Al-Tabari - Knowledge (XXG)

816: 859: 729:. This would have been before A.H. 244 (858), since the vizier was out of office and in exile from 244 to 248 (858–9 to 862). There is an anecdote telling that Tabari had agreed to tutor for ten dinars a month, but his teaching was so effective and the boy's writing so impressive that the teacher was offered a tray of dinars and dirhams. The ever-ethical Tabari declined the offer, saying he had undertaken to do his work at the specified amount, and could not honorably take more. That is one of a number of narratives about him declining gifts or giving gifts of equal or greater amount in return. 1229:(661–750 CE) were short monographs, each treating a major event or the circumstances attending the death of an important person. Al-Ṭabarī supplemented this material with historical reports embodied in works on genealogy, poetry, and tribal affairs. Further, details of the early ʿAbbāsid period were available to him in a few histories of the caliphs that unfortunately have come down only in the fragments preserved by al-Ṭabarī. Almost all of these accounts reflected an Iraqi perspective of the community; coupled with this is al-Ṭabarī’s scant attention to affairs in 1285:. Abul-Qaasim Ibn 'Aqil Al-Warraq says: " Imām Ibn Jarir once said to his students: “Are you all ready to write down my lesson on the commentary of the entire Holy Quran?" They enquired as to how lengthy it would be. "30 000 pages"! he replied. They said: "This would take a long time and cannot be completed in one lifetime. He therefore made it concise and kept it to 3000 pages (note, this was in reference to the old days when they used ink and hard-paper which was a bit long format today). It took him seven years to finish it from the year 283 until 290. 1313:, Nasr b. Muzahim, al-Mada'ini, 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr, al-Zuhri, Ibn Ishaq, Waqidi, Wahb b. Munabbih, Ka'b al-Ahbar, Ibn al-Matni, al Haggag b. al-Minhal, Hisham b. 'Urwa, al-Zubayr b. Bakkar and so forth, in addition to oral accounts that were circulating at the time. In recounting his history, Tabari used numerous channels to give accounts. These are both channels that are given by the same author in a work, such as for example three different accounts that start with the isnad al-Harita. 1156:

familiar with al-Tabari's chronicle knows what a formidable challenge it poses for a translator, especially for one attempting to make it accessible to an audience that includes non-specialists. There is first of all the obstacle of al-Tabari's Arabic prose, which varies greatly in style and complexity, according to the source he is using (and apparently quoting verbatim). The sections in the McAuliffe translation, drawn mostly from

1975:"Even so, the evidence of the early philologists was so strong, that for the proponents of a “foreign free” Qur’ānic reading, the similarities between some of the Arabic forms and their foreign counterparts were just coincidental, or at least, Arabic happened to use those forms first in the Qur’ān, which is the position of the celebrated Persian historian and theologian al-Ṭabarī (839 - 923 CE) in his famous Tafsīr of the Qur’ān." 2950: 836:. When he was ill, he treated himself (to the approval of physicians). He had a sense of humor, though serious subjects he treated seriously. He had studied poetry when young and enjoyed writing, reciting and participating in poetic exchanges. It is said that he was asked in Egypt about al-Tirimmah, and was able to recite this 7th century poet's work for Egyptians who had merely heard al-Tirimmah's name. 812:, and the Hanbalites were condemned by Abbasid authorities in their entirety for persecuting opponents, roughly a decade later. They even prevented people from meeting with him, and Ibn Jarir remained trapped in his home until he died. The period in which Tabari lived was full of religious differences and political unrest, which was characterized by the stigmatization and accusation of individuals. 1028: 709:, and Tabari hand-copied and transmitted many of his teacher's works. Tabari was then well-versed in four of the five remaining Sunni legal schools, before founding his own independent, yet eventually extinct, school. His debates with his former teachers and classmates were known, and served as a demonstration of said independence. Notably missing from this list is the 1933:, etc, "The Great Medieval Civilizations: cultural and scientific development. Volume 3. The great medieval civilizations. Part 1", Published by Allen and Unwin, 1975. pg 722:In the meantime another author, Tabari, Persian by origin, had been unobtrusively at work on two monumental pieces of writing, a commentary on the Koran . 1012:'Ali b. 'Isa had offered al-Tabari the opportunity to debate the matter with the Hanbalites in his residence. Al-Tabari agreed, but the Hanbalites did not show up. However, shortly before his death, Hanbalite rioters supposedly pelted his house with stones so numerous that they formed a large wall in front of it. 1500:

among those who immediately followed the great master. That al-Tabari's history was immensely significant we can all agree; but as to precisely how he became so significant there is no clear consensus. Returning to Forand's insight, al-Azdi frequently drew on the same authorities tapped by al-Tabari,

786:

was published. During the intervening years, he was a famous (if somewhat controversial) personality. Among the figures of his age, he had access to sources of information equal to anyone, except, perhaps, those who were directly connected with decision making within the government. Most, if not all,

1007:

Upon hearing this, the fanatic Hanbali followers attacked him fiercely, and stoned his residence and caused a serious disturbance which had to be subdued by force. Trouble with the Hanbalites that took a similar form was also reported at the time of al-Tabari's death. In connection with it, Nazuk is

831:

He is described as having a dark complexion, large eyes and a long beard. He was tall and slender and his hair and beard remained black until he was very old. He was attentive to his health, avoiding red meat, fats, and other foods he deemed unhealthy. He was seldom sick before his last decade, when

803:

Tabari's house, escalating the persecution to the point where Abbasid authorities had to subdue them by force. The Baghdad chief of police tried to organize a debate between Tabari and the Hanbalites to settle their differences. While Tabari accepted, the Hanbalites did not show up, but instead came

713:

school, the fourth largest legal school within Sunni Islam in the present era. Tabari's view of Ibn Hanbal, the school's founder, became decidedly negative later in life. Tabari did not give Ibn Hanbal's dissenting opinion any weight at all when considering the various views of jurists, stating that

847:

Al-Tabari was very humble to his companions, visitors and students, without being proud of his position, condescending with his knowledge, or being domineering towards others. He did not bear hatred against anyone, and he had a satisfied soul, excusing those who had wronged him, and forgiving those

958:

on behalf of the believers on the Day of Judgment. Muhammad will intercede on their behalf, so that God will relieve them of the suffering of such a situation. However, the Hanbalites interpreted the Praiseworthy Station as the seat of Muhammad by God on the Throne, despite the overall weakness of

807:

Tabari died on 17 February 923. Some sources suggest that Abbasid authorities buried Tabari at night in secret as they feared mob violence by the Hanbalites, but these reports are uncertain, and other sources agree that he was buried in the morning after his death. Either way, he was buried in his

1155:

While we still lack a satisfactory scholarly biography of this remarkable scholar, interested readers now have access to a meticulous and well-annotated translation of the sections from al-Tabari's chronicle, which constitute the most important primary source for the history of his reign. Anyone

1504:

Realistic depictions alternate with formalized and archetypal narrative. Tabari is careful to give his reports of these conquests a religious frame (expressions such as "Nu'aym wrote to 'Umar about the victory that God had given him" abound), though it is worth noting that Tabari describes the

1919:...one of the most eminent Iranian scholars of the early Abbasid era... There is thus no way of knowing for certain whether Ṭabari's family was native to the Āol region or perhaps arrived with the wave of Muslim colonists after the Abbasid revolution, either as converts or Arab settlers. 2650: 1008:

mentioned as chief of police. He was appointed to this position only in 310/922, the year al-Tabari died, but he appears to have held high positions in the police before, and may already have been in charge of al-Tabari's protection against potential Hanbalite violence. In 309/921, the

752:, he made the highly significant connection of al-Abbas ibn al-Walid ibn Mazyad al-'Udhri al-Bayruti (c. 169–270/785–86 to 883–84). Al-Abbas instructed Tabari in the Syrian school's variant readings of the Qur'an and transmitted through his father al-Walid the legal views of 2809:

Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden. Aus der arabischen Chronik des Tabari. Übersetzt und mit ausführlichen Erläuterungen und Ergänzungen versehen von Theodor Nöldeke. Leiden 1879 (Digitalisat der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt,

1019:, "The role of Hanbalite hostility, though real, seems to have been exaggerated in connection with his death as it was in his life." He further adds that "Those who knew Tabari best always played down the inconveniences he suffered from the Hanbalites." 2872:

Clifford Edmund Bosworth (Übersetzer), Vorwort von Ehsan Yarshater: Al-Tabari. The Sasanids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. State University of New York Press, Albany 1999 (erschienen in der oben genannten Reihe, behandelt die Geschichte der

2924: 950:(interpretation of the Qur'an), authors said that the Praiseworthy Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud) said in the above verse is the most highest place in Paradise, which will be granted to the Muhammad and none else, and the position of intercession ( 1509:

was making war on him every year, and when it was suggested to him that he would continue to do this until he was driven out of his kingdom" (p. 2). The religious frame in Tabari's account is therefore not inflexible or exclusive.

