1202:, and subject to time. From this conflict, which later caused Maimonides to dispute the authority of Aristotle in all matters transcendental, Ibn Daud was not able to extricate himself; and, therefore, he rather tries to glide over the existing difficulties than to solve them. For he represents the course of creation as a series of creative acts; which recalls Gabirol's doctrine concerning the succession of the various substances. But he himself subsequently admits that this was only a hypothesis to satisfy the need of giving an architectonic finish to our notions, intended to mark that gradual process of things which would result, had creation really gone through all the stages of existence, from primary matter, which is imperceptible to us, to all individual things, though some of these stages may be regarded as partly existing only in abstract notions. To concede the possibility of such a gradual process of creation, however, would be, according to ibn Daud, a contradiction of our conception of God's mode of acting.
1291:, Ibn Daud (whom Maimonides follows in many ways in his conception of prophecy) further argues that the gift of prophecy must not be considered as a phenomenon, interrupting the continuity of the development of the human mind, but in a certain sense as the final stage of a natural evolution whose lower phases, though they must be distinguished from prophecy proper, are nevertheless connected with the same faculty through a certain identity of nature. And even if the true stage of prophecy is reached, this gift is, nevertheless, still capable of progressive development, although it may exceptionally at once reach the highest perfection in particularly gifted individuals.
1251:
a renunciation of a positive conception of the Divine Being; for negative statements may suffice to prevent erroneous ideas, but a positive knowledge can never be obtained through them alone. Indeed, our whole knowledge of God is limited to two certainties, (1) that It exists and (2) that Its essence is incomprehensible. In addition to the negative attributes, only relative attributes can be predicated of God; for even these latter, however many may be assumed, since they do not apply to the essence of God but only to Its relation to the world, produce no modification in the notion of the unity of the Divine Being.
1186:
they seem to contradict one another, to seek a mode of reconciling them. Ibn Daud insists that, however highly philosophy may be valued, the religion of
Judaism is preferable. Knowledge, which had been acquired by philosophers through the evolution of several thousand years, and after overcoming the most serious errors, had been bestowed upon Judaism from the beginning through revelation. As to moral truths, it may be even assumed as probable that the philosophers did not attain to them through independent study, but rather under the influence of the doctrines of Holy Scripture.
188:
1340:
morality, by purifying and ennobling himself. The Torah, and the study of ethics which forms a part of practical philosophy and is designated, by an expression borrowed from Plato, as the "doctrine of the healing of souls," are the guiding stars to this exalted plane; but no scientific presentation of practical philosophy approaches in this regard the lofty heights of the
Scriptures, wherein are clearly expressed the most sublime moral principles known to philosophers.
1336:. In its strict and precise form, the notion of possibility is not at all antagonistic to the omniscience of God; for it is easily conceivable that God from the beginning regulated creation, so that for certain cases both alternatives should be "possible" events; that the Creator, in order to grant to human liberty the opportunity to display its own energy, left the final issue of certain actions undecided even for His own knowledge.
1198:. According to Aristotle, all coming into being results from the fusion of matter into a certain form; matter, therefore, is the necessary basis for any genesis; primary matter itself, as the substance common to all things existent, must, therefore, be without beginning and must be eternal. But the acceptance of pre-existent and eternal matter cannot be reconciled with the Biblical history of creation, which implies a
1255:
an event that is reported to have taken place publicly before a great body of men, which originated, so to say, under the control of public opinion, without having been disputed by contemporaries, and has descended with an uninterrupted continuity, is persuasive which cannot be controverted even by the professional logician. The trustworthiness of historical tradition forms a presumption in favour of the truth of
1162:, although he does not adopt his views on the freedom of the will, notwithstanding that the solution of this problem was to be the chief aim and purpose of his whole system. On the other hand, his attitude toward Gabirol was entirely antagonistic, and even in the preface to his "Emunah Ramah" he pitilessly condemned Gabirol's "Fountain of Life." Being the first strict Aristotelian among the Jews—who considered
1051:, which had been the centre of Jewish scholarship for centuries, were travelling across the Mediterranean by ship in 990. Their ship was captured by a royal Spanish fleet and all four rabbis were sold into slavery at different points around the Mediterranean. In each place where the rabbis were sold as slaves, the local Jewish communities bought their freedom. One of the slaves was
1328:
this world in no way contradict the wisdom and goodness of God. The defects appear only to a finite conception which considers things separately and in themselves, and not in their connection with the whole. Viewed from a higher standpoint the imperfections adhering to things or individuals would perhaps, in their relation to the whole, even prove to be perfections and advantages.
