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the subject of extremely negative press and was portrayed as a villain in much of the literature from his time, for example in the poems of
Tsunada Tadayuki. Historians such as Miyauchi and Beasley consider that Ii was nonetheless a patriot who carried out all of his acts in the belief that they were for the good of Japan and the Emperor. They base this theory upon Ii's 1853 proposal concerning the Japanese negotiations with Commodore Perry, where Ii realized that Japan could not stand up to the Western powers and therefore suggested a policy of placation while the Japanese built up their armed forces (which was the policy chosen by the Meiji government). Ii's successors could not overturn his policy decisions, and his attitude towards the foreigners became the cornerstone of Japanese policy well into the Meiji period.
625:. Naosuke broached the topic to the Imperial court through his Envoy Manabe Akibuke. Manabe was tasked with gauging the measure of acceptability for the proposed marriage between Shogun Iemochi and Princess Kazunomiya. Prominent court official Konoe Tadahiro responded favorably to the proposal, insinuating a marriage between the shogun and Princess Kazunomiya was possible if her present engagement failed. However, in March 1859 Konoe was forced to retire from the court by Naosuke's Ansei purge, and the idea of
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full backing of the bakufu officials, Ii ordered the Harris treaty to be signed. Soon after this Ii negotiated a number of similar unequal treaties with the Dutch, the
Russians, the British and the French. Bakufu critics considered the treaties signed by Ii Naosuke to have seriously compromised Japan's sovereignty, and recovery of this power became the basis of a large part of the policies formed during the Meiji period.
599:. Eight of the officials who were purged were executed; the remainder were forced into retirement. During the Ansei purge Ii Naosuke was able to force Hitotsubashi Keiki's supporters to retire and place Hitotsubashi and his family under house arrest. Ii Naosuke was also able to remove officials who had expressed unhappiness with his handling of the Harris treaty and the shogunal succession from public life.
48:
655:
453:(Great Elder); a decision influenced by the Kii Party. The position of Tairō, a post traditionally held by members of the Ii family, was rarely filled; in fact there had only been three Tairō between 1700 and Ii Naosuke's rise to power 158 years later. Ii's promotion to the post of Tairō annoyed many of the
590:
Ii's decision made him very unpopular with
Imperial loyalists, especially with the Mito samurai. Towards the end of 1858 the reformists went to the emperor with the hopes of restraining Ii. In response to the attempt by Tokugawa Nariaki and his supporters to denounce him in the emperor's court Ii had
524:
of the
Hitotsubashi faction were preventing him from presenting the treaty to the emperor by withholding their approval. At this time Harris started putting pressure on the shogunal officials to sign the treaty. Ii decided not to risk aggravating the Americans and on July 29, 1858, encouraged by the
292:
during Perry's mission to open Japan to the outside world. Realizing that Japan was faced with immediate military danger Ii argued that Japan should use their relationship with the Dutch to allow them to buy enough time to develop armed forces, which could resist invasion. Ii recommended that only
775:
After his death, Ii
Naosuke was quickly both vilified and defended. Even his enemies would admit that, along with Tokugawa Nariaki, Ii was one of the most important political figures of the late Edo period of Japanese history. Due to the often-tyrannical means Ii used to maintain his power, he was
712:
even wrote a poem praising Ii's assassins. Soon attempts were being made on the lives of other members of the bakufu and their informants. The wave of popular dissent also turned against officials with a connection to Ii
Naosuke, no matter how distant it was. Shimada Sakon, retainer of the Kujō,
251:
temple where he lived on a small stipend from his family. Fortunately for Ii, even though he was sent to the monastery, his 13 elder brothers were either adopted into other families who needed an heir, or died before they succeeded their father. Accordingly, when his father died in 1850, Ii was
779:
After Ii
Naosuke's death, the Ii family was disgraced for many years; recently, however, Ii's actions have been looked at in a more favorable light and Ii Naosuke has taken his place as one of the most important political figures of Japanese history. On October 7, 2009, Ii Naotake, a family
539:. Hitotsubashi Keiki was the reformist candidate, supported by the reformist faction, headed by his father Tokugawa Nariaki; his supporters pointed to his experience and skill in handling policy decisions. Ii was aware that Japan needed strong leadership, but unlike the reformist
713:(one of the Sekke families; the 5 regent houses, and among the most powerful in the court), Imperial regent, was killed by dissidents for supporting the Harris treaty and helping Ii's confidant, Nagano Shuzen, expose members of the court who were targeted during the Ansei purge.
