757:. After consulting with the government People's Lawyer and confirming that a license was not necessary, they aired a test broadcast with music. The government ordered that it cease operations shortly after, and the police opened an investigation for broadcasting without a license and for constructing a radio antennae without authorisation. The government refused them when they requested a license, and they received fines of $ A35 each on 8 December 1999 after pleading guilty to importing and operating radio equipment without authorisation. While he was working on creating a radio station, Tabai founded a newspaper, the
718:. He was frustrated by what he felt was neglect from the larger nations, who he felt regarded the Pacific as "nothing but a vast empty space" that obstructed their interactions with one another. Tabai travelled across the Pacific island nations as Secretary-General, operating under the philosophy that the Secretariat needed to hear the concerns of member nations, and he travelled to other parts of the world to stay attuned to global politics. He was in favour of expanding foreign trade during his tenure, particularly with Asian nations.
666:, Tabai was re-elected in the first round of voting. Tong filed a new injunction after they were both nominated on the presidential ballot, but he dropped out before the ruling, so the court found that he again lacked standing against Tabai. Tabai was re-elected as president with 50.1% of the vote, but the opposition gained a larger share than in previous elections, in part because of lingering resentment among voters over the Soviet fishing agreement.
460:
Protestant in a religiously divided country. He also received the largest share of the union vote. The youngest candidate of the election, Tabai was only 27 years old when he took the office; although elder status was a significant qualifier in
Kiribati, voters prioritised his understanding of government. Tabai later said that his university education, a rarity among the Gilbertese people at the time, gave him an electoral advantage.
2638:
650:
no confidence, but it failed with 15 supporting and 19 opposing. Tabai signed the agreement in
October 1985. Once it was in place, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States began pouring money into the region through financial support and rival fishing rights agreements. The Soviet agreement was not renewed, as Kiribati and the Soviet Union were unable to agree on terms.
761:, with his brother and Siau Smith. This was the first independently owned media outlet in Kiribati. He believed that independent media was important, arguing that government-controlled media would never be critical of the government. As of 2001, it cost 60 cents and had a circulation of 1,700. Tabai received a radio license in 2002 after he took the government to court.
694:. Teannaki was put on the ballot as the National Progressive Party's preferred candidate, and he campaigned on a continuation of Tabai's policies. Teannaki succeeded Tabai after winning 46.3% of the vote, demonstrating continued support for Tabai's government. In a 2004 interview, Tabai admitted that he was relieved when his time as president ended.
440:
the outer islands and their people. Through his campaigning, he created the impression that
Ratieta was ignoring the nation's self-governance and represented a continuation of colonial leadership. After the election, Tabai felt that local issues determined elections more than the national issues that he considered only relevant to
733:, "for service to Australian-Pacific Islands countries relations, particularly as Secretary-General to the South Pacific Forum". Tabai's tenure as Secretary-General of the Pacific Islands Forum ended in 1998. Given the difficulty of getting a job in Kiribati, he decided to return to politics as a member of the House of Assembly.
601:
government and putting it to a new vote. Tabai's slim majority failed him, and the bill was defeated with 15 voting in support and 20 voting in opposition, meaning that new elections were triggered. While his government was dissolved, Tabai's role as head of government was taken over by the
Council of State, which included the
645:
decision as a means for
Kiribati to be self-sufficient and forgo British financial support, saying that fish were the only major resource the nation had. He rebutted fears that this was the first step in building a Soviet land base in Kiribati. The domestic political dispute fell along religious lines, as the
629:. Tabai disliked the political conflict surrounding him, and it is rumoured that he considered not running until he was talked into seeking re-election. He won re-election with 49.6% of the vote. Teiwaki criticised Tabai for only appointing allies to his new cabinet instead of working with the opposition.
