486:
232:
1272:("Fraud related to activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information"). The statute now makes the possession of any "means of identification" to "knowingly transfer, possess, or use without lawful authority" a federal crime, alongside unlawful possession of identification documents. However, for federal jurisdiction to prosecute, the crime must include an "identification document" that either: (a) is purportedly issued by the United States, (b) is used or intended to defraud the United States, (c) is sent through the mail, or (d) is used in a manner that affects interstate or foreign commerce.
850:, each state has enacted laws that deal with different aspects of identity or fraud issues. Some states have now amended relevant criminal laws to reflect crimes of identity theft, such as the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), Crimes Amendment (Fraud, Identity and Forgery Offences) Act 2009, and also in Queensland under the Criminal Code 1899 (QLD). Other states and territories are in states of development in respect of regulatory frameworks relating to identity theft such as Western Australia in respect of the Criminal Code Amendment (Identity Crime) Bill 2009.
1238:(2005) EWCA Crim 1941, the defendant was acting as the "frontman" in the use of stolen credit cards and other documents to obtain goods. He obtained goods to the value of £10,000 for others who are unlikely ever to be identified. The Court of Appeal considered a sentencing policy for deception offenses involving "identity theft" and concluded that a prison sentence was required. Henriques J. said at para 14: "Identity fraud is a particularly pernicious and prevalent form of dishonesty calling for, in our judgment, deterrent sentences."
1126:), has been known as a source of various identity theft problems. Identities of people who carelessly put personal information on their profiles can easily be stolen just by simple browsing. Some people meet online, get to know each other through Facebook chat, and exchange messages that share private information. Others get romantically involved with online friends and end up sharing too much information (such as their social security number, bank account, home address, and company address).
1390:
1001:. Each province and territory has its own privacy law and privacy commissioners to limit the storage and use of personal data. For the private sector, the purpose of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (2000, c. 5) (known as PIPEDA) is to establish rules to govern the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information; except for the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia where provincial laws have been deemed substantially similar.
665:, driver's license number, credit card number, etc.) increases the risks of identity theft unless this valuable personal information is adequately secured at all times. Committing personal identifiers to memory is a sound practice that can reduce the risks of a would-be identity thief from obtaining these records. To help in remembering numbers such as social security numbers and credit card numbers, it is helpful to consider using mnemonic techniques or memory aids such as the
414:, a label given to people who use someone else's photos and information on social networking sites. Posers mostly create believable stories involving friends of the real person they are imitating. Unlike identity theft used to obtain credit which usually comes to light when the debts mount, concealment may continue indefinitely without being detected, particularly if the identity thief can obtain false credentials to pass various authentication tests in everyday life.
519:
associated with them. Thieves can establish lines of credit, obtain driver's licenses, or even buy a house using a child's identity. This fraud can go undetected for years, as most children do not discover the problem until years later. Child identity theft is fairly common, and studies have shown that the problem is growing. The largest study on child identity theft, as reported by
Richard Power of the Carnegie Mellon Cylab with data supplied by
3882:
156:
713:(FTC) discussed the sale of Social Security numbers and other personal identifiers by credit-raters and data miners. The FTC agreed to the industry's self-regulating principles restricting access to information on credit reports. According to the industry, the restrictions vary according to the category of customer. Credit reporting agencies gather and disclose personal and credit information to a wide business client base.
3891:
697:
this study revealed that identity theft was a positive correlation with reputable damages. The relationship between perceived risk and online purchase intention were negative. The significance of this study reveals that online companies are more aware of the potential harm that can be done to their consumers, therefore they are searching for ways to reduce the perceived risk of consumers and not lose out on business.
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5074:
501:
crime is that medical identity theft occurs when someone seeks medical care under the identity of another person. Insurance theft is also very common, if a thief has your insurance information and or your insurance card, they can seek medical attention posing as yourself. In addition to risks of financial harm common to all forms of identity theft, the thief's medical history may be added to the victim's
1313:
percent of the US population said they were a victim of ID theft. In 2005, that number had dropped to 3.7 percent of the population. The commission's 2003 estimate was that identity theft accounted for some $ 52.6 billion of losses in the preceding year alone and affected more than 9.91 million
Americans; the figure comprises $ 47.6 billion lost by businesses and $ 5 billion lost by consumers.
317:, and the program is so hacker-friendly that even an inexperienced hacker can operate it. Although the hacking program is easy to use, that fact does not diminish the devastating effects that Zeus (or other software like Zeus) can do on a computer and the user. For example, programs like Zeus can steal credit card information, important documents, and even documents necessary for
54:
505:. Inaccurate information in the victim's records is difficult to correct and may affect future insurability or cause doctors to rely on misinformation to deliver inappropriate care. After the publication of the report, which contained a recommendation that consumers receive notifications of medical data breach incidents, California passed a law requiring this, and then finally
1364:. The addition of using cloud information within the United States medicare system would institute easily accessible health information for individuals, but that also makes it easier for identity theft. Currently, new technology is being produced to help encrypt and protect files, which will create a smooth transition to cloud technology in the healthcare system.
1454:. Confusion over exactly what constitutes identity theft has led to claims that statistics may be exaggerated. An extensively reported study from Microsoft Research in 2011 finds that estimates of identity theft losses contain enormous exaggerations, writing that surveys "are so compromised and biased that no faith whatever can be placed in their findings."
95:
1439:
services. Not only did she damage my credit, but she escalated her crimes to a level that I never truly expected: she engaged in drug trafficking. The crime resulted in my erroneous arrest record, a warrant out for my arrest, and eventually, a prison record when she was booked under my name as an inmate in the
Chicago Federal Prison."
986:(a) with intent to gain advantage for themselves or another person; (b) with intent to obtain any property or an interest in any property; (c) with intent to cause disadvantage to the person being personated or another person; or (d) with intent to avoid arrest or prosecution or to obstruct, pervert or defeat the course of justice.
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later. Usage of a stolen credit card is difficult in Sweden since an identity document or a PIN code is normally demanded. If a shop does not demand either, it must take the loss from accepting a stolen credit card. The practice of observing someone using their credit card's PIN code, stealing the credit card, or
427:. Provided the subterfuge works, charges may be placed under the victim's name, letting the criminal off the hook. Victims might only learn of such incidents by chance, for example by receiving a court summons, discovering their driver's licenses are suspended when stopped for minor traffic violations, or through
1309:
for detecting identity theft. The FTC has determined that most medical practices are considered creditors and are subject to requirements to develop a plan to prevent and respond to patient identity theft. These plans must be adopted by each organization's board of directors and monitored by senior executives.
1320:, in 2010, 7% of US households experienced identity theft - up from 5.5% in 2005 when the figures were first assembled, but broadly flat since 2007. In 2012, approximately 16.6 million persons, or 7% of all U.S. residents age 16 or older, reported being victims of one or more incidents of identity theft.