1222:, who Itself, as First Cause, can not have any other cause of motion above It, and must, therefore, be thought of as motionless. The Prime Mover is God. But this proof of the existence of God leaves still open two important questions relating to the truth of our knowledge of God: one concerning the incorporeality, and the other respecting the unity of God.
1745:
1237:
But as a being of necessary existence, God must also be absolutely simple and single; inasmuch as the conception of a plurality in its essence would, at the same time, nullify the notion of the necessity of Its existence. For the consolidation of this plurality into a unity must have been effected by
1250:
from the older Arabic theology. According to Ibn Daud, only negative attributes, in the strict and proper sense, can be imputed to God; so that, whatever multiplicity of these negative attributes may be ascribed to It, no multiplicity in the essence of God can result. Certainly this is equivalent to
1241:
From the notion of absolute unity results the conception of the uniqueness of God; for if two beings of this kind could exist, the unity of God would be nullified, since to one, at least, of the units a special character must be attributed so as to distinguish it from the other. With the doctrine of
1339:
Ibn Daud admits that human free will is somewhat limited through the variety of moral dispositions, partly due to natural causes, to be found both in single individuals and in entire nations. But man is able to overcome his natural disposition and appetites, and to lift himself to a higher plane of
1254:
From the speculative doctrines of faith, the truth of which can be proved only by reasoning, are to be distinguished the historical dogmas whose authenticity is based principally upon divine revelation, or (more precisely) upon the historical tradition of such a revelation. The tradition concerning
1331:
The human free-will as a subjective principle has for its objective correlate the notion of possibility, by which one of two alternatives may occur. This does not limit divine omniscience in any way; unless, misled by common usage, one should designate as "possible" those things whose undetermined
1327:
in the world, because God can not be the author of evil and good at the same time, is refuted by the fact that evil has no existence in itself, but is only the natural result of the absence of actual good, and that, consequently, evil needs no creator. The defects and imperfections which appear in
1185:
True philosophy, according to Ibn Daud, does not entice us from religion; it tends rather to strengthen and solidify it. Moreover, it is the duty of every thinking Jew to become acquainted with the harmony existing between the fundamental doctrines of
Judaism and those of philosophy, and, wherever
1343:
The ceremonial laws also serve the purpose of moral education. Therefore, they too qualify as moral laws; although when compared with the doctrines of faith and the ethical laws proper, they have only a subordinate importance, just as the Bible also attribute to the sacrifices a relatively minor
1233:
thing can be infinite itself; nor can infinite force be attributed to it. But the Prime Mover is infinite; for, since it itself is without motion, its force also remains unaffected by the motion of change and transformation. Therefore, the Prime Mover—that is, God—cannot be corporeal.
1259:. This trust only applies when the divine revelations apply to important public matters, but not when they relate to less important matters, or to the personal affairs of a single individual. Thus, as ibn Daud remarks (perhaps referring to the miracles attributed to
1178:. Impartial enough to accord to childlike faith its full rights, Ibn Daud desired also to defend the rights of reason, and, consequently, resisted with the utmost energy any attempt to set bounds to science; regarding this as a culpable encroachment upon the
1294:
The connection between the mind of the prophet and the higher intellects, principally with the Active
Intelligence, furnishes a sufficient explanation of the higher cognitive faculty of the prophet, as well as of his power of transcending
1332:
state results not from their own essence, but only from our deficient knowledge of the essence. But this kind of possibility, which, indeed, is no possibility at all, must be eliminated from God as quite irreconcilable with His
1238:
another being different from itself; hence the existence of this plural being would be no more necessary, that is, determined by its own essence, but would be dependent upon that other being which brought about the unification.
1210:
As to the doctrine of God, Abraham ibn Daud, like
Aristotle and his Arabic interpreters, proceeding from the principle of motion, and basing his argument upon the proof of the impossibility of a
1078:, died some thirty years before the story took place, and that the legend of Rabbi Moshe, disguised as a pauper, surprising scholars in a Torah study session was nearly identical to the rise of
1059:. When he began attending Torah classes and giving brilliant answers to questions, the community recognized him as a prodigious scholar and made him their leader; this transferred what
1242:
the unity of God is connected the doctrine of the divine attributes, which is preceded in
Abraham ibn Daud's system by the doctrine of the negative attributes, already accepted by
860:
3037:
1194:
It is true that on certain points ibn Daud could not always avoid conflict with the doctrines of
Aristotle: this was especially true regarding Aristotle's theory of
1477:
1047:
In his book he attempted to explain how the pre-Inquisition
Spanish Jewish community became the centre of the Jewish world by claiming that four rabbis from
896:
3027:
1848:
1399:
486:
1353:
1126:
mentions Ibn Daud as the only Jewish philosopher among the predecessors of
Maimonides. But having been completely overshadowed by Maimonides'
3047:
1461:
1426:
1263:), the authenticity of the Torah would be in a difficult situation if, instead of being based historically certain miracles such as those of
187:
1299:. Appointed to become an intermediary between God and man, the prophet is elevated almost to the plane of the separated intelligences, or
2411:
2246:
1373:
Gad
Freudenthal (2016). "Abraham Ibn Daud, Avendauth, Dominicus Gundissalinus and Practical Mathematics in Mid-Twelfth Century Toledo".