600:
Tabai went into his next term without a majority in the House of
Assembly. His government introduced a bill in December to correct a salary discrepancy for six statutory officers, but the opposition challenged it as a means to attack Tabai politically. Tabai responded by tying it to confidence in his
517:
With an independent nation, Tabai considered it essential that his government could inform the people how the government worked and to get them accustomed to democracy. He was faced with the prospect of managing an incredibly poor economy between several distant islands, dependent on a foreign nation
423:
Part of Tabai's image was based on his rejection of elitism and protocol; the meetings he held on the outer islands were informal, he often rode the bus, and he was known to ride his bicycle to the shops without a shirt or shoes. Tabai was one of several
Pacific leaders of his generation to be shaped
375:
when was 11 years old, and he was chosen for a scholarship sponsored by the government of New
Zealand to continue his schooling in the country. The change was difficult for him, where he was separated from his family and poorer than the other students, but he credited the experience with teaching him
439:
at the expense of the outer islands and its decision to create a defence force. He attracted support by using broadcastings of parliamentary debates and by visiting many of the outer islands. The primary theme of Tabai's campaign was that the
Ratieta administration was out of touch with the needs of
674:
Without a majority in the House of
Assembly, Tabai depended on a coalition with the independent assemblymen. Finding that he did not have enough support to effectively control parliament, he removed three of his ministers in July 1987 and replaced them with former supporters who had defected to the
649:
condemned the agreement and rallied Catholics against it as a deal with a godless nation, while Protestants generally supported it. By August, the fishing agreement was signed and the domestic backlash intensified. After Tabai rejected proposals of a referendum, the opposition presented a motion of
545:
and Jill Cottrell described Tabai's presidency as "quieter" than the Pacific leaders who dominated their nations' politics. While president, Tabai continued a practice of climbing a 10-metre-tall coconut tree twice each day to fetch coconut milk, which he said was more economical than buying soft
768:
party. Tabai has spoken in favour of including women in politics. He took a stance against overpopulation in 2014, saying that the nation should encourage smaller families to address unemployment and health. He later said that it would help the islands manage challenges to liveability caused by
644:
Tabai incited condemnation from Western nations and neighbouring island nations in March 1985, when he began negotiations with the Soviet Union over fishing rights. In exchange for US$ 1.5 million, he gave Soviet trawlers access to Kiribati's fishing zones for one year. Tabai justified the
468:
Tabai carefully balanced his ministry picks when organising his government, ensuring that there was representation for the north, central, and south regions, for both Catholics and Protestants, and for unions. He chose Teiwaki as his Vice-President. As chief minister, Tabai was responsible for
459:
was held on 17 March 1978, and Tabai won with 55.6% of the vote. Like all of the candidates, he received strong support from the district he represented. The more central location of his district mitigated North–South polarisation, and he received one third of the Catholic vote despite being a
447:
When the House of Assembly approved a constitutional amendment to establish a popularly elected chief minister, Tabai and three of his allies all ran against Ratieta, preventing Ratieta from qualifying for the four-candidate ballot. Accepting that any of them could be chief minister, Tabai and
420:'s government and Ratieta's proposal to create a defence force. The voters saw Ratieta as biased toward northern, Catholic, anti-union demographics, so Tabai's southern, Protestant heritage contrasted him with Ratieta. He presented himself as a common man and an advocate for the outer islands.
773:
only made the decision to help his government win in the next election. Tabai opposed the country's withdrawal from the Pacific Islands Forum in 2022, criticising the government for making the decision without consulting members of parliament or the public. He protested the deportation of the
484:
As negotiations dragged into October and November, Tabai declared that he would not waver in his opposition to an autonomous Banaba, saying that the Gilbert Islands had the "absolute right to proceed to independence with its territorial integrity intact". He argued this point during the
323:
filed a legal challenge, saying that Tabai's elections in 1978, 1982, and 1983 meant that Tabai was term-limited. It was determined that the 1978 election was for a colonial position and it did not count against his term limit. Tabai then won re-election. He was term-limited
391:
Tabai returned home to the Gilbert Islands in 1973. He was one of the only people in the country to have a degree in Tarawa, allowing him to get a job at the Ministry of Finance. He worked there for one year before switching to politics. He married a woman from the
481:, and American claims in the region. Tabai was critical of Australia and New Zealand for giving disproportionate aid to the Pacific nations that they had previously held as territories, as opposed to other nations in the region like Kiribati.
44:
3079:
616:
was held on 12 and 19 January 1983. and it brought Tabai a net increase of two supporters in the House of Assembly, bringing him a majority with 19 of 32 assemblymen. Tabai and Teannaki were again nominated for the ballot in the
592:. Taibai's broad popularity among voters made him a clear favourite to win, and he was re-elected with 48.7% of the vote. His ally Teannaki received 28.5%, further indicating popular support for Tabai's government.
657:
approached, arguing that Tabai's tenure as chief minister counted as a presidential term, which would mean he had reached his three-term limit and would be ineligible to run again. The court ruled that Tong had no
711:. He received the position, becoming Secretary-General on 31 January 1992. Going into the new role, he supported consolidation for the Pacific Islands Forum in contrast to the expansion of the previous decade.
469:
negotiating the independence of Kiribati. He travelled to London and Washington D.C. in June 1978, leading a delegation that included two ministers, two expatriate civil servants, and two advisers from the
3089:
537:
industry, fearing that the small island nation could be overwhelmed by a surge of wealthy tourists. He instead proposed that they "wait until the next 50 or 100 years before talking about such a subject".
541:
Tabai's efforts to promote development and quality of life in the outer islands through the construction of schools and government administration proved unsuccessful. Constitutional law professors
725:
had been sidelined. It alleged that Tabai failed to apply for reappointment giving Fiji a false impression that it could submit a candidate. Tabai received the highest honour of Kiribati, the
493:
of the United Kingdom, it brought changes to the system that Tabai credited with maintaining the country's stability over the following years, such as an executive president with term limits.