1350:
has created the IRS Identity
Protection Specialized Unit to help taxpayers' who are victims of federal tax-related identity theft. Generally, the identity thief will use a stolen SSN to file a forged tax return and attempt to get a fraudulent refund early in the filing season. A taxpayer will need to
1308:
Six
Federal agencies conducted a joint task force to increase the ability to detect identity theft. Their joint recommendation on "red flag" guidelines is a set of requirements on financial institutions and other entities which furnish credit data to credit reporting services to develop written plans
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Whoever, fraudulently or dishonestly makes use of the electronic signature, password, or any other unique identification feature of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend
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in the previous month, "The bad news is that, despite being incredibly cost-effective and deployable to virtually anywhere in the world, only a handful of countries are systematically using SLTD to screen travelers. The result is a major gap in our global security apparatus that is left vulnerable to
696:
Several types of identity theft are used to gather information, one of the most common types occurs when consumers make online purchases. A study was conducted with 190 people to determine the relationship between the constructs of fear of financial losses and reputational damages. The conclusions of
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Surveys in the US from 2003 to 2006 showed a decrease in the total number of identity fraud victims and a decrease in the total value of identity fraud from US$ 47.6 billion in 2003 to $ 15.6 billion in 2006. The average fraud per person decreased from $ 4,789 in 2003 to $ 1,882 in 2006. A Microsoft
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Other types of identity theft have become more common in Sweden. One common example is ordering a credit card to someone who has an unlocked letterbox and is not home during the daytime. The thief steals the letter with the credit card and the letter with the code, which typically arrives a few days
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In a widely publicized account, Michelle Brown, a victim of identity fraud, testified before a U.S. Senate
Committee Hearing on Identity Theft. Ms. Brown testified that: "over a year and a half from January 1998 through July 1999, one individual impersonated me to procure over $ 50,000 in goods and
716:
Poor stewardship of personal data by organizations, resulting in unauthorized access to sensitive data, can expose individuals to the risk of identity theft. The
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse has documented over 900 individual data breaches by US companies and government agencies since January 2005,
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is a form that will help one fight against a theft like tax theft. This form will put the IRS on alert and someone who believed they have been a victim of tax-related theft will be given an
Identity Protection Personal Identification Number (IP PIN), which is a 6 digit code used in replacing an SSN
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to file a tax return with false information, and have the resulting refund direct-deposited into a bank account controlled by the thief. The thief in this case can also try to get a job and then their employer will report the income of the real taxpayer, this then results in the taxpayer getting in
422:
When a criminal fraudulently identifies themselves to police as another individual at the point of arrest, it is sometimes referred to as "Criminal
Identity Theft." In some cases, criminals have previously obtained state-issued identity documents using credentials stolen from others, or have simply
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In the United
Kingdom, the Home Office reported that identity fraud costs the UK economy £1.2 billion annually (experts believe that the real figure could be much higher) although privacy groups object to the validity of these numbers, arguing that they are being used by the government to push for
1312:
Identity theft complaints as a percentage of all fraud complaints decreased from 2004 to 2006. The Federal Trade Commission reported that fraud complaints in general were growing faster than ID theft complaints. The findings were similar in two other FTC studies done in 2003 and 2005. In 2003, 4.6
676:
In recent years, commercial identity theft protection/insurance services have become available in many countries. These services purport to help protect the individual from identity theft or help detect that identity theft has occurred in exchange for a monthly or annual membership fee or premium.
1154:
were accepted for identity verification. Stolen documents are traceable by banks and certain other institutions. Banks are required to check the identity of anyone withdrawing money or getting loans. If a bank gives money to someone using an identity document that has been reported as stolen, the
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Victims of identity theft may face years of effort proving to the legal system that they are the true person, leading to emotional strain and financial losses. Most identity theft is perpetrated by a family member of the victim, and some may not be able to obtain new credit cards or open new bank
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identifying oneself unnecessarily (a form of information security control known as risk avoidance). This implies that organizations, IT systems, and procedures should not demand excessive amounts of personal information or credentials for identification and authentication. Requiring, storing, and
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might still have incorrect criminal records in their databases even after court and police records are corrected. Thus a future background check may return the incorrect criminal records. This is just one example of the kinds of impact that may continue to affect the victims of identity theft for
267:
as a method to gain financial advantages or obtain credit and other benefits. The person whose identity has been stolen may suffer adverse consequences, especially if they are falsely held responsible for the perpetrator's actions. Personally identifiable information generally includes a person's
533:
Not only are children in general big targets of identity theft but children who are in foster care are even bigger targets. This is because they are most likely moved around quite frequently and their SSN is being shared with multiple people and agencies. Foster children are even more victims of
500:
Privacy researcher Pam Dixon, the founder of the World Privacy Forum, coined the term medical identity theft and released the first major report about this issue in 2006. In the report, she defined the crime for the first time and made the plight of victims public. The report's definition of the
470:
or as a subfile on one of the victim's credit reports. Synthetic identity theft primarily harms the creditors who unwittingly grant the fraudsters credit. Individual victims can be affected if their names become confused with the synthetic identities, or if negative information in their subfiles
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depend on which jurisdiction the crime occurred and whether the true identity of the criminal can be determined. The victim might need to locate the original arresting officers and prove their own identity by some reliable means such as fingerprinting or DNA testing and may need to go to a court
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noted that "Most often, the causes of identity theft is not known", but reported that someone else concluded that "the probability of becoming a victim to identity theft as a result of a data breach is ... around only 2%". For example, in one of the largest data breaches which affected over four
1342:
committed to balancing consumer protection with the needs of small business owners. His Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation announced certain adjustments to Massachusetts' identity theft regulations that maintain protections and also allow flexibility in compliance. These updated
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Everyone commits an offense who knowingly obtains or possesses another person's identity information in circumstances giving rise to a reasonable inference that the information is intended to be used to commit an indictable offense that includes fraud, deceit, or falsehood as an element of the
672:
Identity thieves sometimes impersonate dead people, using personal information obtained from death notices, gravestones, and other sources to exploit delays between the death and the closure of the person's accounts, the inattentiveness of grieving families, and weaknesses in the processes for
518:
Child identity theft occurs when a minor's identity is used by another person for the impostor's personal gain. The impostor can be a family member, a friend, or even a stranger who targets children. The Social Security numbers of children are valued because they do not have any information
1155:
bank must take this loss. Since 2008, any EU passport is valid in Sweden for identity verification, and Swedish passports are valid all over the EU. This makes it harder to detect stolen documents, but banks in Sweden still must ensure that stolen documents are not accepted.
1259:
The increase in crimes of identity theft led to the drafting of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act. In 1998, The Federal Trade Commission appeared before the United States Senate. The FTC discussed crimes which exploit consumer credit to commit loan fraud,
509:
was expanded to also require medical breach notification when breaches affect 500 or more people. Data collected and stored by hospitals and other organizations such as medical aid schemes is up to 10 times more valuable to cybercriminals than credit card information.
1295:(b). In addition, punishments for the unlawful use of a "means of identification" were strengthened in § 1028A ("Aggravated Identity Theft"), allowing for a consecutive sentence under specific enumerated felony violations as defined in § 1028A(c)(1) through (11).
747:
Failure of governments, when registering sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations, to determine if the officers listed in the Articles of Incorporation are who they say they are. This potentially allows criminals access to personal information through
820:
maintains a database of 40 million lost and stolen travel documents from 157 countries, which Interpol makes available to governments and the public, including airlines and hotels. The Stolen and Lost Travel Documents (SLTD) database, however, is rarely used.
443:
of court records may also be required. Authorities might permanently maintain the victim's name as an alias for the criminal's true identity in their criminal records databases. One problem that victims of criminal identity theft may encounter is that various
530:(FTC) estimates that about nine million people will be victims of identity theft in the United States per year. It was also estimated that in 2008; 630,000 people under the age of 19 were victims of theft. This then gave the victims a debt of about $ 12,799.
1334:
In 2009, Indiana created an Identity Theft Unit within their Office of Attorney General to educate and assist consumers in avoiding and recovering from identity theft as well as assist law enforcement in investigating and prosecuting identity theft crimes.
1245:(UK's Fraud Prevention Service) show that there were 89,000 victims of identity theft in the UK in 2010 and 85,000 victims in 2009. Men in their 30s and 40s are the most common victims. Identity fraud now accounts for nearly half of all frauds recorded.