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faded into the background until 1861, after the death of Ii
Naosuke. In 1861 due to the further deteriorating status of the shogunate the marriage between Tokugawa Iemochi and Princess Kazunomiya finally took place, though their marriage was cut short by Iemochi's death in 1866.
765:
693:. The assassination of Ii Naosuke, who was seen as the symbol of the bakufu's power and authority, was construed as crushing any hopes for the resurrection of the shogunate's power. His assassins additionally left a note accusing him of building heretical
741:, a key member of the Meiji restoration and a main architect of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan and Japanese militarism, to show that any action can be forgiven if it is performed for the betterment of the emperor.
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or the
Emperor had the right to interfere. As head councilor of the Tokugawa house Ii was now free to influence the decision in favor of whichever candidate he preferred without any interference. In this way Ii was able to ignore the
562:
To end meddling in bakufu affairs, shortly after he signed the Harris treaty Ii settled the matter of the shogunal succession by claiming that the shogunal succession was a matter for the
Tokugawa house alone and neither the
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and the Bakufu were astounded and taken completely off-guard by the death of Ii Naosuke. They didn't even announce his death until several months after the assassination took place. Instead, during this time the
1024:
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Although Ii's Ansei purge was very effective in silencing the officials and his high ranking opponents, it did not have the same effect on lower-ranking samurai. Ii Naosuke's 20-month dictatorial reign as
617:
was a policy binding Kyoto and Edo closer together to shore up the failing shogunate with the prestige of the imperial court. This policy was to be carried out by means of a marriage between the
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488:. An intelligent and capable politician Ii Naosuke was determined to restore the power of the bakufu in Japanese policy making, both in a domestic and a foreign role.
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217:. Ii Naosuke managed to coerce the Tokugawa shogunate to the last brief resurgence of its power and position in Japanese society before the start of the
213:
Under Ii Naosuke's guidance, the Tokugawa shogunate navigated past a particularly difficult conflict over the succession to the ailing and childless
555:. The bakufu supported such a young candidate because they felt that it would be easier for them to influence and control a young and inexperienced
543:, Ii was not prepared to accept strong leadership from outside the traditional forms of government. The bakufu, led by Ii, wanted the 12-year-old
501:
for their views in writing. However Ii faced a problem in the form of an obstructionist policy from members of the Hitotsubashi faction led by
780:
descendant of Naosuke, attended a memorial ceremony with the people of Fukui in reconciliation over the execution of Hashimoto Sanai in the
247:
of Hikone by his concubine. Since Naosuke was the 14th son, he was not in line for a prominent position and early in his life was sent to a
682:, Ii was attacked by a band of 17 young samurai loyalists from the Mito Province and cut down just in front of one of the gates of the
595:. During the rest of 1858 and into 1859 Naosuke purged over 100 officials from the bakufu, the imperial court and the lands of various
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In 1858 after Hotta Masayoshi's disastrous attempt to obtain the emperor's approval for the Harris treaty the Tokugawa
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535:, the members of the Hitotsubashi faction wanted to force Ii to support Hitotsubashi Keiki as the heir to the ailing
873:
Miyauchi, D. Y. (1970). "Yokoi Shōnan's Response to the Foreign Intervention in Late Tokugawa Japan, 1853–1862",
737:, even after death. Ii's assassins were later granted a general amnesty by the bakufu, a precedent later used by
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be opened for trade with foreigners Ii, like Hotta Masayoshi, refused to remain silent while shogunal advisor
899:
Hall, John Whitney. (1956). "The Motivation of Political Leadership in the Meiji Restoration, Yoshio Sakata",
480:
families) including Tokugawa Nariaki. As the Tairō Ii Naosuke had both prestige and power second only to the
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Gregorian calendar date of Saturday, March 24, 1860, is equivalent to the 3rd day, 3rd month of 7th year of
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Accounts of the dramatic event were sent via ship across the Pacific to San Francisco and then sped by
