31:
1056:
402:. Over the years, some of them bleed into larger namespaces (as people interact in ways they formerly had not, e.g., cross-border trade, scientific collaboration, military alliance, and general cultural interconnection or assimilation). When such dissemination happens, the limitations of the original naming convention, which had formerly been latent and moot, become painfully apparent, often necessitating
1070:
434:, where the proper noun/common noun distinction (and its complications) must be dealt with. A universe in which every object had a UID would not need any namespaces, which is to say that it would constitute one gigantic namespace; but human minds could never keep track of, or semantically interrelate, so many UIDs.
414:, and so on. Such limitations generally accompany the shift away from the original context to the broader one. Typically the system shows implicit context (context was formerly assumed, and narrow), lack of capacity (e.g., low number of possible IDs, reflecting the outmoded narrow context), lack of
232:
along with them. For example, when you know that the food package in front of you has the identifier "2011-09-25T15:42Z-MFR5-P02-243-45", you not only have that data, you also have the metadata that tells you that it was packaged on
September 25, 2011, at 3:42pm UTC, manufactured by Licensed Vendor
236:
Arbitrary identifiers might lack metadata. For example, if a food package just says 100054678214, its ID may not tell anything except identityâno date, manufacturer name, production sequence rank, or inspector number. In some cases, arbitrary identifiers such as sequential serial numbers leak
347:
One specific person may be identified by all of the following identifiers: Jane Smith; Jane Elizabeth Meredith Smith; Jane E. M. Smith; Jane E. Smith; Janie Smith; Janie; Little Janie (as opposed to her mother or sister or cousin,
192:
employee number 20" are identifiers for the same specific human being; but normal
English-language connotation may consider "Jamie Zawinski" a "name" and not an "identifier", whereas it considers "Netscape employee number 20" an "identifier" but not a "name." This is an
97:; they are arbitrarily assigned and have no greater meaning. (Sometimes identifiers are called "codes" even when they are actually arbitrary, whether because the speaker believes that they have deeper meaning or simply because they are speaking casually and imprecisely.)
418:(no features defined and reserved against future needs), and lack of specificity and disambiguating capability (related to the context shift, where longstanding uniqueness encounters novel nonuniqueness). Within computer science, this problem is called
348:
Big Janie); Aunt Jane; Auntie Janie; Mom; Grandmom; Nana; Kelly's mother; Billy's grandmother; Ms. Smith; Dr. Smith; Jane E. Smith, PhD; and Fuzzy (her jocular nickname at work).
65:
often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those.
897:
2710:
272:. Identifiers are used extensively in virtually all information processing systems. Identifying entities makes it possible to refer to them, which is essential for any kind of symbolic processing.
907:
1750:
147:"Model T Serial Number 159,862" identifies one specific member of that classâthat is, one particular Model T car, owned by one specific person.
1571:
902:
657:
912:
2290:
1755:
233:
Number 5, at the Peoria, IL, USA plant, in
Building 2, and was the 243rd package off the line in that shift, and was inspected by Inspector Number 45.
463:
1102:
681:
708:
836:
954:
646:
1025:
2576:
2423:
929:
506:
469:
2095:
1997:
671:
627:
620:
610:
365:
77:
ideas or longer names) or they may simply be arbitrary. When an identifier follows an encoding system, it is often referred to as a
541:
2705:
2581:
2428:
995:
487:
426:
system provides a good case example in a recent-decades, technical-nomenclature context. The capitalization variations seen with
2497:
871:
831:
281:
876:
571:
93:
in contrast to identifiers without symbolic meaning. Identifiers that do not follow any encoding scheme are often said to be
2715:
2144:
2131:
1712:
934:
246:
1848:
1475:
1427:
1095:
939:
307:
1953:
1153:
959:
796:
1060:
2242:
1503:
1224:
1021:
806:
477:
376:
The inverse is also possible, where multiple resources are represented with the same identifier (discussed below).