241:
29:
3074:
504:. The large independence celebration was Tabai's first test as the new president, managing the many influential figures who visited over the next two days. As of 1979, he had two children.
3069:
500:
to address the new constitution and the Banaba issue, further delaying independence. Kiribati achieved independence on 12 July 1979, and Tabai's position of chief minister was renamed
416:, and he became the leader of the opposition the following year. For this election, Tabai and his allies called themselves the Democratic Labour Party. He rose as a strong critic of
2669:
3084:
3064:
2210:
3094:
554:
shortly after becoming president, where he was the youngest world leader to ever attend a Commonwealth meeting. As president, the United Kingdom granted him an honorary
368:
1187:
577:
in March and April became a competition between Tabai's government and the unionists. Of Tabai's nineteen allies in parliament, seven lost their re-election campaigns.
2871:
2548:
413:
285:
1968:
1867:
1846:
1825:
1792:
1771:
1703:
1488:
1387:
1345:
1023:
927:
868:
1255:
891:
296:, effectively putting him in charge of independence negotiations, and he became president of Kiribati upon independence in 1979. He was re-elected as president in
2845:
662:
to request an injunction against Tabai, as candidates had not yet been nominated for the ballot and Tong was therefore not an electoral opponent of Tabai. In the
707:
Tabai was selected as chancellor of the University of the South Pacific in 1991, and rumours spread that he was seeking the position of Secretary-General of the
547:
384:, where he had to work through his stutter to give a speech in an oratory club. Tabai watched the politicians of New Zealand while he was in the country, with
473:. Here he negotiated arrangements for financial support from the United Kingdom to support the country as the resource making up the majority of its economy,
602:
280:
After attending university in New Zealand, Tabai took a job in the Ministry of Finance for a year before deciding to enter politics. He was elected to the
2484:
2183:
2071:
2662:
769:
climate change. Along with the rest of the opposition, Tabai opposed the shift of Kiribati's foreign policy to favour of China in 2019, arguing that
2861:
2155:
584:
took place on 4 May. Tabai's allies in the House of Assembly gained enough support from independent members to put Tabai and former Vice-President
2043:
456:
293:
339:
in 1992, holding the office until 1998. He then returned to parliamentary politics. Tabai founded two media outlets over the next few years: the
1991:
2127:
2492:
2397:
2312:
2285:
2258:
810:
721:
Tabai's selection for reappointment as Secretary-General in 1994 drew backlash from the Fijian government, which felt that its own candidate
691:
181:
2655:
2541:
1192:
742:
683:
663:
613:
574:
274:
266:
377:
687:
654:
618:
581:
518:
for its funding. Financial independence became a core ideal motivating the policies of Tabai's government. He enacted a loose policy of
325:
316:
305:
297:
2503:
741:
Tabai planned to start a radio station so that the government would not have a monopoly on news, hoping to have it running before the
2448:
2370:
715:
555:
381:
245:
225:
33:
714:
In his first year as Secretary-General, Tabai became the first representative of the Pacific Islands Forum to be invited to the
3059:
2534:
2469:
2304:
638:
562:
388:
in particular having a strong influence on him. He graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in commerce and administration.
2722:
2099:
2277:
343:
newspaper, which was the country's first independently-owned outlet, and a radio station. As an assemblyman, he has opposed
606:
425:
344:
3054:
2360:
409:
281:
262:
2330:
3013:
3008:
2866:
166:
2416:
1942:
2437:
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific
2856:
2829:
470:
679:. Tabai received an honorary doctorate of law from his alma mater Victoria University while visiting in 1990.
676:
2504:"When the 'Tuna Wars' Went Hot: Kiribati, the Soviet Union, and the Fishing Pact that Provoked a Superpower"
2440:
2389:
1973:
1872:
1851:
1830:
1797:
1776:
1708:
1493:
1028:
932:
896:
873:
570:
301:
1887:
800:
566:
522:
with limited spending and moderate privatisation, though he did not enact any spending cuts or tax reform.
477:, was depleted. Also discussed were access to the colonial government's reserve funds, the legal status of
3049:
2851:
569:, passed a motion condemning how Tabai's government handled the strike. This motion was interpreted as a
2678:
2637:
2557:
779:
708:
573:
in Tabai's government, but it failed with 11 votes in favour of the motion and 22 votes against it. The
501:
336:
254:
59:
3044:
726:
588:
on the ballot, while the unionists aligned with Ratieta's allies to nominate him along with unionist
589:
452:
agreed not to campaign around the nation as they were already well-known relative to the other two.
308:. In the early years of his presidency, Tabai made national self-sufficiency central to his agenda.