235:
Example of an identity theft crime: 1. The fraudster files tax return paperwork in the victim's name, claiming a refund. 2. The IRS issues a refund to the fraudster. 3. The victim submits their legitimate tax return. 4. The IRS rejects the return as a
465:
with a name and birthdate other than the ones that are simply associated with the number. Synthetic identity theft is more difficult to track as it doesn't show on either person's credit report directly but may appear as an entirely new file in the
1067:(PDPO) regulates the collection, use and retention of personal information in Hong Kong. It also provides citizens the right to request information held by businesses and the government to the extent provided by this law. The PDPO establishes the
287:
and identity theft is challenging, primarily because identity theft victims often do not know how their personal information was obtained. According to a report done for the FTC, identity theft is not always detectable by the individual victims.
292:
is often but not necessarily the consequence of identity theft. Someone can steal or misappropriate personal information without then committing identity theft using the information about every person, such as when a major data breach occurs. A
1170:
states that all information (e.g. addresses, incomes, taxes) kept by public authorities must be available for anyone, except in certain cases (for example, the addresses of people who need to hide are restricted). This makes fraud easier.
1141:
for the development, exploitation, and dissemination of information, but violators will be punished by the law through imprisonment or a fine upwards of ₱200,000, but not exceeding ₱1,000,000, or (depending on the damage caused) both.
313:, said, "Interested in credit card theft? There's an app for that." This statement summed up the ease with which these hackers are accessing all kinds of information online. The new program for infecting users' computers was called
1343:
regulations went into effect on 1 March 2010. The regulations are clear that their approach to data security is a risk-based approach important to small businesses and might not handle a lot of personal information about customers.
5186:
717:
which together have involved over 200 million total records containing sensitive personal information, many containing social security numbers. Poor corporate diligence standards which can result in data breaches include:
949:
applies only to Commonwealth and territory agencies and to certain private-sector bodies (where, for example, they deal with sensitive records, such as medical records, or they have more than $ 3 million in turnover PA).
534:
identity theft within their own families and other relatives. Young people in foster care who are victims of this crime are usually left alone to struggle and figure out how to fix their newly formed bad credit.
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Until 2016, there were no laws that specifically prohibited using someone's identity. Instead, there were only laws regarding any indirect damages caused. Impersonating anyone else for financial gain is a
2188:
799:. People increase the value of the stolen data by aggregating it with publicly available data, and sell it again for a profit, increasing the damage that can be done to the people whose data was stolen.
3521:, July 2000, U.S. Senate Committee Hearing on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information – "Identity Theft: How to Protect and Restore Your Good Name"
485:
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with authority to track the number of incidents and the dollar value of losses. Their figures relate mainly to consumer financial crimes and not the broader range of all identification-based crimes.
689:
Identity theft is a serious problem in the United States. In a 2018 study, it was reported that 60 million Americans' identities had been wrongfully acquired. In response, under advisement from the
783:, for identification and authentication has been cited as a way to thwart identity thieves, however, there are technological limitations and privacy concerns associated with these methods as well.
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1421:
report shows that this drop is due to statistical problems with the methodology, that such survey-based estimates are "hopelessly flawed" and exaggerate the true losses by orders of magnitude.
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Between 2014 and 2015 in Australia, there were 133,921 fraud and deception offences, an increase of 6% from previous year. The total cost reported by the Attorney General Department was:
5340:
3319:
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study determined that "most breaches have not resulted in detected incidents of identity theft". The report also warned that "the full extent is unknown". A later unpublished study by
637:) but identity-related documents such as credit cards, bank statements, utility bills, checkbooks, etc. may also be physically stolen from vehicles, homes, offices, and not the least
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The most common type of identity theft is related to finance. Financial identity theft includes obtaining credit, loans, goods, and services while claiming to be someone else.
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offense. is guilty of an indictable offense and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or is guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction.
641:, or directly from victims by pickpockets and bag snatchers. Guardianship of personal identifiers by consumers is the most common intervention strategy recommended by the
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and most sites that address identity theft. Such organizations offer recommendations on how individuals can prevent their information from falling into the wrong hands.
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in the online community, giving the users the freedom to post any information they want without any verification that the account is being used by the real person.
1195:. However, it is difficult to convict someone of committing this crime. In late 2016, a new law was introduced which partially banned undetermined identity usage.
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There are also high indirect costs associated as a direct result of an incident. For example, the total indirect costs for police recorded fraud is $ 5,774,081.
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3732:"Transcript of Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales and FTC Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras Announcing the Release of the President's Identity Theft Task Force"
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is guilty of an indictable offense and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years; or guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction.
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633:. For consumers, this is usually a result of them naively providing their personal information or login credentials to the identity thieves (e.g., in a
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1207:. The Act covers all personal data which an organization may hold, including names, birthday and anniversary dates, addresses, and telephone numbers.
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other than the second-mentioned person; or (b) in prejudice or a substantial risk of prejudice to any person other than the first-mentioned person,
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with the credit bureau. While identity theft protection/insurance services have been heavily marketed, their value has been called into question.
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2250:
Berg, Valeska; Arabiat, Diana; Morelius, Evalotte; Kervin, Lisa; Zgambo, Maggie; Robinson, Suzanne; Jenkins, Mark; Whitehead, Lisa (2024-02-21).
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The services typically work either by setting fraud alerts on the individual's credit files with the three major credit bureaus or by setting up
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3434:
Hyde, J. (2017). Preventing Identity Theft and Strengthening the American Health Care System. Policy & Practice (19426828), 75(5), 26–34.
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The emergence of children's identities on social media has also contributed to a rise in incidents of digital kidnapping and identity theft.
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the theft of laptop computers or portable media being carried off-site containing vast amounts of personal information. The use of strong
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Protecting Children from Identity Theft Act: report (to accompany H.R. 5192) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
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credit-checking. Such crimes may continue for some time until the deceased's families or the authorities notice and react to anomalies.
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It can be difficult for the victim of criminal identity theft to clear their record. The steps required to clear the victim's incorrect
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693:, some new bills have been implemented to improve security such as requiring electronic signatures and social security verification.
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million records, it resulted in only about 1,800 instances of identity theft, according to the company whose systems were breached.
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81:
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the brokerage of personal information to other businesses without ensuring that the purchaser maintains adequate security controls
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3145:, releases Survey of Identity Theft in U.S. 27.3 Million Victims in past 5 Years, Billions in Losses for Businesses and Consumers
490:
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1979:
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was coined in 1964. Since that time, the definition of identity theft has been legally defined throughout both the U.K. and the
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Likewise, each state has enacted its own privacy laws to prevent the misuse of personal information and data. The Commonwealth
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67:
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321:. If a hacker were to gain this information, it would mean nationwide identity theft or even a possible terrorist attack. The
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some months or even years after the crime, aside from the psychological trauma that being 'cloned' typically engenders.
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1879:"Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identity Theft Is Limited; However, the Full Extent Is Unknown"
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have created an Office of Privacy Protection to assist their citizens in avoiding and recovering from identity theft.
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about individuals, or various credentials they use to authenticate themselves, to impersonate them. Examples include:
334:
2969:
1845:"Wisconsin Statutes, Sec. 943.201. Unauthorized use of an individual's personal identifying information or documents"
1305:
If charges are brought by state or local law enforcement agencies, different penalties apply to depend on the state.
1191:). Impersonating anyone else to discredit them by hacking into their social media accounts and provoke is considered
2301:
1511: – act of preventing various types of internet frauds by consumers, business owners, and financial institutions
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461:, in which identities are completely or partially fabricated. The most common technique involves combining a real
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In this situation, the identity thief impersonates someone else to conceal their own true identity. Examples are
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2432:, Identity Theft Resource Center Fact Sheet 117 Identity Theft and the Deceased - Prevention and Victim Tips.
