260:
532:'During the forty-nine years of Aurangzeb's reign Kashmir was administered by no less than fourteen governors sent from Delhi. Most of them were broad-minded and efficient. They dispensed justice and carried on the administration well. In times of unforeseen calamities like famines, floods, and fires they gave succour, and relief to the suffering people.' Unfortunately a bigoted, and cruel administrator, Iftikar Khan, was appointed governor in 1671 A.D., one who tyrannised over the Brahmins to such an extent that it is said that he sent to the Emperor bundles of sacred-threads of Brahmins, he had either converted or forcibly killed.
663:: 'Iftikhar Khan ... was using force to convert the Pandits in Kashmir to Islam. Some pious men among the Pandits then met and decided to go to Amarnath and invoke the mercy of Siva there for deliverance from the tyrannies of the bigot. At the Amarnath cave, one of the Pandits saw Lord Siva in a dream who told him to go to Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, in the Punjab, and ask for his help to save the Hindu religion. He spoke to his companions about the revelation about 500 proceeded to Anandpur where Tegh Bahadur lived.'
570:
vengeance. (In his book, The Sikh
Religion, Max Arthur Macauliffe refers to the governor of Kashmir as Sher Afghan Khan but most historians including Kirpal Singh and Kharak Singh call him Iftikhar Khan.) Thousands of Brahmins were thrown into jail and the process of a systematic genocide was launched. Those who had not yet been arrested sought safety by fleeing from the state. Only a handful of Brahmins had converted to Islam, it was obvious that soon the rest would either have been exterminated or would have fled the state.
113:
66:
166:
25:
631:
Pandits met and decided to go to AmarNath and invoke mercy of Siva there for deliverance from the tyrannies of this bigot. At the Amar nath Cave one of the pandits saw Siva in a dream who told him to go to Teg
Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru in the Punjab and ask for his help to save the Hindu religion. He spoke to his companions about this revelation.
630:
History is a witness that under the commands of
Aurangzeb, Iftikhar Khan was using torture towards the Pandits in Kashmir, and was forcibly converting them to Islam. He also used to seize pretty Panditani girls and make them over as gifts to the Musalmans for their harems. Some pious men among the
569:
He gave orders that no Hindu should be allowed to wear janeu or tilak (the marks of a devout Hindu) in
Kashmir and those who refused to give them up should be put to death. Iftikhar Khan, the governor of Kashmir (1671-75), as bigoted as his emperor, set out to implement Aurangzeb's orders with a
483:
to seek the assistance of the Sikhs. A delegation of around five hundred
Kashmiri Pundits, led by Pundit Kirpa Ram, sought the Guru's help at Anandpur Sahib and detailed the genocidal policies enacted against the Hindus of Kashmir under the governorship of Iftikhar Khan.
463:, including destruction of Hindu temples, indiscriminate killings, and forced conversions. Many girls and women from the Kashmiri Hindu community were seized for the Islamic harems during his governorship period. His policies pushed the
259:
475:. According to traditional lore, after the appeal made to Shiva at Amarnath, one of the participating Kashmiri Pundits had a dream of Shiva instructing the group to seek assistance from the ninth Sikh guru,
442:
435:
428:
659:
How Guru Tegh
Bahadur took up cudgels on behalf of the pandits of Kashmir is best explained by a contemporary Kashmiri historian, P.N.K. Bamzai, in his
38:
736:
726:
691:
Iftikhar Khan (1671-1675) won a lot of notoriety by unnecessarily torturing Hindus and the following account will throw light on his policy.
386:
391:
175:
684:
652:
623:
591:
562:
226:
208:
147:
52:
455:
He was appointed as governor of the
Kashmir province in 1671 and is said to have enacted discriminatory policies, on the orders of
132:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
731:
324:
87:
44:
126:
78:
121:
492:
416:
179:
112:
376:
350:
332:
467:
community to the brink and made an organized group 500-strong from the community seek divine help from
487:
The genocidal actions against the
Kashmiri Hindus during his reign was noted and documented by the
355:
360:
680:
648:
619:
587:
558:
476:
411:
401:
464:
264:
Painting of
Iftikhar Khan containing a Perso-Arabic inscription on the border, ca.1650–1675
472:
460:
381:
186:
65:
406:
309:
282:
720:
706:
479:, to put a stop to the oppression. This was taken by the group as a divine sign from
396:
190:
488:
456:
301:
251:
679:. Kashmir Through Ages. Vol. 1. Sarup & Sons. p. 130.
616:
The
Odyssey Of Kashmiri Pandits: Destination-Homeland-Panun Kashmir
480:
468:
305:
285:
555:
Founder of the Khalsa: The Life and Times of Guru Gobind Singh
159:
106:
59:
18:
83:
498:
His reign as governor of the subah lasted until 1675.
530:. Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. pp. 293–300.
277:
269:
243:
528:Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prophet and Martyr: A Biography
586:. Ashish Publishing House. pp. 132–133.
436:
8:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
443:
429:
319:
258:
240:
189:. Please do not remove this message until
526:Singh, Trilochan (1967). "Chapter XXII".
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
209:Learn how and when to remove this message
148:Learn how and when to remove this message
185:Relevant discussion may be found on the
713:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000) p.45.
