:
761:
or more (and electronic copies typically have a single-user license, so they cannot be shared among groups of people). Some standards by ISO and its official U.S. representative (and, via the U.S. National
Committee, the
488:
There was previously also a JTC 2 that was created in 2009 for a joint project to establish common terminology for "standardization in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources". It was later disbanded.
747:
ISO/IEC Guide 65:1996 General requirements for bodies operating product certification (since revised and reissued as ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and
3212:
1334:
1368:
had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers, and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML:
774:
A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status are:
2809:
2748:
3368:
2296:
1437:
498:
2180:
705:
ISO/TS 16952-1:2006 Technical product documentation – Reference designation system – Part 1: General application rules (later withdrawn and replaced by ISO/TS 81346-3:2012, which was later withdrawn)
1308:: Dedicated to recognizing the endeavors of ISO's technical professionals, any individual nominated as an expert, project leader, or convenor in a committee working group is eligible for this award.
3322:
3092:
531:
1184:
The first step, a proposal of work (New Proposal), is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC 29 and JTC 1 respectively in the case of MPEG, the
324:
Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French), our founders decided to give it the short form
243:
in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like
3172:
1217:
On occasion, the fact that many of the ISO-created standards are ubiquitous has led to common use of "ISO" to describe the product that conforms to a standard. Some examples of this are:
1302:: Aimed at young professionals from ISO member nations, this award highlights those who advocate for sustainability-centric standardization and emphasize the importance of partnerships.
2720:
1317:
Except for a relatively small number of standards, ISO standards are not available free of charge, but rather for a purchase fee, which has been seen by some as unaffordable for small
6423:
3085:
2587:
3247:
1325:
cases, alternative processes have been used to develop standards outside of ISO and then submit them for its approval. A more rapid "fast-track" approval procedure was used in
1975:
4557:
1481:
2617:
6232:
4552:
3277:
6282:
5755:
2782:
2198:
550:
are countries that do not have their own standards organization. These members are informed about the work of ISO, but do not participate in standards promulgation.
2800:
5842:
4057:
597:
International standards are the main products of ISO. It also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical
2234:
1869:
2300:
2216:
2176:
6438:
6402:
3192:
1947:
1498:
6448:
4279:
2928:
1807:
448:
A council with a rotating membership of 20 member bodies provides guidance and governance, including setting the annual budget of the central secretariat.
6433:
6133:
3262:
1492:
2757:
2374:
312:
is an abbreviation for "International Standardization Organization" or a similar title in another language, the letters do not officially represent an
5834:
5354:
5274:
5065:
5060:
4906:
3197:
1504:
898: (WG) of experts for the preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which may have several Sub Groups (SG).
763:
636:
482:
470:
252:
2481:
2348:
1472: – CIS technical standards – a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology, and Certification
1333:(OOXML, ISO/IEC 29500, approved in April 2008), and another rapid alternative "publicly available specification" (PAS) process had been used by
757:
ISO documents have strict copyright restrictions and ISO charges for most copies. As of 2020, the typical cost of a copy of an ISO standard is about
5072:
2400:
718:
When partnering with IEC in their joint technical committee, ISO also sometimes issues "technical corrigenda" (where "corrigenda" is the plural of
6116:
3426:
3292:
3272:
3252:
3227:
3217:
544:
are national bodies considered the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have voting rights.
2023:
6428:
5838:
5808:
5605:
1708:
1514:
1449:
708:
ISO/PAS 11154:2006 Road vehicles – Roof load carriers (later revised in ISO 11154:2023, which does not have the "PAS" abbreviation in its name)
5956:
6096:
5901:
3967:
3337:
3164:
3159:
2713:
2694:
1801:
1520:
2933:
The lack of free online availability has effectively made ISO standard irrelevant to the (home/hacker section of the) Open Source community.
5674:
5475:
4998:
4381:
3972:
3942:
1348:, the rules of ISO were eventually tightened so that participating members that fail to respond to votes are demoted to observer status.