1316:

Although no subject in history, recitation of the Quran and its interpretation, poetry, grammar and vocabulary, ethics, mathematics, and theology remained untouched by Tabari, he is primarily known as the author and author of history.

799:, a student of the students of Ibn Hanbal. Tabari was known for his view that Hanbalism was not a legitimate school of thought, as Ibn Hanbal was a compiler of traditions and not a proper jurist. The Hanbalites of Baghdad would often 1361:

in 1999 in the United States, Albania and France. Planning for the translation of this great chronicle book into English in forty volumes began in 1971, led by Ehsan Yarshater as General Editor and assisted by an Editorial Board

2763:

The History of al-Tabari (Tarikh al-Rusul Walmuluk). Vol. XXVIII: Abbasid Authority Affirmed, the Early Years of al-Mansur A.D. 753-763/A.H. 136–145 by Al-Tabari (Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Jarir); Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Review by:

681:, who, however, had recently died (in late 855 or early 856). Tabari possibly made a pilgrimage prior to his first arrival in Baghdad. He left Baghdad probably in 242 AH (856/7 AD) to travel through the southern cities of 1080:

His legal texts, commentaries and Qur'anic exegesis, and history, produced respectively, were published throughout his lifetime. Biographers stress his reverence for scholarship, objectivity, and independent judgement

1208:

history. Tabari's work is one of the major primary sources for historians. The History commenced with the Creation, followed by accounts regarding the patriarchs, prophets, and rulers of antiquity. The history of the

645:(850/1 AD), when he was twelve. He retained close ties to his hometown. He returned at least twice, the second time in 290 AH (903 AD), when his outspokenness caused some uneasiness and led to his quick departure. 795:, were collected by him about the time the reported events took place. His accounts are as authentic as one can expect from that period. Tabari final years were marked by conflict with the Hanbalite followers of 652:, where he remained for some five years. A major teacher in Rayy was Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Razi, who had earlier taught in Baghdad, but was now in his seventies While in Ray, he also studied Muslim 1733:

The traditionalist Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 923) authored a traditionist Qur'anic exegesis, Jami'al-bayan 'an ta'wil ay al-Qur'an (or fi tafsir al-Quran), and a traditionist History of the

3036: 1217:. Although pre-Islamic influences are evident in their works, the Medinan perspective of Muslim history evolved as a theocentric (god-centred) universal history of prophecy, culminating in the career of 3117: 1347:

published the history of Tabari in French Language in four volumes in Paris. His book on the nativities and history was translated into Latin by Giovanni da Siviglia and published in Venice in 1503.

844:, and philology. Such were considered essential for Qur'anic commentary. He knew Persian and was acquainted with the origins of various foreign loan words in Arabic from a number of other languages. 840:, in his memoirs, he confirmed these features. He was witty and urbane, clean, and well mannered. He avoided coarse speech, instead displaying refined eloquence. He had a good grounding in grammar, 1501:

but whose works are for the most part now lost, such as Abu Ma'shar (170/786), Abu Mikhnaf (157/774), al-Haytham ibn 'Adi (207/822), al-Madaini (around 228/843), and 'Umar ibn Shabba (262/878).

2357:

Joel L. Kraemer, Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival During the Buyid Age, p. 61. Volume 7 of Studies in Islamic culture and history. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1992.

1600:(Egyptian Radio and Television Union) produced the first TV series that presented the life of Jarir Tabari under the name “Imam al-Tabari”, it was directed by Magdy Abou Emira starring 598:. His understanding of it was both sophisticated and remarkably fluid, and, as such, he continued to develop his ideas and thoughts on juristic matters right until the end of his life. 1160:

and 'Umar ibn Shabba, do not represent the most obscure passages to be found in al-Tabari, but they are nonetheless full of linguistic ambiguities and difficulties for the translator.

1091:

suggested him when he was near death, to forgive his enemies, which he agreed to, apart from one who called him an innovator. Tabari was generally conciliatory, moderate, and affable.

815: 890:

followers. Though his conflict with the leaders of the Zahiri school was resolved, the Hanbalites literally besieged him in his own home. Apparently, al-Tabari did not think much of

1476:

Al-Azdi was an extremely early witness to the reception of al-Tabari's text - indeed, much earlier than the sources that are customarily used to improve our understanding of the

1244:, so that his History does not have the secular “universal” outlook sometimes attributed to it. From the beginning of the Muslim era (dated from 622, the date of the hijrah—the 674:. Tabari was thus introduced in youth to pre-Islamic and early Islamic history. Tabari quotes ibn Humayd frequently, but little is known about Tabari's other teachers in Rayy. 4980: 4960: 4945: 4940: 3352: 4925: 1403: 767:. Tabari had a private income from his father while he was still living, and then the inheritance. He took money for teaching. Among Tabari's students was 3015: 1087:). He rates the credibility of his sources from a theological rather than an historical standpoint, yet he opposed religious innovation. In one anecdote, 1398:

Hungarian scholar, wrote in 1920 a book focusing on Tabari, titled in German as "Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung", and it was published by

1328:, the German orientalist in 1878 has also translated the Sassanid section of Tabari's history into German, and has since been reprinted several times. 5005: 1505:

initiation of the campaign in pragmatic rather than ideological terms. He states that 'Umar's decision to invade came as a result of his realization

763:

in 253 AH (867 AD), and some time after 256/870, he returned to Baghdad, possibly making a pilgrimage on the way. If so, he did not stay long in the

4950: 4420: 4970: 4930: 1309:

A perusal of Tabari shows that he in fact relied on a variety of historians and other authors, such as Abu Mihnaf, Sayf b. 'Umar, Ibn al-Kalbi, '

804:

later to pelt his house with stones again. The constant threat of violence from the Hanbalites hung over Tabari's head for the rest of his life.

2993:

The History of al-Tabari (Tarikh al-rusul wal-muluk). Vol. XIV: The Conquest of Iran by al-Tabari; G. Rex Smith, Review by: Hassan I. Mneimneh,

1261: 3311: 4975: 4770: 3228: 3197: 1886: 1774: 1726: 1588:, founded the Tabari History Research Structure Institute. The Jarir Tabari first international commemoration in 1989, with a suggestion by 4990: 1415: 1335:, in several volumes, translated Tabari's history book into Dutch, The book was later translated into English and republished in 1998 by 605:"flourished among Sunni ulama for two centuries after his death", before it eventually became extinct. It was commonly designated as the 943:

The verse is: And rise at ˹the last˺ part of the night, offering additional prayers, so your Lord may raise you to a station of praise.

131: 4995: 2362: 1844: 693:. There, he met a number of eminent and venerable scholars. In addition to his previous study of Hanafi law, Tabari also studied the 543:

exegesis, and has been described as "an impressively prolific polymath". He authored works on a diverse range of subjects, including

4735: 3345: 3278: 2851: 2843: 2577: 2516: 2451: 1804: 1698: 1676: 1585: 1168: 1069: 858: 3964: 2536: 796: 2935: 3565: 2800:

Osman, Ghada. "ORAL VS. WRITTEN TRANSMISSION: THE CASE OF ṬABARĪ AND IBN SAʿD." Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 May 2012.

1410:

researched the history of Tabari, and from 1987 to 1999 published the book History of Tabari entitled "Muhammad at Mecca". Also

4400: 2477: 1589: 726: 2658: 2274: 1944: 1468:

authors and researchers were prominent, they published a collection of books on the history of Tabari with different titles.

