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reviewed the trilogy positively, saying " marshals the language of tiny details, from naval and military terminology to food and clothes and interiors, from boudoir to battlefield, in order to bolster our sense of how enormous and wide-ranging were the effects of this period of history, and of the
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in the trilogy. He suggests "one weakness of Ghosh’s first installment in the Ibis
Trilogy is his failure to read Victorian primary sources with a sufficiently critical eye," but that he "remains a historiographical torchbearer who over much of his career has explored the past connections and
868:
Although he said the trilogy was completed, Ghosh suggested in 2015 that "at some point, I may return to these characters. I don’t feel I have parted from the characters yet." In March 2019, it was announced that a television series based on the books would be directed by
218:. The series has received critical acclaim and academic attention for its historical research, themes and ambition. A television series adaptation was announced to be in development in 2019. Ghosh released a 2023 non-fiction book
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during the 1830s, which was causing widespread addiction in the country, but was a lucrative endeavour for
British and American merchants. After diplomatic attempts to end it failed, in 1839, Chinese Commissioner
326:— at opium's destination, where tensions between local authorities and international traders begin to escalate. The second instalment follows the inhabitants of two other ships caught in the same storm as the
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five out of five stars, saying "few writers have combined popular and literary styles in a Hong Kong-set book better than Amitav Ghosh", and commended the series for its narrative, humour and exploration of
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to fiction writing. It took Ghosh 10 years to complete the series and he conducted enough research during the writing process to publish several academic texts on Indian Ocean naval history.
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1811:
2306:
1068:
677:, Anjali Vaidya praised the series, saying "Against this exquisitely researched historical backdrop, the tale of Britain’s victory and China’s loss reaches the levels of
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and been proposed as blurring the line between historical fact and fiction. Ghosh uses the trade of opium as a narrative device to explore the history and legacy of the
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232:
1838:
623:. Water, rivers etc., are an important aspect of life there, even in Bengali art and cinema. Personally, water is an essential part of my imaginative landscape."
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1874:
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584:, and suggests opium was essential to the economic survival of the British Empire. Ghosh also uses the opium trade to discuss it as an early form of
533:. Beginning in 2004, he travelled to libraries across China, Hong Kong and Singapore to research the setting and utilised his academic training as a
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unforgiving, brutalising opium trade in particular, how greatly it shaped international relations, communities and patterns of migration." In
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643:. He supplements his prose in the series with at least 23 languages other than English, and has described this multilingual mix as "zubben".
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region, the trilogy has been suggested as proposing the region an alternative space for discussing colonial history, as a region with
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in Ghosh’s skilled hands — there are few storytellers alive today in the
English language as gifted as Amitav Ghosh." She said that
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in the trade and subsequent conflict, an area that had attracted little prior popular or academic attention. At the time, India was
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was the strongest entry, whereas the other two could sometimes be "weighed down at times by the research that went into them".
399:. Pidgins are used as a common language spoken by characters of different nationalities, particularly in the naval profession.
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1692:
1400:
887:, a non-fiction book about the history of the opium trade, based on the research he had compiled whilst writing the trilogy.
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region, but found numerous links to the opium trade through researching this. He said in 2008 that he was inspired to begin
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2013:
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The series' themes stem from the asymmetrical relations that arose through the opium wars, including abundance and
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includes a "Chrestomathy" which describes the meanings and origins of several words that appear throughout.
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1600:"An Eco-Critical Analysis of Climate Change and the Unthinkable in Amitav Ghosh's Fiction and Non-Fiction"
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narrative, touching on the transformation and use of natural resources for economic means, as well as
483:, so little has been written. Historians have tended to write the military history of the war but the
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1753:"Man Asian Literary Prize - News - Seven novels make Man Asian Literary Prize's strongest shortlist"
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267:. Most of the main characters meet for the first time on the ship. The series is set during the
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descent. In addition to their native tongues, the novels also introduce the readers to various
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462:. These events had global implications and were important steps in the later expansion of the
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607:. Ghosh also uses the series to explore the unequal interpretation of history by focusing on
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Land, River, Sea: The
Articulated Space of the Indian Ocean in Amitav Ghosh's Ibis Trilogy
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599:, intimacy and exclusion, chance and fate, and authority. With a narrative that spans the
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938:"Flood of Fire by Amitav Ghosh review – the final instalment of an extraordinary trilogy"
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as a response to what he viewed as the "historical amnesia about war and empire" of the
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1641:"Opium cities, carbon routes: World-ecological prehistory in Amitav Ghosh's Hong Kong"
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and its impact across the Indian Ocean region, including leading to the foundation of
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580:. He also raises ethical questions regarding the trade of opium, such as the role of
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1901:"'Vikings' Creator Michael Hirst to Pen 'Ibis Trilogy' Adaptation for Endemol Shine"
1875:"'Elizabeth' Helmer Shekhar Kapur to Direct 'Ibis Trilogy' Series for Endemol Shine"
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Ghosh manipulates and uses different languages in the series to touch on themes of
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Ghosh has described water as a key theme of the series. He said in 2015: "I’m from
600:
500: – Writer Amitav Ghosh on researching the historical background to the series.