5748:
5319:
4649:
4446:
1197:
3021:
2510:
2097:
6129:
6080:
3770:
2532:
1330:
2999:
2064:
871:
International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps:
6443:
5846:
4846:
3870:
3373:
3282:
2640:
2162:
2058:
1968:
656:
are not used for an incomplete or unpublished standard and, under some circumstances, may be left off the title of a published work.
354:
During the founding meetings of the new organization, however, the Greek word explanation was not invoked, so this meaning may be a
3222:
1732:
5861:
5410:
4582:
4426:
3388:
3187:
6396:
6092:
6088:
6070:
5999:
5816:
3331:
3327:
3287:
2613:
1609:
1526:
1200:, with only minor editorial changes introduced in the publication process before the publication as an International Standard.
6385:
6342:
6337:
5830:
5741:
5505:
5500:
5207:
2909:
1762:
2834:
2667:
2131:
2005:
1373:
When you have a process built on trust and when that trust is abused, ISO should halt the process... ISO is an engineering
6332:
5946:
5299:
4629:
4562:
4142:
3790:
3342:
3307:
3232:
1289:
ISO presents several awards to acknowledge the valuable contributions made in the realm of international standardization:
221:
98:
2955:
2563:
2194:
2123:
1296:: This award acknowledges outstanding standards development. It is available to all ISO and ISO/IEC technical committees.
6277:
3267:
3242:
2969:
2835:"ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, SC 29/WG 11 Structure (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 – Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio)"
2802:
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 – Consolidated ISO Supplement – Procedure for the technical work – Procedures specific to ISO
1462: – International standards organization – for sustainability information and linking up with reporting on their 17#
1185:
373:
6307:
6200:
6163:
6137:
6040:
5644:
5122:
3419:
3378:
3302:
1550:
1459:
732:
These are meta-standards covering "matters related to international standardization". They are named using the format
2863:
2456:
2230:
1861:
6247:
6191:
6125:
6025:
6004:
5304:
5212:
5162:
4921:
4254:
4249:
2212:
1475:
1943:
556:
are countries with small economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards.
6272:
6121:
5985:
5570:
5515:
5294:
5279:
5259:
4537:
3957:
3453:
3257:
1352:
2924:
1784:
6302:
6210:
6173:
6142:
6055:
6009:
5812:
5768:
5618:
5525:
5314:
5289:
4501:
4496:
1847:
2454:
ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services
2322:
2252:
1683:
1236:
standard file system as opposed to another file system—hence disc images commonly being referred to as "ISOs".
2407:
2381:
2297:"ISO/IEC JTC 2 Joint Project Committee – Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources – Common terminology"
826:
FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) – Final Proposed Draft Amendment / Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003/FPDAmd 1)
6357:
6347:
6297:
5941:
5936:
5172:
4714:
4704:
4699:
4274:
4259:
4199:
3633:
3628:
3588:
3207:
640:
is included if the standard results from the work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 (the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee).
2439:
1344:
As was suggested at the time by Martin Bryan, the outgoing convenor (chairman) of working group 1 (WG1) of
823:
CD Amd / PDAmd – Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/CD Amd 6)
560:
Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to observing members, who are called "O" members.
6351:
6322:
6084:
5891:
5722:
5490:
5480:
4609:
4027:
3608:
3412:
2473:
2344:
1562:
Some of the 834 Technical Committees of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) include:
1544:
576:
474:
406:
394:
248:
244:
240:
229:
225:
108:
6312:
6111:
6030:
5921:
5886:
4911:
4774:
4421:
3795:
3643:
3613:
3506:
3496:
3457:
3449:
3383:
3317:
3072:, access to most up to date content in ISO standards, graphical symbols, codes or terms and definitions.
1532:
592:
3058:
481:
and entitled "Information technology", it was created in 1987 and its mission is "to develop worldwide
346:, meaning "equal"). Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of our name is always
6317:
6252:
5826:
5669:
5575:
5309:
5284:
5127:
4968:
4406:
4209:
4082:
3865:
2019:
31:
1712:
572:
Organizations that manage the specific projects or loan experts to participate in the technical work
6287:
6237:
6196:
5931:
5804:
5510:
5249:
3297:
2950:
2274:
2083:"From setting national standards to coordinating international standards: The formation of the ISO"
1345:
722:). These are amendments made to existing standards to correct minor technical flaws or ambiguities.
