817:
476:
448:
420:
1102:
434:
406:
462:
31:
266:
in
October 1921, Hananu and his men could no longer sustain a revolt, and their struggle collapsed. Despite the failure of the revolt, the organization of the northern areas of Syria with Turkish help has been interpreted as a prototype for self-government that Hananu and other Syrians built upon in
166:. There is dispute on his birth date: one source mentions he was born in 1879, while another mentions he was born in 1869. He studied at the Imperial High School in Aleppo, and continued his studies at the Ottoman Law Academy of the prestigious Mülkiye school in Istanbul. As a student, he joined the
229:
into a coordinated campaign against French forces. Hananu was responsible for the disarmament of many French troops, the destruction of railroads and telegraph lines, the sabotage of tanks, and the foiling of French attacks on Aleppo. On July 23, 1920, when the French army successfully attacked
325:
Hananu died in 1935 in Aleppo. His death was attributed to tuberculosis. The three-day mourning period began the day after with newspapers and magazines being published in a black cover. He is considered to be one of the most celebrated individuals in the resistance against the
300:
which steered the course of the independence struggle in Syria until its achievement in 1946. He was a member of the
National Bloc's permanent council and chief of its political bureau. In 1928, Hananu held office on the Constitutional Assembly that drafted the
283:
On 25 March 1922 the French
Attorney General requested the execution of Hananu, and he said "if Hananu has seven heads I will cut them all", but the French judge ultimately released Hananu following an agreement between Hananu and the French government.
275:
In 1922 Ibrahim Hananu was arrested and presented to the French military criminal court on charges of criminal acts. The first sessions of the court was on 15 March 1922 . One of the best lawyers at that time,
216:
Breaking out in the autumn of 1919 in the countryside surrounding Aleppo, when the French army had landed on the Syrian coast and was preparing to occupy all of Syria, Hananu launched his revolt, bringing
202:, though there is no corroborating evidence for this. Along with many of the prominent merchants in Aleppo, Hananu became associated with the League of National Defense and the Arab Club of Aleppo.
246:, and sent Hananu to Turkey as a representative of the new civilian government to request for aid in fighting against the French. He received aid from the Turkish nationalist movement of
645:
James Gelvin, Divided
Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of the Empire, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, 1998, pp. 133-134.
2357:
2387:
2057:
746:
2342:
1523:
305:. In the 1930s, he affirmed his reputation as a hard-liner, refusing to negotiate with the French until they pledged complete unconditional independence for Syria.
292:
Hananu was put under house arrest following the trial and his movements were monitored by the French intelligence. However, Hananu was released after the
2362:
1560:
1503:
2377:
2347:
816:
1541:
739:
548:
523:
317:. Regarded as an assassination attempt, the shooter was sentenced to 10 years in jail. The French commissioner later pardoned Nazi al-Kousa.
933:
1467:
656:
2367:
1690:
1508:
1513:
1477:
755:
573:
370:
2275:
2352:
2265:
2255:
2042:
1533:
1518:
1090:
732:
1457:
1043:
167:
769:
2382:
1720:
1312:
1725:
927:
2290:
2280:
296:
of 1925. Hananu went on to play an active role in the Syrian national movement. He was one of the founding fathers of the
1068:
2372:
2295:
2240:
2052:
2047:
2022:
1797:
1552:
1181:
302:
263:
2235:
900:
475:
2300:
2062:
1802:
1700:
1680:
1588:
1442:
895:
846:
280:
defended Hananu, advocated for Hananu's innocence, and argued that Hananu was a political opponent not a criminal.
235:
921:
2285:
2250:
2220:
1828:
1685:
1670:
1472:
1327:
1211:
447:
2135:
2017:
1495:
1423:
1292:
1231:
1027:
425:
360:
992:
247:
1578:
1462:
1287:
1130:
1053:
883:
375:
327:
694:
Drysdale, Alasdair (January 1981). "The Syrian
Political Elite, 1966-1976: A Spatial and Social Analysis".