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In early 1859 Ii Naosuke's agent in the Imperial Court, Nagano Shuzen, approached him with the idea of
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as in Japan's best interests. In accordance with the protocol he asked the three house lords of the
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Ii Naosuke regarded the Harris treaty, which Hotta Masayoshi had negotiated with the American envoy
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2017:
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184:, Japan, a position he held from April 23, 1858, until his death, when he was assassinated in the
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548:
502:
181:
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Lamberti, Matthew. (1972). "Tokugawa Nariaki and The Japanese Imperial Institution: 1853–1858",
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1152:
992:
Walthall, Anne. (1995). "Off with their heads! The Hirata disciples and the Ashikaga shoguns,"
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s candidate, Tokugawa Yoshitomi who changed his name to Tokugawa Iemochi, as the 14th Tokugawa
82:
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288:. In 1853 Ii put forward a proposal concerning the Japanese negotiations with U.S. Commodore
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952:
Lee, Edwin. (1967). "The Kazunomiya marriage: Alliance between the court and the bakufu",
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The death of Tairō Ii Naosuke started a wave of loyalist terrorism across Japan, the poet
662:) – the location chosen by Ii Naosuke's assassins for their attack in Ansei 7 (March 1860)
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to American citizens. He was also an enthusiastic and accomplished practitioner of the
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22:
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and the bakufu first pretended that Ii was still alive and rendering service to the
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1885:
1507:
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in their effort to bring about the downfall of Abe Masahiro and replace him with
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1591:
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Ii became involved in national politics, rapidly rising to lead a coalition of
1951:
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1042:
414:
348:
94:
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Ii Naosuke was born on November 29, 1815, as the 14th son of Ii Naonaka, the
572:
who supported Hitotsubashi Keiki, the reformist candidate for the office of
1249:
271:
254:
243:
166:
654:
196:, granting access to ports for trade to American merchants and seamen and
2402:
1354:
1190:
694:
449:
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429:
294:
248:
176:
468:, they were unable to be members of the bakufu, but in the event of the
313:, leading them to strengthen their association with the Imperial court.
210:
style, and his writings include at least two works on the tea ceremony.
729:. Then they faked an illness and had him render his resignation to the
455:
47:
26:
860:
Beasley, W. G. (1984) "The Edo Experience and Japanese Nationalism",
171:
733:
before announcing his death. In this way Ii continued to serve the
786:
763:
653:
637:
517:
408:
512:
Ii was unwilling to sign the Harris treaty without approval from
1212:
436:-ku designated tangible cultural property (historical material)
139:
122:
591:
a shogunal decree passed which allowed him to conduct the
697:
temples in Japan; this in fact referred to his allowing
16:
Feudal lord and statesman in Tokugawa Japan (1815–1860)
1068:
Nihon shi omoshiro suiri: Nazo no satsujin jiken wo oe
972:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 22-3.
701:
to return to the region, building on earlier Japanese
281:
s advisors. His childhood name was Tetsunosuke (鉄之介).
188:
on March 24, 1860. He is most famous for signing the
2783:
2644:
2400:
2054:
2033:
1436:
1352:
1247:
1046:, "Fukui, Hikone 'reconcile' over 1859 beheading",
129:
109:
104:
88:
76:
58:
38:
1077:安政の大獄: 井伊直弼と長野主膳. Tokyo: Chūōkōron-shinsha 中央公論新社.
756:received the news about what had happened in Edo.
849:The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan
413:Portrait of Ii Naosuke, painted by his third son
1117:The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan, 1825–1995.
1070:日本史おもしろ推理: 謎の殺人事件を追え. Tokyo: Futami bunko 二見文庫.
941:The Pursuit of Power in Modern Japan, 1825–1995
262:domain, and took the family name of Ii. As the
1103:Kaikoku shimatsu: Ii Kamon no Kami Naosuke den
1087:Nakamura Katsumaro, Akimoto Shunkichi (1909).
1063:. (Tales of the Wars of the Gempei). Yokohama.
