179:
3255:
160:. One of the principal authors of BS 7799 recalls that, at the beginning of 1993, "The DTI decided to quickly assemble a group of industry representatives from seven different sectors: Shell ( and Les Riley), BOC Group (Neil Twist), BT (Dennis Willets), Marks & Spencer (Steve Jones), Midland Bank (Richard Hackworth), Nationwide (John Bowles) and Unilever (Rolf Moulton)." David Lacey credits the late
222:β Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection β Information security management systems β Requirements. - specifies requirements for an information security management system in the same formalized, structured and succinct manner as other ISO standards specify other kinds of management systems.
104:
of all shapes and sizes. All organizations are encouraged to assess their information risks, then treat them (typically using information security controls) according to their needs, using the guidance and suggestions where relevant. Given the dynamic nature of information risk and security, the
164:
as having the "original idea of establishing a set of information security controls", and with producing a document containing a "collection of around a hundred baseline controls" by the late 1980s for "the I-4 Information
Security circle which he conceived and founded.
3924:
2581:
139:
Many people and organisations are involved in the development and maintenance of the ISO27K standards. The first standard in this series was ISO/IEC 17799:2000; this was a fast-tracking of the existing
British standard
130:
The ISO/IEC standards are sold directly by ISO, mostly in
English, French and Chinese. Sales outlets associated with various national standards bodies also sell directly translated versions in several languages.
3794:
2093:
522:
149:
3789:
2088:
148:
was based, in part, on an information security policy manual developed by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1993, what was then the
3291:
1593:
971:
586:
561:
39:
1815:
4174:
708:"ISO/IEC 27004:2016 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management - Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation"
4148:
2890:
2810:
2601:
2596:
2442:
609:
Information
Technology Risk Management in Enterprise Environments : a Review of Industry Practices and a Practical Guide to Risk Management Teams
43:
453:
ISO/IEC 27557 β Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection β Application of ISO 31000:2018 for organizational privacy risk management
2608:
962:
3598:
3141:
66:
479:
AI/ML security and IoT security, while the released ISO27K standards are routinely reviewed and if appropriate updated every five years or so.
1503:
558:"ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection -- Information security management systems -- Requirements"
3899:
3210:
3011:
2534:
1917:
1508:
1478:
791:"ISO/IEC TR 27015:2012 - Information technology β Security techniques β Information security management guidelines for financial services"
3284:
2855:
2185:
1982:
622:
459:β Information technology β Security Techniques β Information security management systems β Privacy Information Management System (PIMS).
1306:
2382:
1406:
405:
ISO/IEC 27036-3 β Information security for supplier relationships β Part 3: Guidelines for information and communication technology
152:
convened a team to review existing practice in information security, with the goal of producing a standards document. In 1995, the
729:"ISO/IEC 27005:2022 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection β Guidance on managing information security risks"
2946:
2118:
1962:
833:"ISO/IEC DIS 27034-4 β Information technology β Security techniques β Application security β Part 4: Validation and verification"
450:
ISO/IEC TS 27110 β Information technology, cybersecurity and privacy protection β Cybersecurity framework development guidelines
54:
899:
682:
4044:
3277:
3041:
3036:
2743:
658:
35:
375:
ISO/IEC 27034-5-1 β Application security β Part 5-1: Protocols and application security controls data structure, XML schemas
342:
ISO/IEC 27033-3 β Network security β Part 3: Reference networking scenarios β Threats, design techniques and control issues
4169:
3804:
3334:
2835:
2165:
2098:
1678:
1326:
707:
348:
ISO/IEC 27033-5 β Network security β Part 5: Securing communications across networks using
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
273:
ISO/IEC 27009 β Information technology β Security techniques β Sector-specific application of ISO/IEC 27001 β Requirements
387:
ISO/IEC 27035-2 β Information security incident management β Part 2: Guidelines to plan and prepare for incident response
309:β Code of practice for protection of personally identifiable information (PII) in public clouds acting as PII processors
3180:
2658:
955:
279:
ISO/IEC 27011 β Information security management guidelines for telecommunications organizations based on ISO/IEC 27002
874:
749:
411:
ISO/IEC 27036-4 β Information security for supplier relationships β Part 4: Guidelines for security of cloud services
390:
ISO/IEC 27035-3 β Information security incident management β Part 3: Guidelines for ICT incident response operations
4179:
3719:
3714:
3416:
3344:
2840:
2748:
2698:
2457:
1790:
1785:
526:
512:
3106:
3051:
2830:
2815:
2795:
2073:
1493:
989:
4069:
3154:
3061:
2850:
2825:
2037:
2032:
854:"ISO/IEC WD 27035-4 β Information technology β Information security incident management β Part 4: Coordination"
441:
ISO/IEC 27050-2 β Electronic discovery β Part 2: Guidance for governance and management of electronic discovery
812:"ISO/IEC PRF TS 27022 - Information technology β Guidance on information security management system processes"
345:
ISO/IEC 27033-4 β Network security β Part 4: Securing communications between networks using security gateways
339:
ISO/IEC 27033-2 β Network security β Part 2: Guidelines for the design and implementation of network security
209:
The published ISO27K standards related to "information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection" are:
3709:
2708:
2250:
2240:
2235:
1810:
1795:
1735:
1169:
1164:
1124:
517:
414:
ISO/IEC 27037 β Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition and preservation of digital evidence
372:
ISO/IEC 27034-5 β Application security β Part 5: Protocols and application security controls data structure
3258:
3026:
3016:
2145:
1563:
1144:
948:
330:
ISO/IEC 27031 β Guidelines for information and communication technology readiness for business continuity
3849:
3739:
3300:
2447:
2310:
1957:
1331:
1179:
1149:
1042:
1032:
993:
985:
464:(guides health industry organizations on how to protect personal health information using ISO/IEC 27002)
406:
276:
ISO/IEC 27010 β Information security management for inter-sector and inter-organizational communications
230:- essentially a detailed catalog of information security controls that might be managed through the ISMS
384:
ISO/IEC 27035-1 β Information security incident management β Part 1: Principles of incident management
255:β Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems
105:
ISMS concept incorporates continuous feedback and improvement activities to respond to changes in the
4117:
4084:
3949:
3518:
3205:
3111:
2845:
2820:
2663:
2504:
1942:
1745:
1618:
1401:
58:
4049:
3046:
2785:
489:
321:
ISO/IEC TS 27022 β Guidance on information security management system processes β under development
124:
4024:
4004:
2991:
2926:
1266:
728:
399:
ISO/IEC 27036-1 β Information security for supplier relationships β Part 1: Overview and concepts
318:
ISO/IEC 27021 β Competence requirements for information security management systems professionals
70:
282:
ISO/IEC 27013 β Guideline on the integrated implementation of ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 20000-1
1820:
476:
303:β Code of practice for information security controls based on ISO/IEC 27002 for cloud services
106:
74:
62:
228:β Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection β Information security controls
3674:
2554:
2295:
1623:
772:
545:
82:
354:
ISO/IEC 27033-7 β Network security β Part 7: Guidelines for network virtualization security
3904:
3164:
2885:
2790:
2544:
2472:
2467:
2462:
1947:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
444:
ISO/IEC 27050-3 β Electronic discovery β Part 3: Code of practice for electronic discovery
110:
93:
78:
34:(also known as the 'ISMS Family of Standards', 'ISO27K', or 'ISO 27000 series') comprises
402:
ISO/IEC 27036-2 β Information security for supplier relationships β Part 2: Requirements
363:
ISO/IEC 27034-3 β Application security β Part 3: Application security management process
192:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2452:
2200:
2012:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1199:
1189:
161:
127:, an international body that meets in person (face-to-face or virtually) twice a year.