119:
6371:
2690:
6375:
6147:
6075:
5980:
5926:
5455:
5390:
3730:
3393:
3122:
3077:
1621:
1443:
1414:
645:
644:(American Society for Testing and Materials) is used for standards developed in cooperation with
1501: – International partnership organisation for sharing of best practices in customer service
6327:
6065:
5995:
5965:
5911:
5790:
5764:
4284:
2750:
Letter Ballot on the JTC 1 Standing Document on Technical Specifications and Technical Reports
2054:
1797:
1428:
1356:
1318:
260:
2401:"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards"
5876:
5018:
4759:
4087:
3312:
3143:
3014:
2506:
2082:
272:
264:
200:
2536:
686:
ISO/TR 19033:2000 Technical product documentation – Metadata for construction documentation
6045:
5975:
5881:
5851:
5800:
5795:
5779:
5733:
5628:
5349:
5254:
5008:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4411:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
2992:
2867:
2460:
2045:
1951:
1633:
1538:
1374:
575:
Subscriptions from member bodies, whose subscriptions are in proportion to each country's
355:
268:
2636:
2158:
1541: – Implementation of technical standards based on the consensus of different parties
1274:, the standardized attachment points for child safety seats, which is marketed as ISOFIX.
232:
of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes.
1726:
5916:
5771:
4916:
4664:
4476:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
3663:
3653:
3347:
1486:
1400:
1268:, the communication protocol for the agriculture industry, which is marketed as ISOBUS.
1225:
402:
3052:
1408:
181:
53:
6417:
6262:
5704:
5679:
5664:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5425:
5370:
5339:
5329:
5192:
5182:
5152:
5147:
5097:
5077:
5055:
5040:
4993:
4958:
4901:
4896:
4886:
4764:
4709:
4684:
4679:
4659:
4532:
4072:
3648:
3511:
3481:
2270:
1326:
895:
478:
464:
2946:"Report on WG1 activity for December 2007 Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG1 in Kyoto"
2861:
ISO/DIS 10009: Quality management — Guidance for quality tools and their application
6242:
5856:
5565:
5535:
5395:
4739:
4734:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4506:
4451:
4401:
4334:
4289:
4264:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4132:
4097:
4007:
4002:
3830:
3638:
3404:
3127:
3010:
2838:
1394:
1338:
398:
534:
representing ISO in their country, with each country having only one member.
3029:
2905:
1754:
1280:, the standardized intermodal containers, sometimes called "ISO containers".
5866:
5821:
5540:
5237:
5232:
5227:
4811:
4728:
3700:
3352:
2660:
2001:
1862:"New 'net zero' standards could transform the climate – unless they're derailed"
1463:
1221:
744:
ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary
1535: – List of standards by the International Organization for Standardization
817:
AWI Amd – Approved new Work Item Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14492:2001/AWI Amd 4)
513: ISO member countries with a national standards body and ISO voting rights
503:
6206:
5990:
5530:
5435:
5142:
5117:
4881:
4836:
4572:
4229:
4042:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3885:
3860:
3735:
3491:
2945:
2555:
1651:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1594:
1422:
1390:
1240:
317:
2973:
6292:
6216:
6106:
6101:
6020:
6015:
5896:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5659:
5649:
5610:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5430:
5420:
5405:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5324:
5269:
5264:
5244:
5222:
5202:
5157:
5137:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5050:
5013:
5003:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4963:
4948:
4943:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4841:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4806:
4801:
4749:
4744:
4724:
4694:
4669:
4654:
4624:
4577:
4567:
4547:
4542:
4527:
4522:
4436:
4157:
4152:
4047:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3202:
2778:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1365:
1271:
1265:
1229:
17:
1255:. Hence, the speed of the film often is referred to by its ISO number.