252:called back from the monastery and became the
157:
1224:
1075:Ansei no Taigoku: Ii Naosuke to Nagano Shuzen
301:appeased the anti-foreign party. Ii led the
8:
754:Japan's first diplomatic mission to the West
671:came to an abrupt end in the third month of
1231:
1217:
1209:
1146:
484:; Ii also enjoyed the full backing of the
162:, November 29, 1815 – March 24, 1860)
46:
35:
369:Ii Naoyasu (1851–1935) by Nishimura Sato
270:who were eligible for a position in the
814:
768:Statue of Ii Naosuke at the grounds of
748:across the American West. On June 12,
689:s Edo castle entering to meet with the
603:Kōbu gattai and the Kazunomiya marriage
1084:井伊直弼. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan 吉川弘文館.
2842:Politicians assassinated in the 1860s
1112:井伊直弼, 修養としての茶の湯. Tokyo: Sōbunsha 創文社.
1098:天皇の世紀. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha 朝日新聞社.
1059:Benneville, James Seguin de. (1910).
7:
1110:Ii Naosuke, shūyō toshite no chanoyu
1105:開國始末: 井伊掃部頭直弼傳. Tokyo: Yoronsha 輿論社.
328:Foster father: Ii Naoaki (1794–1850)
1066:Kusunoki Sei'ichirō 楠木誠一郎 (1991).
969:The Invention of Religion in Japan
888:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
621:and the Emperor's younger sister,
14:
2867:Assassinated Japanese politicians
2837:19th-century Japanese politicians
1142:photograph of Sakurada-mon (1902)
325:Mother: Otomi no Kata (1785–1819)
476:would be chosen from one of the
393:Ii Naoyuki (1858–1927) by Masako
366:Ii Naotomo (1849–1887) by Masako
309:. This alienated many reformist
1191:Tairō of the Tokugawa Shogunate
1094:Osaragi Jirō 大佛次郎 (1967–1974).
551:, to ascend to the position of
528:Due to the frail health of the
396:Tokiko married Aoyama Yukiyoshi
1025:"The Japanese in Philadelphia"
798:Ii is buried in the temple of
322:Father: Ii Naonaka (1766–1831)
1:
1089:Lord Ii Naosuké and New Japan
266:of Hikone, Ii was one of the
221:. Ii was assassinated in the
1115:Tsuzuki, Chushichi. (2000).
1108:Tanimura Reiko 谷村玲子 (2001).
1101:Shimada Saburō 島田三郎 (1888).
1080:Mori Yoshikazu 母利美和 (2006).
1073:Matsuoka Hideo 松岡英夫 (2001).
956:, Vol. 22, Nos. 3–4, p. 290.
939:Tsuzuki, Chushichi. (2000).
901:The Journal of Asian Studies
658:Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (
642:Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (
360:Chiyoko (1846–1927) married
447:chose Ii Naosuke to be the
233:samurai on March 24, 1860.
2898:
20:
1197:
1187:
1179:
1169:
1157:
1149:
966:Josephson, Jason (2012).
864:, Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 562.
158:
146:
100:
65:
54:
45:
2872:People murdered in Japan
1091:. Yokohama: Japan Times.
1061:Saitō Mussashi-bō Benkei
903:, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 41.
877:, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 271.
834:McClain, James L. 2002.
472:dying heirless the next
331:Wife: Masako (1834–1885)
1140:National Diet Library:
1121:Oxford University Press
996:Vol. 50, No. 2, p. 143.
847:Beasley, W. G. (1999),
836:Japan: A Modern History
2764:(1864–1865, 1865–1867)
2728:(1839–1841, 1855–1856)
1966:(1864–1865, 1866–1868)
1912:(1862–1864, 1865–1868)
1882:(1747–1764, 1765–1767)
1702:(1697–1705, 1709–1710)
1636:(1665–1668, 1670–1673)
1411:Ii Naoyuki (1784–1787)
1402:(1696–1700, 1711–1714)
851:, Orion House, p. 192.