369:
357:
34:
2685:
241:). Opaque identifiersâidentifiers designed to avoid leaking even that small amount of informationâinclude "really
2554:
816:
524:
2656:
2512:
2049:
1338:
590:
562:
2825:
2395:
1727:
1088:
213:, an identifier is a language-independent label, sign or token that uniquely identifies an object within an
1074:
30:
2413:
2322:
2089:
1960:
1446:
735:
299:
2164:
1209:
991:
892:
851:
781:
776:
214:
2846:
2452:
2184:
1919:
919:
443:
2159:
2812:
2549:
2539:
2462:
2437:
1827:
1494:
1470:
949:
691:
500:
315:
262:
238:
218:
2039:
2675:
2618:
2382:
2062:
1855:
1737:
1649:
1417:
1391:
1267:
1158:
826:
298:) which name language entities. Some of the kinds of entities an identifier might denote include
1029:
49:
is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique
2851:
2761:
2527:
2016:
1896:
1290:
1256:
1251:
965:
887:
841:
821:
332:
287:
101:
17:
2646:
2522:
2517:
2418:
2339:
2236:
1904:
1873:
1780:
1639:
1360:
600:
431:
419:
385:
258:
181:
2651:
2571:
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2561:
2492:
2457:
2408:
2366:
2260:
2137:
2044:
1886:
1863:
1822:
1576:
1536:
1348:
811:
786:
745:
2332:
2544:
2507:
2386:
2378:
2317:
2309:
2285:
2275:
2207:
2151:
2116:
1992:
1974:
1924:
1817:
1664:
1599:
1543:
1219:
1144:
801:
291:
265:
242:
185:
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999:
341:
One person with multiple names, nicknames, and forms of address (titles, salutations)
2840:
2534:
2442:
2361:
2250:
2231:
2216:
2121:
2084:
1967:
1934:
1914:
1837:
1812:
1807:
1794:
1765:
1722:
1659:
1566:
1551:
1522:
1435:
1229:
1111:
718:
530:
459:
415:
121:
86:
38:
2800:
2788:
2738:
2732:
2727:
2586:
2280:
2226:
2221:
2174:
2108:
2034:
2024:
2003:
1947:
1881:
1832:
1760:
1694:
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1619:
1609:
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1297:
1115:
881:
861:
791:
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269:
222:
140:
1080:
2773:
2695:
2354:
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2265:
2179:
2169:
2029:
1987:
1982:
1799:
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1654:
1634:
1629:
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1372:
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167:
113:
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1204:
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1134:
1129:
970:
846:
311:
159:
180:
are often connotatively distinguished from names in the sense of traditional
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2403:
2295:
2055:
1770:
1453:
1387:
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58:
54:
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229:
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189:
53:
of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, person, physical
2636:
2608:
2076:
1704:
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2755:
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514:
423:
361:
337:
A resource may carry multiple identifiers. Typical examples are:
493:
391:
198:
194:
70:
1084:
898:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
723:
many scopes, e.g., company-specific, government-specific
91:
system of valid symbols that substitute for longer values
908:
713:
U.S., with some international bibliographic usefulness
676:
U.S., with some international bibliographic usefulness
69:
The words, numbers, letters, or symbols may follow an
422:. The story of the origination and expansion of the
2629:
2601:
2483:
2394:
2375:
2308:
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2107:
2015:
1933:
1895:
1872:
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1736:
1703:
1618:
1585:
1502:
1491:
1386:
1316:
1197:
1171:
1122:
327:Identifiers (IDs) versus Unique identifiers (UIDs)
996:"Procedure for Applying Identifiers to Documents"
430:reveals an instance of this problem occurring in
582:Electronic Identifier Serial Publicaction (EISP)
557:originated in E.U.; may be seen internationally
356:One substance with multiple names (for example,
112:âonly one particular object in the universe. A
61:substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation
903:International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
884:â contains various standardized naming systems
1096:
913:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
605:many scopes, e.g., specific computer systems
505:originated in U.S.; today international (via
89:metadata registry standard defines a code as
8:
638:International eBook Identifier Number (IEIN)
217:. The suffix "identifier" is also used as a
73:(wherein letters, digits, words, or symbols
547:originated in Germany; today international
162:equal, and the terms are thus denotatively