3802: 4955: 4643: 2909: 2601: 1519: 1367: 4935: 3338: 3270: 2939: 1336: 772: 2980:, Vol. 126, No. 4 (October – December 2006), pp. 521–535, Published by: American Oriental Society, Article Stable URL: 1851:

Although it eventually became extinct, Tabari's madhhab flourished among Sunni ulama for two centuries after his death.

1522:, was erected in the courtyard of the National Library of Tajikistan. There are streets and schools named after him in 924:, three Hanbalites, who do not seem further identifiable, asked al-Tabari about his views on a tradition attributed to 4749: 4522: 3575: 1256:), the History is arranged as a set of annals according to the years after the hijrah. It terminates in the year 915. 1064: 504: 1876: 1148:

agreed unanimously. Like Dawud al-Zahiri, he also held that consensus must be tied to a text and cannot be based on

775:; Ibn al-Mughallis lavished Tabari with almost excessive praise. He never took a government or a judicial position. 4575: 4337: 3550: 3175: 2569: 1766: 1705:..al-Tabarī and Ibn Khuzaymah were scholars of very great stature, their published creeds thoroughly traditionalist 1629: 31: 2624: 1221:

and not as a continuum of tribal wars and values. The sources for al-Ṭabarī's History covering the years from the

1213:

came next. For the period of Muhammad's life, al-Ṭabarī drew upon the extensive researches of 8th-century Medinan

4985: 4395: 4312: 4219: 4209: 4091: 3974: 3382: 3361: 3166: 1634: 1193: 4605: 4507: 4385: 4101: 3765: 3710: 2593: 1437: 1374: 1371: 1354: 1340: 4763: 4086: 3251: 2128:, The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law: 9th–10th Centuries C.E., p. 185. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1997. 917:

sympathies. At the same time, he incurred the wrath of the Shi'ites by defending the previous three caliphs.

4872: 4865: 4502: 4184: 4071: 3735: 3730: 1893:

the Persian-born, Baghdādī polymath Abū Jaʿfar b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī (d. 923/310) was putting the finishing ...

1581: 4805: 4798: 4678: 4615: 4322: 3944: 3887: 3877: 3740: 2900:Табари // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907. 1949:...whether the family was of indigenous stock or descended from Arab colonists in Tabaristan is unknown... 1381: 753: 3535: 4527: 4405: 4342: 3638: 3071: 1832: 1593: 544: 4543: 4280: 4122: 3663: 910: 902:), and this was enough to incite the Hanbalites against him. Al-Tabari was suddenly accused of being a 2819: 4965: 4791: 4756: 4435: 4347: 4265: 4056: 3668: 3555: 3489: 3459: 3454: 2998: 2125: 1790: 1441: 1332: 1125: 5000: 4920: 4915: 4784: 4742: 4728: 4673: 4585: 4234: 4214: 3700: 3499: 3408: 3392: 3315: 2532: 2467: 1820: 564: 1351:

translated in 1989 Tabari history book of three volumes, with title "History of the Middle East".

4668: 4648: 4492: 4487: 4239: 3989: 3170: 2783: 2748:

Abbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6–10 January 2002

2044:

Abbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of Abbasid Studies, Cambridge, 6–10 January 2002

1604:. In addition to Egypt, the biographical series was shown on Arabic channels in other countries. 1457: 1407: 1310: 737: 536: 385: 154: 4390: 3817: 2961: 1836: 1825: 1395: 1325: 1105:(Islamic law), and was welcomed by them. He established his own madhhab, usually designated the 1796:

The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History

1665:

The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon

4703: 4653: 4255: 4194: 4189: 4174: 3882: 3832: 3750: 3725: 3633: 3274: 3224: 3193: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2573: 2512: 2447: 2358: 2270: 1882: 1840: 1800: 1770: 1722: 1694: 1672: 1559: 1465: 1445: 1344: 929: 666: 630: 587: 164: 3223:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 2544: 1392:. Estelle Whelan at the Columbia Center for Iranian Studies served as Editorial Coordinator. 4858: 4812: 4497: 4380: 4275: 4270: 4224: 3827: 3613: 3387: 3185: 3158: 2775: 2739: 2504: 2035: 1668: 1624: 1567: 1425: 1399: 1293: 1245: 1052: 925: 837: 768: 678: 579: 573: 568: 258: 251: 244: 3220:

The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume I: General Introduction and from the Creation to the Flood

1406:

also published the complete History of the Prophets and Kings in 17 volumes in his center.

4777: 4698: 4041: 3999: 3797: 3715: 3246: 3214: 3154: 2500: 2310: 2137: 1601: 1433: 1389: 1385: 1358: 1348: 1226: 1210: 1144:

historically, defining it as the transmission by many authorities of reports on which the

1137: 1016: 706: 508: 482: 470: 426: 212: 4893: 4317: 3292: 2910:

The History of Al-Tabari, Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca (SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies)

1906: 2496:

The History of al-Tabari Vol. 1: General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood

1689:

Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 7: Al-Khallal and the Classical Hanbali school".

1113:. His school failed to endure in the competitive atmosphere of the times. As a youth in 4879: 4610: 4580: 4260: 3954: 3872: 3720: 3509: 3433: 3242: 3162: 3146: 1421: 1157: 779: 560: 556: 361: 629:) in the winter of 838–39. He has been described as either of Persian or Arab origin. 4909: 4826: 4410: 4096: 4081: 3939: 3919: 3867: 3837: 3438: 3428: 3238: 3189: 2666: 2636: 2609: 2548: 2433: 1571: 1506: 1489: 1461: 1449: 1378: 1197: 962:

Al-Tabari is said to have declared bluntly that it was absurd. Moreover, he recited:

660:

school. Among other material, ibn Humayd taught Jarir Tabari the historical works of

606: 548: 188: 126: 4590: 4179: 4004: 3959: 3705: 3570: 3525: 3504: 3479: 3210:, Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, (2 vols.). 3150: 2103: 1827:

Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

1485: 1453: 1234: 1136:

madhhab. It was characterized by strong scripturalist tendencies. He appears, like

955: 841: 642: 552: 17: 3643: 2891:

Ignaz Goldziher: Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung. Brill, Leiden 1920

1414:

Tabari history, Tabari interpretation and translation of Tabari history stored in

1095: 3218: 2563: 2494: 2471: 2437: 2382: 1794: 4455: 4352: 4117: 3969: 3934: 3847: 3822: 3560: 3484: 3423: 3208:

Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God

2443: 1930: 1614: 1429: 1411: 1363: 1357:, published the book History of Tabari in three volumes with an introduction by 1205: 1129: 792: 626: 493: 305: 41: 4819: 4142: 4046: 4036: 3949: 3929: 3924: 3812: 3745: 3648: 3608: 3603: 3530: 3469: 3464: 3255:, 2nd Edition. (Leiden: E. J. Brill) 12 Vols. published between 1960 and 2005. 2779: 2662: 2596:[The Jurisprudence of Disagreement and the Ordeal of Imam al-Tabari]. 2508: 2473:

The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters

2108: 1639: 1619: 1481: 1133: 1110: 1027: 951: 914: 891: 862: 809: 788: 694: 649: 622: 528: 452: 313: 91: 2951:

The History of al-Tabari (Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk) / Cambridge Dictionary

2746:

and the Genre of Usul al-Fiqh in Ninth Century Baghdad," pg. 339. Taken from

2632: 2442:. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies. Vol. 22. 1693:. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 154. 808:

home. Regardless, Tabari was remembered positively by contemporaries such as

4415: 4132: 4076: 4051: 3807: 3545: 3540: 3494: 3418: 3413: 2042:

and the Genre of Usul al-Fiqh in Ninth Century Baghdad," p. 325. Taken from

1492:. Second, since al-Azdi was writing in the decades following al-Tabari, his 1118: 1088: 1031:

Opening lines of the Quran from a Persian translation of Tabari's commentary

899: 661: 447: 38: 3066:[Congress in honor of Sheikh Historian Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari]. 2863:

General Introduction and From Creation to the Flood, Franz Rosenthal (1989)

2439:

Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm

1274: 1044: 933: 3063: 2605: 1962: 1163:

He wrote extensively; his voluminous corpus containing three main titles:

571:. Among his most famous and influential works are his Quranic commentary, 4229: 3862: 3842: 3628: 3623: 2913: 1518:

In 2015, a statue of Jarir Tabari, along with another Iranian scientist,

1302: 1218: 1214: 1040: 937: 833: 671: 516: 500: 490: 291: 2981: 4886: 3618: 3237:

C. E. Bosworth, "al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid" in

3092: 1964:

On the (Middle) Iranian borrowings in Qur'ānic (and pre-Islamic) Arabic

1575: 1555: 1222: 1114: 1098: 1083: 1036: 921: 906: 903: 887: 883: 879: 852: 800: 722: 710: 602: 591: 199: 184: 110: 3002: 2787: 714:

Ibn Hanbal had not even been a jurist at all but merely a recorder of

539:, al-Tabari is widely known for his historical works and expertise in 4137: 4127: 3994: 2751: 2113: 2047: 1563: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1535: 1523: 1298: 1297:

was begun by Tabari. This was on the traditions transmitted from the

1253: 1238: 1201: 1145: 1106: 1057: 1009: 947: 749: 715: 702: 698: 657: 638: 520: 512: 227: 217: 3330: 2301:. Vol. XXXVIII. New York: State University of New York, 1985. Print. 4851: 4833: 2754:: Peeters Publishers and the Department of Oriental Studies, 2004. 2499:. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. Vol. 1. Translated by 2267:

Poetics of Islamic Historiography: Deconstructing Ṭabarī's History

2050:: Peeters Publishers and the Department of Oriental Studies, 2004. 1543: 1249: 1241: 1230: 1149: 1026: 913:, the fourth rightly guided caliph, exposed him to accusations of 895: 814: 764: 760: 745: 741: 733: 690: 682: 540: 496: 337: 280: 174: 144: 1691:

The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E

705:

rites. Tabari's study of the latter school was with the founder,

3041: 1597: 1531: 1527: 1141: 1102: 820: 686: 653: 634: 618: 595: 532: 524: 222: 114: 95: 87: 69: 3334: 1200:

to 915, and is renowned for its detail and accuracy concerning

2653:[Imam al-Tabari: Victim of Ignorance and Fanaticism]. 3262:, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989, Volume 1. 2972:

A Local Historian's Debt to al-Ṭabarī: The Case of al-Azdī's

2489: 2487: 1047:

commentary. His principal and most influential works were:

2627:[The Ordeal of Imam al-Tabari with the Hanbalis]. 2392: 2390: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2189: 2187: 2174: 2172: 2087: 2085: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2019: 2017: 1281:), which was marked by the same fullness of detail as the 1184:

The first of the two large works, generally known as the

2997:, Vol. 28, No. 2 (May 1996), pp. 262–264, Published by: 2269:, introductio, p. xxvi. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2004. 782:

became caliph. He was well past seventy in the year his

475:أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد ٱلطَّبَرِيّ 27:

Muslim scholar, historian, and Quranic exegete (839–923)

2299:

The History of Al-Ṭabarī = Taʻrīkh al-rusul wa ʻl-mulūk

3120:[The most important Syrian historical drama]. 756:, Beirut's prominent jurist from a century earlier. 4843: 4720: 4691: 4661: 4637: 4624: 4598: 4569: 4556: 4536: 4515: 4481: 4468: 4448: 4428: 4374: 4361: 4330: 4306: 4293: 4248: 4202: 4168: 4155: 4110: 4064: 4030: 4017: 3982: 3913: 3900: 3855: 3791: 3778: 3758: 3694: 3681: 3656: 3597: 3584: 3518: 3447: 3401: 3375: 3368: 1752:, volume 13, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, p. 8943 1719:

Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation

1496:can say something about the reception of al-Tabari 412: 384: 360: 336: 312: 273: 236: 205: 195: 180: 170: 160: 150: 140: 122: 103: 80: 75: 65: 51: 1824: 1717:Freyer Stowasser, Barbara (1994). "Introduction". 1124:Al-Tabari's jurisprudence belongs to a type which 1056:('Commentary of al-Tabari'); Qur'anic commentary ( 928:, concerning the explanation of the verse 79 from 882:(independent judgement) led to criticism from the 2631:(in Arabic). Almothaqaf Newspaper. Archived from 771:, who was also a student of Tabari's own teacher 467:Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī 3273:Press, 40 Vols. published between 1989 and 2007 2832:La Chronique Histoire des prophètes et des rois. 1721:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 8. 1273:His second great work was the commentary on the 787:the materials for the histories of al-Mu'tadid, 677:Tabari then travelled to study in Baghdad under 2820:University and State Library / MENAdoc-Sammlung 725:, he took a tutoring position from the vizier, 37:Not to be confused with the Muslim scholar and 2543:. Naqshbandi Order in Montreal. Archived from 1072:), historical chronicle, often referred to as 477:; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as 3346: 2838:. Éditions Actes Sud / Sindbad 2001, Band I, 8: 2995:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2925:Prominent works of Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari 2768:International Journal of Middle East Studies 980: 968: 590:for nearly a decade before he developed his 400: 376: 352: 328: 1875:Magdalino, Paul; Nelson, Robert S. (2010). 1404:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 4634: 4566: 4478: 4371: 4303: 4165: 4027: 3910: 3788: 3691: 3594: 3372: 3353: 3339: 3331: 3176:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 3039:[About Zarinkoob About his work]. 2834:2 Bände, übersetzt aus dem Persischen von 1947:. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 535:. Among the most prominent figures of the 48: 2727: 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2537:"The Prophet's (s) Seating on the Throne" 2420: 2408: 2396: 2345: 2322: 2285: 2253: 2241: 2229: 2217: 2205: 2193: 2178: 2091: 2076: 2059: 2023: 2008: 1996: 1984: 1881:. Harvard University Press. p. 279. 1862: 1744: 1742: 954:) will be giving to him by permission of 898:), but mainly saw him as a traditionist ( 2978:Journal of the American Oriental Society 1584:and Lefebvre Lucidio in a speech at the 857: 3184:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 11–15. 2962:Set - History of al-Tabari / SUNY Press 1656: 1630:List of Persian scientists and scholars 442: 424: 4981:Muslim scholars persecuted by Hanbalis 3312:"Biographical Data: Abu Jaffar Tabari" 2507:: State University of New York Press ( 1907:"ṬABARI, ABU JAʿFAR MOḤAMMAD B. JARIR" 996:Glory to Him (God), Who has no comrade 873: 732:In his late twenties, he travelled to 641:at nine. He left home to study in 236 30:For other people named Al-Tabari, see 4961:10th-century Persian-language writers 4771:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries 2982:https://www.jstor.org/stable/20064541 1121:'s but received a hostile rejection. 778:Tabari was some fifty years old when 7: 4946:10th-century Arabic-language writers 4941:9th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 3014:Anothertravelguide.com (July 2013). 1799:. Kube Publishing Ltd. p. 182. 1763:The Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4 1416:Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi 1001:nor companion sitting on His Throne 4926:9th-century Arabic-language writers 3206:Ulrika Mårtensson, "al-Tabari", in 3003:https://www.jstor.org/stable/176433 2766:Daniel, Elton L. (1997). "Review". 2594:"فقه الاختلاف ومحنة الإمام الطَبري" 865:'s 14th century Persian version of 486: 474: 401: 377: 353: 329: 107:923 CE (aged 84) / 310 AH (aged 86) 2651:"الإمام الطبري ضحية الجهل والتعصب" 1094:Initially, Tabari belonged to the 936:about the Praiseworthy Station of 25: 4736:History of the Prophets and Kings 2742:, "Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari's 2038:, "Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari's 1586:Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies 1305:. It was not, however, completed. 1169:History of the Prophets and Kings 1070:History of the Prophets and Kings 940:, known as "al-Maqam al-Mahmud". 637:at eight, and began to study the 113:, Abbasid Caliphate (present-day 94:, Abbasid Caliphate (present-day 5006:Biographical evaluation scholars 3190:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1133 3016:"National Library of Tajikistan" 2625:"محنة الإمام الطبري مع الحنابلة" 2623:Dr. Mona Zaytoun (August 2019). 1943:Bosworth, C.E. (24 April 2012). 4951:10th-century Iranian historians 4401:Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha 3258:Franz Rosenthal, (translator), 3118:"من الزير سالم لملوك الطوائف ." 2665:on 2 February 2024 – via 2635:on 2 February 2024 – via 2608:on 2 February 2024 – via 2547:on 3 February 2024 – via 2478:As-Sunnah Foundation of America 1592:was held by Kayhan magazine at 1590:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi 1132:", largely associated with the 874:Tabari's ordeal with Hanbalites 727:Ubaydallah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan 4971:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam 4931:9th-century Iranian historians 3314:. salaam.co.uk. Archived from 2750:. Edited by James Montgomery. 2661:. 31 July 2011. Archived from 2659:Al-Ittihad (Emirati newspaper) 2166:al-Hamawi, vol. 18, pp. 57–58. 2046:. Edited by James Montgomery. 1961:Cheung, Johnny (6 June 2016), 1905:Daniel, Elton L. (2000–2013). 1878:The Old Testament in Byzantium 959:the narrations supporting it. 819:Tomb of al-Tabari in Baghdad, 797:Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-Barbahari 625:(some 20 km south of the 1: 2313:, Irshad, vol. 18, pp. 57–58. 2112:, p. 291. Ed. Rida Tajaddud. 1520:Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi 1384:, as Supervising Editor, and 1368:American University of Beirut 1321:Translations of Tabari's book 4976:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 3271:State University of New York 3037:"درباره عبدالحسین زرین‌ کوب" 2940:Oxford Bibliographies Online 1663:Jonathan A.C. Brown (2007), 1337:State University of New York 1262:The Commentary on the Qur'an 1225:’s death to the fall of the 773:Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri 577:, and historical chronicle, 4991:Iranian historians of Islam 4750:Concise History of Humanity 4523:Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi 3803:'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi 3064:"قلم سحرآمیز "استاد پاریز"" 3001:Press, Article Stable URL: 2562:Hussein Ahmad Amin (2018). 1472:Texts relating to al-Tabari 1174:Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk 1065:Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk 979: 967: 5022: 4576:Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri 4338:Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh 2882:Center for Iranian Studies 2744:al-Bayan 'an Usul al-Ahkam 2570:Edinburgh University Press 2040:al-Bayan 'an Usul al-Ahkam 1767:Cambridge University Press 1478:Tarikh al-rusul wa-l-muluk 1196:from the time of Qur'anic 832:he suffered from bouts of 633:at seven, was a qualified 36: 32:Al-Tabari (disambiguation) 29: 4996:Quranic exegesis scholars 4313:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari 4092:Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani 2780:10.1017/S0020743800064564 2511:). 1989. pp. 73–74. 1635:List of Muslim historians 982: 981: 970: 969: 791:, and the early years of 435: 417: 408: 303: 58: 4606:Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar 4386:Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi 4102:Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi 3766:Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi 3711:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi 3267:The History of al-Ţabarī 3260:The History of al-Ţabarī 2565:Sorrowful Muslim's Guide 1750:Encyclopedia of religion 1438:Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1375:University of Manchester 1372:Clifford Edmund Bosworth 1355:Clifford Edmund Bosworth 1341:Paris Diderot University 1117:, he had applied to the 909:, while his respect for 827:Personal characteristics 59: 4873:Biographical dictionary 4866:Biographical evaluation 4185:Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali 4072:Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi 3736:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad 3731:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani 3566:Abu Muhammad al-Hamdani 3265:Ehsan Yar-Shater, ed., 2373:Joel L. Kraemer, p. 62. 