1093:(The Sublime Faith), written in 1168, in Arabic, has been preserved in two Hebrew translations: one by Solomon ben Labi, with the title
3022:
1900:
1323:, may be regarded as much nearer its solution. The objection that faith in a divine providence is inconsistent with the existence of
1122:
and which differs from former systems of philosophy mainly in its more thorough systematic form derived from Aristotle. Accordingly,
3042:
2639:
1145:), a work to which Maimonides himself was indebted for many valuable suggestions, received scant notice from later philosophers.
2644:
889:
2782:
2628:
2466:
2461:
1311:
Based upon the philosophical system developed above, and after the exposition of the doctrine of faith, the problem of human
1174:, to be the only true philosophers—Ibn Daud was provoked to constant opposition by the doctrines of Gabirol, who represented
2501:
2396:
2252:
2039:
663:
129:
2986:
2899:
2598:
2391:
2357:
953:
668:
481:
2862:
2506:
2308:
2258:
2126:
2045:
3032:
2762:
2654:
2531:
2476:
2240:
882:
830:
783:
562:
1821:
A Critical Edition with a Translation and Notes of "The Book of Tradition" (Sefer Ha-Qabbalah) by Abraham ibn Daud
2894:
2884:
2878:
2821:
2772:
2511:
815:
693:
597:
471:
380:
244:
1148:
The only Jewish philosophical works that Ibn Daud had before him, according to his own statement, were Saadia's
2971:
2961:
2481:
2379:
2303:
2298:
1951:
1086:
658:
1869:
2889:
2827:
2719:
2664:
2610:
2554:
1764:
1229:
of God, it follows logically from the notion of infinity which belongs to the First Cause of motion that no
1128:
748:
267:
3052:
2699:
2694:
2669:
2278:
2149:
1893:
942:
922:
778:
718:
688:
448:
385:
165:
1861:
3012:
2914:
2909:
2028:
1956:
1931:
1219:
728:
698:
592:
1040:
to his own time, is replete with valuable general information, especially relating to the time of the
3017:
2976:
2868:
2586:
2526:
840:
582:
547:
430:
2991:
2797:
2747:
2729:
2704:
2659:
2496:
2441:
2327:
2273:
2268:
2228:
2182:
1155:
1019:
845:
330:
198:
2981:
2951:
2945:
2649:
2604:
2592:
2536:
2456:
2367:
2362:
2234:
1990:
1471:
855:
850:
820:
773:
753:
602:
577:
355:
325:
282:
2491:
1843:
1755:
2956:
2919:
2904:
2850:
2792:
2679:
2559:
2516:
2426:
2406:
2337:
2293:
2205:
2143:
2114:
2055:
2050:
1996:
1941:
1936:
1886:
1457:
1432:
1422:
1316:
1199:
1115:
1075:
1056:
1005:
968:
743:
733:
723:
638:
572:
567:
400:
375:
335:
179:
1453:
A critical edition with a translation and notes of the Book of Tradition: (Sefer Ha-Qabbalah)
2873:
2815:
2709:
2634:
2616:
2574:
2565:
2471:
2446:
2416:
2385:
2373:
2352:
2263:
2200:
2167:
2161:
2108:
2034:
2008:
1985:
1946:
1382:
1243:
1150:
1079:
1052:
1033:
810:
758:
453:
395:
360:
340:
307:
2940:
2935:
2856:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2724:
2689:
2684:
2580:
2486:
2451:
2431:
2401:
2288:
2177:
2155:
2075:
2018:
2013:
1873:
1816:
1098:
1071:
1029:
1010:
933:
913:
768:
617:
425:
415:
2132:
2103:
2070:
1759:
1320:
1123:
835:
703:
673:
653:
648:
643:
607:
587:
405:
3006:
2752:
2436:
2172:
2137:
2120:
2060:
2002:
1749:
1247:
1195:
988:
972:
825:
708:
683:
2832:
2674:
2622:
2342:
2283:
2080:
1980:
1925:
1917:
1175:
1028:, i.e. the "Order of Tradition"), in which he fiercely attacked the contentions of
763:
612:
345:
297:
1856:
1778:, with Latin translation by G. Génébrard, Mantua, 1519, Paris, 1572, Cracow, 1820;
2521:
2217:
2098:
2023:
1333:
1296:
1226:
1215:
1159:
964:
713:
678:
491:
476:
410:
370:
228:
2966:
2714:
2211:
1975:
1436:
1119:
956:
738:
524:
514:
509:
420:
390:
365:
287:
213:
2223:
2090:
1312:
1163:
1060:
1048:
960:
529:
292:
223:
218:
1416:
1456:. The Littman Library of Jewish civilization. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
1386:
2192:
1909:
1288:
1284:
1256:
1171:
1167:
991:. Some scholars believe he was the Arabic-into-Latin translator known as
622:
302:
1748: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1182:
plan, who did not endow man with the faculty of thought without intent.