867:
Guide – a guidance to technical committees for the preparation of standards
782:
NP or NWIP – New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal (e.g., ISO/IEC NP 23007)
2860:
2453:
683:
ISO/IEC TR 17799:2000 Code of Practice for Information Security Management
6267:
6257:
5334:
5112:
4816:
4644:
4481:
4471:
4456:
4431:
4416:
4391:
4386:
4269:
4244:
4239:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4169:
4164:
4147:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4077:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4037:
4032:
4022:
4017:
4012:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3962:
3947:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3880:
3875:
3855:
3850:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3775:
3765:
3658:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3064:
1379:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1233:
829:
FDAM (FDAmd) – Final Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/FDAmd 4)
519: Correspondent members (countries without a national standards body)
72:
International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA)
2053:, International Organization for Standardization, 1997, pp. 15–18,
1917:
1446: – Standards organization for information and communication systems
365:
and the ISO logo are registered trademarks and their use is restricted.
5623:
5415:
5400:
5197:
5187:
5177:
4953:
4769:
4719:
4614:
4602:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3668:
3623:
3618:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3237:
2583:
1277:
719:
598:
405:
Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with a proposal to form a new
313:
228:
development organization composed of representatives from the national
2993:"Friendship Among Equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years"
2880:
6035:
5906:
5485:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5132:
5107:
5035:
4891:
4876:
4856:
4851:
4796:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4674:
4639:
4486:
4137:
3952:
3516:
3213:
Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of Belarus
3177:
1891:
1793:
1382:
and so you end up with something being a standard that is not clear.
814:
NP Amd – New Proposal Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/NP Amd 3)
803:
PRF – Proof of a new International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC PRF 18018)
442:
378:
256:
2047:
Friendship among equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years
800:
FDIS – Final Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC FDIS 27003)
4973:
2314:
2248:
1843:
1679:
864:
Cor – Technical Corrigendum (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Cor 1:2008)
387:
International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations
6183:
5520:
5495:
5217:
5102:
4754:
4619:
4491:
4466:
4461:
4441:
3815:
3785:
3780:
3501:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3182:
1645:
1360:
1244:
502:
429:
401:
but, after the war, the ISA was approached by the recently-formed
372:
2463:, published September 2012, revised 2018, accessed 3 October 2022
385:
The organization that is known today as ISO began in 1926 as the
5871:
5167:
5030:
5023:
4689:
4634:
4234:
3845:
3015:"Coordinating International Standards: The Formation of the ISO"
2435:
2299:. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from
1711:. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from
1469:
820:
WD Amd – Working Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO 11092:1993/WD Amd 1)
451:
The technical management board is responsible for more than 250
283:
The International Organization for Standardization in French is
5737:
3408:
3369:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
3081:
2375:"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the technical work"
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
1438:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
499:
Countries in the International Organization for Standardization
6168:
5654:
5344:
4396:
3069:
1341:
as an ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 26300, approved in May 2006).
2501:
2499:
3323:
State Committee for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy
2661:"ISO/IEC Directives Supplement – Procedures specific to ISO"
2654:
2652:
2650:
2153:
2151:
2149:
1728:
Dare to dream BIG: Standards empower innovators (EN, ES, FR)
797:
DIS – Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC DIS 14297)
1517: – International healthcare accreditation organisation
852:
DTS – Draft Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/DTS 11602-1)
212:
206:
861:
IWA – International Workshop Agreements (e.g., IWA 1:2005)
858:
TTA – Technology Trends Assessment (e.g., ISO/TTA 1:1994)
785:
AWI – Approved new Work Item (e.g., ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14)
525: Subscriber members (countries with small economies)
485:(ICT) standards for business and consumer applications."
320:. The organization provides this explanation of the name:
2370:
The ISO directives are published in two distinct parts:
2266:
1796:: International Organization for Standardization. 2022.
1489:– the Interface Marketing Supplier Integration Institute
1258:
As it was originally defined in ISO 518, the flash
806:
IS – International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007)
794:
FCD – Final Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC FCD 23000-12)
3046:
2794:
2792:
1582:- Libraries, archives, indexing and information science
835:
Amd – Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Amd 1:2007)
172:
3248:
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran
3061:, with free access to a small subset of the standards.
2631:
2629:
2627:
2614:"Stages of the development of International Standards"
1239:
The sensitivity of a photographic film to light (its "
849:
TS – Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/TS 16949:2009)
846:
DTR – Draft Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC DTR 19791)
1495: – Classification system for technical standards
1262:
found on cameras often is called the "ISO shoe".
