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drew a pistol but was restrained from firing by a royalist soldier. Allende was in the fifth carriage, and
Allende opened fire. In the return fire Allende's son and several rebel soldiers were killed. The royalists tied the hands of the rebel leaders and their escorts and escorted them to a makeshift prison camp. This process of capturing elements of the rebel army continued all day long. As each new element arrived they were taken captive by Elizondo's men. By the end of the day the royalists had 893 prisoners and had killed about 40 of the rebels who resisted. The rear guard was the only contingent in the rebel army which sensed the danger and escaped capture.
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435:, in Texas, New Spain, where he died as he was being carried back to the capital on a litter. However, if Lt. Col. Elizondo was, indeed, first interred on the banks of the San Marcos River, then his remains must have been exhumed later and re-buried in San Antonio, where on 9 October 1815, his burial was recorded in the
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with 150 men. The rebel leaders arrived first at the wells in carriages. Elizondo greeted them with an honor guard. He led the carriages behind a nearby hill not visible from the remainder of the rebel convoy. There, his men demanded the surrender of the rebel leaders. Padre
Hidalgo, on horseback,
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The next day
Elizondo divided the prisoners into three groups: the leaders of the rebels including Padre Hidalgo; captured rebel clergymen, and the common soldiers. All prisoners were taken to Monclova first and the lesser offenders remained there for trial. Ten captured clergymen were taken to
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Elizondo's last military service to the King of Spain was as the officer in command of a contingent of 500 cavalrymen dispatched by
Arredondo from the capital at San Antonio, to chase and mop-up the fleeing survivors of the insurgent army immediately after the Battle of Medina. His last reports
260:
church for livestock and land he had purchased. However, Governor de
Herrera, declined to exempt him from his military duties which caused friction between the two men. He subsequently married Maria Romana Carrasco and, in 1806, the couple moved to the Hacienda of San Juan de Canoas, in
300:, Coahuila. There, or possibly earlier, he was persuaded to join the royalists. Some historians debate whether General Ramon Díaz de Bustamante or Bishop Primo Feliciano Marín de Porras won Elizondo over to the royalists. Others believe he was converted by
244:. One year later Elizondo returned again to his former position at Pesquería's provincial militia. In 1806, the governor of Nuevo León, Pedro de Herrera y Levya, appointed him to command the Eighth Dragoons, a company, which would operate in
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Deceived into believing that
Monclova was safely in the hands of rebel supporters, Allende, Hidalgo, other leaders, and 1,000 men of the rebel army departed Saltillo for Monclova. On March 21, 1811, Elizondo was waiting at the
403:(before the incident that led to his death on his return from this successful mission) detail his march along the Camino Real toward eastern Texas, where he captured and executed many of the rebel soldiers at the Spanish
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After the capture of the rebel leaders, Elizondo was promoted to Lt. Colonel in the royalist army. Given the importance of his capture of the rebel leaders, the reward and the honors he received were modest.
610:
391:
General
Arredondo ordered Elizondo to join him in an effort to retake the Spanish colony of Texas. With 1,830 men the two commanders advanced from Mexico toward San Antonio. On August 18, 1813, at the
209:). He was son of José Marcos de Elizondo and María Josefa de Villarreal. He was of Spanish and Basque ancestry. During his childhood, Elizondo lived in the village of Pesquería Grande (present-day
439:
record book at San
Fernando cathedral as No. 715: "Ignacio Elizondo, Lt. Col. of the cavalry. Spanish, married to Romana Carrasco. He died of wounds received from an attack whilst he slept."
407:
of
Trinidad de Salcedo (1807-1813) on Trinity River, which he depopulated and burned (see translation of Elizondo's final reports appended here). He pursued rebel soldiers as far as
677:
487:
Las andanzas del obispo Marín de Porras y la traición de Baján : diplomáticos de la insurgencia. by A. Núñez de León. Monterrey, México : Editorial
Vallarta, 1962.
657:
641:
En los albores de la independencia: Las Provincias Internas de Oriente durante la insurrección de don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, 1810-1811. by Isidro Vizcaya Canales
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Elizondo was asked to continue to pretend to support the rebels to gain intelligence about the plans of Allende and Hidalgo who were then in flight toward the
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On September 3, 1813, Elizondo was critically wounded by Lieutenant Miguel (or Manuel) Serrano, while sleeping in his encampment at the edge of the
319:, 160 kilometres (99 mi) south of Monclova. The royalist sympathizers in Monclova included a group of large landowners of the region led by
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217:). In 1787, at the age of twenty-one he married María Gertrudis. She died on March 6, 1797, while giving birth to his son, José Rafael Eusebio.
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in 1811. Initially a supporter of Mexican independence who converted to the royalist cause, Elizondo is sometimes compared to the American
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Captain Ignacio Elizondo captures Hidalgo, Allende and other insurgent leaders at the Wells of Bajan on 21 March 1811.