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occurs when someone uses another's personal identifying information, like their name, identifying number, or
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In France, a person convicted of identity theft can be sentenced up to five years in prison and fined up to
2401:
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name, date of birth, social security number, driver's license number, bank account or credit card numbers,
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An October 2010 article entitled "Cyber Crime Made Easy" explained the level to which hackers are using
31:
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the first-mentioned person commits the offense of fraud and is liable on conviction upon indictment to
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3112:"Federal Trade Commission: 2006 Identity Theft Survey Report: Prepared for the Commission by Synovate"
870:(3) A person is guilty of an offense if a) the person does anything with the intention of dishonestly
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There is an active market for buying and selling stolen personal information, which occurs mostly in
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as the theft of personally identifiable information. Identity theft deliberately uses someone else's
3598:
3344:, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, 3 November 2009
1041:(1) If any person by any deceit (whether or not the deceit is the sole or main inducement) and with
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1446:, identity theft was estimated to be worth between A$ 1billion and A$ 4 billion per annum in 2001.
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2252:"Young Children and the Creation of a Digital Identity on Social Networking Sites: Scoping Review"
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613:
Guessing Social Security numbers by using information found on Internet social networks such as
4591:
1376:. As a result, companies that report a data breach typically report it to all their customers.
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involves individuals stealing online images of children and misrepresenting them as their own.
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1960:
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399:
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105:
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3689:– a government task force established by US President George W. Bush to fight identity theft.
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1184:
1133:(Republic Act No. 10175). Section 2 of this act states that it recognizes the importance of
983:(1) Everyone commits an offense who fraudulently personates another person, living or dead,
761:
725:
445:
428:
2326:
1592: – form of identity theft, whereby a person takes on the identity of a deceased person
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has been criticized for facilitating the acquisition of personal identifiers by criminals.
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on these devices can reduce the chance of data being misused should a criminal obtain them.
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Data thieves in action: examining the international market for stolen personal information
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1361:
634:
480:
435:
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Identity cloning (using another's information to assume his or her identity in daily life)
42:
3334:
2545:"ID Theft Aftermath Shows a Wake of Financial and Emotional Victims | Credit Union Times"
1793:
Hoofnagle, Chris Jay (13 March 2007). "Identity Theft: Making the Known Unknowns Known".
1428:
Only 15% of victims find out about the theft through proactive action taken by a business
353:
Financial identity theft (using another's identity to obtain credit, goods, and services)
3692:
2592:
2278:
2251:
2048:
1403:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5702:
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2570:"Testimony before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information"
2422:
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812:
In March 2014, after it was learned two passengers with stolen passports were on board
792:
597:
502:
383:
314:
289:
35:
2237:"Protecting and defending a young person in foster care from financial identity theft"
1956:
280:, or any other information that can be used to access a person's financial resources.
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1656: – Massachusetts General Law (Massachusetts personal information protection law)
1653:
1583:
1523:
1339:
1180:
1176:
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The acquisition of personal identifiers is made possible through serious breaches of
467:
260:
2932:
2030:"Medical Identity Theft: What to Do if You are a Victim (or are concerned about it)"
1269:
1268:, commodities and services frauds. The Identity Theft Deterrence Act (2003) amended
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5027:
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induces another person to commit an act or make an omission, which results either-
830:
796:
646:
493:
diagram showing the identity theft risk associated with social security numbers on
3671:
2512:"Impact of Fear of Identity Theft and Perceived Risk on Online Purchase Intention"
1774:
1535: – cyberattack intended to redirect a website's traffic to another, fake site
1360:
As for the future of medical care and Medicaid, people are mostly concerned about
1292:
1280:
600:
about individual citizens, published in official registers such as electoral rolls
3619:
3516:
1434:
73% of respondents indicated the crime involved the thief acquiring a credit card
359:
Medical identity theft (using another's identity to obtain medical care or drugs)
5643:
5163:
5049:
4985:
4978:
4973:
4911:
4731:
4681:
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4277:
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4183:
3932:
3890:
3846:
3550:
3180:
2895:"The most likely victims of identity fraud: men in their late 30s and early 40s"
2656:"The ripple effect of identity theft: What happens to my data once it's stolen?"
2002:
1919:
1211:
1150:
Sweden has had relatively few problems with identity theft because only Swedish
780:
753:
731:
638:
558:
520:
440:
284:
3155:
3140:
2808:
2605:
855:
Criminal Code Amendment (Theft, Fraud, Bribery & Related Offences) Act 2000
350:
Criminal identity theft (posing as another person when apprehended for a crime)
5628:
5032:
4942:
4886:
4842:
4788:
4691:
4672:
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1565:
1476:
1324:
1138:
738:
340:
17:
3380:
3294:
2735:"Usurpation d'identité : la loi ou la technique pour se protéger ?"
2527:
2053:- "Fact Sheet 17g: Criminal Identity Theft: What to Do If It Happens to You "
1964:
1352:
5593:
4716:
4538:
4518:
4503:
4438:
4344:
4339:
4308:
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4260:
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1443:
1328:
847:
834:
776:
608:
407:
379:
371:
310:
30:
This article is about the concept of identity theft. For the 2004 film, see
2287:
721:
failure to shred confidential information before throwing it into dumpsters
567:. The most common method is to use a person's authentic name, address, and
4596:
2966:
2791:"List of Facebook Users by Country Wise Top ranking 2016 - Tech Unblocked"
1878:
1616: – Organization of American States that are devoted to civil identity
1431:
The average time spent by victims resolving the problem is about 330 hours
4751:
4458:
4428:
4349:
4293:
4245:
4220:
4202:
4138:
4103:
4074:
4056:
4051:
4034:
3997:
3977:
3633:
2853:
1729:
Identity Theft, Trust Breaches, and the Production of Economic Insecurity
1550:
1532:
1499:
1223:
1111:
817:
403:
375:
277:
3775:
Scam on the Run - Fugitive Identity Thief Led Global Criminal Enterprise
3577:"Free help, tips and advice on avoiding and dealing with Identity Theft"
2948:"Prepared Statement of the Federal Trade Commission on "Identity Theft""
2766:
2327:"In Focus Resource Center from Citrin Cooperman | Ideas That Count"
366:
Identity theft may be used to facilitate or fund other crimes including
325:
said that about 15 million Americans had their identity stolen in 2012.
5119:
5044:
4990:
4558:
4400:
4366:
4334:
4303:
4250:
4225:
4173:
4153:
4148:
4128:
4098:
4061:
4046:
3957:
3922:
3212:
1685:
1479:, also known as Hacking – Type of crime based in computer networks
1115:
630:
618:
614:
523:, found that of 40,000 children, 10.2% were victims of identity theft.
424:
457:
A variation of identity theft that has recently become more common is
255:, without their permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. The term
4463:
4288:
4158:
4017:
3851:
3711:
Identity Theft: A Research Review, National Institute of Justice 2007
3696:
2578:, Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate 20 May 1998 pp 5,6
2487:
2352:
2112:
1284:
1123:
604:
3540:, Australasian Center for Policing Research. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2989:
2486:
United States; Congress; House; Committee on Ways and Means (2018).
1424:
The 2003 survey from the Identity Theft Resource Center found that:
3554:
997:(federal legislation) covers only federal government, agencies and
5633:
4906:
4643:
4188:
4133:
4083:
3814:
2268:
1868:
Federal Trade Commission – 2006 Identity Theft Survey Report, p. 4
1553: – Unsolicited electronic messages, especially advertisements
1242:
1215:
1192:
484:
230:
4611:
3782:
3680:
3487:
2869:"UK Fraud Prevention Agency Say ID Theft Increase of 32% in 2009"
2675:"Airlines and governments not checking stolen passports register"
709:
In their May 1998 testimony before the United States Senate, the
5572:
5022:
5000:
4513:
4240:
2967:
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft.