4163:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4064:
4059:
4014:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3979:
3969:
3959:
3954:
3934:
3929:
3919:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3784:
3779:
3240:
3215:
3200:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
2961:
2906:
2875:
2865:
2728:
2718:
2688:
2683:
2633:
2613:
2591:
2576:
2529:
2494:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2300:
2245:
2220:
2215:
2195:
2068:
1608:
1184:
1047:
1017:
506:
502:
498:
456:
423:
312:
306:
300:
291:
ISO/IEC TR 27015 β Information security management guidelines for financial services
258:
252:
246:
240:
234:
225:
219:
213:
121:
101:
50:
243:β Information security management β Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation
17:
4074:
4054:
3774:
3749:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3359:
3101:
3071:
2931:
2275:
2270:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2042:
1987:
1937:
1870:
1825:
1800:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1668:
1633:
1543:
1538:
1366:
1174:
940:
357:
ISO/IEC 27034-1 β Application security β Part 1: Guideline for application security
583:"ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection"
393:
ISO/IEC 27035-4 β Information security incident management β Part 4: Coordination
324:
ISO/IEC TR 27023 β Mapping the revised editions of ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002
360:
ISO/IEC 27034-2 β Application security β Part 2: Organization normative framework
3649:
3441:
3411:
3404:
3399:
3076:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2347:
2264:
1236:
765:"The Applicability of ISO/IEC27014:2013 for Use within General Medical Practice"
351:
ISO/IEC 27033-6 β Network security β Part 6: Securing wireless IP network access
97:
776:
381:
ISO/IEC 27034-7 β Application security β Part 7: Assurance prediction framework
4019:
3944:
3859:
3799:
3066:
2971:
2678:
2653:
2417:
2372:
2108:
1765:
1578:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1421:
1396:
1271:
1027:
769:
Proceedings of the 2nd
Australian Ehealth Informatics and Security Conference
366:
ISO/IEC 27034-4 β Application security β Part 4: Validation and verification
4132:
3909:
3844:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3528:
3523:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3339:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3195:
3185:
3146:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2941:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2860:
2805:
2800:
2780:
2758:
2738:
2693:
2673:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2586:
2549:
2539:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2499:
2484:
2479:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2342:
2337:
2285:
2280:
2260:
2230:
2205:
2190:
2160:
2113:
2103:
2083:
2078:
2063:
2058:
1972:
1693:
1688:
1583:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
153:
114:
920:
853:
832:
811:
790:
582:
557:
462:
ISO 27799 β Information security management in health using ISO/IEC 27002
3984:
3558:
3538:
3498:
3453:
3384:
3329:
2870:
2648:
2352:
2180:
2017:
2007:
1992:
1967:
1952:
1927:
1922:
1805:
1780:
1775:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1740:
1705:
1700:
1683:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1613:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1573:
1568:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1498:
1483:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1411:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1311:
1301:
1194:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
417:
ISO/IEC 27038 β Specification for
Digital redaction on Digital Documents
4009:
3974:
3964:
3533:
3446:
3159:
2951:
2936:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2489:
2305:
2255:
2150:
2138:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1204:
1159:
1154:
1139:
1134:
1129:
494:
287:(Mahncke assessed this standard in the context of Australian e-health.)
157:
145:
141:
89:
438:
ISO/IEC 27050-1 β Electronic discovery β Part 1: Overview and concepts
4039:
4034:
4029:
3939:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3814:
3764:
3021:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2668:
2643:
2571:
2427:
2412:
2392:
2387:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2210:
2175:
2022:
1673:
1488:
1052:
475:
Further ISO27K standards are in preparation covering aspects such as
447:
ISO/IEC 27050-4 β Electronic discovery β Part 4: Technical readiness
3889:
2509:
216:β Information security management systems β Overview and vocabulary
88:
The series is deliberately broad in scope, covering more than just
3769:
3759:
3754:
3744:
3654:
3583:
3056:
3031:
2753:
2638:
2290:
2155:
2027:
2002:
1997:
1977:
1351:
1321:
1316:
1037:
1022:
1012:
1007:
902:. International Organization for Standardization. 16 February 2021
336:
ISO/IEC 27033-1 β Network security β Part 1: Overview and concepts
261:β Guidelines for information security management systems auditing
315:β Information security for process control in the energy industry
3914:
3829:
3426:
3269:
2703:
2566:
2559:
2225:
2170:
1770:
1381:
764:
237:β Information security management system implementation guidance
3273:
944:
793:. International Organization for Standardization. 23 April 2013
3608:
3190:
2880:
1932:
172:
378:
ISO/IEC 27034-6 β Application security β Part 6: Case studies
267:
ISO/IEC TR 27008 β Guidance for auditors on ISMS controls
636:
546:
ISO Freely
Available Standards - see ISO/IEC 27000:2018
269:(focused on auditing the information security controls)
659:"ISO - International Organization for Standardization"
327:
ISO/IEC 27028 β Guidance on ISO/IEC 27002 attributes
4141:
3642:
3307:
3173:
2899:
2051:
1000:
523:Standard of Good Practice for Information Security
752:. International Organization for Standardization.
297:ISO/IEC TR 27016 β Information security economics
285:ISO/IEC 27014 β Information security governance.