299:
209:
3173:
Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación
903:
Stages in the development process of an ISO standard
6225:
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5778:
5637:
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3361:
3152:
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MIT Innovations and Entrepreneurship Seminar Series
2708:
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2577:
2575:
2573:
1792:(in English, French, and Russian) (20th ed.).
843:
TR – Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC TR 19791:2006)
469:ISO has a joint technical committee (JTC) with the
334:
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167:
157:
135:
125:
115:
104:
94:
76:
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60:
2970:"Ubuntu's Shuttleworth blames ISO for OOXML's win"
2691:"List of abbreviations used throughout ISO Online"
2637:"The ISO27k FAQ – ISO/IEC acronyms and committees"
2251:. International Organization for Standardization.
2233:. International Organization for Standardization.
2215:. International Organization for Standardization.
2197:. International Organization for Standardization.
2179:. International Organization for Standardization.
2161:. International Organization for Standardization.
1942:Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021. "
1682:. International Organization for Standardization.
1573:– Terminology and other language content resources
1482:Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
2925:"Where to get ISO Standards on the Internet free"
2742:
2740:
2738:
131:170 members (39 correspondents and 4 subscribers)
3278:Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority
1523: – Specialized agency of the United Nations
301:Mezhdunarodnaya organizatsiya po standartizatsii
27:International standards development organization
6283:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
2772:
2770:
791:CD – Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC CD 23000-5)
691:Technical and publicly available specifications
381:where the ISO predecessor, the ISA, was founded
6424:International Organization for Standardization
3109:International Organization for Standardization
1944:International Organization for Standardization
587:International standards and other publications
192:International Organization for Standardization
40:International Organization for Standardization
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3093:
3065:Advanced search for standards and/or projects
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2603:
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2546:
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1672:
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292:
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3193:Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution
1591:- Banking, securities and financial services
1547: – Organization that develops standards
1529: – Open internet standards organization
1499:The International Customer Service Institute
287:Organisation internationale de normalisation
285:
46:Organisation internationale de normalisation
39:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1703:
1701:
788:WD – Working Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC WD 27032)
341:
294:Международная организация по стандартизации
5756:
5742:
5734:
3427:
3413:
3405:
3263:Korean Agency for Technology and Standards
3100:
3086:
3078:
3051:
1493:International Classification for Standards
832:PRF Amd – (e.g., ISO 12639:2004/PRF Amd 1)
180:
52:
38:
30:"ISO" redirects here. For other uses, see
3198:Brazilian National Standards Organization
2972:. ZDNet.com. 1 April 2008. Archived from
1505:International Electrotechnical Commission
764:International Electrotechnical Commission
637:International Electrotechnical Commission
471:International Electrotechnical Commission
253:International Electrotechnical Commission
2122:Tranchard, Sandrine (23 February 2017).
2081:Yates, JoAnne; Murphy, Craig N. (2006).
1597:Quality management and quality assurance
900:
507:A map of ISO members as of November 2020
483:Information and Communication Technology
239:The organization develops and publishes
6117:Pollutant release and transfer register
3293:Standardization Administration of China
3273:National Standards Authority of Ireland
3253:Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
3228:Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
3218:Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation
3027:from the original on 22 September 2010.
2931:from the original on 24 November 2007.
2684:
2682:
2680:
2436:"ISO/IEC Directives and ISO supplement"
2237:from the original on 19 September 2012.
2219:from the original on 19 September 2012.
2201:from the original on 19 September 2012.
2165:from the original on 19 September 2012.
2008:from the original on 19 September 2012.
1668:
1351:The computer security entrepreneur and
810:Abbreviations used for amendments are:
473:(IEC) to develop standards relating to
416:ISO Standards were originally known as
397:. The ISA was suspended in 1942 during
2815:from the original on 20 September 2022
2643:from the original on 24 November 2005.
2584:"International harmonized stage codes"
2566:from the original on 21 February 2010.
2255:from the original on 15 December 2011.
1850:from the original on 17 February 2023.
1515:International healthcare accreditation
1450:European Committee for Standardization
1192:to with its ISO DIS reference number.