2015:
1103:
Social networking sites are one of the most famous spreaders of
1091:
1071:
which enforces the law and advises on the use of personal data.
1022:
760:
The failure of corporate or government organizations to protect
5092:
4615:
3786:
2398:"Social Security Numbers Can Be Guessed From Data, Study Finds"
1283:(c). Punishment can be up to 5, 15, 20, or 30 years in federal
1110:
The Philippines, which ranks eighth in the numbers of users of
3777:
1886:
Highlights of GAO-07-737, a report to congressional requesters
1383:
1079:
Under the Information Technology Act 2000 Chapter IX Sec 66C:
826:
607:
to acquire banking information, including account numbers and
149:
88:
47:
3757:"Woman Gets Prison Time in 'Total Identity Theft' - ABC News"
2914:"Fraudscape: report reveals the UK's fraud landscape in 2010"
1372:
Many states followed California's lead and enacted mandatory
309:. As Gunter Ollmann, Chief Technology Officer of security at
165:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2510:
Gašper, Jordan; Robert, Leskovar; Miha, Marič (1 May 2018).
816:, which went missing on 8 March 2014. It came to light that
584:
Techniques for obtaining and exploiting personal information
3026:
PhysiciansPractice.com, 21 May 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
2833:"Seward, R. v [2005] EWCA Crim 1941 (11 July 2005)"
1574: – Crime involving the trafficking of credit card data
1467: – Process of verifying ownership of a website account
1163:
it, and then using the credit card has become more common.
5088:
3686:
406:
or other individuals and those who simply want to become "
3083:"Federal Trade Commission – Identity Theft Survey Report"
2469:"Identity-Theft Protection: What Services Can You Trust?"
1699: – American security consultant and former fraudster
1203:
In the United Kingdom, personal data is protected by the
1234:
increasingly contend with identity theft situations. In
2629:
Holt, Thomas J.; Smirnova, Olga; Chua, Yi-Ting (2016).
1909:"Do Data Breach Disclosure Laws Reduce Identity Theft?"
1580: – Criminal acts involving unlawful use of cheques
1528:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1504:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
174:
3059:"Law Enforcement Contact1 January 1 December 31, 2001"
2937:, Public Law 105-318, 112 Stat. 3007 (30 October 1998)
2207:"Government Turns Spotlight on Child ID Theft Problem"
1711: – Soviet engineer and mathematician (1897–1942)
2353:"If Microsoft co-founder's ID isn't safe, is yours?"
1594:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1546:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1537:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1513:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1287:, plus fines, depending on the underlying crime per
1069:
Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data
874:; and b) the other person is a Commonwealth entity.
5586:
5515:
5415:
5379:
5266:
5162:
5126:
4956:
4920:
4823:
4797:
4650:
4548:
4448:
4415:
4364:
4318:
4212:
4072:
3906:
3834:
3620:"Hi-tech crime and sexual partner surveys 'biased'"
3335:"Frequently Asked Question Regarding 201 CMR 17.00"
439:hearing to be cleared of the charges. Obtaining an
5568:International Association of Privacy Professionals
3156:"Identity Theft Reported by Households, 2005-2010"
2673:
1526: – Type of intellectual property infringement
1502: – List of people acting under false identity
3053:
3051:
1688: – American consumer credit reporting agency
1011:Bill C-27 (39th Canadian Parliament, 2nd Session)
5533:Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
2191:. Identity Theft Resource Center. Archived from
734:agents and people with access to call recordings
402:hiding their illegal status, people hiding from
382:. There are cases of identity cloning to attack
346:sub-divide identity theft into five categories:
3410:"ALERT: Beware of Phishing Scam Mentioning TAS"
2606:Internet Identity Theft - A Tragedy for Victims
1081:
1039:
981:
966:
863:
2189:"Correcting Misinformation on Medical Records"
1980:"'Credit card theft? There's an app for that'"
588:Identity thieves typically obtain and exploit
563:One of the major identity theft categories is
386:, including online credit card processing and
5104:
4627:
3798:
2617:Software and Information Industry Association
2386:, Douglas County Sheriff's Office, Washington
2163:"The Medical Identity Theft Information Page"
2064:"In Re Colokathis | 417 B.R. 150 (2009)"
1705: – American computer hacker and criminal
1129:This phenomenon leads to the creation of the
652:Identity theft can be partially mitigated by
163:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3687:The President's Task Force on Identity Theft
2809:"SFS 2016:485 Lag om ändring i brottsbalken"
2138:"Get to Know These Common Types of ID Theft"
1943:Giles, Jim (2010). "Cyber crime made easy".
857:which amended certain provisions within the
2473:PC World.com, retrieved on 16 December 2008
1641: – U.S. federal law enforcement agency
1623: – U.S. federal law enforcement agency
1114:and other social networking sites (such as
838:exploitation by criminals and terrorists."
829:) reported that Interpol Secretary-General
410:" for personal reasons. Another example is
82:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5111:
5097:
5089:
4634:
4620:
4612:
3805:
3791:
3783:
3209:"California Office of Identity Protection"
1491: – Access control by authenticated ID
3293:. In.gov. 6 December 2013. Archived from
3179:Harrell, Erika and Lynn Langton. (2013).
2884:, Identity Theft UK Blog, 3 February 2010
2277:
2267:
1755:. Oxford University Press. September 2007
1660:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
1629: – US federal law enforcement agency
657:processing personal identifiers (such as
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Deliberate use of someone else's identity
3531:Identity Crime Research and Coordination
2711:"Identity crime and misuse in Australia"
2016:"Identity Theft Resource Center website"
1627:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1338:In Massachusetts in 2009–2010, Governor
887:
3651:Florencio, D.; Herley, C. (June 2011).
3318:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 2010
3291:"Attorney General: ID Theft Prevention"
1814:"My Three Years in Identity Theft Hell"
1744:
1692:2007 UK child benefit data misplacement
1633:United States Postal Inspection Service
3234:"DATCP Home Identity Theft Protection"
2539:
2537:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2481:
2479:
2321:
2319:
1635: – Federal law enforcement agency
1614:Civil Identity Program of the Americas
5548:Electronic Privacy Information Center
3683:FTC steps for identity theft victims.
3445:"States Offer Data Breach Protection"
2903:, Protect MY ID Blog, 21 January 2011
2760:"The Information Technology Act 2000"
2705:
2703:
2701:
2230:
2228:
2165:. World Privacy Forum. Archived from
1601: – Fake IDs and their production
853:At the Commonwealth level, under the
295:U.S. Government Accountability Office
7:
3513:"Verbal Testimony by Michelle Brown"
3161:. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2011
2443:"Identity Theft Protection Services"
2087:"Detecting synthetic identity fraud"
1812:Drew Armstrong (13 September 2017).
1166:Legally, Sweden is an open society.
705:Identity protection by organizations
5528:Center for Democracy and Technology
3720:United States Department of Justice
3412:. Taxpayer Advocate. Archived from
3271:from the original on 4 October 2013
1520: – Branch of computer security
1255:Identity theft in the United States
590:personally identifiable information
431:performed for employment purposes.
3653:"Sex, Lies and Cybercrime Surveys"
3463:"Sex, Lies and Cybercrime Surveys"
3355:"Taxpayer Guide to Identity Theft"
2302:"What is Financial Identity Theft"
1753:"Oxford English Dictionary online"
1679:Notable identity thieves and cases
25:
3755:Roxana, Hegeman (25 March 2013).