419:
2270:
2200:
2195:
1807:
1570:
1347:
1307:
1251:
1241:
1161:
1120:
863:
831:
801:
116:
2170:
2088:
2032:
2027:
1766:
1675:
1647:
1583:
1302:
1297:
314:
297:
231:
182:
Upon graduation, Hananu briefly taught at the military academy. Later, he joined the bureaucracy of the
171:
504:
2012, Journal of
Palestine Studies. “...Ibrahim Hananu, a former Ottoman bureaucrat of Kurdish origin”
198:
and entered Aleppo with the Allies in 1918. Supposedly, he also joined the secret nationalist society
2337:
2332:
2205:
2078:
1868:
1705:
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1652:
1392:
1342:
1317:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1140:
1083:
1002:
187:
502:
Liminal
Loyalties: Ottomanism and Palestinian Responses to the Turkish War of Independence, 1919-22.
1923:
1883:
1372:
1206:
1191:
1012:
977:
878:
858:
405:
340:
293:
239:
2127:
2037:
1812:
1746:
1402:
1397:
1367:
1272:
1196:
888:
868:
841:
784:
711:
433:
541:
Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class
461:
1994:
1898:
1407:
1382:
1186:
1166:
1048:
982:
873:
836:
791:
779:
569:
544:
519:
355:
313:
In
September 1933, an individual named Nazi Al-Kousa shot Hananu in the legs in his village,
2185:
2180:
2113:
1989:
1918:
1903:
1893:
1848:
1843:
1751:
1387:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1007:
997:
972:
703:
481:
453:
411:
395:
365:
350:
277:
2313:
2260:
2245:
2103:
2093:
1938:
1878:
1787:
1201:
1076:
806:
774:
243:
107:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2190:
1984:
1969:
1913:
1908:
1888:
1858:
1761:
1710:
1377:
1226:
1171:
1145:
183:
131:
2326:
2210:
2083:
1979:
1833:
1792:
1741:
1715:
1632:
1622:
1428:
1221:
1216:
1125:
1022:
987:
957:
905:
853:
796:
439:
385:
345:
211:
159:
135:
95:
51:
47:
2175:
2140:
1964:
1959:
1928:
1873:
1863:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1612:
1017:
962:
467:
390:
262:. With the withdrawal of Turkish military assistance following the signing of the
2165:
2160:
1974:
1954:
1933:
1771:
1236:
191:
2108:
1246:
707:
2155:
1176:
621:
724:
30:
2150:
2098:
1756:
1135:
259:
199:
195:
1838:
715:
255:
226:
142:
in the early 1920s. He was a member of a notable landholding family of
127:
2145:
1106:
593:. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 174–184.
251:
218:
163:
69:
186:, only to retire and manage his estates. One Syrian source from the
1101:
380:
222:
155:
143:
139:
84:
73:
1072:
728:
230:
Aleppo, Hananu was forced to retreat back to his village of
516:
Kurdish
Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland
605:
Tarikh al-thawrat al-suriyya fi 'ahd al-intidab al-faransi
566:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000
170:, the political organ that later took stage following the
190:
era indicates that having embraced nationalism when the
543:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 175.
121:
2126:
2071:
2010:
2003:
1947:
1821:
1780:
1734:
1661:
1605:
1569:
1551:
1532:
1494:
1487:
1450:
1441:
1416:
1335:
1326:
1260:
1154:
1113:
1036:
950:
943:
914:
824:
762:
90:
80:
58:
40:
21:
194:broke out in 1916, Hananu joined the Arab army of
138:against the French colonial presence in northern
2058:Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex
514:Zisser, Eyal (2014-11-15). Bengio, Ofra (ed.).
684:, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1987.
1084:
740:
8:
1701:Mamoun University for Science and Technology
250:, which was battling the French army of the
2007:
1491:
1447:
1332:
1091:
1077:
1069:
947:
747:
733:
725:
518:. University of Texas Press. p. 196.
29:
18:
2388:Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni
2358:Members of the People's Assembly of Syria
234:and began to reorganize the revolt with
1524:Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption
493:
401:
303:first republican constitution for Syria
2343:Kurdish people from the Ottoman Empire
7:
934:Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence
615:
613:
1468:Church of the Dormition of Our Lady
111:
1691:Aleppo Centre for Culture and Arts
655:Kanafani, Adnan (20 August 2008).