611:"Report of the Reduction of Trinidad de Salcedo by Lt Col Ignacio Elizondo of the Royal Spanish Army, 6 September 1813"
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509:
Almaraz, Jr., Felix D. (April 1996), "Texas Governor Manuel Salcedo and the Court-Martial of Padre Miguel Hidalgo,"
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de Bexar and demanded Gutiérrez's surrender. On June 20, Gutiérrez's army of 1,500 men surprised Elizondo in the
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193:. In 1813, after a successful campaign against rebel armies he was assassinated by one of his junior officers.
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315:. In March 1811, Hidalgo and Allende, rebel military leaders, and the remnants of the rebel army were in
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an exemption from his military command as he was having serious financial problems. He owed money to the
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292:, on September 16, 1810. Initially Elizondo, stationed in Texas, took the side of the rebels in the
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of Texas and Simón de Herrera of Nuevo León, while the two royalist governors were his prisoners.
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ordered Elizondo to reconnoiter, but not to engage in battle with, the rebel forces of José
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399:, crushing the so-called Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition as well as the insurrection in Texas.
395:, Elizondo led a cavalry division of the Royal Spanish Army to defeat the 1,400 man rebel
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455:"'Go Ahead, Guys' vs The Spanish Royal Army; Battle of Medina, Texas, August 18, 1813,"
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in eastern Texas and executed 71 rebel soldiers and took more than 100 prisoners.
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and soundly defeated his forces, forcing Elizondo to retreat to the Rio Grande.
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600:, accessed March 22, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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of Pesquería's provincial militia company. Two years later, he was appointed
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state, where he also administrated the Hacienda of Alamo near the city of
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Ignacio Elizondo began his military career in 1798, after being appointed
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for trial. The rebel leaders and many of their followers were executed.
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against Spain. He is mostly known for his capture of insurgent leaders
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Santos, Richard, "Bexar county's forgotten Battle of Alazan Creek,"
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Elizondo's last report details reduction of Trinidad de Salcedo.
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in San Antonio. With a force of 1,050 men Elizondo crossed the
213:, Nuevo León). His father owned many agricultural estates (
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The Mexican War of Independence from Spain began with the
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on June 12 and, against Arredondo's orders, camped near
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340:and 27 military leaders and Hidalgo were taken to
252:attacks taking place. Elizondo requested from the
201:Elizondo was born in the village of Salinas (now
368:. To begin the effort to recover Texas, General
31: and the second or maternal family name is
513:Vol. 99, No. 4, pp. 452-454. Downloaded from
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615:ResearchGate DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2471.0562
236:, one of the largest military units in the
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658:People of the Mexican War of Independence
500:Austin: University of Texas Press, p. 127
678:People from Salinas Victoria, Nuevo León
356:On March 29, 1813, the royalist army in
139:Francisco Ignacio de Elizondo Villarreal
64:Francisco Ignacio de Elizondo Villarreal
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511:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly,
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628:Texas State Historical Association,
364:and on April 1 the rebels occupied
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16:Spanish royalist military officer
157:, c. September 12, 1813), was a
311:after a military defeat in the
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544:"La Guerra de Independencia."
397:Republican Army of the North
321:José Melchor Sanchez Navarro
161:military officer during the
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163:Mexican war of independence
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374:Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara
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370:José Joaquín de Arredondo
313:Battle of Calderon Bridge
290:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
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598:Handbook of Texas Online
535:Almaraz, Jr., pp 455-456
498:A Mexican Family Empire,
141:, (born Salinas Valley,
683:People of Spanish Texas
632:, accessed 23 Jan 2019.
617:, accessed May 6, 2015.
362:Battle of Rosillo Creek
302:Manuel María de Salcedo
149:, March 9, 1766 - died
574:, accessed 23 Jan 2018
469:, accessed 19 Jan 2019
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386:Battle of Alazan Creek
459:Vol. 2, No. 1, p.11,
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248:against the frequent
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626:"Ignacio Elizondo,"
592:Robert H. Thonhoff,
553:Almaraz, pp. 456-457
175:José Mariano Jiménez
594:"ELIZONDO, IGNACIO"
238:New Kingdom of León
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72:New Kingdom of León
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232:provincial
179:Juan Aldama
121:Nationality
652:Categories
443:References
378:Rio Grande
242:Nuevo Leon
222:Lieutenant
207:Nuevo León
129:Occupation
100:San Marcos
85:Nuevo León
360:lost the
342:Chihuahua
215:haciendas
155:New Spain
147:New Spain
87:, Mexico)
76:New Spain
33:Villareal
463:Archived
405:hacienda
317:Saltillo
298:Monclova
267:Monclova
263:Coahuila
234:dragoons
187:Coahuila
159:royalist
132:Military
29:Elizondo
19:In this
338:Durango
281:of the
279:"grito"
254:Viceroy
228:of the
226:Captain
181:at the
124:Spanish
25:surname
583:Santos
286:priest
250:Apache
211:Garcia
177:, and
515:JSTOR
423:Death
358:Texas
246:Texas
109:Texas
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