249:β Guidance on managing information security risks
150:Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)
881:. International Organization for Standardization
856:. International Organization for Standardization
835:. International Organization for Standardization
814:. International Organization for Standardization
731:. International Organization for Standardization
710:. International Organization for Standardization
657:International Organization for Standardization.
587:International Organization for Standardization
562:International Organization for Standardization
40:International Organization for Standardization
3285:
956:
8:
490:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 - IT Security techniques
497:, the original British Standard from which
333:ISO/IEC 27032 β Guideline for cybersecurity
263:(focused on auditing the management system)
122:ISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1)
3292:
3278:
3270:
963:
949:
941:
432:ISO/IEC 27042 β Analyzing digital evidence
4149:International Electrotechnical Commission
44:International Electrotechnical Commission
538:
429:ISO/IEC 27041 β Investigation assurance
623:"David Lacey on the Origins of ISO27K"
435:ISO/IEC 27043 β Incident investigation
67:information security management system
706:Gasiorowski, Elizabeth (2016-12-16).
7:
420:ISO/IEC 27039 β Intrusion prevention
144:part 1:1999. The initial release of
607:Jake Kouns, Daniel Minoli (2011).
65:βwithin the context of an overall
25:
4175:Information technology management
120:The standards are the product of
81:), environmental protection (the
3254:
3253:
771:. held on the 2nd-4th December.
625:. Tripwire.com. 18 October 2013.
177:
85:) and other management systems.
156:published the first version of
55:information security management
36:information security standards
27:Information security standards
1:
100:issues. It is applicable to
69:(ISMS), similar in design to
4196:
527:Information Security Forum
513:Document management system
3249:
982:
186:This article needs to be
38:published jointly by the
777:10.4225/75/5798124731b3f
900:"ISO/IEC TS 27110:2021"
879:ISO Standards Catalogue
763:Mahncke, R. J. (2013).
125:SC 27 (Subcommittee 27)
407:supply chain security
4170:ISO/IEC 27000 family
921:"ISO/IEC 27557:2022"
683:"ISO/IEC 27001:2022"
61:through information
49:The series provides
32:ISO/IEC 27000 family
18:ISO/IEC 27000-series
395:(under development)
368:(under development)
57:βthe management of
53:recommendations on
976:by standard number
611:. Somerset: Wiley.
518:SarbanesβOxley Act
426:β Storage security
71:management systems
4180:ISO/IEC standards
4157:
4156:
3267:
3266:
990:ISO romanizations
663:standards.iso.org
637:"Home Β« I-4"
525:published by the
477:digital forensics
207:
206:
75:quality assurance
63:security controls
59:information risks
16:(Redirected from
4187:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3271:
3257:
3256:
977:
965:
958:
951:
942:
935:
934:
932:
931:
917:
911:
910:
908:
907:
896:
890:
889:
887:
886:
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
787:
781:
780:
760:
754:
753:
746:
740:
739:
737:
736:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
703:
697:
696:
694:
693:
679:
673:
672:
670:
669:
654:
648:
647:
645:
644:
633:
627:
626:
619:
613:
612:
604:
598:
597:
595:
593:
579:
573:
572:
570:
568:
554:
548:
543:
202:
199:
193:
181:
180:
173:
83:ISO 14000 series
21:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4137:
3638:
3303:
3298:
3268:
3263:
3245:
3169:
2895:
2047:
996:
978:
975:
969:
939:
938:
929:
927:
919:
918:
914:
905:
903:
898:
897:
893:
884:
882:
875:"ISO/IEC 27040"
873:
872:
868:
859:
857:
852:
851:
847:
838:
836:
831:
830:
826:
817:
815:
810:
809:
805:
796:
794:
789:
788:
784:
762:
761:
757:
750:"ISO/IEC 27014"
748:
747:
743:
734:
732:
727:
726:
722:
713:
711:
705:
704:
700:
691:
689:
681:
680:
676:
667:
665:
656:
655:
651:
642:
640:
635:
634:
630:
621:
620:
616:
606:
605:
601:
591:
589:
581:
580:
576:
566:
564:
556:
555:
551:
544:
540:
535:
486:
472:
293:(now withdrawn)
203:
197:
194:
191:
182:
178:
171:
137:
111:vulnerabilities
94:confidentiality
79:ISO 9000 series
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4193:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
983:
980:
979:
970:
968:
967:
960:
953:
945:
937:
936:
912:
891:
866:
845:
824:
803:
782:
755:
741:
720:
698:
674:
649:
639:. I4online.com
628:
614:
599:
574:
549:
537:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
520:
515:
510:
492:
485:
482:
481:
480:
471:
470:In preparation
468:
467:
466:
460:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
403:
400:
397:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
310:
304:
298:
295:
289:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
265:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
223:
217:
205:
204:
185:
183:
176:
170:
167:
162:Donn B. Parker
136:
133:
113:or impacts of
42:(ISO) and the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4192:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:IEC standards
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
994:IEC standards
991:
987:
986:ISO standards
981:
973:
966:
961:
959:
954:
952:
947:
946:
943:
926:
922:
916:
913:
901:
895:
892:
880:
876:
870:
867:
855:
849:
846:
834:
828:
825:
813:
807:
804:
792:
786:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
759:
756:
751:
745:
742:
730:
724:
721:
709:
702:
699:
688:
684:
678:
675:
664:
660:
653:
650:
638:
632:
629:
624:
618:
615:
610:
603:
600:
588:
584:
578:
575:
563:
559:
553:
550:
547:
542:
539:
532:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
508:
507:ISO/IEC 27001
504:
503:ISO/IEC 27002
500:
499:ISO/IEC 17799
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
478:
474:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
457:ISO/IEC 27701
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
424:ISO/IEC 27040
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
408:
404:
401:
398:
396:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
369:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:ISO/IEC 27019
311:
308:
307:ISO/IEC 27018
305:
302:
301:ISO/IEC 27017
299:
296:
294:
290:
288:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
270:
266:
264:
260:
259:ISO/IEC 27007
257:
254:
253:ISO/IEC 27006
251:
248:
247:ISO/IEC 27005
245:
242:
241:ISO/IEC 27004
239:
236:
235:ISO/IEC 27003
233:
231:
227:
226:ISO/IEC 27002
224:
221:
220:ISO/IEC 27001
218:
215:
214:ISO/IEC 27000
212:
211:
210:
201:
189:
184:
175:
174:
168:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
135:Early history
134:
132:
128:
126:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
103:
102:organizations
99:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:best practice
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4085:27000-series
3112:27000 series
928:. Retrieved
924:
915:
904:. Retrieved
894:
883:. Retrieved
878:
869:
858:. Retrieved
848:
837:. Retrieved
827:
816:. Retrieved
806:
795:. Retrieved
785:
768:
758:
744:
733:. Retrieved
723:
712:. Retrieved
701:
690:. Retrieved
686:
677:
666:. Retrieved
662:
652:
641:. Retrieved
631:
617:
608:
602:
590:. Retrieved
577:
565:. Retrieved
552:
541:
509:were derived
463:
394:
367:
292:
286:
268:
262:
229:
208:
195:
187:
169:Publications
146:BS 7799
142:BS 7799
138:
129:
119:
87:
48:
31:
29:
2900:20000β29999
2052:10000β19999
592:13 February
567:13 February
98:IT security
4164:Categories
2679:16949 (TS)
2276:11941 (TR)
974:standards
930:2023-02-09
906:2021-06-04
885:2014-06-15
860:2021-01-21
839:2021-01-21
818:2021-01-21
797:2018-04-03
735:2022-11-08
714:2017-04-15
692:2022-11-08
668:2023-02-13
643:2017-04-15
533:References
2634:15926 WIP
1998:9592/9593
1923:9000/9001
1811:8805/8806
198:July 2024
154:BSI Group
115:incidents
3259:Category
984:List of
484:See also
4142:Related
3855:13522-5
3643:ISO/IEC
3534:62014-4
3447:61131-9
3442:61131-3
3412:60906-1
3405:60870-6
3400:60870-5
3160:29199-2
3032:23094-2
3027:23094-1
3017:23090-3
2886:19794-5
2881:19775-1
2669:16612-2
2659:16355-1
2348:13406-2
2306:12234-2
2074:10118-3
495:BS 7799
188:updated
158:BS 7799
107:threats
90:privacy
46:(IEC).