17:
2807:
2739:
2546:
2347:
1267:, it were supported only by private miracles such the resurrections by
519:
1451:
1097:; the other by Samuel Motot. Labi's translation was retranslated into
2318:
1601:
1272:
1268:
1230:
1085:
An astronomical work written by him in 1180 is favourably noticed by
1070:
contains numerous impossibilities and inaccuracies. Jewish historian
1041:
976:
865:
1866:
1003:
His chronicle, a work written in Hebrew in 1161 under the title of
2842:
2569:
2421:
2332:
1966:
1300:
1264:
1260:
1037:
249:
1529:
See Kaufmann, "Studien über Solomon ibn Gabirol," Budapest, 1899.
1324:
1024:'Book of Tradition'; some manuscripts give the title as
1882:
1179:
1878:
1538:
ib. pp. 23, 50, 62; German trans., pp. 30, 65, 78
1823:. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America.
1074:
noted that the alleged leader of the Spanish royal fleet,
154:
Integration of Aristotelian philosophy with Jewish thought
27:
12th century Spanish astronomer, historian and philosopher
1511:"Emunah Ramah," p. 2, or in German trans., p. 3
1803:
Die Religionsphilosophie des Abraham ibn Daud aus Toledo
1450:
Ibn-Daʾud, Avraham ben Daṿid ha-Leṿi 1110-1180 (1969).
1721:
ib. pp. 98, 101; German trans., pp. 126, 130
1520:"Emunah Ramah," p. 98; German trans., p. 125
1063:
called the 'crown of Torah' from Babylonia to Spain.
979:
about 1180. He is sometimes known by the abbreviation
1418:
PEOPLE LOVE DEAD JEWS: reports from a haunted present
1158:. On the one hand, he fully recognized the merits of
1756:"ABRAHAM IBN DAUD HALEVI (= DAVID); called Ben Daud"
1649:
ib. pp. 78, 81; German trans., pp. 98, 103
947:
927:
2928:
2841:
2806:
2738:
2545:
2317:
2191:
2089:
1965:
1916:
1036:by the establishment of a chain of traditions from
148:
138:
128:
120:
112:
92:
84:
76:
68:
56:
44:
32:
1791:, German translation by S. Weil, Frankfort, 1882;
1114:Ibn Daud was the first to introduce the phase of
1796:Die Religionsphilosophie des Abraham ben David
1344:importance in comparison with the moral laws.
1894:
918:אַבְרָהָם בֶּן־דָּוִד הַלֵּוִי אִבְּן דָּאוּד
890:
40:אַבְרָהָם בֶּן־דָּוִד הַלֵּוִי אִבְּן דָּאוּד
8:
1133:
1730:ib. p. 102; German trans., p. 131
1556:ib. p. 101; German trans., p. 130
1476:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1901:
1887:
1879:
1703:ib. p. 97; German trans., p. 124
1694:ib. p. 96; German trans., p. 123
1685:ib. p. 95; German trans., p. 121
1667:ib. p. 80; German trans., p. 101
1044:and to the history of the Jews in Spain.