620:Kaddour, Mohammad (1 April 2012).
14:
2363:National Bloc (Syria) politicians
1504:Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
371:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
2266:Aleppo Artillery School massacre
2043:Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex
1561:Church of the Holy Mother of God
1100:
815:
622:"ابراهيم هنانو "Ibrahim Hananu""
589:Watenpaugh, Keith David (2006).
539:Watenpaugh, Keith David (2014).
474:
460:
446:
432:
418:
404:
2378:People of the Franco-Syrian War
2348:20th-century Syrian politicians
1542:Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet
1458:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
591:Being Modern in the Middle East
238:. The rebels decided to form a
168:Committee of Union and Progress
1721:International School of Aleppo
1:
154:Hananu was born to a wealthy
134:municipal official who led a
16:Syrian politician (1869–1935)
2241:Aleppo International Airport
2053:Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex
2048:Aleppo International Stadium
682:Syria and the French Mandate
626:اكتشف سوريا "Discover Syria"
1671:Aleppo Citadel Amphitheatre
1212:Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili
1182:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
568:. Cune Press. p. 376.
264:Franklin-Bouillon Agreement
122:
2404:
2063:Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena
1803:Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
1681:National Library of Aleppo
1509:Church of the Holy Trinity
209:
146:origin in northern Syria.
2368:Ottoman Arab nationalists
2311:
2221:Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
2023:Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium
1829:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
1686:National Museum of Aleppo
1514:Cathedral of Saint Joseph
1473:Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
928:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement
813:
708:10.1080/00263208108700455
130:revolutionary and former
28:
1519:Church of the Holy Cross
1232:Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
1044:French High Commissioner
1028:Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar
426:Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar
361:Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar
150:Early life and education
35:Portrait of Hananu, 1932
2353:Politicians from Aleppo
2291:September 2012 bombings
1463:Forty Martyrs Cathedral
1131:New Aleppo Neighborhood
884:Battle of al-Musayfirah
756:French Mandate of Syria
564:Moubayed, Sami (2006).
2281:February 2012 bombings
2271:Siege of Aleppo (1980)
2261:Chemins de Fer Syriens
2201:Siege of Aleppo (1260)
2196:1138 Aleppo earthquake
1478:Saint Elijah Cathedral
1348:Great Mosque of Aleppo
1252:Grand Serail of Aleppo
1242:Aleppo railway station
1162:Ancient City of Aleppo
1121:Ancient City of Aleppo
901:Syria–Lebanon campaign
864:Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa
859:1925–1927 revolt
802:Sanjak of Alexandretta
696:Middle Eastern Studies
178:Early career and views
2383:Syrian Kurdish people
2296:October 2012 bombings
2171:Siege of Aleppo (637)
2033:Al-Hamadaniah Stadium
2028:Al-Assad Sports Arena
1726:Lycée français d'Alep
1676:Aleppo Citadel Museum
993:Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah
922:Sykes–Picot Agreement
309:Assassination attempt
248:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
232:Kafr Takharim Nahiyah
172:Young Turk Revolution
2206:Battle of Marj Dabiq
1869:Levon Ter-Petrossian
1706:Al-Shahba University
1696:University of Aleppo
1393:Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
1343:Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
1141:Salaheddine District
1003:Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi
188:United Arab Republic
2373:Syrian nationalists
2301:University bombings
2286:March 2012 bombings
2128:Historical timeline
1924:Saadallah al-Jabiri
1884:Mustafa Bey Barmada
1798:Sabaa Bahrat Square
1781:Streets and squares
1373:Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
1207:Khanqah al-Farafira
1192:Hammam Bab al-Ahmar
1187:Al-Shibani building
1013:Saadallah al-Jabiri
978:Mustafa Bey Barmada
896:1936 general strike
879:Battle of al-Mazraa
847:Capture of Damascus
341:Great Syrian Revolt
294:Great Syrian Revolt
240:civilian government
2256:1947 Aleppo pogrom
2038:Al-Ittihad Stadium
1813:King Faisal Street
1747:Aleppo Public Park
1403:Al-Adiliyah Mosque
1398:Khusruwiyah Mosque
1368:Altun Bogha Mosque
1197:Hammam al-Nahhasin
1155:Historic landmarks
889:1925 Hama uprising
869:Capture of Salkhad
842:Battle of Maysalun
785:Al-Jazira Province
2320:
2319:
2122:
2121:
1995:Sabkhat al-Jabbul
1899:Ronaldo Mouchawar
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1553:Oriental Orthodox
1437:
1436:
1408:Behramiyah Mosque
1383:Al-Tawashi Mosque
1177:Al-Jdayde quarter
1167:Citadel of Aleppo
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1049:Charles de Gaulle
983:Shukri al-Quwatli
874:Battle of al-Kafr
837:Franco-Syrian War
792:Jabal Druze State
780:State of Damascus
607:, Damascus, 1960.