3174:30000+
2013:9797-1
1821:8820-5
1766:8501-1
1322:1073-2
1317:1073-1
1001:1β9999
4133:81346
4128:80000
4123:42010
4118:39075
4113:38500
4108:33001
4103:29119
4099:29110
4095:27040
4090:27002
4080:27000
4075:26300
4070:24752
4065:24744
4060:24727
4055:24707
4050:23360
4045:23270
4040:23008
4035:23003
4030:23000
4025:22537
4020:22275
4015:21827
4010:21000
4005:20802
4000:20000
3995:19788
3990:19770
3985:19757
3980:19752
3975:18181
3970:18014
3965:18004
3960:17025
3955:17024
3950:16485
3945:16262
3940:15938
3935:15897
3930:15693
3925:15511
3920:15504
3915:15445
3910:15444
3905:15408
3900:15291
3895:15288
3890:14882
3885:14651
3880:14496
3875:14443
3870:13818
3865:13816
3860:13568
3850:13346
3845:13250
3840:12207
3835:11801
3830:11544
3825:11404
3820:11179
3815:11172
3810:10967
3805:10646
3800:10279
3795:10179
3790:10165
3785:10116
3780:10021
3634:63382
3629:63119
3624:63110
3619:62700
3614:62682
3609:62680
3604:62455
3599:62386
3594:62379
3589:62366
3584:62365
3579:62351
3574:62325
3569:62304
3564:62264
3559:62262
3554:62196
3549:62061
3544:62056
3539:62026
3529:61970
3524:61968
3519:61960
3514:61883
3509:61851
3504:61850
3499:61784
3494:61511
3489:61508
3484:61499
3479:61400
3474:61360
3469:61355
3464:61334
3459:61162
3454:61158
3437:61131
3432:61030
3427:60958
3422:60929
3417:60908
3395:60870
3390:60601
3385:60559
3380:60446
3375:60364
3370:60320
3365:60309
3360:60297
3355:60269
3350:60228
3345:60112
3340:60068
3335:60063
3330:60062
3325:60038
3320:60034
3315:60027
3241:80000
3236:56000
3231:55000
3226:50001
3221:45001
3216:42010
3211:40500
3206:39075
3201:38500
3196:37001
3191:32000
3186:31000
3181:30170
3165:29500
3155:29148
3151:29110
3147:28000
3142:27729
3137:27006
3132:27005
3127:27002
3122:27001
3117:27000
3107:26324
3102:26300
3097:26262
3092:26000
3087:25964
3082:25178
3077:24728
3072:24707
3067:24617
3062:24613
3057:24517
3052:23941
3047:23360
3042:23271
3037:23270
3022:23092
3012:23009
3007:23008
3002:23003
2997:23000
2992:22537
2987:22395
2982:22301
2977:22300
2972:22275
2967:22000
2962:21827
2957:21500
2952:21122
2947:21047
2942:21001
2937:21000
2932:20830
2927:20802
2922:20400
2917:20121
2912:20022
2907:20000
2891:19831
2876:19770
2871:19757
2866:19752
2861:19600
2856:19510
2851:19509
2846:19508
2841:19507
2836:19506
2831:19505
2826:19503
2821:19502
2816:19501
2811:19500
2806:19439
2801:19407
2796:19136
2791:19125
2786:19115
2781:19114
2764:19092
2759:19011
2754:19005
2749:18916
2744:18629
2739:18245
2734:18181
2729:18014
2724:18004
2719:17799
2714:17506
2709:17442
2704:17369
2699:17203
2694:17100
2689:17025
2684:17024
2674:16750
2664:16485
2654:16262
2649:16023
2644:15938
2639:15930
2629:15926
2624:15924
2619:15919
2614:15897
2609:15707
2597:15706
2592:15693
2587:15686
2582:15511
2577:15504
2572:15438
2567:15445
2550:15444
2545:15408
2540:15398
2535:15291
2530:15288
2525:15189
2520:15022
2515:14971
2510:14882
2505:14764
2500:14698
2495:14651
2490:14649
2485:14644
2480:14617
2428:14496
2423:14443
2418:14396
2413:14289
2408:14224
2403:14031
2398:14000
2393:13818
2388:13816
2383:13616
2378:13584
2373:13568
2368:13567
2363:13490
2358:13485
2353:13450
2343:13399
2338:13250
2333:13216
2316:13211