897:
883:
170:
29:
1857:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
1830:Séfer ha-Kabbaláh (Libro de la Tradición)
1676:ib. p. 73; German trans., p. 91
1658:ib. p. 71; German trans., p. 89
1640:ib. p. 69; German trans., p. 87
1631:ib. p. 54; German trans., p. 69
1622:ib. p. 56; German trans., p. 71
1574:ib. p. 49; German trans., p. 63
1565:ib. p. 47; German trans., p. 60
1547:ib. p. 62; German trans., p. 79
971:about 1110; who was said to have died in
1613:ib. p. 5; German trans., p. 65
3038:12th-century historians from al-Andalus
1365:
510:Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
178:
1469:
1354:Latin translations of the 12th century
929:ʾAvrāhām ben-Dāvīd halLēvī ʾībən Dāʾūd
1055:who was freed in the Spanish city of
7:
1405:"Ibn Daud, Abraham Ben David Halevi"
1134:
1014:
937:
917:
1770:It has the following bibliography:
88:Philosopher, Historian, Astronomer
25:
3028:12th-century rabbis in al-Andalus
1214:, arrives at the conception of a
1118:which is generally attributed to
2640:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
1768:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1743:
1154:, and "The Fountain of Life" by
186:
2645:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
1315:and its relation to faith in a
1101:and published by Simshon Weil.
987:. His maternal grandfather was
147:
2783:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
2629:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
2467:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
2462:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
1283:Relying upon the doctrines of
454:Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
1:
2502:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
2397:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
2253:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
2040:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
1832:. Valencia: Anubar Ediciones.
1166:and his Arabic commentators,
3048:Medieval Jewish philosophers
2987:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
2900:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
2599:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
2358:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
669:Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
144:Jewish law, Ethics, Theology
2863:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
2507:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
2259:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
2127:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
2046:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
1867:ibn Daud at Sephardic Sages
1844:Jewish Encyclopedia article
948:
928:
3069:
2763:Eliyahu Menachem of London
2655:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
2532:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
2477:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
2241:David ben Levi of Narbonne
1089:. His philosophical work,
784:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
664:Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
163:
3023:People from Toledo, Spain
2895:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
2773:Jacob ben Judah of London
2512:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
1754:J. Guttmann (1901–1906).
1087:Isaac Israeli the Younger
1066:The account described in
694:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
487:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
245:Aristobulus of Alexandria
158:
108:
39:
2972:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
2962:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
2482:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
2412:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
2380:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
2304:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
1952:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
1592:"Hovot ha-Levavot," 1:10
659:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
3043:Philosophers of Judaism
2828:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
2720:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
2665:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
2611:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
2555:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
1765:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1218:of all motion, or of a
1200:creation out of nothing
1141:("The Sublime Creed") (
1129:Guide for the Perplexed
2700:Jacob ben Judah Landau
2695:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
2670:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
2279:Abraham of Montpellier
2150:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
1762:; et al. (eds.).
1212:regressus in infinitum
1190:Dissent from Aristotle
1053:Rabbi Hanoch ben Moshe
719:Isaac Orobio de Castro
689:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
386:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
166:RABaD (disambiguation)
2915:Isaac ben Melchizedek
2910:Joseph Colon Trabotto
2595:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
2255:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
2029:Isaac ben Moses Arama
1957:Shemariah ben Elhanan
1932:Chananel ben Chushiel
1850:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1828:Bages, Jaime (1972).
1794:Joseph Guggenheimer,
1401:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1387:10.2979/aleph.16.1.61
1132:, Abraham ibn Daud's
1110:Aristotelian approach
729:Samuel David Luzzatto
699:Samson Raphael Hirsch
320:Spanish and European:
288:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
2992:Nethanel ben Isaiah
2977:Nathan ben Abraham I
2869:Obadiah of Bertinoro
2587:Mordechai ben Hillel
2527:Shemaiah of Soissons
1819:, Gerson D. (1967).
1783:Mediæval Jew. Chron.
1421:. S.l.: W W NORTON.
431:Judah Leon Abravanel
164:For other uses, see
2881:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
2798:Berechiah de Nicole
2748:Aaron of Canterbury
2730:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
2705:Samuel ben Natronai
2660:Judah ben Kalonymus
2625:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
2328:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
2274:Asher ben Meshullam
2269:Meshullam ben Jacob
2229:Isaac ben Abba Mari
2183:Judah ben Barzillai
1490:"Yesod 'Olam," 4:18
1415:HORN, DARA (2022).
1156:Solomon ibn Gabirol
1139:Al-'aqida ar-Rafi'a
861:Microcosm–macrocosm
779:Joseph Soloveitchik
449:Natan'el al-Fayyumi
250:Philo of Alexandria
174:Part of a series on
116:Medieval philosophy
2982:Hillel ben Eliakim
2952:Zerahiah the Greek
2946:Tobiah ben Eliezer
2818:(Terumat HaDeshen)
2650:Samson ben Eliezer
2605:Eliezer ben Nathan
2593:Meir of Rothenburg
2562:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
2537:Ephraim ben Samson
2457:Eliezer of Touques
2368:Eliezer ben Samuel
2363:Yom Tov of Falaise
2235:Abraham ben Nathan
2031:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
1969:(except Catalonia)
1872:2006-07-09 at the
1862:Britannica article
1805:, Göttingen, 1879.