754:
530:
526:
2324:
750:
2460:
730:
546:
drinks. He considered this a possible career should he fail to be re-elected. Tabai attended the
490:
2270:
836:
690:. Instead, he leveraged his popularity to campaign for his allies, who labelled themselves the
2808:
2515:
2488:
2444:
2393:
2366:
2347:
2308:
2281:
2254:
2243:
2215:
2160:
2132:
2104:
2076:
2048:
1996:
841:
806:
486:
435:
Tabai led an active campaign against the Ratieta administration, critical of the its focus on
2747:
2717:
2707:
2339:
765:
686:, but he was term-limited for the presidency and not eligible to run for re-election in the
646:
186:
565:
led a strike. It turned violent, and hundreds of workers lost their jobs. One assemblyman,
2762:
2592:
2586:
775:
626:
585:
329:
258:
257:
from 1979 to 1991. He previously served in the equivalent role, chief minister, under the
82:
2431:
2297:
2987:
2912:
2793:
2250:
746:
659:
449:
417:
393:
352:
348:
289:
130:
2211:"Kiribati's Sir Ieremia Tabai scathing about decision to deport Australian-born judge"
529:, and it cut funding for public services which included the operation of only a basic
3038:
2992:
2752:
2622:
2604:
770:
428:
movement. His habit of taking his son fishing and his willingness to harvest his own
405:
778:
in 2024, alleging that it was a means to punish Lambourne's wife, opposition leader
561:
One of the key conflicts of Tabai's presidency began in 1980 when the workers union
315:
in 1985, triggering both domestic and international protest. He ran for re-election
2697:
1915:
682:
Tabai successfully ran for re-election to his seat in the House of Assembly in the
441:
436:
312:
2478:
2967:
2957:
2732:
2598:
2574:
2408:
2365:. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
722:
385:
2343:
2876:
2824:
2647:
2616:
2610:
622:
320:
220:
2519:
2351:
2962:
2932:
2692:
542:
519:
474:
429:
43:
2977:
2947:
2712:
2526:
250:
2922:
2803:
2777:
534:
364:
270:
162:
3080:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
2982:
2952:
2917:
2892:
2772:
2382:
551:
489:
in November and December. Although the constitution was based on the
478:
372:
347:
and spoken in favour of smaller family sizes to limit the effects of
2184:"Kiribati exit from Pacific forum 'out of order' - former president"
729:, in 1992. In May 1996 he was appointed an Honorary Officer of the
2972:
2942:
2937:
2927:
2902:
2897:
2767:
2757:
2742:
2727:
2299:
Heads of State in the Pacific: A Legal and Constitutional Analysis
300:. His term ended abruptly after he tied an unsuccessful bill to a
288:
and became leader of the opposition. Tabai defeated the incumbent
2907:
2798:
2737:
2702:
2435:. In Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.).
2272:
Being Political: Leadership and Democracy in the Pacific Islands
497:
2651:
2530:
2072:"Call for quicker integration of women into Kiribati politics"
1943:"Two individuals fined over bid to start non-government radio"
404:
Beginning his political career, Tabai adopted the politics of
1394:. Vol. 52, no. 12. 1 December 1981. pp. 40–41.
2156:"Opposition organises anti-China protest march in Kiribati"
1649:
1647:
1610:
1608:
1523:
1521:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1065:
1063:
496:
Tabai agreed to an international commission in May 1979 in
1157:
1155:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1005:
1003:
1001:
764:
As a member of the opposition, Tabai was aligned with the
637:
As the president of Kiribati, Tabai was chancellor of the
2044:"Kiribati opposition MP calls for president to step down"
1489:"Airline, shipping issues in fall of Kiribati government"
949:
947:
945:
943:
909:
907:
2872:
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
1458:
1456:
1454:
988:
986:
900:. Vol. 60, no. 11. 1 November 1990. p. 7.
877:. Vol. 62, no. 2. 1 February 1992. p. 14.
16:
President of Kiribati from 1979 to 1982 and 1983 to 1991
2508:
Pacific Dynamics: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
2468:. Institute of Pacific Studies and Extension Services,
1992:"Kiribati private radio could be on the air in 20 days"
328:, so he successfully campaigned for his vice-president
2128:"Not time to leave Kiribati yet says former president"
1352:. Vol. 51, no. 8. 1 August 1980. p. 47.
1262:. Vol. 50, no. 7. 31 July 1979. p. 391.
3090:
People educated at St Andrew's College, Christchurch
2384:
Winding up the British Empire in the Pacific Islands
1977:. Vol. 69, no. 7. 1 July 1999. p. 11.
1780:. Vol. 61, no. 5. 1 June 1991. p. 17.