2116:: Dar al-Masirah, 1988. 1582:Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob 631:He memorized the Qur'an 603:school of jurisprudence 586:Al-Tabari followed the 4806:Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar 4799:History of the Caliphs 4679:Karim agha Shakikhanov 4616:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat 4323:Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali 4220:ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni 4210:Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak 3945:Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari 3888:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani 1909:. ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA 1382:Wayne State University 1032: 870: 823: 354:ٱبْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد 4764:Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya 4528:Abol-Hasan Golestaneh 4406:Osman Aga of Temesvar 4343:Muhammad Saleh Kamboh 4087:Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi 3639:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 3252:Encyclopædia of Islam 3072:Mazandaran University 2976:, Chase F. Robinson, 1833:Oneworld Publications 1769:. 1975. p. 599. 1748:Lindsay Jones (ed.), 1594:Mazandaran University 1030: 861: 818: 596:Islamic jurisprudence 4956:10th-century jurists 4792:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 4757:The Complete History 4436:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur 4348:Abd al-Fattah Fumani 4057:Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi 3490:Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar 3460:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 3297:Encyclopædia Iranica 3245:, E. van Donzel and 2999:Cambridge University 2126:Christopher Melchert 1821:A.C. Brown, Jonathan 1791:Muhammad Mojlum Khan 1442:R. Stephen Humphreys 1333:Michael Jan de Goeje 1320: 1267:Commentary al-Tabari 1126:Christopher Melchert 983:سبحان من ليس له أنيس 855:on 17 February 923. 639:prophetic traditions 4936:9th-century jurists 4729:The Meadows of Gold 4674:Ahmad bey Javanshir 4586:Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf 4235:Iskandar Beg Munshi 4215:Muhammad Khwandamir 3701:Mohammed al-Baydhaq 3500:Abu Hanifa Dinawari 3409:Hisham ibn al-Kalbi 3393:Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri 3318:on 18 December 2007 2533:Gibril Fouad Haddad 2468:Gibril Fouad Haddad 1480:, e.g., Miskawayh, 971:ولا له في عرشه جليس 617:Tabari was born in 350:Ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd 265:Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha' 18:Ibn Jarir al-Tabari 4669:Mirza Adigozal bey 4649:Ahmed Cevdet Pasha 4544:Ahmed Resmî Efendi 4493:Mohammed al-Qadiri 4488:Mohammed al-Ifrani 4416:Al-Hasan al-Burini 4240:Sharafkhan Bidlisi 3990:Hamdallah Mustawfi 3664:Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi 1458:Carole Hillenbrand 1408:W. Montgomery Watt 1331:Dutch orientalist 1311:Awana ibn al-Hakam 1248:’s migration from 1176:, commonly called 1109:madhhab after his 1033: 911:'Ali ibn Abi Talib 871: 848:who offended him. 824: 759:Tabari arrived in 592:own interpretation 537:Islamic Golden Age 421:Influenced by 155:Islamic Golden Age 4903: 4902: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4704:Mastoureh Ardalan 4687: 4686: 4654:Ahmed Cevad Pasha 4552: 4551: 4464: 4463: 4444: 4443: 4289: 4288: 4151: 4150: 4013: 4012: 3896: 3895: 3883:Ata-Malik Juvayni 3833:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi 3774: 3773: 3726:Usama ibn Munqidh 3677: 3676: 3669:Abu Sa'id Gardezi 3556:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 3455:Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam 3362:Muslim historians 3291:Elton L. Daniel. 3230:978-0-88706-562-0 3199:978-90-04-11211-7 2836:Hermann Zotenberg 2730:, pp. 63–66. 2541:www.naqshbandi.ca 2144:, vol. 18, p. 78. 1987:, pp. 15–16. 1888:978-0-88402-348-7 1865:, pp. 10–11. 1776:978-0-521-20093-6 1728:978-0-19-511148-4 1466:Yohanan Friedmann 1446:Michael G. Morony 1345:Hermann Zotenberg 1194:universal history 1005: 1004: 991: 990: 886:and some fanatic 867:Universal History 721:On his return to 656:according to the 648:He first went to 464: 463: 394: 370: 346: 322: 165:Abbasid Caliphate 16:(Redirected from 5013: 4986:People from Amol 4859:Islamic calendar 4813:Tarikh al-Yaqubi 4785:Kitab al-I'tibar 4743:Mu'jam al-Buldan 4635: 4567: 4498:Khalil al-Muradi 4479: 4381:Ibrahim Petchevi 4372: 4304: 4276:Mustafa Selaniki 4271:Sadeddin Effendi 4225:Nizamuddin Ahmad 4166: 4028: 3911: 3789: 3692: 3614:Said al-Andalusi 3595: 3388:Urwah ibn Zubayr 3373: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3241:, Th. Bianquis, 3234: 3215:Rosenthal, Franz 3203: 3171:Heinrichs, W. P. 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3011: 3005: 2991: 2985: 2974:Tarīkh al-Mawṣil 2970: 2964: 2959: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2933: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2828: 2822: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2761: 2755: 2740:Devin J. Stewart 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2604:. Archived from 2590: 2584: 2583: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2491: 2482: 2481: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2365: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2297:Saliba, George. 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2182: 2176: 2167: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2080: 2074: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2036:Devin J. Stewart 2033: 2027: 2021: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1830: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1759: 1753: 1746: 1737: 1736: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1686: 1680: 1669:Brill Publishers 1661: 1625:Islamic scholars 1426:Ismail Poonawala 1400:Brill Publishers 1294:Tahdhīb al-Athār 1279:Tafsir al-Tabari 1246:Prophet Muhammad 1190:Tarikh al-Tabari 1178:Tarikh al-Tabari 1074:Tarikh al-Tabari 1053:Tafsir al-Tabari 1035:Al-Tabari wrote 993: 992: 987: 986: 984: 975: 974: 972: 965: 964: 946:In the books of 838:Ali ibn al-Athir 769:Ibn al-Mughallis 679:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 580:Tarikh al-Tabari 574:Tafsir al-Tabari 488: 476: 404: 403: 388: 380: 379: 364: 356: 355: 340: 332: 331: 316: 259:Tahdhib al-Athar 252:Tarikh al-Tabari 245:Tafsir al-Tabari 206:Main interest(s) 135: 49: 21: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5011: 5010: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4839: 4778:Futuh al-Buldan 4708: 4699:Mahmud Bayazidi 4683: 4657: 4633: 4620: 4594: 4565: 4548: 4532: 4511: 4477: 4460: 4440: 4424: 4370: 4357: 4326: 4302: 4285: 4244: 4198: 4164: 4147: 4106: 4060: 4042:Ibn Taghribirdi 4026: 4009: 4000:Ziauddin Barani 3978: 3909: 3892: 3851: 3818:Ibn al-Kardabūs 3798:Yaqut al-Hamawi 3787: 3770: 3754: 3716:Ibn al-Qalanisi 3690: 3673: 3652: 3593: 3580: 3514: 3443: 3397: 3383:Aban bin Uthman 3364: 3359: 3321: 3319: 3310: 3301: 3299: 3290: 3287: 3247:W. P. Heinrichs 3231: 3213: 3200: 3163:Bosworth, C. E. 3147:Bosworth, C. E. 3145: 3142: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3093:"Tabari (1987)" 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3008: 2992: 2988: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2945: 2934: 2930: 2923: 2919: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2519: 2501:Franz Rosenthal 2493: 2492: 2485: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2388: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2311:Yaqut al-Hamawi 2309: 2305: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2216: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2192: 2185: 2177: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2138:Yaqut al-Hamawi 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2102: 2098: 2090: 2083: 2075: 2066: 2058: 2054: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2015: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1969: 1967: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1912: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1777: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1747: 1740: 1729: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1610: 1602:Ezzat El Alaili 1596:. In 1987, The 1516: 1474: 1434:Hugh N. Kennedy 1396:Ignác Goldziher 1390:Yale University 1386:Franz Rosenthal 1359:Ehsan Yarshater 1349:Franz Rosenthal 1326:Theodor Nöldeke 1323: 1288: 1227:Umayyad dynasty 1211:Sasanian Empire 1138:Dawud al-Zahiri 1025: 1017:Franz Rosenthal 876: 829: 707:Dawud al-Zahiri 615: 460: 457: 441: 440: 431: 427:Dawud al-Zahiri 423: 422: 399: 387: 375: 363: 351: 339: 327: 315: 299: 269: 237:Notable work(s) 232: 187:(eponym of the 136:, Baghdad, Iraq 129: 118: 108: 99: 85: 84:839 CE / 224 AH 61: 54: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5019: 