855:PAS – Publicly Available Specification
610:These are designated using the format
5902:Principles for Responsible Investment
3338:Swiss Association for Standardization
3169:ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board
3165:American National Standards Institute
3160:Algerian Institute of Standardization
3005:from the original on 26 October 2012.
2723:from the original on 17 February 2010
2673:from the original on 12 January 2012.
2484:from the original on 21 November 2020
2183:from the original on 3 November 2012.
2090:Business and Economic History On-Line
1735:from the original on 14 February 2022
1521:International Telecommunication Union
1232:" to signify that they are using the
537:ISO has three membership categories,
7:
6391:
2958:from the original on 12 August 2007.
2912:from the original on 5 October 2007.
2785:from the original on 12 August 2007.
2697:from the original on 12 August 2007.
2620:from the original on 12 August 2007.
2590:from the original on 4 October 2007.
2513:from the original on 13 October 2007
2351:from the original on 5 October 2007.
2325:from the original on 24 January 2021
2134:from the original on 20 October 2023
2070:from the original on 26 October 2012
1872:from the original on 2 February 2022
1686:from the original on 24 January 2021
6439:Social responsibility organizations
2474:"What Does ISO Certification Cost?"
568:ISO is funded by a combination of:
432:" was issued in 1951 as "ISO/R 1".
6449:1947 establishments in Switzerland
6081:Environmental full-cost accounting
2103:from the original on 27 April 2021
2026:from the original on 27 April 2015
1981:from the original on 14 March 2020
1813:from the original on 31 March 2022
1765:from the original on 10 April 2022
1478: – Operating unit within IEEE
1331:standardization of Office Open XML
459:Joint technical committee with IEC
25:
6434:Organizations established in 1947
3374:Information Technology Task Force
3283:South African Bureau of Standards
2442:from the original on 16 May 2008.
1204:International Workshop Agreements
455:, who develop the ISO standards.
6390:
6381:
6380:
6370:
5955:
5862:Extended producer responsibility
5718:
5717:
3389:List of ISO technical committees
3188:Austrian Standards International
3013:; Murphy, Craig N. (Fall 2006).
2923:Jelliffe, Rick (1 August 2007).
2747:ISO/IEC JTC1 (2 November 2009),
2277:from the original on 15 May 2021
1605:Geographic information/Geomatics
1421:
1407:
1393:
199:
6071:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
3332:Swedish Institute for Standards
3288:Sri Lanka Standards Institution
2406:. ISO/IEC. 2011. Archived from
2380:. ISO/IEC. 2012. Archived from
1622:Health-related data/information
1610:Geographic data and information
1527:Internet Engineering Task Force
1456:) – Standards organization
618:is the number of the standard,
377:Plaque marking the building in
332:is derived from the Greek word
6343:Socially responsible marketing
6338:Socially responsible investing
3223:Deutsches Institut für Normung
3070:Online Browsing Platform (OBP)
2507:"Publicly Available Standards"
2231:"Governance of technical work"
1709:"How to use the ISO Catalogue"
393:), which primarily focused on
1:
6429:Organisations based in Geneva
6333:Socially responsible business
3343:Turkish Standards Institution
3308:Standards Institute of Israel
3233:Finnish Standards Association
2213:"Who develops ISO standards?"
1579:Information and documentation
1300:The ISO Next Generation Award
766:) are made freely available.
99:Non-governmental organization
6278:Environmental pricing reform
5809:environmental responsibility
3268:Korean Standards Association
3243:Badan Standardisasi Nasional
3059:Publicly Available Standards
2833:ISO, IEC (5 November 2009).
2345:"General information on ISO"
2022:. University of Pittsburgh.
1918:"Transport sector standards"
1294:The Lawrence D. Eicher Award
1186:Moving Picture Experts Group
622:is an optional part number,
6308:Market governance mechanism
6164:Global Reporting Initiative
6134:standards and certification
6041:Social return on investment
3379:ISO Development Environment
3328:Swedish Standards Institute
3303:Standards Council of Canada
2714:"US Tag Committee Handbook"
1551:Terminology planning policy
1460:Global Reporting Initiative
779:PWI – Preliminary Work Item
626:is the year published, and
601:(corrections), and guides.