550:978-0-691-12169-7
525:978-0-292-76301-2
206:The Hananu Revolt
120:
101:
100:
66:(aged 65–66)
62:November 21, 1935
2395:
2276:Battle of Aleppo
2136:Rulers of Aleppo
2114:Shorta Aleppo SC
2008:
1990:Limestone Massif
1919:Qustaki al-Himsi
1904:Rushdi al-Kikhya
1894:Qustaki al-Himsi
1849:Hilarion Capucci
1844:Harut Sassounian
1752:Al-Snoubari Park
1544:(Greek Orthodox)
1534:Eastern Orthodox
1492:
1448:
1424:Ar-Rahman Mosque
1388:Al-Otrush Mosque
1363:Mahmandar Mosque
1358:Al-Qaiqan Mosque
1353:Al-Nuqtah Mosque
1333:
1293:Al-Shadbakhtiyah
1105:
1104:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1008:Sultan al-Atrash
998:Jamil Mardam Bey
973:Hashim al-Atassi
948:
819:
749:
742:
735:
726:
720:
719:
691:
685:
678:
672:
671:
669:
667:
657:"Ibrahim Hananu"
652:
646:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
617:
608:
603:Adham al-Jundi,
601:
595:
594:
586:
580:
579:
561:
555:
554:
536:
530:
529:
511:
505:
498:
482:Hasan al-Kharrat
478:
464:
454:Sultan al-Atrash
450:
436:
422:
412:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
408:
396:Hasan al-Kharrat
366:Sultan al-Atrash
351:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
278:Fathallah Saqqal
125:
115:
113:
65:
33:
19:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2314:Category:Aleppo
2307:
2246:State of Aleppo
2236:Baghdad Railway
2141:Kingdom of Armi
2118:
2104:Ommal Aleppo SC
2094:Al-Herafyeen SC
2067:
2018:7 April Stadium
1999:
1943:
1939:Simeon Stylites
1879:Moustapha Akkad
1817:
1788:Al-Hatab Square
1776:
1767:Sheraton Aleppo
1730:
1663:
1657:
1593:
1589:Martyrs' Church
1579:Emmanuel Church
1565:
1547:
1528:
1483:
1433:
1412:
1322:
1288:Al-Muqaddamiyah
1256:
1202:Hammam Yalbugha
1150:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1067:
1058:
1032:
939:
910:
820:
811:
807:Greater Lebanon
775:State of Aleppo
758:
753:
723:
693:
692:
688:
680:Philip Khoury,
679:
675:
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663:
654:
653:
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456:
451:
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414:
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336:
323:
311:
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273:
254:for control of
214:
208:
180:
152:
76:
67:
63:
54:
45:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2293:
2288:
2283:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:People's Party
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Qudud Halabiya
2228:
2226:Aleppo Vilayet
2223:
2218:
2216:Levant Company
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
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2066:
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2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1985:Aleppo plateau
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Kurd Mountains
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Paul of Aleppo
1911:
1909:Omar Abu-Riche
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:Nazim al-Kudsi
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Jerry Seinfeld
1856:
1854:Ibrahim Hananu
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1822:Notable people
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1808:Liberty Square
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1778:
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1775:
1774:
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1736:
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1718:
1713:
1711:Aleppo College
1708:
1703:
1698:
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1656:
1655:
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1607:
1606:Historic gates
1603:
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1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Bahsita Mosque
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Al-Turantaiyah
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Beit Achiqbash
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1172:Al-Madina Souq
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
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1146:Sheikh Maqsood
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184:Ottoman Empire
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162:and raised in
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123:Ibrāhīm Hanānū
104:Ibrahim Hananu
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94:Leader of the
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91:Known for
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23:Ibrahim Hananu
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440:Ayyash Al-Haj
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386:Adham Khanjar
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376:Henri Gouraud
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298:National Bloc
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267:later years.