5017: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4908: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4890: 4883: 4880:Hadith studies 4876: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4809: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4781: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4611:Agha Ahmad Ali 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4581:Mohammad Farid 4578: 4573: 4571: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4396:Munejjim Bashi 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4266:Matrakçı Nasuh 4263: 4258: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195:Mar'i al-Karmi 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3955:Ibn al-Tiqtaqa 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3878:Minhaj-i-Siraj 3875: 3873:Ibn Isfandiyar 3870: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3793: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3751:Ibn al-Sam'ani 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3634:Hilal al-Sabi' 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3536:Ibn al-Qūṭiyya 3533: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3379: 3377: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3308: 3286: 3285:External links 3283: 3282: 3281: 3263: 3256: 3243:C. E. Bosworth 3235: 3229: 3217:, ed. (1989). 3211: 3204: 3198: 3167:van Donzel, E. 3155:Bearman, P. J. 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3109: 3084: 3055: 3028: 3006: 2986: 2965: 2954: 2943: 2928: 2917: 2902: 2893: 2884: 2875: 2865: 2856: 2823: 2812: 2802: 2793: 2774:(2): 287–289. 2756: 2732: 2728:Rosenthal 1989 2720: 2716:Rosenthal 1989 2708: 2704:Rosenthal 1989 2696: 2692:Rosenthal 1989 2684: 2680:Rosenthal 1989 2672: 2642: 2629:almothaqaf.com 2615: 2598:darelhilal.com 2585: 2578: 2572:. p. 90. 2554: 2524: 2517: 2483: 2480:. p. 140. 2459: 2452: 2446:. p. 42. 2425: 2421:Rosenthal 1989 2413: 2409:Rosenthal 1989 2401: 2397:Rosenthal 1989 2386: 2375: 2366: 2363:978-9004097360 2350: 2346:Rosenthal 1989 2327: 2323:Rosenthal 1989 2315: 2303: 2290: 2286:Rosenthal 1989 2278: 2265:Boaz Shoshan, 2258: 2254:Rosenthal 1989 2246: 2242:Rosenthal 1989 2234: 2230:Rosenthal 1989 2222: 2218:Rosenthal 1989 2210: 2206:Rosenthal 1989 2198: 2194:Rosenthal 1989 2183: 2179:Rosenthal 1989 2168: 2159: 2146: 2130: 2118: 2096: 2092:Rosenthal 1989 2081: 2077:Rosenthal 1989 2064: 2060:Rosenthal 1989 2052: 2028: 2024:Rosenthal 1989 2013: 2009:Rosenthal 1989 2001: 1997:Rosenthal 1989 1989: 1985:Rosenthal 1989 1977: 1953: 1935: 1923: 1897: 1887: 1867: 1863:Rosenthal 1989 1855: 1846:978-1780744209 1845: 1812: 1805: 1782: 1775: 1754: 1738: 1727: 1709: 1699: 1681: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1515: 1512: 1473: 1470: 1422:Moshe Pearlman 1322: 1319: 1307: 1306: 1271: 1270: 1206:Middle Eastern 1182: 1181: 1140:, to restrict 1078: 1077: 1061: 1024: 1021: 1003: 1002: 999: 997: 989: 988: 978: 976: 930:Surat al-Isra' 875: 872: 828: 825: 670:, the life of 614: 611: 588:Shafi'i school 531:, present-day 505:traditionalist 462: 461: 459: 458: 456: 455: 450: 444: 438: 437: 436: 433: 432: 430: 429: 420: 419: 418: 415: 414: 410: 409: 406: 405: 396: 382: 381: 372: 358: 357: 348: 334: 333: 324: 310: 309: 301: 300: 298: 297: 294: 289: 286: 283: 277: 275: 271: 270: 268: 267: 262: 255: 248: 240: 238: 234: 233: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 209: 207: 203: 202: 197: 193: 192: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 124: 120: 119: 109: 105: 101: 100: 86: 82: 78: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 56: 55: 52: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5018: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4827:Book of Idols 4824: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721:Notable works 4719: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4411:Mustafa Naima 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4097:Idris Bitlisi 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4082:Mullah Nadiri 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3940:Ibn al-Khatib 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3868:Muhammad Aufi 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3838:Ibn Khallikan 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3429:Sayf ibn Umar 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3279:0-88706-563-5 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3239:P. J. Bearman 3236: 3232: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:Bianquis, Th. 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3123: 3122:Diwan Al Arab 3119: 3113: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3017: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2888: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2852:2-7427-3318-3 2849: 2845: 2844:2-7427-3317-5 2841: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2718:, p. 56. 2717: 2712: 2709: 2706:, p. 61. 2705: 2700: 2697: 2694:, p. 55. 2693: 2688: 2685: 2682:, p. 77. 2681: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2667:archive.today 2664: 2660: 2657:(in Arabic). 2656: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2637:archive.today 2634: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2610:archive.today 2607: 2603: 2600:(in Arabic). 2599: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2581: 2579:9781474437097 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2549:archive.today 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2518:9781438417837 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2453:9789004100343 2449: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2434:Camilla Adang 2429: 2426: 2423:, p. 41. 2422: 2417: 2414: 2411:, p. 46. 2410: 2405: 2402: 2399:, p. 40. 2398: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2348:, p. 78. 2347: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2325:, p. 73. 2324: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2288:, p. 36. 2287: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2256:, p. 52. 2255: 2250: 2247: 2244:, p. 14. 2243: 2238: 2235: 2232:, p. 31. 2231: 2226: 2223: 2220:, p. 27. 2219: 2214: 2211: 2208:, p. 23. 2207: 2202: 2199: 2196:, p. 22. 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2181:, p. 21. 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2097: 2094:, p. 20. 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2079:, p. 19. 2078: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2062:, p. 18. 2061: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2029: 2026:, p. 17. 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2011:, p. 16. 2010: 2005: 2002: 1999:, p. 11. 1998: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1966: 1965: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1908: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1808: 1806:9781847740298 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1778: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1700:90-04-10952-8 1696: 1692: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1677:9789004158399 1674: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1490:Ibn Khallikan 1487: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1462:George Saliba 1459: 1455: 1451: 1450:G. R. Hawting 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1379:Jacob Lassner 1376: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192:). This is a 1191: 1187: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1150:legal analogy 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1029: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1015:According to 1013: 1011: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 977: 966: 963: 960: 957: 953: 949: 944: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 905: 901: 897: 894:as a jurist ( 893: 889: 885: 881: 868: 864: 860: 856: 854: 849: 845: 843: 839: 835: 826: 822: 817: 813: 811: 805: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 724: 719: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 668: 664:, especially 663: 659: 655: 654:jurisprudence 651: 646: 644: 640: 636: 635:prayer leader 632: 628: 624: 620: 612: 610: 608: 607:Jariri school 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 584: 582: 581: 576: 575: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 545:world history 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 495: 492: 484: 480: 472: 468: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 443: 434: 428: 425: 416: 413:Muslim leader 411: 407: 397: 395: 392: 383: 378:أَبُو جَعْفَر 373: 371: 368: 359: 349: 347: 344: 335: 325: 323: 320: 311: 308: 307: 302: 295: 293: 290: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 276: 272: 266: 263: 261: 260: 256: 254: 253: 249: 247: 246: 242: 241: 239: 235: 229: 226: 224: 223:jurisprudence 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 208: 204: 201: 