795:
772:
663:
651:
634:Death and consequences
437:
790:
767:
657:
641:
412:
274:, the council of the
202:Japanese tea ceremony
174:(1850–1860) and also
2882:1860 murders in Asia
2877:Japanese tea masters
2799:Matsudaira Yoshinaga
2307:Matsudaira Muneakira
2145:Matsudaira Tadachika
2133:Matsudaira Nobutsune
1856:Matsudaira Takechika
1778:Matsudaira Tadachika
1748:Matsudaira Nobutsune
1586:Matsudaira Nobutsuna
1406:Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu
994:Monumenta Nipponica,
875:Modern Asian Studies
862:Modern Asian Studies
680:Sakuradamon incident
675:7 (March 24, 1860).
646:) – photographed by
362:Matsudaira Yoritoshi
223:Sakuradamon incident
186:Sakuradamon Incident
2862:People of Bakumatsu
2805:Matsudaira Katamori
2793:Matsudaira Katamori
2756:Matsudaira Yasuhide
2720:Sakakibara Tadayuki
2373:Matsudaira Munehide
2319:Matsudaira Nobuyori
2283:Matsudaira Norihiro
2181:Matsudaira Terutaka
2169:Matsudaira Sukekuni
2127:Ogasawara Nagashige
1994:Matsudaira Norikata
1982:Matsudaira Yasuhide
1970:Matsudaira Munehide
1868:Matsudaira Terutaka
1832:Matsudaira Norikata
1802:Matsudaira Terusada
1796:Matsudaira Nobutoki
1772:Matsudaira Norisato
1700:Ogasawara Nagashige
1688:Matsudaira Nobuyuki
1610:Matsudaira Norinaga
1574:Morikawa Shigetoshi
954:Monumenta Nipponica
623:Princess Kazunomiya
198:extraterritoriality
2391:Matsudaira Sadaaki
2121:Matsudaira Nobuoki
2073:Itakura Katsushige
2024:Tachibana Taneyuki
2006:Matsudaira Sadaaki
1241:Tokugawa shogunate
1052:, October 8, 2009.
1029:The New York Times
890:, Vol. 32, p. 109.
796:
773:
750:The New York Times
664:
652:
549:Tokugawa Yoshitomi
503:Hitotsubashi Keiki
438:
182:Tokugawa shogunate
2814:
2813:
2678:Kagazume Tadazumi
2666:Akiyama Masashige
2295:Matsudaira Yasutō
2085:Itakura Shigenori
2079:Makino Chikashige
2067:Okudaira Nobumasa
1946:Matsumae Takahiro
1910:Itakura Katsukiyo
1670:Itakura Shigetane
1634:Itakura Shigenori
1239:Officials of the
1207:
1206:
1198:Succeeded by
1170:Succeeded by
1014:Walthall, p. 166.
1005:Walthall, p. 149.
930:Lamberti, p. 119.
921:Lamberti, p. 118.
912:Lamberti, p. 117.
351:by Nishimura Sato
225:by a group of 17
170:(feudal lord) of
150:
149:
120:November 29, 1815
2889:
2785:Kyoto Shugoshoku
2768:Yamaoka Takayuki
2744:Tsutsui Masanori
2702:Nakayama Naomori
2355:Wakisaka Yasuori
2163:Makino Sadamichi
2151:Makino Hideshige
2109:Tsuchiya Masanao
1880:Akimoto Sumitomo
1706:Akimoto Takatomo
1694:Tsuchiya Masanao
1640:Tsuchiya Kazunao
1532:Aoyama Tadatoshi
1496:Aoyama Narishige
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1180:Preceded by
1150:Preceded by
1147:
1053:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1031:. June 12, 1860.