335:
300:
251:are instead handled by the
6465:
6248:Community interest company
6192:Community-based monitoring
6026:Genuine progress indicator
2159:"Structure and governance"
1476:IEEE Standards Association
890:Stage 6: Publication stage
878:Stage 2: Preparatory stage
590:
530:As of 2022, there are 167
496:
462:
436:Structure and organization
29:
6366:
6273:Environmental degradation
6122:Sustainability accounting
5986:Ethical positioning index
5953:
5713:
3446:
3258:Kenya Bureau of Standards
2124:"ISO celebrates 70 years"
1969:"Friendship among equals"
1892:"Health sector standards"
1124:
1013:Committee draft or drafts
917:
914:
911:
839:Other abbreviations are:
734:"ISO Guide N:yyyy: Title"
342:
308:Although one might think
293:
259:, Switzerland. The three
255:. It is headquartered in
51:
44:
6444:Technical specifications
6303:Health impact assessment
6174:Sustainability reporting
6143:Toxics Release Inventory
5937:Transparency (behavioral
5912:Social impact assessment
5801:Corporate accountability
2870:, accessed 2 August 2023
2509:. ISO. 19 October 2023.
2020:"A Brief History of ISO"
1731:. ISO. 24 October 2016.
1648:evaluation and valuation
1570:Language and terminology
1306:The ISO Excellence Award
1213:Products named after ISO
915:Associated document name
908:
881:Stage 3: Committee stage
45:
6358:Supply chain management
6298:Global justice movement
6097:profit-and-loss account
3208:Bureau of Normalization
1958:. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
1956:Encyclopedia Britannica
1755:"ISO Membership Manual"
1654:Security and resilience
1103:PRF Amd/TTA/TR/TS/Suppl
982:Working draft or drafts
887:Stage 5: Approval stage
875:Stage 1: Proposal stage
770:Standardization process
630:describes the subject.
605:International standards
241:international standards
230:standards organizations
109:International standards
6323:SDG Publishers Compact
6085:Environmental conflict
5892:Organizational justice
2459:3 October 2022 at the
2195:"Technical committees"
1545:Standards organization
1440: – Members of ISO
1384:
1337:to obtain approval of
1122:International Standard
957:New work item proposal
884:Stage 4: Enquiry stage
577:gross national product
527:
475:information technology
395:mechanical engineering
382:
352:
286:
279:Name and abbreviations
249:electronic engineering
226:international standard
82:; 77 years ago
6313:Product certification
6112:Life-cycle assessment
6031:Performance indicator
5922:Social responsibility
5887:Organizational ethics
5817:social responsibility
3384:List of ISO standards
3318:Standards New Zealand
2991:Kuert, Willy (1997).
2866:2 August 2023 at the
2533:"Free ANSI Standards"
1950:12 April 2022 at the
1657:- Security of society
1533:List of ISO standards
1371:
941:Preliminary work item
894:The TC/SC may set up
675:in the report's name.
671:prepended instead of
593:List of ISO standards
548:Correspondent members
506:
497:Further information:
376:
322:
220:) is an independent,
80:23 February 1947
6318:Public participation
6253:Conflict of interest
5843:inequality in the UK
5835:in the United States
5827:Environmental racism
2480:. 11 November 2019.
713:Technical corrigenda
453:technical committees
32:ISO (disambiguation)
6288:Ethical consumerism
6238:Benefit corporation
6130:metrics and indices
5932:Sullivan principles
5847:injustice in Europe
3298:Standards Australia
2951:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
2002:"ISO name and logo"
1866:The Washington Post
1346:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
1243:") is described by
1198:central secretariat
905:
419:ISO Recommendations
137:Official languages
120:Geneva, Switzerland
41:
6376:Environment portal
6148:Triple bottom line
6076:Emission inventory
5981:Double bottom line
5927:Stakeholder theory
3440:by standard number
3394:Quality Objectives
3123:ISO/PAS 28007:2012
2927:. oreillynet.com.
