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288:, with a conical side and a flat base, which is an adhesion zone to algal cells. This appearance makes an impression of a flying saucer. It measures about 15 μm long and 8 μm broad. It contains a single nucleus and a basal body. The nucleus is about 4 μm in diameter. The cell membrane is covered with scales and is highly flexible. The external scales are boat shaped, each measuring 150 nm long and 70 nm wide.
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200:. Described by Sebastian Hess and Alastair G. B. Simpson in 2019, the scientific name means distinct or peculiar swimmer. Named because of its unique locomotion by creating a water vortex with its flying saucer-like body, it was also dubbed UFO (for unidentified flagellate organism). It is the only known
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amoeboid cell (left) and flagellate (right). (B) An amoeboid cell with leptopodia, nucleus, and food inclusions. (C) Time series of locomoting amoeba. (D) Three amoebae showing the distribution of F-actin (phalloidin) in leptopodia (arrowheads) and adhesion zones (dashed circles). Scale bars: 5
303:
The protist can exist in two different forms: flagellate and amoeboid. It is the only known species of cutosean amoebas having both forms, as all other cutoseans are non-flagellated. As a flagellate, it projects out a single flagellum of about 30 μm long from the basal body and lives as a free
319:
is a parasitoid organism spending some of its lifetime as a parasite of algae and some as a free-swimming flagellate. The flagellate actively swims in water looking for green algae to attack upon. Once it comes in contact with the algal cell surface, it dissolves the algal
234:
which appeared to contain additional cells inside their filaments. After few days he saw that the hidden cells came out of the algae and swim in the water, and then invade fresh algae. As an unknown amoeba, they nicknamed it UFO (for an "unidentified flagellate organism").
299:(A) Whole cell showing with several pseudopodia that project leptopodia. (B) Two leptopodia from one pseudopodium. (C) Ultrathin sections through leptopodia. (D) Adhesion zone. (E and F) Cross sections through the scaly cell coat. (G and H) Boat-like scaly cell coat.
242:, Nova Scotia, Canada. With the help of his Dalhousie colleagues Laura Eme, Andrew J. Roger and Alastair G. B. Simpson, he was abled to genetically find out that the organism was a type of amoeba. Specifically, the unusual cells were
340:. When the food source is depleted and feeding stopped, each daughter cell produces a flagellum from its flagellar pit. The flagellates escape into water and start swimming to restart another cycle of development.
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that swim with peculiar motion, they rotate perpendicular to the direction of movement unlike other eukaryotic flagellates and looked like tiny flying saucers. In 2019, the team made the formal description in
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as protrusions of the cell membrane to form needle-like processes called leptopodia. The leptopodia can be as long as 8 μm. In this condition, it lives as parasite inside algal cell.
820:
529:"The Sphagnum Ponds of Simmelried in Germany: A Biodiversity Hot-Spot for Microscopic Organisms. Protozoological Monographs, by M. Kreutz & W. Foissner"
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swimmer in water. Although it is a flagellate, it is genetically more closely related to non-flagellated amoebas. In an amoeboid form, it can give off many
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592:
230:. In 2010, Hess collected unusual microbes which were unknown at the time. As he observed the water samples under a microscope, he saw
712:"Experimental evidence for enzymatic cell wall dissolution in a microbial protoplast feeder (Orciraptor agilis, Viridiraptoridae)"
332:, it turns into bright green colour. It produces leptopodia from its pseudopodia for movement inside the alga. It then divides by
324:
and penetrates into the algal cytoplasm. As a type of the so-called phagotrophic protoplast feeders, it start feeding (by
876:
618:"The amoebae of Idionectes vortex (Cutosea, Amoebozoa): Motility, cytoskeleton architecture and extracellular scales"
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665:"Description of Armaparvus languidus n. gen. n. sp. Confirms Ultrastructural Unity of Cutosea (Amoebozoa, Evosea)"
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ponds of the
Simmelried in Allensbach, Konstanz, Germany. The location has been recognised as a microbial
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Sebastian Hess, a zoology student at the
University of Cologne, had been studying microbes from the
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328:) on the cytoplasmic contents of the alga and loses its flagellum. As it ingest the algal
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is a unicellular protist that lives in water. Its main cell body is rounded like a blob,
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Hess, Sebastian; Eme, Laura; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2019-06-10).