198: 194: 190: 189:Jariri school 186: 183: 181:Jurisprudence 179: 176: 173: 169: 166: 163: 159: 156: 153: 149: 146: 143: 139: 133: 128: 127:Al-Rahbi Park 125: 123:Resting place 121: 116: 112: 106: 102: 97: 93: 89: 83: 79: 74: 71: 68: 64: 57: 50: 47: 43: 40: 33: 19: 4894:Isra'iliyyat 4892: 4885: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4591:Jurji Zaydan 4557:19th century 4469:18th century 4391:Kâtip Çelebi 4318:Katib Çelebi 4294:17th century 4281:Taşköprüzade 4180:Mujir al-Din 4156:16th century 4123:Aşıkpaşazade 4018:15th century 4005:Hafiz-i Abru 3975:al-ʽAsqalani 3960:Ibn al-Furat 3901:14th century 3828:Ibn al-Athir 3779:13th century 3706:Ibn al-Jawzi 3682:12th century 3585:11th century 3571:Al-Musabbihi 3526:Ibn al-Nadim 3519:10th century 3505:Ibn Qutaybah 3480:Al-Baladhuri 3474: 3322:15 September 3320:. Retrieved 3316:the original 3302:14 September 3300:. Retrieved 3296: 3266: 3259: 3250: 3219: 3207: 3181: 3174: 3126:. Retrieved 3121: 3112: 3100:. Retrieved 3097:elCinema.com 3096: 3087: 3075:. Retrieved 3067: 3058: 3046:. Retrieved 3040: 3031: 3019:. Retrieved 3009: 2994: 2989: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2957: 2946: 2931: 2920: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2868: 2859: 2831: 2826: 2815: 2805: 2796: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2663:the original 2654: 2645: 2633:the original 2628: 2618: 2606:the original 2602:Dar al-Hilal 2597: 2588: 2564: 2557: 2545:the original 2540: 2527: 2495: 2472: 2462: 2438: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2378: 2369: 2353: 2318: 2306: 2298: 2293: 2281: 2266: 2261: 2249: 2237: 2225: 2213: 2201: 2162: 2154: 2149: 2141: 2133: 2121: 2107: 2104:Ibn al-Nadim 2099: 2055: 2043: 2039: 2031: 2004: 1992: 1980: 1968:, retrieved 1963: 1956: 1948: 1938: 1926: 1918: 1911:. Retrieved 1900: 1892: 1877: 1870: 1858: 1850: 1826: 1815: 1795: 1785: 1762: 1757: 1749: 1732: 1718: 1712: 1704: 1690: 1684: 1664: 1659: 1580: 1517: 1503: 1497: 1493: 1486:Ibn al-Athir 1477: 1475: 1454:Martin Hinds 1420: 1394: 1353: 1330: 1324: 1315: 1308: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1235:North Africa 1189: 1185: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1162: 1154: 1128:has called " 1123: 1101:(school) of 1093: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1063: 1051: 1034: 1014: 1006: 961: 945: 942: 919: 877: 866: 850: 846: 842:lexicography 830: 806: 783: 777: 758: 731: 720: 676: 665: 650:Ray (Rhages) 647: 616: 601:Al-Tabari's 600: 585: 578: 572: 553:lexicography 494:Sunni Muslim 478: 466: 465: 390: 366: 342: 318: 304: 264: 257: 250: 243: 171:Denomination 46: 39:traditionist 4966:Sunni imams 4662:Azerbaijani 4456:Ahmad Khani 4353:Mohsin Fani 4261:Lûtfi Pasha 4256:Mustafa Âlî 4190:Ibn al-Qadi 3970:Ibn Khaldun 3965:Al-Mufaddal 3935:Ibn Battuta 3848:Ibn Abi Zar 3823:Ibn al-Adim 3721:Ibn ʽAsakir 3561:Abu al-Arab 3510:Al-Mada'ini 3448:9th century 3434:Al-Mada'ini 3424:Abu Mikhnaf 3402:8th century 3376:7th century 3151:"al-Ṭabarī" 3124:(in Arabic) 2936:"al-Tabari" 2873:Sasaniden). 2846:, Band II, 2655:aletihad.ae 2444:E. J. Brill 1945:"al-Ṭabarī" 1931:Gaston Wiet 1615:al-Tirmidhi 1430:Fred Donner 1412:Manuscripts 1364:Ihsan Abbas 1158:al-Mada'ini 1130:Rationalism 851:He died in 793:al-Muqtadir 780:al-Mu'tadid 627:Caspian Sea 565:mathematics 487:ٱلطَّبَرِيّ 402:ٱلطَّبَرِيّ 306:Arabic name 200:Independent 185:Independent 130: [ 60:ٱلطَّبَرِيّ 42:al-Tabarani 5001:Tabaristan 4921:923 deaths 4916:839 births 4910:Categories 4820:Muqaddimah 4508:al-Jabarti 4503:al-Zayyani 4421:Abdi Pasha 4143:Tursun Beg 4047:Al-Sakhawi 4037:al-Maqrizi 3950:Ibn Kathir 3930:Al-Dhahabi 3925:Ibn Idhari 3920:Abu'l-Fida 3813:Ibn Jubayr 3746:Al-Jawwani 3741:Ibn Hammad 3649:Ibn Bassam 3609:Ibn Hayyan 3604:Ibn Faradi 3531:Ibn Duraid 3465:Ibn Hisham 3439:Ibn Lahi'a 3369:Historians 3269:, Albany: 2509:SUNY Press 2383:Al-Ṭabarī 2275:9004137939 2109:al-Fihrist 1970:9 February 1913:4 December 1835:. p. 1765:. London: 1667:, p. 151. 1647:References 1620:Ibn Kullab 1560:Heliopolis 1482:Ibn Asakir 1339:Press and 1299:Companions 1277:, (Arabic 1111:patronymic 892:Ibn Hanbal 810:Ibn Duraid 789:al-Muktafi 623:Tabaristan 529:Tabaristan 521:theologian 453:Ibn Kathir 439:Influenced 374:Abū Jaʿfar 362:Teknonymic 338:Patronymic 296:theologian 274:Occupation 92:Tabaristan 4644:Ali Amiri 4133:Ibn Kemal 4077:Mirkhvand 4052:Al-Suyuti 3808:Ibn Amira 3644:Al-Quda'i 3546:Miskawayh 3541:Al-Masudi 3495:Al-Azraqi 3475:Al-Tabari 3419:Al-Waqidi 3414:Ibn Ishaq 3180:Volume X: 2157:, p. 326. 2153:Stewart, 1652:Citations 1514:Reception 1507:Yazdegerd 1142:consensus 1119:Hanbalite 1096:Shafi'ite 1089:Abu Kamil 900:muhaddith 869:by Tabari 754:al-Awza'i 738:Palestine 662:ibn Ishaq 613:Biography 509:historian 489:), was a 479:al-Ṭabarī 448:Al-Suyuti 398:Al-Ṭabarī 386:Toponymic 285:historian 53:Al-Tabari 4844:Concepts 4429:Chagatai 4230:Firishta 4175:Ibn Iyas 4118:Oruç Bey 3863:Ibn Bibi 3843:Al-Qifti 3629:Ibn Hazm 3624:Al-Bakri 3576:al-Kindi 3485:Ibn Sa'd 3293:"Tabari" 3249:et al., 3173:(eds.). 3149:(2000). 2914:AbeBooks 2830:Tabarî, 2470:(2015). 2436:(1996). 1823:(2014). 1793:(2009). 1608:See also 1303:Muhammad 1219:Muhammad 1215:scholars 1198:Creation 1188:(Arabic 1045:Qur'anic 1041:theology 938:Muhammad 834:pleurisy 672:Muhammad 667:al-Sirah 569:medicine 501:polymath 330:مُحَمَّد 326:Muḥammad 314:Personal 218:exegesis 141:Religion 76:Personal 4887:Tabaqat 4692:Kurdish 4638:Ottoman 4625:Turkish 4599:Persian 4537:Turkish 4516:Persian 4449:Kurdish 4375:Ottoman 4362:Turkish 4331:Persian 4249:Turkish 4203:Persian 4111:Turkish 4065:Persian 3983:Persian 3856:Persian 3759:Persian 3657:Persian 3619:Al-Udri 3551:al-Suli 3470:Ya'qubi 3140:Sources 3128:14 July 3102:14 July 3077:14 July 3068:Magiran 3048:14 July 3021:14 July 2810:Halle). 1734:world.. 1640:Bal'ami 1576:Baghdad 1556:Dhahran 1223:Prophet 1134:Shafi'i 1115:Baghdad 1099:madhhab 1084:ijtihad 1037:history 985:‎ 973:‎ 952:Shafa'a 932:in the 926:Mujahid 922:Baghdad 915:Shi'ite 907:heretic 904:Jahmite 888:Hanbali 884:Zahiris 880:ijtihad 863:Bal'ami 853:Baghdad 784:History 723:Baghdad 711:Hanbali 695:Shafi'i 557:grammar 541:Quranic 513:exegete 497:scholar 491:Persian 288:exegete 281:Scholar 213:History 111:Baghdad 4570:Arabic 4482:Arabic 4307:Arabic 4169:Arabic 4138:Neshri 4128:Enveri 4031:Arabic 3995:Wassaf 3914:Arabic 3792:Arabic 3695:Arabic 3598:Arabic 3277: 3227: 3196: 3169:& 2850: 2842: 2788:164026 2786: 2752:Leuven 2576: 2515: 2505:Albany 2450: 2361: 2273: 2155:Tabari 2142:Irshad 2114:Tehran 2048:Leuven 1885: 1843: 1803: 1773: 1725: 1697: 1675: 1564:Kuwait 1552:Beirut 1548:Madaba 1540:Khobar 1536:Qazvin 1524:Riyadh 1498:Tarikh 1494:Tarikh 1488:, and 1464:, and 1283:Annals 1275:Qur'an 1254:Medina 1239:Muslim 1237:, and 1202:Muslim 1186:Annals 1146:Sahaba 1107:Jariri 1058:tafsir 948:Tafsir 934:Qur'an 750:Beirut 716:Hadith 703:Zahiri 699:Maliki 658:Hanafi 567:, and 561:ethics 549:poetry 519:, and 517:jurist 483:Arabic 471:Arabic 292:jurist 161:Region 4852:Isnad 4834:Rihla 3153:. In 2784:JSTOR 1544:Aqaba 1250:Mecca 1242:Spain 1231:Egypt 1023:Works 1010:wazir 896:faqih 801:stone 765:Hijaz 761:Egypt 748:. In 746:Egypt 742:India 734:Syria 691:Wasit 687:Kufah 683:Basra 523:from 391:Nisba 367:Kunya 343:Nasab 228:creed 196:Creed 175:Sunni 145:Islam 134:] 66:Title 3324:2008 3304:2017 3275:ISBN 3225:ISBN 3194:ISBN 3130:2020 3104:2020 3079:2020 3050:2020 3042:IRNA 3023:2020 2848:ISBN 2840:ISBN 2574:ISBN 2513:ISBN 2448:ISBN 2359:ISBN 2271:ISBN 1972:2023 1915:2016 1883:ISBN 1841:ISBN 1801:ISBN 1771:ISBN 1723:ISBN 1695:ISBN 1673:ISBN 1598:ERTU 1574:and 1572:Hama 1568:Homs 1532:Amol 1528:Doha 1204:and 1103:fiqh 1043:and 878:His 821:Iraq 744:and 701:and 689:and 619:Amol 533:Iran 525:Amol 115:Iraq 104:Died 96:Iran 88:Amol 81:Born 70:Imam 3186:doi 3182:T–U 2776:doi 1837:193 1388:in 1301:of 1265:– ( 1252:to 1172:– ( 956:God 920:In 594:of 319:Ism 151:Era 4912:: 3295:. 3192:. 3178:. 3165:; 3161:; 3157:; 3095:. 3070:. 2938:, 2912:, 2782:. 2772:29 2770:. 2568:. 2539:. 2535:. 2503:. 2486:^ 2476:. 2389:^ 2330:^ 2186:^ 2171:^ 2140:, 2106:, 2084:^ 2067:^ 2016:^ 1917:. 1891:. 1849:. 1839:. 1831:. 1741:^ 1731:. 1703:. 1671:. 1578:. 1570:, 1566:, 1562:, 1558:, 1554:, 1550:, 1546:, 1542:, 1538:, 1534:, 1530:, 1526:, 1484:, 1460:, 1456:, 1452:, 1448:, 1444:, 1440:, 1436:, 1432:, 1428:, 1424:, 1418:. 1402:. 1377:, 1370:, 1366:, 1343:. 1233:, 1152:. 1060:). 1039:, 740:, 736:, 718:. 697:, 685:, 643:AH 621:, 609:. 583:. 563:, 559:, 555:, 551:, 547:, 527:, 515:, 511:, 507:, 503:, 499:, 485:: 473:: 132:ar 90:, 3354:e 3347:t 3340:v 3326:. 3306:. 3233:. 3202:. 3188:: 3132:. 3106:. 3081:. 3052:. 3025:. 2984:. 2854:. 2790:. 2778:: 2669:. 2639:. 2612:. 2582:. 2551:. 2521:. 2456:. 1809:. 1779:. 1679:. 1269:) 1180:) 1081:( 1076:. 1068:( 481:( 469:( 393:) 389:( 369:) 365:( 345:) 341:( 321:) 317:( 191:) 117:) 98:) 44:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index