837:"Sir Ieremia Tabai - Berititente from 11 - Kiribati"
3001:
2885:
2838:
2817:
2786:
2685:
1949:. Pacific Islands News Association. 9 December 1999
219:
211:
203:
195:
174:
155:
150:
136:
124:
108:
98:
88:
76:
57:
23:
2459:
2430:
2381:
2323:
2296:
2269:
2242:
653:Tong filed a legal challenge against Tabai as the
3075:National Progressive Party (Kiribati) politicians
1897:. Queensland University of Technology. p. 13
3070:Secretaries general of the Pacific Islands Forum
408:. Tabai was elected to represent Nonouti in the
2030:
2018:
1926:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
1847:"Trade and economy to take priority in Majuro"
703:Secretary-General of the Pacific Islands Forum
2663:
2542:
548:1979 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
8:
2362:Governance and Political Process in Kiribati
1539:
1404:
1374:
886:
884:
3085:Honorary officers of the Order of Australia
3065:Members of the House of Assembly (Kiribati)
1855:. Vol. 66, no. 9. pp. 15–16.
965:
805:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 299.
533:system. Tabai opposed the development of a
2670:
2656:
2648:
2549:
2535:
2527:
2485:Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies
1746:
1734:
1722:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1638:
1614:
1599:
1563:
1551:
1527:
1512:
1474:
1445:
1433:
1416:
1362:
1332:
1320:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1173:
1122:
1093:
1069:
1054:
311:Tabai signed a fishing agreement with the
42:
20:
2245:The Pacific Islands: Paths to the Present
1969:"Second radio station on Kiribati closed"
1308:
1146:
1110:
1081:
1042:
953:
863:
861:
859:
261:from 1978 to 1979. Tabai returned to the
3095:Victoria University of Wellington alumni
2862:International Organization for Migration
2480:Atoll Politics: The Republic of Kiribati
1986:
1984:
1845:Hussein, Bernadette (1 September 1996).
1834:. Vol. 62, no. 12. p. 29.
1230:
1218:
1206:
1161:
1032:. Vol. 60, no. 12. p. 15.
1009:
913:
563:Botaki ni Karikirakean Aroia Taan Makuri
367:on 16 December 1949. He began attending
2458:Timiti, Uriam; Tewei, Tebouaki (1979).
1937:
1935:
1876:. Vol. 64, no. 9. p. 11.
1811:
1801:. Vol. 62, no. 6. p. 32.
1758:
1712:. Vol. 58, no. 9. p. 28.
1497:. Vol. 54, no. 2. p. 13.
1134:
992:
936:. Vol. 58, no. 8. p. 40.
791:
745:. With the former programme manager of
2303:. Institute of Pacific Studies of the
2295:Ghai, Yash P.; Cottrell, Jill (1990).
1895:Pacific Island History Poster Profiles
1866:Motufaga, Akanisi (1 September 1994).
1702:Bataua, Batiri T. (1 September 1987).
1626:
1587:
1575:
1462:
1242:
977:
335:Tabai became secretary general of the
376:frugality. Tabai attended college at
109:Chief Minister of the Gilbert Islands
7:
2100:"Kiribati push for smaller families"
928:"Nippon Causeway Worth the Millions"
802:The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia
799:Lal, Brij V.; Fortune, Kate (2000).
426:Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific
380:from 1967 to 1968. He then attended
304:, but he retained his presidency in
1188:"Alarm spreads over the aid to PNG"
926:Bataua, Batiri T. (1 August 1987).
253:politician who served as the first
72:12 July 1979 – 4 July 1991
1824:Sasako, Alfred (1 December 1992).
1186:Ashton, Chris (21 November 1978).
363:Ieremia Tienang Tabai was born in
14:
2407:O'Callaghan, Mary-Louise (2001).
1487:Schutz, Billy (1 February 1983).
1260:Australian Foreign Affairs Record
716:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
556:Order of St Michael and St George
382:Victoria University of Wellington
378:St Andrew's College, Christchurch
226:Victoria University of Wellington
2636:
2477:Van Trease, Howard, ed. (1993).
2461:"Gestation, Toward Independence"
1022:Robie, David (1 December 1990).
835:Johnstone, Ian (5 August 2011).
619:subsequent presidential election
292:to become chief minister in the
2470:University of the South Pacific
2305:University of the South Pacific
737:Return to the House of Assembly
639:University of the South Pacific
345:Kiribati's relations with China
1791:Sasako, Alfred (1 June 1992).
1772:"Tabai Top of the Polls Again"
869:"Tabai Top of the Polls Again"
249:(born 16 December 1949) is an
1:
1704:"Tarawa's Tabai Strikes Back"
485:constitutional convention at
2466:Kiribati: Aspects of History
2409:"Champion of the free press"
1826:"Focusing on the Year Ahead"
120:1978 – 12 July 1979
2679:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
2380:McIntyre, W. David (2014).
2278:University of Hawaiʻi Press
2241:Colbert, Evelyn S. (1997).
2209:Wiseman, Don (2 May 2024).