2391:
1869:
1499:
1103:
1089:
1081:
682:Personal identification number (Denmark)
519:originated in U.S.; today international
447:
380:Implicit context and namespace conflicts
29:
983:
709:Serial Item and Contribution Identifier
57:object (or class thereof), or physical
1026:"Information on Chemical Nomenclature"
837:Identity (object-oriented programming)
372:generic drug names versus brand names)
955:Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine
7:
647:International Standard Serial Number
37:are used to display identifiers for
27:Name that identifies a unique entity
930:Personally identifiable information
353:One document with multiple versions
672:Library of Congress Control Number
621:International Standard Book Number
438:Identifiers in various disciplines
116:is an identifier, but it is not a
108:) is an identifier that refers to
25:
611:International Chemical Identifier
398:systems originate within a small
1751:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1068:
1054:
462:, corresponding one-to-one with
872:Naming convention (programming)
755:Unique Article Identifier (UAI)
282:Identifier (computer languages)
877:National identification number
572:Employer Identification Number
228:ID codes may inherently carry
132:"Model T" identifies the
1:
1059:The dictionary definition of
197:indistinction rather than an
128:of the part design. Thus the
18:Identifier (computer science)
940:Reference (computer science)
960:Uniform resource identifier
184:naming. For example, both "
139:of automobiles that Ford's
2868:
2414:Imperial, royal, and noble
1022:University of Pennsylvania
807:Document management system
478:Australian Business Number
441:
383:
368:generic drug names versus
330:
279:
166:; but they are not always
2821:
2498:Imperial, royal and noble
817:Food labeling regulations
525:Digital object identifier
1339:Maiden and married names
591:Global Trade Item Number
261:, identifiers (IDs) are
2826:Category:Lists of names
696:Many different systems
660:standard number, e.g.,
143:comprises; whereas the
124:is needed, to identify
120:identifierâfor that, a
1756:Eritrean and Ethiopian
736:Social Security Number
633:; international scope
536:, international scope
237:information (i.e. the
42:
2686:GaltonâWatson process
2291:Ancient Tamil country
1713:Australian Aboriginal
992:University of Glasgow
893:Chemical nomenclature
852:Marketing part number
782:British Approved Name
777:Binomial nomenclature
276:In computer languages
215:identification scheme
33:
2453:Post-nominal letters
1572:Indigenous Taiwanese
1077:at Wikimedia Commons
728:Service batch number
701:Product batch number
626:ISBN is part of the
444:Category:Identifiers
428:specific designators
170:synonymous, because
85:. For instance the
2813:Surnames by country
2438:Pre-nominal letters
1495:Surnames by country
950:Representation term
692:Pharmaceutical code
501:CAS registry number
468:international (via
360:index names versus
253:In computer science
239:German tank problem
219:representation term
35:Registration plates
2676:Endonym and exonym
2619:Calendar of saints
2602:Related traditions
2376:Manners of address
1738:Sub-Saharan Africa
1159:Nobiliary particle
827:Handle (computing)
290:, identifiers are
288:computer languages
95:arbitrary Ids
43:
2834:
2833:
2762:Personal identity
2597:
2596:
2304:
2303:
2245:
2193:
2192:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2098:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2006:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1858:
1851:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1317:By life situation
1270:
1073:Media related to
1032:on 4 January 2009
966:Unique identifier
888:Nomenclature code
842:Identity document
822:Gene nomenclature
762:
761:
432:natural languages
333:Unique identifier
145:unique identifier
110:only one instance
102:unique identifier
16:(Redirected from
2859:
2647:Anthropomorphism
2392:
2340:Buddhist surname
2241:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2096:Hispanic America
2094:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2002:
1973:
1966:
1961:African-American
1959:
1952:
1870:
1854:
1847:
1818:Ashkenazi Jewish
1623:and Western Asia
1588:and Central Asia
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1500:
1361:Placeholder name
1266:
1210:Double-barrelled
1105:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1072:
1058:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1028:. Archived from
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
998:. Archived from
988:
601:Group identifier
448:
420:naming collision
386:Naming collision
259:computer science
182:natural language
150:The concepts of
21:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2817:
2652:Personification
2625:
2593:
2479:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2367:Theophoric name
2300:
2205:
2189:
2103:
2011:
1929:
1891:
1868:
1797:
1785:
1732:
1699:
1622:
1614:
1587:
1581:
1493:
1487:
1382:
1349:Posthumous name
1312:
1193:
1167:
1118:
1109:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
990:
989:
985:
980:
975:
812:File descriptor
787:Data descriptor
767:
746:Tax file number
544:standard number
446:
440:
388:
382:
335:
329:
324:
284:
278:
255:
247:Version 4 UUIDs
243:opaque pointers
207:
71:encoding system
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2865:
2863:
2855:
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2627:
2626:
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2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2582:Ecclesiastical
2574:
2569:
2564:
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2552:
2542:
2537:
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2460:
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2440:
2435:
2434:
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2431:
2429:Ecclesiastical
2421:
2416:
2411:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2318:Christian name
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
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2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
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2246:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2208:Southeast Asia
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2132:Eastern Slavic
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
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1901:
1899:
1893:
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1787:
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1540:
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1508:
1506:
1497:
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1463:
1456:
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1431:
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1403:
1397:
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1370:
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1368:
1358:
1357:
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1326:
1320:
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1300:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1283:
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1273:
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1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1112:Personal names
1110:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1050:
1049:External links
1047:
1044:
1043:
1013:
1002:on 5 June 2011
982:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:
968:
963:
957:
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937:
932:
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905:
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895:
885:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
832:Identification
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
802:Diagnosis code
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
768:
766:
763:
760:
759:
758:international
756:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
729:
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724:
721:
715:
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698:
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688:
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531:Handle System
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294:(also called
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168:connotatively
165:
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127:
126:each instance
123:
122:serial number
119:
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111:
107:
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98:
96:
92:
88:
87:ISO/IEC 11179
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2801:Signum manus
2789:Royal cypher
2766:
2754:
2739:Nomen nescio
2737:
2733:Nomenclature
2728:Naming taboo
2540:Professional
2383:of authority
2333:Saint's name
1998:Scandinavian
1620:Muslim world
1458:
1434:
1405:
1257:Occupational
1116:anthroponymy
1061:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:the original
986:
935:Product code
882:Nomenclature
862:Name binding
792:Data element
464:element name
389:
375:
345:For example:
344:
336:
285:
256:
235:
227:
223:data element
208:
177:
171:
160:denotatively
155:
151:
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144:
141:Model T
136:
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129:
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109:
105:
99:
94:
90:
83:id code
82:
78:
74:
68:
62:
59:noncountable
50:
46:
44:
2847:Identifiers
2774:Proper name
2696:Name change
2550:Educational
2528:Substantive
2467:decorations
2350:Jewish name
2345:Dharma name
2310:By religion
1975:Hongkongese
1800:Australasia
1640:Azerbaijani
1373:Regnal name
1354:Temple name
1184:Middle name
1172:By sequence
1149:Matrilineal
1145:Patrilineal
1075:Identifiers
925:Part number
920:Overloading
750:Australian
482:Australian
442:Main page:
412:transcoding
312:subroutines
114:part number
2841:Categories
2767:Identifier
2750:Onomastics
2691:Legal name
2671:Deadnaming
2567:Diplomatic
2523:Subsidiary
2518:Hereditary
2409:Diplomatic
2328:Papal name
2237:Indonesian
2203:South Asia
2199:Indosphere
2165:Macedonian
2138:Belarusian
2045:Portuguese
1887:Lithuanian
1781:Zimbabwean
1577:Vietnamese
1537:Generation
1504:East Asian
1492:By culture
1466:Stage name
1423:Hypocorism
1388:Pseudonyms
1378:Slave name
1329:Birth name
1281:Teknonymic
1262:Patronymic
1242:Matronymic
1205:Diminutive
1179:First name
1135:Given name
1130:Birth name
1062:identifier
978:References
971:Unique key
847:Index term
797:Descriptor
527:(DOI, doi)
451:Identifier
408:synonymity
384:See also:
268:that name
178:Id numbers
173:code names
164:synonymous
156:identifier
130:identifier
47:identifier
2779:Signature
2666:Call sign
2642:Anonymity
2577:Religious
2503:Chivalric
2424:Religious
2419:Judiciary
2404:Honorific
2387:of honour
2286:Sinhalese
2276:Pakistani
2261:Malaysian
2256:Cambodian
2160:Kashubian
2152:Ukrainian
2117:Bulgarian
2056:Praenomen
1993:Icelandic
1864:Hungarian
1665:Pakistani
1600:Mongolian
1454:Ring name
1447:Heteronym
1413:Nicknames
1334:Code name
1286:Toponymic
1276:Sobriquet
1252:Mononymic
1247:Metonymic
1189:Last name
867:Namespace
631:Namespace
563:EC number
534:Namespace
492:U.S. and
488:CAGE code
404:retronymy
400:namespace
322:Ambiguity
300:variables
75:stand for
55:countable
2852:Metadata
2796:Khelrtva
2784:Monogram
2745:Misnomer
2723:Namesake
2657:National
2614:Name day
2572:Judicial
2562:Business
2555:Honorary
2545:Academic
2535:Military
2508:Courtesy
2493:Academic
2458:Academic
2448:Emeritus
2251:Javanese
2232:Filipino
2217:Balinese
2185:Suffixes
2122:Croatian
2085:Romanian
2070:Cognomen
1968:Canadian
1954:American
1935:Germanic
1920:Scottish
1838:Georgian
1828:Estonian
1813:Armenian
1808:Albanian
1766:Ghanaian
1723:Hawaiian
1660:Mandaean
1567:Okinawan
1552:Japanese
1523:Courtesy
1483:Username
1476:Mononyms
1442:Pen name
1428:Monarchs
1401:Art name
1344:Necronym
1324:Aptronym
1237:Eponymic
1198:By trait
1036:28 April
1006:28 April
945:Referent
857:Metadata
765:See also
686:Denmark
662:ISO 8601
553:E number
316:packages
270:entities
230:metadata
211:metadata
205:Metadata
190:Netscape
2716:Surname
2637:Acronym
2630:Related
2609:Baptism
2243:Chinese
2227:Burmese
2222:Bengali
2175:Serbian
2145:Russian
2090:Spanish
2077:Agnomen
2040:Occitan
2035:Italian
2025:Catalan
2017:Romance
2004:Swedish
1948:English
1905:Cornish
1882:Latvian
1856:Cypriot
1833:Finnish
1746:Ashanti
1705:Oceania
1695:Turkish
1675:Persian
1670:Pashtun
1645:Bengali
1610:Tibetan
1517:Chinese
1460:Shikona
1366:Notname
1298:Patrial
1291:Surname
1268:Surname
1215:Epithet
1154:Affixes
1140:Surname
772:Barcode
364:names;
314:, and
296:symbols
263:lexical
188:" and "
137:(model)
2806:Tughra
2711:Middle
2681:Family
2485:Titles
2471:medals
2469:, and
2463:Orders
2443:Suffix
2396:Styles
2355:Hebrew
2281:Sindhi
2266:Indian
2180:Slovak
2170:Polish
2109:Slavic
2030:French
1988:Gothic
1983:German
1897:Celtic
1874:Baltic
1823:Basque
1791:Europe
1776:Yoruba
1718:Fijian
1685:Somali
1680:Sindhi
1655:Coptic
1650:Berber
1635:Arabic
1630:Afghan
1595:Kalmyk
1562:Manchu
1557:Korean
1544:Titles
1308:Virtue
1303:Unisex
1225:Common
1220:Animal
649:(ISSN)
623:(ISBN)
454:Scope
308:labels
292:tokens
266:tokens
245:" and
118:unique
2756:-onym
2706:Given
2702:List
2587:Papal
2513:False
2127:Czech
2063:Nomen
2050:Roman
1943:Dutch
1925:Welsh
1910:Irish
1843:Greek
1728:MÄori
1690:Tatar
1605:Sakha
1512:Amami
1230:Plant
962:(URI)
740:U.S.
577:U.S.
574:(EIN)
515:CODEN
424:CODEN
392:codes
390:Many
362:IUPAC
304:types
201:one.
134:class
51:class
2379:List
2296:Thai
2206:and
1915:Manx
1798:and
1771:Igbo
1471:List
1418:list
1407:BugĹ
1392:list
1114:and
1038:2009
1008:2009
494:NATO
394:and
370:USAN
199:etic
195:emic
176:and
158:are
154:and
152:name
100:The
79:code
2271:Lao
1761:Ewe
1530:Art
658:ISO
628:EAN
542:DIN
507:ISV
470:ISV
366:INN
358:CAS
286:In
257:In
209:In
106:UID
81:or
45:An
2843::
2465:,
1793:,
1024:.
994:.
509:)
472:)
406:,
318:.
310:,
306:,
302:,
249:.
225:.
63:ID
2385:/
2210:)
2201:(
1394:)
1390:(
1147:/
1104:e
1097:t
1090:v
1040:.
1010:.
104:(
41:.
20:)
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