1279:Theory of prophecy
1091:al-ʿaqida l-Rafiya
949:ʾIbrāhīm ibn Daʾūd
774:Abraham Isaac Kook
754:Monsieur Chouchani
356:Joseph ibn Tzaddik
326:Hasdai ibn Shaprut
293:Ismaili philosophy
283:Brethren of Purity
103:al-ʿaqida l-Rafiya
3033:Jewish historians
3000:
2999:
2957:Isaac ben Dorbolo
2920:Judah Messer Leon
2905:Hillel ben Samuel
2851:Nathan ben Jehiel
2793:Yom Tov of Joigny
2680:Israel of Bamberg
2631:(Yehudah haHasid)
2560:Gershom ben Judah
2517:Menahem ben Helbo
2427:Peretz ben Elijah
2407:Judah ben Yom Tov
2338:List of Tosafists
2321:(except Provence)
2309:Jonathan of Lunel
2299:Isaac of Narbonne
2294:Samuel ibn Tibbon
2206:Abraham ben David
2144:Isaac ben Sheshet
2115:Shlomo ibn Aderet
2056:Maimon ben Joseph
2051:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
1997:Joseph ibn Migash
1942:Zechariah Aghmati
1937:Dunash ben Labrat
1798:, Augsburg, 1850;
1776:Sefer ha-Kabbalah
1463:978-0-7100-6241-3
1428:978-1-324-03594-7
1317:divine providence
1307:On predestination
1116:Jewish philosophy
1076:Abd al-Rahman III
1068:Sefer ha-Qabbalah
1026:Seder ha-Qabbalah
1023:
1006:Sefer ha-Qabbalah
946:
926:
907:
906:
744:Eliezer Berkovits
734:Elijah Benamozegh
724:Moses Mendelssohn
639:Francisco Sanches
598:Reconstructionist
401:Isaac ben Sheshet
396:Moses of Narbonne
376:Samuel ibn Tibbon
336:Abraham bar Hiyya
180:Jewish philosophy
162:
161:
124:Jewish philosophy
99:Sefer ha-Qabbalah
16:(Redirected from
3060:
2874:Menahem Recanati
2816:Israel Isserlein
2710:Alexander Suslin
2635:Yaakov ben Yakar
2617:Eleazar of Worms
2575:Asher ben Jehiel
2566:Simeon bar Isaac
2497:Samuel of Évreux
2472:Baruch ben Isaac
2447:Samson of Chinon
2442:Jacob of Orléans
2417:Yechiel of Paris
2386:Judah ben Nathan
2374:Isaac ben Samuel
2353:Solomon ben Meir
2264:Moshe ha-Darshan
2247:Moses ben Joseph
2201:Hachmei Provence
2168:Azriel of Gerona
2164:(Nimmukei Yosef)
2162:Joseph ibn Habib
2158:(Maggid Mishneh)
2123:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
2109:Nissim of Gerona
2066:Abraham ibn Daud
2035:Rabbenu Yerucham
2009:Bahya ibn Paquda
1991:Yom Tov Asevilli
1986:Abraham ibn Ezra
1947:Nissim ben Jacob
1903:
1896:
1889:
1880:
1833:
1824:
1769:
1747:
1746:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1412:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1370:
1244:Bahya ibn Paquda
1151:Emunoth ve-Deoth
1137:
1136:
1080:Hillel the Elder
1034:Rabbinic Judaism
1018:
1016:
951:
941:
939:
931:
921:
919:
910:Abraham ibn Daud
899:
892:
885:
802:
759:Emmanuel Levinas
550:
381:Joseph ben Judah
361:Abraham ibn Ezra
351:Abraham ibn Daud
341:Bahya ibn Paquda
308:Rabbinic Judaism
270:
201:
190:
171:
95:
80:Rabad I, Ravad I
77:Other names
34:Abraham ibn Daud
30:
21:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2941:Elijah Mizrachi
2936:Isaac Abarbanel
2924:
2857:Isaiah di Trani
2837:
2822:Isaac of Vienna
2802:
2788:Moses of London
2778:Josce of London
2768:Hagin Deulacres
2758:Elias of London
2734:
2725:Simha of Speyer
2690:Judah ben Asher
2685:Ephraim of Bonn
2581:Jacob ben Asher
2541:
2492:Moses of Évreux
2487:Meir ben Samuel
2452:Jacob of Chinon
2432:Eliezer of Toul
2402:Elijah of Paris
2313:
2289:Isaac the Blind
2187:
2178:Judah ben Yakar
2156:Vidal of Tolosa
2085:
2076:Jonah ibn Janah
2019:David Abudirham
2014:Bahya ben Asher
1961:
1912:
1907:
1874:Wayback Machine
1840:
1827:
1815:
1812:
1760:Singer, Isidore
1753:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1468:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1429:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1398:
1394:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1350:
1309:
1281:
1208:
1192:
1135:العقيدة الرفيعة
1112:
1107:
1001:
938:ابراهيم بن داود
903:
874:
873:
870:
803:
800:
793:
792:
789:
788:
769:Gershom Scholem
749:Eliyahu Dessler
628:
627:
551:
546:
539:
538:
535:
534:
497:
496:
459:
458:
436:
435:
426:Isaac Abarbanel
416:Elia del Medigo
313:
312:
271:
266:
259:
258:
255:
254:
234:
233:
202:
197:
169:
151:
141:
134:Aristotelianism
93:
64:
61:
52:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2583:(Baal HaTurim)
2578:
2572:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2133:Hasdai Crescas