265:
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258:and southern
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212:Hananu Revolt
205:
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160:Kafr Takharim
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112:إبراهيم هنانو
109:
106:(1869–1935) (
105:
97:
96:Hananu Revolt
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
61:
57:
53:
52:Ottoman Syria
49:
48:Kafr Takharim
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2176:Aleppo Codex
1965:Mount Simeon
1960:Dhahab River
1929:Sabah Fakhri
1874:Louay Kayali
1864:Joseph Safra
1853:
1662:Culture and
1648:Bab al-Faraj
1643:Bab al-Jinan
1638:Bab Antakeya
1628:Bab al-Maqam
1618:Bab al-Ahmar
1613:Bab al-Hadid
1318:Al-Zahiriyah
1283:Al-Kameliyah
1278:Al-Halawiyah
1268:Al-Ahmadiyah
1018:Haqqi al-Azm
967:
963:Saleh al-Ali
699:
695:
689:
681:
676:
664:. Retrieved
660:
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641:
629:. Retrieved
625:
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584:
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559:
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534:
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509:
501:
496:
468:Saleh Al-Ali
391:Saleh Al-Ali
324:
315:Kafr Tkharem
312:
291:
282:
274:
236:Najeeb Oweid
215:
181:
153:
103:
102:
64:(1935-11-21)
2338:1935 deaths
2333:1869 births
2166:Dead Cities
2161:Aleppo soap
1975:Mount Barsa
1955:Queiq River
1934:Saint Maron
1772:Shahba Mall
1762:Club d'Alep
1653:Bab al-Nasr
1237:Baron Hotel
832:1919 revolt
702:(1): 3–30.
288:Later years
192:Arab Revolt
81:Nationality
2327:Categories
2109:Ouroube SC
1834:Al-Ma'arri
1716:École Amal
1571:Protestant
1480:(Maronite)
1273:Al-Firdaws
1247:Villa Rose
489:References
158:family in
2186:Mirdasids
2181:Hamdanids
2156:Bit Agusi
1664:education
825:Conflicts
242:based in
174:of 1908.
117:romanized
2151:Palistin
2099:Jalaa SC
1757:Abu Abdo
1496:Catholic
1451:Historic
1443:Churches
1336:Historic
1261:Madrasas
1136:Ramouseh
915:Treaties
334:See also
260:Anatolia
200:al-Fatat
196:Faisal I
126:) was a
2191:Zengids
1839:Buhturi
1328:Mosques
716:4282814
666:18 July
631:20 July
256:Cilicia
244:Armanaz
227:Antakya
156:Kurdish
144:Kurdish
132:Ottoman
119::
2146:Yamhad
2011:Venues
1948:Nature
1488:Modern
1417:Modern
1107:Aleppo
1037:French
951:Syrian
944:People
936:(1936)
930:(1920)
924:(1916)
763:States
714:
572:
547:
522:
252:Levant
219:Aleppo
164:Aleppo
136:revolt
128:Syrian
108:Arabic
85:Syrian
70:Aleppo
2072:Clubs
2004:Sport
712:JSTOR
381:Syria
321:Death
271:Trial
223:Idlib
140:Syria
74:Syria
668:2016
633:2016
570:ISBN
545:ISBN
520:ISBN
225:and
59:Died
44:1869
41:Born
704:doi
2329::
710:.
700:17
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659:.
624:.
612:^
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221:,
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718:.
706::
670:.
635:.
578:.
553:.
528:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