1021:
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739:Yamagata Aritomo
710:Tsunada Tadayuki
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2732:Tōyama Kagemoto
2726:Atobe Yoshisuke
2714:Shōda Yasutoshi
2708:Sengoku Hisanao
2684:Nakane Masamori
2672:Inoue Masashige
2660:Mizuno Morinobu
2640:
2396:
2379:Makino Tadayuki
2349:Naitō Nobuchika
2337:Makino Tadamasa
2331:Manabe Akikatsu
2301:Mizuno Tadakuni
2253:Aoyama Tadayasu
2241:Makino Tadakiyo
2217:Makino Sadanaga
2187:Inoue Masatsune
2175:Sakai Tadamochi
2139:Mizuno Tadayuki
2115:Naitō Shigeyori
2103:Inaba Masamichi
2050:
2029:
2012:Ōkōchi Masatada
1988:Mizuno Tadanobu
1940:Makino Tadayuki
1934:Arima Michizumi
1928:Sakai Tadashige
1922:Mizuno Tadakiyo
1874:Inoue Masatsune
1850:Honda Masayoshi
1784:Ōkubo Tsuneharu
1760:Mizuno Tadayuki
1712:Inaba Masamichi
1658:Hotta Masatoshi
1580:Aoyama Yukinari
1568:Sakai Tadakatsu
1562:Naitō Tadashige
1556:Inaba Masakatsu
1526:Naitō Kiyotsugu
1502:Sakai Tadatoshi
1490:Aoyama Tadanari
1466:Naruse Masanari
1448:Ōkubo Tadachika
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1376:Sakai Tadakatsu
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533:Tokugawa Iesada
493:Townsend Harris
464:related to the
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419:Echigo Province
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2577:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2509:Kinzan-bugyō
2507:
2499:
2492:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2453:Gusoku-bugyō
2451:
2445:Gunkan-bugyō
2443:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2411:
2401:
2313:Ōta Sukemoto
2193:Abe Masasuke
2057:
2034:
2018:Sakai Tadatō
2000:Inaba Masami
1886:Abe Masahiro
1736:Abe Masataka
1682:Abe Masatake
1508:Sakai Tadayo
1437:
1420:
1364:Sakai Tadayo
1353:
1248:
1188:
1158:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
993:
988:
968:
961:
953:
948:
940:
935:
926:
917:
908:
900:
895:
887:
882:
874:
869:
861:
856:
848:
843:
835:
830:
822:
817:
797:
778:
774:
749:
746:Pony Express
743:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
707:
699:Christianity
690:
683:
677:
672:
668:
665:
660:Sakurada-mon
659:
648:Felice Beato
644:Sakurada-mon
643:
626:
618:
614:
608:
606:
596:
589:
584:
578:fudai daimyō
577:
573:
569:
564:
561:
556:
552:
544:
540:
536:
529:
527:
521:
511:
496:
490:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
454:
448:
441:
439:
422:Yoita Domain
403:
337:Senda Shizue
334:Concubines:
310:
302:
299:Abe Masahiro
293:the port of
285:
283:
275:
267:
263:
259:
253:
242:
240:
219:Meiji period
212:
206:
175:
165:
152:
151:
135:(1860-03-24)
90:Succeeded by
67:
30:
18:
2832:1860 deaths
2827:1815 births
2807:(1864–1867)
2795:(1862–1864)
2746:(1854–1857)
2722:(1836–1837)
2716:(1699–1701)
2710:(1695–1719)
2692:(1655–1670)
2680:(1640–1650)
2674:(1632–1658)
2662:(1632–1636)
2656:(1632–1636)
2605:(post-1632)
2572:machi-bugyō
2532:Machi-bugyō
2517:machi-bugyō
2504:(post-1787)
2501:Kanjō-bugyō
2496:(post-1859)
2485:Jisha-bugyō
