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in
January 1928, in which they stole camels and sheep. On both occasions, though they raided brutally, they suffered heavy retaliations from the RAF and Kuwaitis. The Ikhwan were eventually defeated by Ibn Saud's regular forces and their leadership slain. The remnants were incorporated into regular
577:
as a tool of territorial expansion, advanced northwards and westwards and arrived at the undemarcated borders of
Transjordan in the summer of 1922. The Ikhwan were a cross-tribal striking force, whose religious fervour combined with the support of the King proved too strong a military challenge for
568:
in 1921 and 1923, respectively. They also played a crucial role in the major invasions by the
Wahhabi tribesmen of Najd (the Ikhwan). While Transjordan experienced internal stability during 1922–1923, a new external threat emerged from the southeast of the country. The Wahhabi
578:
the
Arabian tribes. The Wahhabi threat brought forward a merger of interests between the nomadic tribes within Transjordan and the Transjordanian government, and for the first time since its establishment the latter was in a more balanced position vis-à-vis these tribes.
594:, approximately 12 miles south of Amman. In a two-day battle, the tribesmen of the Hadid tribe alongside the remnants of the Bani Sakhr managed to defeat the raiders. The raiders were intercepted by British armored cars and planes only after they had begun to withdraw.
556:, the British hoped to secure Transjordan and Iraq as Hashemite kingdoms, and did put a significant effort into securing them from external and internal threats. The military assistance of the British to Emir
314:
307:
300:
341:
702:
474:
405:
540:. The British military force was the primary obstacle against the Ikhwan, and ultimately helped Abdullah to secure his rule over Transjordan.
528:'s position in Transjordan. The emir was powerless to repel these raids by himself, thus the British maintained a military base, with a small
827:
707:
622:. Fifteen kilometers south of Amman, the raiders engaged again with the villages of the Bani Sakhr, but were attacked by the British
948:
868:
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626:(RAF). The Ikhwan army suffered heavy casualties, with the death toll reaching 500. The raided villages suffered 130 dead.
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28:
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initiated their first attack on
Transjordan by massacring the inhabitants of two villages belonging to the tribe of
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incursions from Najd into southern parts of his territory were the most serious threat to Emir
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in the Nejd–Hejaz War of 1919, and a failure to establish a
Hashemite domain over the
902:
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774:. University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. PhD Thesis: pp. 217–218. May 1985.
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militia force, numbering some 4,500 raiders, travelled 1,600 kilometers from
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The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State
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The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State
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The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State
652:. The Ikhwanis raided southern Iraq in November 1927 and
822:. 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU: I.B.Tauris. p. 52.
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798:
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772:British Relations with Trans-Jordan, 1920–1930
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8:
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703:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
16:1922–1924 armed conflict in the Middle East
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282:Population of two small villages massacred
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560:helped to suppress a local rebellion at
857:Joab B. Eilon, Yoav Alon (2007-04-15).
718:
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276:130 tribesmen killed or wounded (1924)
7:
644:raids occurred during the 1927–1930
520:between 1922 and 1924. The repeated
406:Second Saudi-Rashidi War (1915–1918)
708:List of wars involving Saudi Arabia
342:First Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)
260:3,000–4,000 or 4,500 camel raiders
14:
889:Peter W. Wilson, Douglas Graham.
786:Peter W. Wilson, Douglas Graham.
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504:were a series of attacks by the
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891:Saudi Arabia: the coming storm
788:Saudi Arabia: The Coming Storm
731:Eilon, J.B.; Alon, Y. (2007).
1:
790:. M. E. Sharpe, 1994: p. 143.
806:The modern history of Jordan
737:. I. B. Tauris. p. 56.
698:Saudi Arabian National Guard
573:movement, supported by King
241:Minwer Shtewi Al-Hadid
893:. M. E. Sharpe, 1994: p.45.
502:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
327:Unification of Saudi Arabia
29:Unification of Saudi Arabia
22:Ikhwan raids on Transjordan
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648:against the authority of
602:In August 1924, a larger
564:and a later rebellion by
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63:Transjordanian victory;
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949:Saudi Arabian war crimes
842:: CS1 maint: location (
548:With the defeat of the
75:The Ikhwan takeover of
693:Uqair Protocol of 1922
688:Kuwait-Najd Border War
518:Emirate of Transjordan
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195:Commanders and leaders
52:Emirate of Transjordan
770:Noel Joseph Guckian.
634:Further information:
495:
475:Official proclamation
268:Casualties and losses
65:Ikhwan raids repelled
620:British protectorate
558:Abdullah I of Jordan
286:Total killed: ~1,500
258:1,500 raiders (1922)
939:1924 in Transjordan
934:1923 in Transjordan
929:1922 in Transjordan
818:Alon, Yoav (2007).
498:
496:Ikhwan on the move
273:500+ killed (1924)
924:Conflicts in 1924
919:Conflicts in 1923
914:Conflicts in 1922
829:978-1-84885-013-2
804:Salibi, Kamal S.
598:Second major raid
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748:. Retrieved
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612:Saudi Arabia
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508:, irregular
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91:Belligerents
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27:Part of the
616:Transjordan
536:, close to
455:Transjordan
431: [
392: [
141:Bani Sakher
129:Transjordan
81:Wadi Sirhan
70:Territorial
903:Categories
876:2016-05-20
750:2015-05-14
714:References
592:Bani Sakhr
550:Hashemites
544:Background
526:Abdullah I
465:2nd Kuwait
450:1st Kuwait
231:Abdullah I
151:Bani Hasan
838:cite book
808:. p. 104.
630:Aftermath
530:air force
516:, on the
423:al-Khurma
382:Tarafiyah
42:1922–1924
661:See also
650:Ibn Saud
575:Ibn Saud
372:Shinanah
362:Buraidah
253:Strength
162:Support:
110:'Utaybah
47:Location
522:Wahhabi
440:Hurmula
401:al-Hasa
357:Unaizah
263:Unknown
245:†
77:Al-Jawf
72:changes
944:Ikhwan
867:
826:
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654:Kuwait
642:Ikhwan
640:Other
604:Ikhwan
588:Ikhwan
571:Ikhwan
506:Ikhwan
418:Kanzan
411:Jarrab
347:Riyadh
184:
145:Ajarma
126:
113:Mutayr
105:Ikhwan
59:Result
538:Amman
534:Marka
532:, at
480:Yemen
460:Hejaz
445:Ha'il
435:]
428:Hajla
396:]
389:Hadia
352:Dilam
157:Hadid
148:Abbad
136:Adwan
865:ISBN
844:link
824:ISBN
739:ISBN
618:, a
608:Najd
586:The
562:Kura
514:Najd
500:The
79:and
39:Date
512:of
905::
840:}}
836:{{
795:^
779:^
759:^
721:^
433:ar
394:ar
879:.
846:)
832:.
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316:e
309:t
302:v
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