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2104:Menachem Meiri
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:Moses ibn Ezra
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1839:
1838:External links
1836:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1712:"Gorgias," 464
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1492:
1483:
1462:
1442:
1427:
1407:
1392:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1321:predestination
1308:
1305:
1280:
1277:
1227:incorporeality
1207:
1204:
1191:
1188:
1124:Hasdai Crescas
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1032:and justified
1000:
997:
969:Córdoba, Spain
954:Spanish-Jewish
905:
904:
902:
901:
894:
887:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
807:
804:
799:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
704:Jacob Abendana
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
674:Tzvi Ashkenazi
671:
666:
661:
656:
654:Salomon Maimon
651:
649:Baruch Spinoza
646:
644:Uriel da Costa
641:
635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Existentialist
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
559:
555:
552:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
506:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
468:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
445:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
406:Hasdai Crescas
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
322:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
279:
277:Influenced by:
275:
272:
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
241:
237:
235:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
210:
206:
203:
196:
195:
192:
191:
183:
182:
176:
175:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
140:Main interests
139:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
96:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
54:
53:
51:Córdoba, Spain
50:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3065:
3054:
3053:Chronologists
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Benjamin Anaw
2883:
2880:
2879:Zedekiah Anaw
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Aaron of York
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Chaim Paltiel
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Moshe Chalava
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:Aharon HaLevi
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:(Baal HaMaor)
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:Yonah Gerondi
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Isaac Aboab I
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:Meir Abulafia
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:J. Guttmann,
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1750:public domain
1742:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1248:Judah ha-Levi
1245:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1008:
1007:
998:
996:
994:
990:
989:Isaac Albalia
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:Toledo, Spain
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:
950:
944:
935:
930:
924:
915:
911:
900:
895:
893:
888:
886:
881:
880:
878:
877:
867:
866:Righteousness
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:Chosen people
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
805:
797:
796:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:Isaac Cardoso
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:Samuel Hirsch
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
634:
630:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
558:
554:
553:
549:
543:
542:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
505:
501:
500:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:Isaac Israeli
470:
469:
467:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
444:
440:
439:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
321:
317:
316:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
278:
274:
273:
269:
263:
262:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
240:
236:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
209:
205:
204:
200:
194:
193:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
173:
172:
167:
157:
153:
150:Notable ideas
143:
137:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
91:
87:
85:Occupation(s)
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:Toledo, Spain
59:
55:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
3013:1110s births
2948:(Lekach Tov)
2833:Isaac Tyrnau
2675:Israel Bruna
2623:Meir HaKohen
2376:(Ri HaZaken)
2343:Rabbeinu Tam
2284:Joseph Caspi
2081:Abraham Saba
2065:
1981:Judah Halevi
1926:Isaac Alfasi
1918:North Africa
1849:
1829:
1820:
1802:
1795:
1789:Emunah Ramah
1788:
1782:
1775:
1763:
1738:Bibliography
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1452:
1445:
1417:
1410:
1400:
1395:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1310:
1293:
1282:
1253:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1211:
1209:
1193:
1184:
1176:Neoplatonism
1149:
1147:
1143:Emunah Ramah
1142:
1138:
1127:
1113:
1095:Emunah Ramah
1094:
1090:
1084:
1072:Gerson Cohen
1067:
1065:
1046:
1025:
1004:
1002:
992:
984:
980:
909:
908:
764:Martin Buber
632:
583:Conservative
556:
503:
465:
442:
350:
346:Judah Halevi
319:
298:Jewish Kalam
276:
238:
207:
102:
98:
94:Notable work
3018:1180 deaths
2853:(the Aruch)
2589:(Mordechai)
2522:Simeon Kara
2392:Bechor Shor
2243:(HaMichtam)
2218:David Kimhi
2099:Nachmanides
2042:(Migdal Oz)
2024:Joseph Albo
1999:(Ri Migash)
1502:, chapter 1
1334:omniscience
1297:natural law
1220:Prime Mover
1216:First Cause
1160:Saadia Gaon
965:philosopher
821:Eschatology
714:David Nieto
679:Jacob Emden
613:Neo-Hasidic
492:Ibn Kammuna
482:al-Mukkamas
477:Saadia Gaon
411:Joseph Albo
371:Nachmanides
331:Ibn Gabirol
199:Hellenistic
69:Nationality
3007:Categories
2967:Moses Taku
2890:Judah Anav
2824:(Or Zarua)
2715:Jacob Weil
2237:(HaManhig)
2212:Gersonides
2152:(Tashbatz)
1976:Maimonides
1781:Neubauer,
1437:1294287545
1360:References
1225:As to the
1120:Maimonides
1105:Philosophy
967:; born in
957:astronomer
739:Moses Hess
557:Positions:
504:Positions:
421:Judah Minz
391:Gersonides
366:Maimonides
229:Boethusian
208:Positions:
2929:Elsewhere
2619:(Rokeach)
2613:(Raavyah)
2607:(Ra'aven)
2601:(Maharil)
2231:(HaIttur)
2224:Abba Mari
2091:Catalonia
1810:New Items
1500:Or Adonai
1472:cite book
1381:(1): 61.
1313:free will
1246:. and by
1231:corporeal
1164:Aristotle
1061:Dara Horn
1049:Babylonia
1015:ספר הקבלה
993:Avendauth
961:historian
943:romanized
923:romanized
851:Holocaust
841:Happiness
623:Rambamist
603:Holocaust
578:Chassidic
568:Sephardic
515:Kabbalist
443:Yemenite:
219:Sadducean
214:Hasmonean
2370:(Yereim)
2214:(Ralbag)
2208:(Raavad)
2193:Provence
2146:(Rivash)
2117:(Rashba)
1910:Rishonim
1870:Archived
1348:See also
1289:Avicenna
1285:Alfarabi
1257:prophecy
1206:Theology
1196:creation
1172:Ibn Sina
1168:Alfarabi
952:) was a
846:Holiness
563:Orthodox
530:Tosafist
525:Talmudic
303:Kabbalah
268:Medieval
224:Pharisee
18:Ibn Daud
2808:Austria
2740:England
2547:Germany
2388:(Rivan)
2382:(Semag)
2348:Rashbam
2249:(Rambi)
2220:(Radak)
2140:(Ra'ah)
2005:(Ramah)
1993:(Ritva)
1752::
1403:(2007):
1057:Córdoba
1030:Karaism
1022:
985:Ravad I
981:Rabad I
945::
925::
856:Messiah
633:People:
608:Renewal
520:Karaism
239:People:
72:Spanish
60:c. 1180
48:c. 1110
2865:(Riaz)
2577:(Rosh)
2319:France
1602:Kuzari
1460:
1435:
1425:
1301:angels
1273:Elisha
1269:Elijah
1180:Divine
1099:German
1042:Geonim
1011:Hebrew
977:martyr
934:Arabic
914:Hebrew
826:Ethics
801:Topics
618:Mussar
588:Reform
573:Chabad
548:Modern
466:Other:
130:School
121:Region
2859:(Rid)
2843:Italy
2570:Mainz
2422:Rivam
2333:Rashi
2111:(Ran)
1967:Spain
1928:(Rif)
1852:entry
1817:Cohen
1758:. In
1375:Aleph
1319:, or
1265:Moses
1261:Jesus
1038:Moses
999:Works
831:Faith
811:Anger
1785:, i;
1478:link
1458:ISBN
1433:OCLC
1423:ISBN
1325:evil
1287:and
1271:and
1170:and
1020:lit.
975:, a
963:and
57:Died
45:Born
2568:of
1604:2:2
1583:ib.
1383:doi
983:or
836:God
113:Era
3009::
1474:}}
1470:{{
1431:.
1379:16
1377:.
1303:.
1275:.
1082:.
1017:,
1013::
995:.
959:,
940:,
936::
932:;
920:,
916::
101:,
1902:e
1895:t
1888:v
1480:)
1466:.
1439:.
1389:.
1385::
1009:(
912:(
898:e
891:t
884:v
168:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