1256:"Independence for Kiribati"
684:1991 parliamentary election
664:1987 parliamentary election
614:1983 parliamentary election
575:1982 parliamentary election
457:election for chief minister
306:the resulting 1983 election
159:1950 (age 73–74)
94:Himself (as chief minister)
3111:
2867:United Nations Secretariat
2429:Somoza, Alexander (2001).
2359:Macdonald, Barrie (1996).
2344:10.1177/003231878303500104
2322:Macdonald, Barrie (1983).
692:National Progressive Party
688:1991 presidential election
655:1987 presidential election
582:1982 presidential election
332:to be the next president.
182:National Progressive Party
167:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
3022:
2634:
2564:
2417:Pacific Journalism Review
892:"Victorians Honour Tabai"
609:, and the Chief Justice.
607:Public Service Commission
369:King George V High School
231:
146:
113:
65:
53:
41:
2857:Commonwealth Secretariat
2830:Northern Mariana Islands
1905:– via QUT ePrints.
1540:Ghai & Cottrell 1990
1405:Ghai & Cottrell 1990
1375:Ghai & Cottrell 1990
471:Commonwealth Secretariat
432:endeared him to voters.
319:, but opposition member
2441:Oxford University Press
2390:Oxford University Press
2325:"Elections in Kiribati"
1974:Pacific Islands Monthly
1873:Pacific Islands Monthly
1852:Pacific Islands Monthly
1831:Pacific Islands Monthly
1798:Pacific Islands Monthly
1777:Pacific Islands Monthly
1709:Pacific Islands Monthly
1494:Pacific Islands Monthly
1392:Pacific Islands Monthly
1350:Pacific Islands Monthly
1029:Pacific Islands Monthly
966:Timiti & Tewei 1979
933:Pacific Islands Monthly
897:Pacific Islands Monthly
874:Pacific Islands Monthly
571:motion of no confidence
302:motion of no confidence
3060:Presidents of Kiribati
2852:Asian Development Bank
2839:Observer Organisations
2558:Presidents of Kiribati
2268:Corbett, Jack (2015).
774:Australian-born judge
605:, the chairman of the
400:Early political career
215:Tarawa Palace Razidans
142:Himself (as president)
2502:Willis, Jeff (2017).
780:Tessie Eria Lambourne
709:Pacific Islands Forum
567:Bwebwentaratai Benson
502:president of Kiribati
414:1974 general election
337:Pacific Islands Forum
255:president of Kiribati
238:Ieremia Tienang Tabai
60:President of Kiribati
2443:. pp. 673–686.
1868:"Fiji vs. The Forum"
1793:"What is the Forum?"
1346:"Pacific Priorities"
1024:"Watchman condemned"
727:Kiribati Grand Order
603:Speaker of the House
3055:People from Nonouti
2164:. 27 September 2019
2136:. 24 September 2015
1209:, pp. 230–231.
980:, pp. 673–674.
753:, Tabai co-founded
641:from 1983 to 1986.
531:primary health care
527:subsistence economy
259:colonial government
2108:. 5 September 2014
2000:. 11 December 2002
1737:, pp. 81, 83.
766:Boutokaan te Koaua
731:Order of Australia
525:It moved toward a
491:Westminster system
396:, Meleangi Tabai.
187:Boutokaan te Koaua
3032:
3031:
2886:Dialogue partners
2809:Wallis and Futuna
2787:Associate members
2645:
2644:
2629:
2494:978-0-9583300-0-8
2399:978-0-19-177214-6
2331:Political Science
2314:978-982-02-0017-3
2287:978-0-8248-4102-7
2260:978-0-8133-3286-4
2216:Radio New Zealand
2161:Radio New Zealand
2133:Radio New Zealand
2105:Radio New Zealand
2077:Radio New Zealand
2052:. 5 November 2019
2049:Radio New Zealand
2021:, pp. 15–16.
1997:Radio New Zealand
1692:, pp. 70–71.
1641:, pp. 64–65.
1419:, pp. 52–54.
1323:, pp. 51–52.
1287:, pp. 49–50.
1275:, pp. 48–49.
1125:, pp. 19–20.
1057:, pp. 16–17.