507:
368:
342:
331:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
377:Medieval persecution by Muslim rulers
7:
609:
607:
605:
603:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
387:Captivity of Kodavas at Seringapatam
392:Captivity of Nairs at Seringapatam
14:
77:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:This article has multiple issues.
164:
111:
64:
23:
737:17th-century Indian politicians
42:or discuss these issues on the
727:Governors of Jammu and Kashmir
1:
584:Kashmir Shaivism: Under Siege
553:Dahiya, Amardeep S. (2014).
677:Kashmir: History and People
191:conditions to do so are met
753:
493:Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai
417:1947 Rawalpindi massacres
257:
250:
90:may contain suggestions.
75:may need to be rewritten
643:Singh, Patwant (2007).
582:Chitkara, M.G. (2002).
461:local Hindus of Kashmir
316:Governorship of Kashmir
120:Some of this article's
732:17th-century governors
334:Persecution of Hindus
675:Bakshi, S.R. (1997).
351:Religious persecution
647:. Crown Publishing.
614:Bhat, M.L. (2017).
356:Freedom of religion
312:from 1671 to 1675.
178:of this article is
661:History of Kashmir
361:Religious violence
453:
452:
412:Direct Action Day
402:Malabar rebellion
336:in pre-1947 India
300:) was the Mughal
291:
290:
237:
236:
229:
219:
218:
211:
158:
157:
150:
105:
104:
79:quality standards
57:
744:
694:
693:
672:
666:
665:
640:
634:
633:
618:. Notion Press.
611:
598:
597:
579:
573:
572:
550:
535:
534:
523:
495:, in his works.
445:
438:
431:
337:
320:
262:
241:
232:
225:
214:
207:
203:
200:
194:
168:
167:
160:
153:
146:
142:
139:
133:
115:
107:
100:
97:
91:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
752:
751:
747:
746:
745:
743:
742:
741:
717:
716:
703:
698:
697:
687:
674:
673:
669:
655:
642:
641:
637:
626:
613:
612:
601:
594:
581:
580:
576:
565:
552:
551:
538:
525:
524:
509:
504:
473:Amarnath shrine
465:Kashmiri Pundit
449:
382:Goa Inquisition
335:
333:
318:
296:(also spelt as
265:
246:
233:
222:
221:
220:
215:
204:
198:
195:
184:
169:
165:
154:
143:
137:
134:
131:
116:
101:
95:
92:
82:
69:
28:
24:
17:
16:Mughal governor
12:
11:
5:
750:
748:
740:
739:
734:
729:
719:
718:
715:
714:
702:
699:
696:
695:
685:
667:
653:
635:
624:
599:
592:
574:
563:
536:
506:
505:
503:
500:
459:, against the
451:
450:
448:
447:
440:
433:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:
414:
409:
407:Noakhali riots
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
345:
344:
340:
339:
329:
328:
317:
314:
289:
288:
279:
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
263:
255:
254:
248:
247:
244:
235:
234:
217:
216:
172:
170:
163:
156:
155:
122:listed sources
119:
117:
110:
103:
102:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
749:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
712:
708:
707:Patwant Singh
705:
704:
700:
692:
688:
686:9788185431963
682:
678:
671:
668:
664:
662:
656:
654:9780307429339
650:
646:
639:
636:
632:
627:
625:9781947586253
621:
617:
610:
608:
606:
604:
600:
595:
593:9788176483605
589:
585:
578:
575:
571:
566:
564:9789381398616
560:
557:. Hay House.
556:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
508:
501:
499:
496:
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
446:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
426:
424:
423:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
397:Mappila riots
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
367:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
341:
338:
330:
326:
322:
321:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Iftikhar Khan
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
261:
256:
253:
249:
245:Iftikhar Khan
242:
239:
231:
228:
213:
210:
202:
192:
188:
182:
181:
177:
171:
162:
161:
152:
149:
141:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
109:
108:
99:
89:
85:
80:
76:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
710:
690:
676:
670:
660:
658:
644:
638:
629:
615:
583:
577:
568:
554:
531:
527:
497:
486:
477:Tegh Bahadur
454:
298:Iftikar Khan
297:
293:
292:
281:Governor of
238:
223:
205:
196:
174:
144:
135:
124:
93:
84:You can help
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
491:historian,
273:1671 – 1675
125:may not be
721:Categories
502:References
199:April 2023
176:neutrality
138:March 2024
96:March 2024
39:improve it
711:The Sikhs
645:The Sikhs
457:Aurangzeb
369:Incidents
187:talk page
88:talk page
45:talk page
489:Kashmiri
325:a series
323:Part of
302:governor
286:province
252:Subahdar
180:disputed
127:reliable
701:Sources
471:at the
310:Kashmir
304:of the
283:Kashmir
683:
651:
622:
590:
561:
343:Issues
278:Tenure
86:. The
481:Shiva
469:Shiva
306:Subah
270:Reign
681:ISBN
649:ISBN
620:ISBN
588:ISBN
559:ISBN
173:The
308:of
723::
709:.
689:.
657:.
628:.
602:^
567:.
539:^
510:^
327:on
48:.
596:.
444:e
437:t
430:v
230:)
224:(
212:)
206:(
201:)
197:(
193:.
183:.
151:)
145:(
140:)
136:(
130:.
98:)
94:(
81:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.