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Guilhamon, Lise (2018). "The confluences of history and fiction in Amitav Ghosh's
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1926:"Amitav Ghosh's new non-fiction book 'Smoke and Ashes' to release in July 2023"
1812:"Celebrating writing at the 14th Raymond Crossword Book Award - Times of India"
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1000:"'Flood of Fire' brings the astounding, exceptional 'Ibis Trilogy' to a close"
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The novels depict a range of characters from different cultures, ethnicities,
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1688:"Amitav Ghosh and the Art of Thick Description: History in the Ibis Trilogy"
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convergences of the Indian Ocean world well ahead of the academic curve."
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A Sense of
History: The Poetics of Opium in Amitav Ghosh's Ibis Trilogy
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1342:"Amitav Ghosh's zubben: Confluence of languages in the Ibis trilogy"
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was announced as the writer of the series. In 2023, Ghosh published
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in the port of Canton. The
British Navy retaliated, triggering the
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Depiction of
British opium ships off the coast of China in 1824 by
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was very much an Indian war — finances, transport vessels, Indian
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1553:"The Novels of Amitav Ghosh and the Integral Hegemony of Inglish"
1132:"Free trade and the Opium Wars through the lens of Amitav Ghosh"
1040:"It's been a very intense process: Amitav Ghosh on Ibis Trilogy"
1970:
1839:"Lit for Life: The Hindu Prize for 2015 goes to Easterine Kire"
137:
1103:"A Clash Of Civilizations: The Ibis Trilogy By Amitav Ghosh"
425:. This period of history provides the inspiration for the
1506:"Amitav Ghosh's SEA OF POPPIES: Speaking Weird English"
1069:"Author Amitav Ghosh's epic trilogy ends in Hong Kong"
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era and describe people's everyday experiences of the
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based on his research from the writing of the series.
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The trilogy was for the most part well received. In
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2005:
1396:"Empire and Exile: Reflections on the Ibis Trilogy"
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1962:Opium's Empire: Amitav Ghosh on the Ibis trilogy
719:, Mark Frost discussed Ghosh's credentials as a
655:The series has also been described as having an
454:. The British defeated China and signed several
970:"Amitav Ghosh's Ibis trilogy: The story so far"
469:
194:region during the 1830s in the lead-up to the
1982:
8:
517:. He was initially inspired by the lives of
21:
2307:Indian novels adapted into television shows
1173:"The Final Installment of the Ibis Trilogy"
568:The series has been described as a work of
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1989:
1975:
1967:
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505:Ghosh particularly focuses on the role of
308:, but runs into a major storm and faces a
198:. It particularly focuses on the trade of
16:Work of historical fiction by Amitav Ghosh
2144:Dancing in Cambodia and at Large in Burma
1615:
1421:
1236:"'Opium financed British rule in India'"
873:and produced by Artists Studio, part of
922:
437:trilogy is set to the backdrop of the
20:
1551:Cowaloosur, Vedita (2 January 2015).
1449:Beretta, Carlotta (28 October 2021).
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1258:"Amitav Ghosh and his Sea of Poppies"
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1728:"DSC Prize 2013 shortlist announced"
1476:Shlachter, Zack (6 September 2011).
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785:DSC Prize for South Asian Literature
248:The trilogy gets its names from the
2227:Indian historical novels in English
1394:Anderson, Clare (5 December 2016).
446:ordered a ban on the trade and the
1726:Nair, Supriya (21 November 2012).
1686:Frost, Mark R. (5 December 2016).
1639:Vandertop, Caitlin (4 July 2019).
1306:Raimondi, Luca (28 October 2021).
1101:Trip, Culture (28 February 2013).
352:culminates in the outbreak of the
244:in 1834, as depicted in the series
14:
1837:Hamid, Zubeda (16 January 2016).
1755:. 13 January 2012. Archived from
1504:Han, Stephanie (1 October 2013).
1292:. Vol. 56. pp. 137–139.
1171:Vaidya, Anjali (29 August 2015).
2312:Television shows based on novels
1899:Ritman, Alex (4 December 2019).
1478:"River of Smoke by Amitav Ghosh"
275:region amid the build-up to the
259:that is repurposed to transport
112:Print (hardback & paperback)
1873:Bhushan, Nyay (25 March 2019).
1645:Journal of Postcolonial Writing
1598:Vincent, Suhasini (June 2018).