842:Radio New Zealand
812:978-0-8248-2265-1
621:, this time with
487:Marlborough House
410:House of Assembly
282:House of Assembly
263:House of Assembly
235:
234:
3102:
2748:Papua New Guinea
2718:Marshall Islands
2708:French Polynesia
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2627:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2523:
2498:
2473:
2463:
2454:
2434:
2425:
2413:
2403:
2387:
2376:
2355:
2327:
2318:
2302:
2291:
2275:
2264:
2248:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:. 11 August 2011
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2040:
2034:
2031:O'Callaghan 2001
2028:
2022:
2019:O'Callaghan 2001
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1930:
1927:O'Callaghan 2001
1924:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1892:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1516:
1510:
1499:
1498:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1019:
1013:
1007:
996:
990:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
938:
937:
923:
917:
911:
902:
901:
888:
879:
878:
865:
854:
853:
851:
849:
832:
817:
816:
796:
647:Bishop of Tarawa
269:and represented
248:
199:Meleangi Kalofia
169:
151:Personal details
139:
127:
118:
101:
91:
79:
70:
46:
36:
21:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3018:
2997:
2881:
2834:
2813:
2782:
2763:Solomon Islands
2681:
2676:
2646:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2593:Tekiree Tamuera
2587:Teatao Teannaki
2560:
2555:
2501:
2495:
2476:
2457:
2451:
2428:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2379:
2373:
2358:
2321:
2315:
2294:
2288:
2267:
2261:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1747:Van Trease 1993
1745:
1741:
1735:Van Trease 1993
1733:
1729:
1723:Van Trease 1993
1721:
1717:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1690:Van Trease 1993
1688:
1684:
1678:Van Trease 1993
1676:
1672:
1666:Van Trease 1993
1664:
1660:
1654:Van Trease 1993
1652:
1645:
1639:Van Trease 1993
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1615:Van Trease 1993
1613:
1606:
1600:Van Trease 1993
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1564:Van Trease 1993
1562:
1558:
1552:Van Trease 1993
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1528:Van Trease 1993
1526:
1519:
1513:Van Trease 1993
1511:
1502:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1475:Van Trease 1993
1473:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1446:Van Trease 1993
1444:
1440:
1434:Van Trease 1993
1432:
1423:
1417:Van Trease 1993
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1363:Van Trease 1993
1361:
1357:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1333:Van Trease 1993
1331:
1327:
1321:Van Trease 1993
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1297:Van Trease 1993
1295:
1291:
1285:Van Trease 1993
1283:
1279:
1273:Van Trease 1993
1271:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1174:Van Trease 1993
1172:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1123:Van Trease 1993
1121:
1117:
1109:
1100:
1094:Van Trease 1993
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1070:Van Trease 1993
1068:
1061:
1055:Van Trease 1993
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1008:
999:
991:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
941:
925:
924:
920:
912:
905:
890:
889:
882:
867:
866:
857:
847:
845:
834:
833:
820:
813:
798:
797:
793:
788:
776:David Lambourne
739:
705:
700:
698:Post-presidency
672:
635:
627:Tewareka Tentoa
598:
586:Teatao Teannaki
515:
510:
466:
402:
361:
330:Teatao Teannaki
240:
191:
175:Political party
161:
160:
137:
125:
119:
114:
104:Teatao Teannaki
99:
89:
83:Teatao Teannaki
77:
71:
66:
49:
37:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2988:United Kingdom
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2913:European Union
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:American Samoa
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2628:denotes acting
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2514:(2): 264–281.
2499:
2493:
2474:
2455:
2449:
2426:
2404:
2398:
2377:
2371:
2356:
2319:
2313:
2292:
2286:
2265:
2259:
2251:Westview Press
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2201:
2190:. 11 July 2022
2175:
2147:
2119:
2091:
2063:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1980:
1960:
1931:
1919:
1916:It's an Honour
1908:
1879:
1858:
1837:
1816:
1804:
1783:
1763:
1761:, p. 156.
1751:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1643:
1631:
1629:, p. 275.
1619:
1604:
1592:
1590:, p. 273.
1580:
1578:, p. 267.
1568:
1556:
1544:
1542:, p. 243.
1532:
1517:
1500:
1479:
1467:
1465:, p. 675.
1450:
1438:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1309:Macdonald 1996
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1247:
1245:, p. 674.
1235:
1233:, p. 234.
1223:
1221:, p. 231.
1211:
1199:
1196:. p. 104.
1178:
1166:
1164:, p. 228.
1151:
1147:Macdonald 1983
1139:
1127:
1115:
1111:Macdonald 1983
1098:
1086:
1082:Macdonald 1996
1074:
1059:
1047:
1043:Macdonald 1996
1035:
1014:
1012:, p. 237.
997:
982:
970:
968:, p. 120.
958:
954:Macdonald 1983
939:
918:
916:, p. 227.
903:
880:
855:
818:
811:
790:
789:
787:
784:
747:Radio Kiribati
738:
735:
704:
701:
699:
696:
671:
668:
660:legal standing
634:
631:
597:
594:
590:Etera Teangana
514:
511:
509:
506:
465:
464:Chief minister
462:
450:Roniti Teiwaki
418:Naboua Ratieta
401:
398:
394:Ellice Islands
360:
357:
353:climate change
349:overpopulation
290:Naboua Ratieta
233:
232:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
190:
189:
184:
178:
176:
172:
171:
170:(now Kiribati)
157:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
134:
133:
131:Naboua Ratieta
128:
122:
121:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
92:
86:
85:
80:
78:Vice President
74:
73:
63:
62:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3107:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Living people
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2993:United States
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:New Caledonia
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2639:
2624:
2623:Taneti Maamau
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:Teburoro Tito
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:Ieremia Tabai
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:Ieremia Tabai
2567:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2450:9780191600012
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2374:
2372:0-7315-1996-5
2368:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2033:, p. 15.