2881:"ISO - ISO awards"
2859:For example, ISO,
2841:on 28 January 2001
2779:"ISO deliverables"
2763:on 22 October 2021
2413:on 16 October 2011
2303:on 6 October 2012.
1715:on 4 October 2007.
1617:Health informatics
1588:Financial services
1444:Ecma International
1415:Engineering portal
1359:, was quoted in a
901:
753:Document copyright
646:ASTM International
612:ISO nnnnn: Title
554:Subscriber members
528:
383:
261:official languages
6411:
6410:
6328:Social enterprise
6233:Bangladesh Accord
6093:management system
6089:impact assessment
6066:Carbon accounting
5996:Impact assessment
5947:UN Global Compact
5839:in Western Europe
5791:Aarhus Convention
5731:
5730:
3454:ISO romanizations
3402:
3401:
3137:Technical reports
2267:"JTC 1 home page"
1924:. 20 January 2023
1803:978-92-67-02040-2
1429:Technology portal
1357:Mark Shuttleworth
1178:
1177:
661:Technical reports
582:Sale of standards
579:and trade figures
399:World War II
188:
187:
16:(Redirected from
6456:
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5877:Little Eichmanns
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3313:Standards Norway
3144:ISO/IEC TR 12182
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3049:
3047:Official website
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407:global standards
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5796:Climate justice
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3111:
3106:
3045:
3044:
3041:
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3009:
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2995:
2990:
2987:
2985:Further reading
2982:
2981:
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2967:
2963:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2906:"Shopping FAQs"
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2899:
2889:
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2879:
2878:
2874:
2868:Wayback Machine
2858:
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2388:
2387:on 13 June 2012
2384:
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2315:"ISO – Members"
2313:
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2280:
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2249:"ISO/IEC JTC 1"
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3458:IEC standards
3455:
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3450:ISO standards
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3011:Yates, JoAnne
3008:
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2639:. IsecT Ltd.
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2271:ISO/IEC JTC 1
2268:
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2250:
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2062:
2060:92-67-10260-5
2056:
2049:
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2041:
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2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
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1680:"ISO members"
1675:
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1655:
1652:ISO/TC 292 -
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:ISO/TC 289 -
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:ISO/TC 262 -
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:ISO/TC 215 -
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:ISO/TC 211 -
1601:
1599:
1598:
1595:ISO/TC 176 -
1593:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1572:
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1566:
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1558:ISO divisions
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1419:
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1405:
1402:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1375:old boys club
1370:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:ISO/IEC JTC 1
1322:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:ISO 5800
1250:
1249:ISO 2240
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:ISO 9660
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
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1199:
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1077:(CDV in IEC)
1076:
1070:
1067:
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1049:
1047:Enquiry draft
1046:
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1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
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996:
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991:AWI Amd/TR/TS
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784:
781:
778:
777:
776:
769:
767:
765:
752:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:For example:
735:
731:
730:
729:
728:
721:
717:
716:
715:
714:
707:
704:
703:
702:
701:For example:
695:
694:
693:
692:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:For example:
674:
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664:
663:
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639:
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633:
629:
625:
621:
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602:
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586:
581:
578:
574:
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570:
569:
563:
561:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:Member bodies
540:
539:
538:
535:
533:
505:
500:
492:
490:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
466:
465:ISO/IEC JTC 1
458:
456:
454:
449:
446:
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435:
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431:
427:
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421:
420:
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410:
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368:
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364:
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321:
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315:
311:
306:
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290:
288:
278:
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246:
242:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
217:
197:
193:
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178:
170:
166:
163:Sung Hwan Cho
162:
156:
149:
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143:
142:
140:
134:
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121:
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114:
110:
107:
103:
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97:
93:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6395:
6268:Eco-labeling
6243:Child labour
6138:supply chain
6136: /
6132: /
6128: /
6124: /
6095: /
6091: /
6087: /
6083: /
5857:Ethical code
5845: /
5841: /
5837: /
5833: /
5829: /
5815: /
5811: /
5807: /
5803: /
5576:27000 series
3435:
3128:ISO/TS 80004
3108:
3030:
2974:the original
2964:
2949:
2940:
2932:
2918:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
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