1346:Journal of Postcolonial Writing
1289:Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle
2357:Books about the British Empire
2302:Book series introduced in 2008
2267:Novels set in the Qing dynasty
2222:Indian English-language novels
1693:The American Historical Review
1401:The American Historical Review
1075:. 10 June 2015. Archived from
968:Sharma, Saloni (26 May 2015).
716:The American Historical Review
190:, the story is set across the
1:
1657:10.1080/17449855.2018.1562491
1569:10.1080/00138398.2015.1045157
1358:10.1080/17449855.2017.1406393
1340:Kertzer, Jon (4 March 2018).
1206:Ziya Us Salam (6 June 2015).
605:extensive international trade
550:Colonialism and globalisation
458:, allowing them to take over
375:and traders and officials of
334:, a vessel carrying opium to
1522:10.1080/00144940.2013.842150
1130:Kumar, P. c (3 March 2017).
2392:Historical novels by series
2367:Works about Chinese history
2322:Works about the British Raj
2247:Novels set in British India
1178:Los Angeles Review of Books
674:Los Angeles Review of Books
395:and variants spoken by the
367:and genders. This includes
2408:
2387:Nonlinear narrative novels
2372:Works about Indian history
539:historiographical approach
515:British East India Company
406:
322:— particularly around the
304:and convicts destined for
2377:Penguin Books book series
2337:Books about globalization
1557:English Studies in Africa
1004:Christian Science Monitor
852:The Hindu Literary Prize
761:
751:
743:
740:
737:
734:
611:people and perspectives.
519:Indian indentured workers
413:History of opium in China
391:, including the original
29:
2317:Novels about colonialism
2217:Fiction set in the 1830s
2165:Incendiary Circumstances
1073:South China Morning Post
815:The Hindu Literary Prize
800:Man Asian Literary Prize
698:South China Morning Post
448:destruction of all opium
2347:Novels set in the 1830s
2272:Novels set in Mauritius
2262:Novels set in Hong Kong
2257:Novels set in Guangdong
2158:The Imam and the Indian
2030:The Calcutta Chromosome
1208:"'The trilogy is over'"
651:Ecology and environment
570:postcolonial literature
521:who emigrated from the
279:. The series follows a
210:and the trafficking of
188:postcolonial literature
2237:Novels by Amitav Ghosh
2128:Non-fiction and essays
1905:The Hollywood Reporter
1879:The Hollywood Reporter
1779:"Seven that stood out"
1706:10.1093/ahr/121.5.1537
1414:10.1093/ahr/121.5.1523
864:Future and adaptations
565:
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430:
393:Chinese Pidgin English
245:
2252:Novels set in Kolkata
2172:The Great Derangement
557:
535:social anthropologist
531:2003 invasion of Iraq
420:
407:Further information:
403:Historical background
240:being transported to
235:
2362:Novels about slavery
2342:Works about language
2014:The Circle of Reason
839:for English Fiction
837:Crossword Book Award
439:opium trade in China
423:William John Huggins
344:botanical expedition
238:indentured labourers
165:, consisting of the
2352:Novels set on ships
2327:Environmental books
2287:Postcolonial novels
2187:The Living Mountain
1079:on 18 November 2022
875:Endemol Shine Group
302:indentured servants
281:nonlinear narrative
26:
2232:Literary trilogies
2180:The Nutmeg's Curse
2136:In an Antique Land
1930:The Times of India
1818:. 30 November 2016
1816:The Times of India
1785:. 1 October 2011.
1759:on 13 January 2012
701:, James Kidd gave
566:
527:The Sea of Poppies
431:
346:, also to Canton.
324:Thirteen Factories
246:
186:(2015). A work of
159:historical fiction
93:Historical fiction
2242:Works about opium
2204:
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1932:. 26 April 2023.
1462:978-90-04-36034-1
1319:978-90-04-36034-1
1262:Radio Open Source
1006:. 4 August 2015.
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635:, globalisation,
590:commercialisation
373:Bengali Zamindars
161:by Indian writer
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1651:(4): 527–540.
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1510:The Explicator
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1483:Paste Magazine
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2297:2010s novels
2292:2000s novels
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2020:
2012:
1999:Amitav Ghosh
1941:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1878:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1842:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1782:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1697:
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1487:. Retrieved
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1405:
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1308:
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1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1182:. Retrieved
1176:
1147:. Retrieved
1135:
1110:. Retrieved
1107:Culture Trip
1106:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1072:
1048:. Retrieved
1043:
1015:. Retrieved
1003:
977:. Retrieved
973:
946:. Retrieved
942:The Guardian
941:
908:
901:
882:
867:
855:Shortlisted
826:
819:Shortlisted
804:Shortlisted
789:Shortlisted
774:
767:Shortlisted
752:
714:
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691:The Guardian
689:
687:
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670:
657:eco-critical
654:
644:
641:ineffability
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601:Indian Ocean
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471:There is no
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273:Indian Ocean
249:
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192:Indian Ocean
181:
175:
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163:Amitav Ghosh
152:
151:
149:
140:.amitavghosh
125:No. of books
67:Amitav Ghosh
49:
41:
33:
22:
18:
2117:Jungle Nama
1563:(1): 1–13.