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:, p. 16.
1928:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1814:, p. 91.
1813:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1749:, p. 98.
1748:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1725:, p. 77.
1724:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1680:, p. 70.
1679:
1674:
1671:
1668:, p. 68.
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:, p. 65.
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1617:, p. 63.
1616:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1602:, p. 62.
1601:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1566:, p. 61.
1565:
1560:
1557:
1554:, p. 60.
1553:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1530:, p. 59.
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1515:, p. 57.
1514:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1477:, p. 56.
1476:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:, p. 55.
1447:
1442:
1439:
1436:, p. 54.
1435:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1407:, p. 49.
1406:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:, p. 52.
1364:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1335:, p. 51.
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1311:, p. 27.
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:, p. 50.
1298:
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1231:McIntyre 2014
1227:
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1219:McIntyre 2014
1215:
1212:
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1207:McIntyre 2014
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1200:
1195:
1194:
1189:
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1179:
1176:, p. 21.
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:McIntyre 2014
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:, p. 65.
1148:
1143:
1140:
1137:, p. 32.
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1113:, p. 63.
1112:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:, p. 17.
1095:
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1087:
1084:, p. 56.
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:, p. 18.
1071:
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1045:, p. 18.
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1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:McIntyre 2014
1006:
1004:
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995:, p. 44.
994:
989:
987:
983:
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956:, p. 60.
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914:McIntyre 2014
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771:Taneti Maamau
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743:1998 election
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48:Tabai in 2009
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25:Ieremia Tabai
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2338:(1): 58–70.
2335:
2329:
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2271:
2244:
2220:. Retrieved
2214:
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2192:. Retrieved
2187:
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2166:. Retrieved
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2110:. Retrieved
2103:
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2082:. Retrieved
2075:
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2054:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
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2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1995:
1972:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1946:
1922:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1894:
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1840:
1829:
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1812:Colbert 1997
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1759:Corbett 2015
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1377:, p. x.
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846:. Retrieved
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138:Succeeded by
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100:Succeeded by
67:
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3045:1949 births
2968:South Korea
2958:Philippines
2848:Secretariat
2733:New Zealand
2599:Ata Teaotai
2575:Rota Onorio
2424:(1): 15–18.
1627:Willis 2017
1588:Willis 2017
1576:Willis 2017
1463:Somoza 2001
1243:Somoza 2001
978:Somoza 2001
723:Filipe Bole
430:coconut sap
412:during the
386:Norman Kirk
126:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
3039:Categories
2877:World Bank
2825:East Timor
2723:Micronesia
2617:Anote Tong
2611:Tion Otang
2432:"Kiribati"
2235:References
1888:"Kiribati"
623:Harry Tong
508:Presidency
321:Harry Tong
273:as of the
251:I-Kiribati
221:Alma mater
2963:Singapore
2933:Indonesia
2818:Observers
2693:Australia
2520:2463-641X
2352:0032-3187
2194:10 August
1953:10 August
670:1987–1991
633:1983–1987
596:1982–1983
543:Yash Ghai
520:austerity
513:1979–1982
475:phosphate
359:Education
212:Residence
116:In office
68:In office
3002:Meetings
2978:Thailand
2948:Malaysia
2713:Kiribati
1388:"People"
204:Children
2923:Germany
2804:Tokelau
2778:Vanuatu
2686:Members
2613:*
2601:*
2595:*
2577:*
2222:20 July
2168:20 July
2140:20 July
2112:20 July
2084:20 July
2056:20 July
2004:20 July
1901:28 July
848:20 July
759:Newstar
535:tourism
424:by the
365:Nonouti
341:Newstar
326:in 1991
317:in 1987
271:Nonouti
163:Nonouti
2983:Turkey
2953:Norway
2918:France
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552:Lusaka
479:Banaba
373:Tarawa
196:Spouse
2973:Spain
2943:Japan
2938:Italy
2928:India
2903:China
2898:Chile
2768:Tonga
2758:Samoa
2743:Palau
2728:Nauru
2412:(PDF)
1891:(PDF)
786:Notes
244:
32:
3014:51st
3009:45th
2908:Cuba
2799:Guam
2738:Niue
2703:Fiji
2516:ISSN
2489:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2394:ISBN
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2309:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2224:2024
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2086:2024
2058:2024
2006:2024
1955:2024
1947:IFEX
1903:2022
850:2024
807:ISBN
625:and
612:The
580:The
498:Suva
455:The
351:and
298:1982
286:1974
267:1998
242:GCMG
156:Born
58:1st
30:GCMG
2846:ACP
2340:doi
2188:RNZ
550:in
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2008:.
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