3121:. 1 November 2007. Archived from
3045:(PDF). Retrieved 29 January 2008.
1544: – American security analyst
1318:U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics
1131:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
1065:Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance
63:This article has multiple issues.
5667:
5666:
5134:Right of access to personal data
5073:
5072:
4406:Perverting the course of justice
3889:
3880:
3828:. Not all types are listed here.
3181:Victims of Identity Theft, 2012.
2085:McFadden, Leslie (16 May 2007).
1673: – U.S. federal legislation
1388:
930:$ 4,412 per unrecorded incident
872:causing a loss to another person
491:Government Accountability Office
394:Identity cloning and concealment
154:
93:
52:
4144:Intellectual property violation
3738:. 23 April 2007. Archived from
2686:from the original on 2022-01-12
2589:"A Chronology of Data Breaches"
2003:Victims of Identity Theft, 2012
1918:. heinz.cmu.edu. Archived from
1621:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1568: – Form of financial crime
932:$ 27,981 per recorded incident
71:or discuss these issues on the
5543:Electronic Frontier Foundation
5523:American Civil Liberties Union
5477:Privacy-enhancing technologies
3599:"Identity Theft Over-Reported"
2978:Congressional Research Service
2351:Loviglio, Joann (March 2012).
2045:"Privacy Rights Clearinghouse"
1168:The Principle of Public Access
1086:PUNISHMENT FOR IDENTITY THEFT
730:credit card numbers stolen by
691:Identity Theft Resource Center
663:national identification number
625:Individual identity protection
471:impacts their credit ratings.
344:Identity Theft Resource Center
115:Odd wording/grammar in places.
1:
3390:. US Internal Revenue Service
3361:. US Internal Revenue Service
2458:retrieved on 16 December 2008
2256:JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
1957:10.1016/s0262-4079(10)60647-1
1374:data breach notification laws
283:Determining the link between
3681:Identity Theft Recovery Plan
3196:Bureau of Justice Statistics
2396:Olmos, David (6 July 2009).
1951:(2752). Elsevier BV: 20–21.
1733:American Sociological Review
1727:Brensinger, Jordan (2023). "
1686:2017 Equifax security breach
1639:United States Secret Service
1473: – Psychiatric disorder
814:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
5268:Data protection authorities
2992:. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2400:. Bloomberg. Archived from
2235:Clemente, Jean (Feb 2010).
1849:Wisconsin State Legislature
1820:. Bloomberg. Archived from
958:Under section 402.2 of the
724:failure to ensure adequate
643:US Federal Trade Commission
335:Levels of identity security
177:, discuss the issue on the
113:. The specific problem is:
5734:
5472:Social networking services
4169:Possessing stolen property
3725:Dateline NBC investigation
3706:Carnegie Mellon University
3259:"Indiana General Assembly"
3192:U.S. Department of Justice
2654:Rossi, Ben (8 July 2015).
1916:Heinz First Research Paper
1298:The Act also provides the
1270:U.S. Code Title 18, § 1028
1252:
565:tax-related identity theft
556:
478:
332:
299:Carnegie Mellon University
40:
29:
5662:
5563:Global Network Initiative
5507:Virtual assistant privacy
5487:Privacy-invasive software
5063:
4583:
3878:
3821:
3634:"Measuring the black web"
3555:"What is Identity theft?"
3468:. Microsoft. 15 June 2011
3316:"Consumer Identity Theft"
2619:. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2117:www.worldprivacyforum.org
1671:Fair Credit Reporting Act
1599:Identity document forgery
1590:Ghosting (identity theft)
1509:Internet fraud prevention
1397:This section needs to be
1264:, lines-of-credit fraud,
1057:imprisonment for 14 years
973:Under section 403 of the
34:. For the 2013 film, see
5713:Organized crime activity
4268:(such as prohibition of
3736:US Department of Justice
3716:Identity Theft and Fraud
3676:Federal Trade Commission
3536:30 December 2005 at the
3186:7 September 2016 at the
3119:Federal Trade Commission
3090:Federal Trade Commission
3041:17 February 2013 at the
3011:"Getting Red Flag Ready"
2990:Federal Trade Commission
2965:Doyle, Charles. (2013).
1662: – U.S. federal law
1559:Types of fraud and theft
1354:Identity Theft Affidavit
1300:Federal Trade Commission
1205:Data Protection Act 1998
1033:Under HK Laws. Chap 210
879:Imprisonment for 5 years
866:135.1 General dishonesty
711:Federal Trade Commission
679:credit report monitoring
580:for filing tax returns.
545:Financial identity theft
528:Federal Trade Commission
459:synthetic identity theft
453:Synthetic identity theft
5558:Future of Privacy Forum
5553:European Digital Rights
3322:5 November 2011 at the
2996:31 January 2006 at the
2972:11 October 2016 at the
2331:www.citrincooperman.com
1666:Fair Credit Billing Act
1586: – Fraud technique
1489:Identity-based security
1241:Statistics released by
825:(which is based in the
775:Using various types of
418:Criminal identity theft
41:For the 1953 film, see
5599:Cellphone surveillance
5516:Advocacy organizations
5139:Expectation of privacy
4386:Miscarriage of justice
3727:'To Catch an ID Thief'
3340:11 August 2011 at the
2854:"CIFAS: your identity"
2633:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1780:9 October 2015 at the
1483:Criminal impersonation
1188:
1096:
1061:
991:
971:
927:Police recorded fraud
883:
859:Criminal Code Act 1995
766:client confidentiality
659:Social Security number
647:Canadian Phone Busters
575:The 14039 Form to the
572:trouble with the IRS.
569:Social Security Number
497:
475:Medical identity theft
463:social security number
237:
5578:Privacy International
5149:Right to be forgotten
4707:Intellectual property
4381:Malfeasance in office
3824:Note: Crimes vary by
3557:. identitytheft.co.uk
3519:on 21 September 2012.
3451:on 13 September 2012.
3125:on 11 September 2008.
3071:on 11 September 2008.
2611:22 April 2011 at the
2428:17 April 2016 at the
2113:"World Privacy Forum"
2051:on 21 September 2012.
2034:, World Privacy Forum
1351:fill out Form 14039,
1323:At least two states,
1050:benefit to any person
779:information, such as
667:mnemonic Major System
488:
362:Child identity theft.
333:Further information:
274:electronic signatures
249:identity infringement
234:
32:Identity Theft (film)
4474:Cybersex trafficking
4236:Censorship violation
3742:on 11 September 2007
3622:. BBC. 10 June 2011.
3581:bestidprotection.com
2739:www.journaldunet.com
2018:. idtheftcenter.org.
1824:on 19 September 2017
1485: – Criminal act
1465:Account verification
1005:Proposed legislation
514:Child identity theft
339:Sources such as the
183:create a new article
175:improve this article
120:improve this article
109:to meet Knowledge's
5614:Global surveillance
5482:Privacy engineering
5467:Personal identifier
5417:Information privacy
5154:Post-mortem privacy
4266:Illegal consumption
3938:Criminal negligence
3416:on 18 December 2014
3036:72 Fed. Reg. 70944
2680:The Daily Telegraph
2195:on 23 January 2013.
1773:Synthetic ID Theft
1230:offences under the
905:Commonwealth fraud
890:
701:accounts or loans.
368:illegal immigration
5708:Identity documents
5654:Personality rights
5055:White-collar crime
4921:Government-related
4469:Child sexual abuse
4434:Wildlife smuggling
4424:Cruelty to animals
4213:Against the public
4042:Negligent homicide
3953:False imprisonment
3908:Against the person
3640:. 15 October 2011.
3583:. 9 February 2022.