1489:18 November
1083:18 November
708:realpolitik
621:West Bengal
271:across the
180:(2011) and
2277:Opium Wars
2211:Categories
2054:Gun Island
1910:13 October
1884:13 October
1858:14 October
1822:14 October
1796:14 October
1763:14 October
1737:14 October
1711:13 October
1604:Humanities
1429:7 February
1423:2381/38100
1286:trilogy".
1267:13 October
1242:14 October
1184:13 October
1149:14 October
1112:13 October
1050:13 October
1017:13 October
979:14 October
948:7 February
917:References
371:peasants,
338:, and the
318:is set in
257:slave ship
109:Media type
2151:Countdown
1997:Works by
1938:0971-8257
1853:0971-751X
1844:The Hindu
1791:0971-751X
1783:The Hindu
1673:166091370
1665:1744-9855
1626:2076-0787
1610:(2): 59.
1585:161889294
1577:0013-8398
1538:161174005
1530:0014-4940
1455:. Brill.
1374:165805953
1366:1744-9855
1312:. Brill.
1212:The Hindu
1144:0971-751X
1136:The Hindu
1012:0882-7729
721:historian
667:Reception
609:subaltern
485:Opium War
475:. On the
460:Hong Kong
358:Hong Kong
306:Mauritius
300:carrying
265:girmityas
242:Mauritius
216:Mauritius
212:girmityas
115:Audiobook
99:Publisher
2282:Ghazipur
2067:The Ibis
1943:1 August
891:See also
633:diaspora
627:Language
574:colonial
511:governed
444:Lin Zexu
429:trilogy.
298:Calcutta
254:schooner
228:Synopsis
202:between
174:(2008),
81:Language
2069:trilogy
903:Tai-Pan
744:Result
597:poverty
564:in 2011
513:by the
397:lascars
389:pidgins
381:Chinese
377:British
340:Redruth
332:Anahita
155:trilogy
133:Website
84:English
73:Country
25:trilogy
2197:(2023)
2189:(2022)
2183:(2021)
2175:(2016)
2167:(2006)
2161:(2002)
2153:(1999)
2147:(1998)
2139:(1992)
2120:(2021)
2097:(2015)
2089:(2011)
2081:(2008)
2057:(2019)
2049:(2004)
2041:(2000)
2033:(1995)
2025:(1988)
2017:(1986)
2006:Novels
1936:
1851:
1789:
1671:
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1624:
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1316:
1217:17 May
1142:
1010:
974:Quartz
741:Award
735:Title
728:Awards
537:for a
493:Bohras
489:Parsis
481:Canton
477:Indian
369:Bihari
336:Canton
330:— the
310:mutiny
292:, the
167:novels
119:E-book
63:Author
54:(2015)
46:(2011)
38:(2008)
2109:Verse
1669:S2CID
1581:S2CID
1534:S2CID
1370:S2CID
849:2015
833:2016
811:2011
796:2011
781:2013
759:2008
738:Year
615:Water
523:Bihar
507:India
385:Parsi
320:China
269:1830s
261:opium
208:China
204:India
200:opium
89:Genre
76:India
1945:2023
1934:ISSN
1912:2022
1886:2022
1860:2022
1849:ISSN
1824:2022
1798:2022
1787:ISSN
1765:2022
1739:2022
1732:mint
1713:2022
1661:ISSN
1622:ISSN
1573:ISSN
1526:ISSN
1491:2022
1457:ISBN
1431:2022
1362:ISSN
1314:ISBN
1284:Ibis
1269:2022
1244:2022
1219:2017
1186:2022
1151:2022
1140:ISSN
1114:2022
1085:2022
1052:2022
1019:2022
1008:ISSN
981:2022
950:2022
842:Won
747:Ref
639:and
588:and
435:Ibis
433:The
427:Ibis
411:and
383:and
328:Ibis
294:Ibis
263:and
252:, a
250:Ibis
206:and
153:Ibis
150:The
142:.com
23:Ibis
1702:doi
1698:121
1653:doi
1612:doi
1565:doi
1518:doi
1418:hdl
1410:doi
1406:121
1354:doi
713:In
286:In
214:to
138:www
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491:,
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1990:e
1983:t
1976:v
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128:3
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