2311:12620
2301:12207
2296:12182
2291:12052
2286:12006
2281:11992
2271:11941
2261:11940
2256:11898
2251:11889
2246:11801
2241:11785
2236:11784
2231:11783
2226:11544
2221:11404
2216:11179
2211:11172
2206:11170
2201:11073
2196:10967
2191:10962
2186:10957
2181:10861
2176:10746
2171:10664
2166:10646
2161:10628
2156:10589
2151:10585
2146:10383
2114:10303
2109:10279
2104:10218
2099:10206
2094:10179
2089:10165
2084:10161
2079:10160
2069:10116
2064:10007
2059:10006
77:(the
3775:9995
3770:9945
3765:9899
3760:9593
3755:9592
3750:9529
3745:9496
3740:9293
3735:9126
3730:8859
3725:8652
3720:8632
3715:8613
3710:7942
3705:7816
3700:7813
3695:7812
3690:7811
3685:7810
3680:6523
3675:6429
3670:5218
3665:4909
3660:2022
3655:1989
2139:-238
2043:9995
2038:9985
2033:9984
2028:9945
2023:9899
2018:9897
2008:9660
2003:9594
1993:9564
1988:9529
1983:9506
1978:9496
1973:9407
1968:9362
1963:9314
1958:9293
1953:9241
1948:9227
1943:9141
1938:9126
1933:9075
1928:9036
1918:8879
1871:-8-I
1826:8859
1816:8807
1806:8691
1801:8652
1796:8651
1791:8632
1786:8613
1781:8601
1776:8583
1771:8571
1761:8373
1756:8217
1751:8178
1746:8093
1741:8000
1736:7942
1731:7816
1726:7813
1721:7812
1716:7811
1711:7810
1706:7736
1701:7637
1689:7498
1684:7200
1679:7185
1674:7098
1669:7064
1664:7027
1659:7010
1654:7002
1649:7001
1644:6943
1639:6709
1634:6523
1629:6438
1624:6429
1619:6425
1614:6385
1609:6373
1604:6346
1599:6344
1594:6166
1589:5964
1584:5807
1579:5800
1574:5776
1569:5775
1564:5725
1559:5428
1554:5427
1549:5426
1544:5218
1539:4909
1534:4217
1529:4165
1524:4157
1519:4031
1514:3977
1509:3950
1504:3901
1499:3864
1494:3602
1489:3601
1484:3307
1479:3297
1457:3166
1452:3103
1447:3029
1442:2921
1437:2852
1432:2848
1427:2788
1422:2720
1417:2711
1412:2709
1407:2533
1402:2281
1397:2240
1392:2146
1387:2145
1382:2108
1377:2047
1372:2033
1367:2022
1362:2015
1357:2014
1352:1989
1347:1745
1342:1629
1337:1538
1332:1413
1327:1155
1312:1007
1307:1004
1302:1000
1125:68-1
594:2023
569:2023
505:and
96:and
73:for
30:The
3650:646
3308:IEC
2473:-20
2468:-17
2463:-14
2458:-12
2453:-11
2448:-10
2134:-28
2129:-22
2124:-21
2119:-11
1911:-16
1906:-15
1901:-14
1896:-13
1891:-12
1886:-11
1881:-10
1297:999
1292:965
1287:898
1282:860
1277:843
1272:838
1267:764
1262:732
1257:704
1252:690
1247:668
1242:657
1237:646
1205:639
1200:519
1195:518
1190:500
1185:361
1180:306
1175:302
1170:262
1165:261
1160:259
1155:233
1150:228
1145:226
1140:217
1135:216
1130:128
1118:-13
1113:-12
1108:-11
1103:-10
972:ISO
925:ISO
773:doi
687:ISO
4166::
2774:-2
2769:-1
2602:-2
2560:-9
2555:-3
2443:-6
2438:-3
2433:-2
2326:-2
2321:-1
2265:-2
1876:-9
1866:-8
1861:-7
1856:-6
1851:-5
1846:-4
1841:-3
1836:-2
1831:-1
1694:-1
1472:-3
1467:-2
1462:-1
1230:-6
1225:-5
1220:-3
1215:-2
1210:-1
1098:-9
1093:-8
1088:-7
1083:-6
1078:-5
1073:-4
1068:-3
1063:-1
1058:-0
1053:31
1048:17
1043:16
992:β
988:β
923:.
877:.
767:.
685:.
661:.
585:.
560:.
501:,
117:.
109:,
92:,
3293:e
3286:t
3279:v
2267:)
2263:(
1038:9
1033:7
1028:6
1023:4
1018:3
1013:2
1008:1
964:e
957:t
950:v
933:.
909:.
888:.
863:.
842:.
821:.
800:.
779:.
775::
738:.
717:.
695:.
671:.
646:.
596:.
571:.
200:)
196:(
190:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.