2480:(post-1864)
2471:(post-1853)
2448:(post-1859)
2440:(post-1858)
2422:machi-bugyō
2416:(post-1863)
2393:(1864–1867)
2387:(1863–1864)
2381:(1862–1863)
2369:(1858–1862)
2363:(1857–1858)
2357:(1851–1857)
2351:(1850–1851)
2345:(1843–1850)
2339:(1840–1843)
2333:(1838–1840)
2327:(1837–1838)
2321:(1834–1837)
2315:(1832–1834)
2309:(1828–1832)
2303:(1826–1828)
2297:(1825–1826)
2291:(1823–1825)
2285:(1818–1823)
2279:(1815–1818)
2273:(1808–1815)
2267:(1806–1808)
2261:(1804–1806)
2255:(1802–1804)
2249:(1801–1802)
2243:(1798–1801)
2237:(1792–1798)
2231:(1789–1782)
2225:(1784–1789)
2223:Toda Tadatō
2219:(1781–1784)
2213:(1777–1781)
2207:(1769–1777)
2201:(1764–1768)
2195:(1760–1764)
2189:(1758–1760)
2183:(1756–1758)
2177:(1752–1756)
2171:(1749–1752)
2165:(1742–1749)
2159:{1734–1742)
2153:(1724–1734)
2147:(1717–1724)
2141:(1714–1717)
2135:(1697–1714)
2129:(1691–1697)
2123:(1690–1691)
2117:(1687–1690)
2111:(1685–1687)
2105:(1681–1685)
2099:(1678–1681)
2093:(1670–1678)
2087:(1668–1670)
2081:(1654–1668)
2075:(1601–1619)
2069:(1600–1601)
2047:(1867–1868)
2020:(1867–1868)
2014:(1867–1868)
2002:(1866–1868)
1996:(1866–1868)
1984:(1865–1868)
1978:(1865–1867)
1972:(1864–1866)
1960:(1864–1865)
1954:(1864–1865)
1948:(1864–1865)
1942:(1863–1865)
1936:(1863–1864)
1930:(1863–1864)
1924:(1862–1866)
1918:(1862–1864)
1906:(1860–1862)
1900:(1840–1843)
1894:(1838–1844)
1888:(1837-1857)
1876:(1760–1763)
1870:(1758–1781)
1864:(1749–1764)
1858:(1746–1779)
1852:(1746–1758)
1846:(1746–1760)
1840:(1745–1761)
1834:(1745–1746)
1828:(1744–1749)
1822:(1742–1744)
1816:(1734–1746)
1810:(1732–1735)
1804:(1730–1745)
1798:(1730–1744)
1792:(1728–1735)
1780:(1724–1728)
1774:(1723–1745)
1768:(1722–1732)
1762:(1717–1730)
1756:(1714–1729)
1750:(1714–1716)
1744:(1713–1720)
1738:(1711–1717)
1732:(1705–1722)
1726:(1705–1713)
1720:(1704–1711)
1714:(1701–1707)
1708:(1699–1707)
1696:(1687–1718)
1690:(1685–1686)
1684:(1681–1704)
1678:(1681–1699)
1672:(1680–1681)
1666:(1679–1681)
1660:(1679–1681)
1654:(1677–1698)
1648:(1673–1676)
1642:(1665–1679)
1630:(1663–1679)
1624:(1657–1681)
1618:(1653–1666)
1612:(1642–1654)
1606:(1638–1651)
1600:(1635–1651)
1594:(1633–1666)
1592:Abe Tadaaki
1588:(1632–1662)
1582:(1628–1633)
1576:(1628–1632)
1570:(1624–1638)
1564:(1623–1633)
1558:(1623–1634)
1552:(1623–1626)
1546:(1622–1633)
1540:(1617–1628)
1534:(1616–1623)
1528:(1616–1617)
1522:(1611–1621)
1516:(1610–1638)
1510:(1610–1634)
1504:(1609–1627)
1498:(1608–1613)
1492:(1601–1606)
1486:(1601–1606)
1480:(1600–1622)
1474:(1600–1616)
1468:(1600–1616)
1462:(1600–1615)
1456:(1600–1613)
1450:(1593–1614)
1423:(1858–1860)
1417:(1835–1841)
1408:(1706–1709)
1396:(1681–1684)
1390:(1668–1676)
1384:(1666–1680)
1378:(1638–1656)
1372:(1638–1644)
1345:(1867–1868)
1339:(1858–1866)
1333:(1853–1858)
1327:(1837–1853)
1321:(1787–1837)
1315:(1760–1786)
1309:(1745–1760)
1303:(1716–1745)
1297:(1713–1716)
1291:(1709–1712)
1285:(1680–1709)
1279:(1651–1680)
1273:(1623–1651)
1267:(1605–1623)
1261:(1603–1605)
1049:Japan Times
825:(安政七年三月三日).
782:Ansei Purge
705:discourse.