3297:on 11 January 2014
2976:Washington, D.C.:
2549:Credit Union Times
1214:(which extends to
1152:identity documents
1037:, sec. 16A Fraud:
999:crown corporations
900:Total direct cost
897:Cost per incident
888:
795:but also in other
685:Potential outcomes
553:Tax identity theft
539:Digital kidnapping
498:
400:illegal immigrants
307:malicious software
253:credit card number
238:
5718:Security breaches
5680:
5679:
5624:Mass surveillance
5086:
5085:
4824:Financial-related
4609:
4608:
4592:Wikimedia Commons
4550:Inchoate offenses
4494:Indecent exposure
3983:Human trafficking
3948:Domestic violence
3190:Washington, D.C.
2954:on 1 August 2012.
2935:on 1 August 2012.
2797:on 10 March 2016.
2640:978-1-137-58904-0
2576:on 1 August 2012.
2423:IDtheftcenter.org
2304:. ID Theft Center
2213:. 12 January 2016
1907:Sasha Romanosky.
1775:Cyber Space Times
1518:Internet security
1452:national ID cards
1418:
1417:
1380:Spread and impact
1316:According to the
1266:credit card fraud
1043:intent to defraud
940:
939:
770:political privacy
429:background checks
388:medical insurance
319:homeland security
229:
228:
221:
211:
210:
203:
185:, as appropriate.
148:
147:
140:
111:quality standards
102:This article may
86:
16:(Redirected from
5725:
5670:
5669:
5538:Data Privacy Lab
5497:Privacy software
5144:Right to privacy
5113:
5106:
5099:
5090:
5076:
5075:
4651:Business-related
4636:
4629:
4622:
4613:
4256:Ethnic cleansing
4194:Trespass to land
4089:Arms trafficking
3899:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3784:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3674:– United States
3660:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3547:
3541:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3515:. Archived from
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3447:. Archived from
3441:
3435:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3385:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3332:
3326:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3211:. Archived from
3205:
3199:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3143:on 31 July 2012.
3139:. Archived from
3133:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3092:. September 2002
3087:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3064:. Archived from
3063:
3055:
3046:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3013:. Archived from
3006:
3000:
2987:
2981:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2950:. Archived from
2944:
2938:
2936:
2931:. Archived from
2925:
2919:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2897:. Archived from
2891:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2871:. Archived from
2865:
2859:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2813:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2793:. Archived from
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2765:. Archived from
2764:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2677:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2626:
2620:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:on 13 June 2010.
2591:. Archived from
2585:
2579:
2577:
2572:. Archived from
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2445:. Archived from
2439:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2373:. Archived from
2371:"Identity Theft"
2367:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2169:on 16 April 2013
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2074:on 19 July 2015.
2070:. Archived from
2060:
2054:
2052:
2047:. Archived from
2041:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1784:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1749:
1715:Charles Stopford
1595:
1547:
1542:Robert Siciliano
1538:
1529:
1514:
1505:
1471:Capgras delusion
1450:introduction of
1413:
1410:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1220:Northern Ireland
936:$ 3,260,141,049
891:
833:told a forum in
823:Big News Network
762:consumer privacy
726:network security
605:cheques (checks)
446:data aggregators
276:, fingerprints,
224:
217:
206:
199:
195:
192:
186:
158:
157:
150:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
97:
96:
89:
78:
56:
55:
48:
21:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5698:1964 neologisms
5683:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5658:
5582:
5511:
5411:
5375:
5262:
5256:amended in 2020
5158:
5122:
5117:
5087:
5082:
5059:
5016:honest services
4952:
4916:
4819:
4793:
4646:
4640:
4610:
4605:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4524:Sex trafficking
4450:Sexual offenses
4444:
4443:
4442:
4416:Against animals
4411:
4410:
4409:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4124:False pretenses
4068:
4067:
4066:
4030:Preterintention
3902:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3876:
3830:
3817:
3811:
3765:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3730:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3553:(26 May 2004).
3549:
3548:
3544:
3538:Wayback Machine
3529:
3525:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3342:Wayback Machine
3333:
3329:
3324:Wayback Machine
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3188:Wayback Machine
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3043:Wayback Machine
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2998:Wayback Machine
2988:
2984:
2974:Wayback Machine
2964:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2901:on 8 July 2012.
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2660:Information Age
2653:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:Wayback Machine
2604:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2430:Wayback Machine
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2404:on 17 June 2013
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2211:CreditCards.com
2205:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1782:Wayback Machine
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1724:
1722:Further reading
1719:
1709:Yuri Kondratyuk
1703:Albert Gonzalez
1681:
1676:
1649:
1644:
1609:
1604:
1593:
1572:Carding (fraud)
1561:
1556:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1512:
1503:
1460:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1362:cloud computing
1257:
1251:
1201:
1148:
1101:
1077:
1035:Theft Ordinance
1031:
1019:
1007:
956:
916:Personal fraud
894:Fraud category
844:
831:Ronald K. Noble
810:
805:
803:Legal responses
793:darknet markets
789:
707:
687:
635:phishing attack
627:
586:
561:
555:
547:
516:
503:medical records
483:
481:Medical privacy
477:
455:
436:criminal record
420:
396:
384:payment systems
337:
331:
245:identity piracy
225:
214:
213:
212:
207:
196:
190:
187:
172:
159:
155:
144:
133:
127:
124:
117:
98:
94:
57:
53:
46:
43:Stolen Identity
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5731:
5729:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5693:Identity theft
5685:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Search warrant
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5619:Identity theft
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5492:Privacy policy
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5371:United Kingdom
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5286:European Union
5283:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5244:
5242:United Kingdom
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5202:European Union
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4974:Counterfeiting
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4798:Family-related
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:Pharmaceutical
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4616:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4534:Sexual slavery
4531:
4529:Sexual assault
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:Hostage-taking
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3772:
3752:
3728:
3722:
3713:
3708:
3702:Identity Theft
3699:
3693:Identity theft
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:Identity theft
3667:
3666:External links
3664:
3662:
3661:
3643:
3625:
3611:
3595:Bruce Schneier
3586:
3568:
3542:
3523:
3504:
3479:
3454:
3436:
3427:
3401:
3372:
3346:
3327:
3308:
3282:
3250:
3225:
3200:
3172:
3147:
3128:
3103:
3074:
3047:
3028:
3008:Michael, Sara
3001:
2982:
2958:
2939:
2920:
2905:
2886:
2860:
2845:
2824:
2800:
2782:
2751:
2726:
2697:
2665:
2646:
2639:
2621:
2598:
2580:
2561:
2533:
2495:
2475:
2460:
2434:
2415:
2388:
2362:
2343:
2315:
2293:
2242:
2224:
2198:
2180:
2154:
2129:
2104:
2093:. pp. 1–2
2077:
2055:
2036:
2021:
2007:
1995:
1970:
1935:
1899:
1870:
1861:
1835:
1804:
1785:
1766:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1697:Frank Abagnale
1694:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1648:
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1630:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1495:Identity score
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1409:September 2023
1396:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1366:
1289:18 U.S.C.
1277:18 U.S.C.