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568:"Watch: Recent microbial discoveries are changing our view of life on Earth"
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Hess continued to study the UFOs during his postdoctoral research at
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372:"A natural toroidal microswimmer with a rotary eukaryotic flagellum"
593:"What the weird world of protists can teach us about life on Earth"
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Moye, Jannika; Schenk, Tobias; Hess, Sebastian (2022-12-05).
795:
423:"Tiny flying saucers are actually odd new microbes"
260:, meaning distinct or peculiar swimmer in vortex.
663:Schuler, Gabriel A.; Brown, Matthew W. (2019).
8:
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508:Research Communities by Springer Nature
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208:, which is the usual characteristic of
669:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
622:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
190:, Konstanz, Germany. It contains only
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533:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
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545:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00137.x
504:"A new microbial swimming style"
616:Hess, Sebastian (2021-08-26).
502:Hess, Sebastian (2019-06-14).
1:
527:Lynn, Denis H. (2006-10-17).
256:and gave the scientific name
591:Milius, Susan (2024-04-11).
566:Milius, Susan (2023-10-06).
893:
867:Protists described in 2019
729:10.1186/s12915-022-01478-x
448:10.1038/d41586-019-01827-x
170:(Hess & Simpson, 2019)
433:(7761): 279. 2019-06-12.
388:10.1038/s41564-019-0478-6
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62:Scientific classification
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471:"Like a swimming donut"
204:cell having a rotating
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597:Science News Explores
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286:radially symmetrical
240:Dalhousie University
228:biodiversity hotspot
877:Parasitic amoebozoa
773:Taxonomy on ZooBank
439:2019Natur.570R.279.
376:Nature Microbiology
253:Nature Microbiology
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297:Idionectes vortex.
295:Ultrastructure of
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797:Idionectes vortex
789:Taxon identifiers
681:10.1111/jeu.12640
634:10.1111/jeu.12869
382:(10): 1620–1626.
274:Idionectes vortex
258:Idionectes vortex
247:amoeboflagellates
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163:Idionectes vortex
54:Idionectes vortex
37:Idionectes vortex
27:Species of amoeba
16:(Redirected from
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120:Idionectidae
80:(unranked):
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18:Idionectidae
872:Flagellates
716:BMC Biology
572:ScienceNews
306:pseudopodia
232:green algae
210:prokaryotes
192:one species
92:Subphylum:
856:Categories
812:Q109927152
722:(1): 267.
602:2024-06-27
577:2024-06-26
539:(6): 543.
513:2024-06-26
481:2024-06-25
344:References
317:Idionectes
312:Life cycle
282:Idionectes
244:parasitoid
202:eukaryotic
188:Allensbach
179:Idionectes
131:Idionectes
738:1741-7007
689:1550-7408
642:1550-7408
553:1066-5234
457:0028-0836
396:2058-5276
322:cell wall
264:Structure
216:Discovery
206:flagellum
197:I. vortex
138:Species:
85:Amoebozoa
73:Eukaryota
806:Wikidata
756:36464670
697:29858563
650:34435411
404:31182800
223:Sphagnum
116:Family:
68:Domain:
834:ZooBank
826:2562733
747:9721047
435:Bibcode
334:mitosis
330:plastid
126:Genus:
109:Cutosea
104:Class:
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427:Nature
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184:amoeba
97:Conosa
821:NCBI
752:PMID
734:ISSN
693:PMID
685:ISSN
646:PMID
638:ISSN
549:ISSN
453:ISSN
400:PMID
392:ISSN
272:(A)
742:PMC
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