650:, 1863–1870
627:kōbu gattai
615:Kōbu gattai
610:kōbu gattai
593:Ansei Purge
424:10th lord)
78:Preceded by
2821:Categories
2740:1853–1855)
2668:1632–1640)
2579:Rōya-bugyō
2413:Bugu-bugyō
1952:Abe Masato
1421:Ii Naosuke
1388:Ii Naozumi
1283:Tsunayoshi
1195:1858–1860
1173:Ii Naonori
1167:1846–1860
1082:Ii Naosuke
1043:Kyodo News
810:References
505:'s father
415:Ii Naoyasu
349:Ii Naonori
345:Children:
237:Early life
207:Sekishūryū
153:Ii Naosuke
116:1815-11-29
95:Ii Naonori
40:Ii Naosuke
2538:Nagasaki
2491:Kanagawa
2058:shoshidai
1415:Ii Naoaki
1400:Ii Naooki
1343:Yoshinobu
1301:Yoshimune
1183:Ii Naoaki
1153:Ii Naoaki
838:, p. 119.
800:Gōtoku-ji
792:Gōtoku-ji
204:, in the
192:with the
83:Ii Naoaki
72:1858–1860
68:In office
2646:Ōmetsuke
2609:Shimoda
2546:Niigata
2428:Fushimi
1265:Hidetada
1119:Oxford:
943:, p. 44.
695:Buddhist
547:of Kii,
498:gosankyō
434:Setagaya
430:Setagaya
426:Gotokuji
390:daughter
381:daughter
378:Manchiyo
372:daughter
354:daughter
295:Nagasaki
249:Buddhist
21:In this
2857:Ii clan
2633:Yamada
2466:Haneda
1337:Iemochi
1325:Ieyoshi
1307:Ieshige
1295:Ietsugu
1277:Ietsuna
1271:Iemitsu
678:In the
597:daimyōs
570:daimyōs
541:daimyōs
522:daimyōs
478:shinpan
462:daimyōs
458:daimyōs
456:shinpan
387:Michiyo
311:daimyōs
286:daimyōs
268:daimyōs
231:Satsuma
180:of the
142:, Japan
125:, Japan
27:surname
2801:(1864)
2776:(1868)
2770:(1868)
2758:(1864)
2752:(1862)
2734:(1844)
2704:(1684)
2698:(1670)
2686:(1650)
2625:Uraga
2617:Sunpu
2593:Sakai
2570:Osaka
2562:Osaka
2554:Nikkō
2515:Kyoto
2475:Hyōgo
2375:(1862)
2056:Kyoto
2026:(1868)
2008:(1867)
1990:(1866)
1786:(1728)
1429:(1865)
1366:(1636)
1331:Iesada
1319:Ienari
1313:Ieharu
1289:Ienobu
1259:Ieyasu
1250:Shōgun
1127:
976:
760:Legacy
735:shōgun
731:shōgun
727:shōgun
723:shōgun
718:shōgun
691:shōgun
684:shōgun
619:shōgun
585:shōgun
574:shōgun
557:shōgun
553:shōgun
545:daimyō
537:shōgun
530:shōgun
482:shōgun
474:shōgun
470:shōgun
466:shōgun
442:shōgun
317:Family
276:shōgun
272:bakufu
264:daimyō
255:daimyō
244:daimyō
229:and 1
172:Hikone
167:daimyō
164:was a
25:, the
2852:Tairō
2635:bugyō
2627:bugyō
2619:jōdai
2611:bugyō
2595:bugyō
2587:bugyō
2585:Sado
2564:jōdai
2556:bugyō
2548:bugyō
2540:bugyō
2525:bugyō
2523:Nara
2493:bugyō
2477:bugyō
2468:bugyō
2430:bugyō
2403:Bugyō
1355:Tairō
1189:12th
1164:(Ii)
1159:15th
823:Ansei
802:, in
687:'
673:Ansei
669:tairō
581:'
518:Kyoto
450:Tairō
404:Tairō
279:'
260:fudai
177:Tairō
159:井伊 直弼
2420:Edo
1439:Rōjū
1125:ISBN
974:ISBN
716:The
227:Mito
130:Died
110:Born
516:in
384:son
375:son
357:Son
140:Edo
123:Edo
29:is
2823::
1123:.
1027:.
806:.
784:.
613:.
587:.
559:.
509:.
417:.
31:Ii
1232:e
1225:t
1218:v
982:.
460:(
428:(
156:(
118:)
114:(
33:.
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