1262:mortgage fraud
1250:
1247:
1232:Theft Act 1968
1200:
1199:United Kingdom
1197:
1147:
1144:
1100:
1097:
1090:to rupees one
1076:
1073:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1003:
955:
952:
938:
937:
934:
928:
924:
923:
922:$ 656,550,506
920:
917:
913:
912:
911:$ 353,866,740
909:
906:
902:
901:
898:
895:
843:
840:
809:
806:
804:
801:
788:
785:
758:
757:
745:
742:
735:
728:
722:
706:
703:
686:
683:
626:
623:
622:
621:
611:
601:
598:public records
585:
582:
554:
551:
546:
543:
515:
512:
495:Medicare cards
476:
473:
454:
451:
419:
416:
395:
392:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
330:
327:
290:Identity fraud
257:identity theft
241:Identity theft
227:
226:
209:
208:
169:of the subject
167:worldwide view
162:
160:
153:
146:
145:
128:September 2018
101:
99:
92:
87:
61:
60:
58:
51:
36:Identity Thief
26:
24:
18:Identity thief
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5730:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:Eavesdropping
5607:
5605:
5604:Data security
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5576:
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5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Secret ballot
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:Personal data
5460:
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5443:
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5312:
5309:
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5299:
5297:
5294:
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5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5247:United States
5245:
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5233:
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5137:
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5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5011:Mail and wire
5009:
5007:
5006:Impersonation
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:Fraud factory
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
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4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:Shill bidding
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
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4868:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
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4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Telemarketing
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:Ghost network
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:Impersonation
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4637:
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4603:
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4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4484:Homosexuality
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Miscegenation
4282:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Pickpocketing
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Home invasion
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:Assassination
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3658:. Proc. WEIS.
3654:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3638:The Economist
3635:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3389:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3215:on 2012-08-05
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3067:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3017:on 2012-09-11
3016:
3012:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2956:, 20 May 1998
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2875:on 2012-07-01
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2772:on 2013-07-24
2768:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2449:on 2012-09-07
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2377:on 2012-07-28
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2269:10.2196/54414
2265:
2262:(1): e54414.
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
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2181:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2118:
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2105:
2092:
2088:
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2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1985:
1984:New Scientist
1981:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:New Scientist
1939:
1936:
1925:on 2012-01-20
1921:
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1903:
1900:
1887:
1880:
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1871:
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1836:
1823:
1819:
1818:Bloomberg.com
1815:
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1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:201 CMR 17.00
1652:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:Organizations
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:Check washing
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1524:Lapsed lurker
1522:
1519:
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1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
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1484:
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1377:
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1363:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1340:Deval Patrick
1336:
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1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
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1256:
1249:United States
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1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Criminal Code
1178:
1177:type of fraud
1172:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:communication
1132:
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1038:
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1016:
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1008:
1004:
1002:
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5356:Switzerland
5341:South Korea
5331:Philippines
5321:Netherlands
5316:Isle of Man
5237:Switzerland
5217:New Zealand
4986:Faked death
4979:Superdollar
4957:Other types
4897:Overpayment
4863:Credit card
4831:Advance-fee
4737:Health care
4479:Fornication
4396:Obstruction
4376:Compounding
4184:Tax evasion
3933:Child abuse
3847:Misdemeanor
3551:Home Office
3497:25 December
3488:"Home Page"
3420:18 December
3388:IRS website
3243:25 December
2838:25 December
2817:25 December
2744:25 December
2336:25 December
2173:26 November
2122:25 December
1842:See, e.g.,
1293:§ 1028
1281:§ 1028
1218:but not to
1212:English law
1099:Philippines
995:Privacy Act
993:In Canada,
947:Privacy Act
754:data mining
732:call center
639:letterboxes
559:Tax evasion
521:AllClear ID
441:expungement
191:August 2020
122:if you can.
5687:Categories
5629:Panopticon
5252:California
5127:Principles
5040:Scientific
4902:Securities
4887:Mismarking
4853:Chargeback
4848:Bankruptcy
4687:Employment
4668:Disability
4587:WikiSource
4569:Incitement
4564:Conspiracy
4439:Bestiality
4391:Misprision
4355:Subversion
4309:War crimes
4304:Usurpation
4231:Corruption
4109:Cybercrime
3993:Kidnapping
3973:Hate crime
3963:Harassment
3943:Defamation
3897:Law portal
3872:Corruption
3862:Indictable
3842:Infraction
3301:24 January
3219:2009-01-08
3021:2009-07-02
2879:2010-02-03
2776:2013-08-20
2719:8 February
2554:18 October
2453:2008-12-16
2381:2009-08-02
2308:3 December
1989:2021-03-19
1929:2009-05-27
1740:References
1566:Bank fraud
1477:Cybercrime
1325:California
1253:See also:
1236:R v Seward
1139:multimedia
739:encryption
609:bank codes
557:See also:
479:See also:
341:Non-profit
236:duplicate.
68:improve it
5594:Anonymity
5430:Financial
5407:Workplace
5397:Education
5306:Indonesia
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5232:Sri Lanka
5227:Singapore
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4805:Fertility
4742:fertility
4722:Long firm
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4597:Wikiquote
4539:Voyeurism
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4199:Vandalism
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4094:Blackmail
4007:corporate
3813:Types of
3275:3 October
3137:"FTC.gov"
3096:5 January
2929:"FTC.gov"
2528:1581-1832
2408:4 January
1965:0262-4079
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1444:Australia
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848:Australia
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835:Abu Dhabi
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756:services.
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380:espionage
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278:passwords
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5435:Internet
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4752:quackery
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4350:Sedition
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4246:Genocide
4221:Apostasy
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4139:Gambling
4104:Burglary
4075:property
4073:Against
4057:Stabbing
4052:Stalking
4035:Homicide
3998:Menacing
3978:Homicide
3766:27 March
3761:ABC News
3746:24 April
3534:Archived
3472:11 March
3338:Archived
3320:Archived
3266:Archived
3184:Archived
3039:Archived
2994:Archived
2970:Archived
2684:Archived
2609:Archived
2426:Archived
2357:NBC News
2288:38381499
2279:10918551
2217:22 April
1778:Archived
1551:Spamming
1533:Pharming
1500:Impostor
1458:See also
1224:Scotland
1161:skimming
1120:Multiply
1112:Facebook
1025:75,000.
908:$ 2,111
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265:identity
173:You may
104:require
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5281:Denmark
5207:Germany
5197:England
5192:Denmark
5120:Privacy
5045:Spyware
5028:Romance
4991:Forgery
4969:Charity
4948:Welfare
4928:Benefit
4882:Lottery
4867:carding
4658:Billing
4559:Attempt
4401:Perjury
4367:justice
4335:Treason
4278:smoking
4274:alcohol
4241:Dueling
4226:Begging
4174:Robbery
4154:Looting
4149:Larceny
4129:Forgery
4099:Bribery
4062:Torture
4047:Robbery
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3958:Frameup
3928:Battery
3923:Assault
3857:Summary
3835:Classes
3604:30 June
3394:29 June
3365:29 June
3359:IRS.gov
3165:24 June
2918:, CIFAS
2858:, CIFAS
1854:19 July
1399:updated
1226:), the
1185:Swedish
1179:in the
1116:Twitter
1048:(a) in
631:privacy
619:MySpace
615:Twitter
425:fake ID
106:cleanup
5445:Google
5366:Turkey
5351:Sweden
5336:Poland
5326:Norway
5291:France
5222:Russia
5182:Canada
5177:Brazil
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4697:Fixing
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4464:Bigamy
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5187:China
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4682:Email
4644:fraud
4321:state
4270:drugs
4189:Theft
4134:Fraud
4084:Arson
3815:crime
3656:(PDF)
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1243:CIFAS
1216:Wales
1193:libel
1075:India
507:HIPAA
329:Types
181:, or
5573:NOYB
5068:list
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5001:Hoax
4943:Visa
4865:and
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4692:Food
4673:Drug
4514:Rape
3768:2013
3748:2007
3606:2006
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3474:2015
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3367:2012
3303:2014
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2840:2023
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2721:2018
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2556:2018
2524:ISSN
2410:2011
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2310:2014
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2219:2019
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1961:ISSN
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1795:SSRN
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