204:), described courtesans (the beautiful but fleeting flowers) and geisha (the resilient willow, often bending in fierce weather but never snapping) as contrasting elements, with geisha embodying loyalty to their patrons. This concept came to embody geisha so entirely that rival political factions often patronised entirely different geisha quarters, with the geisha of each staying loyal to their customers. Geisha, alongside rogue warriors, also became the common subject of many kabuki plays revolving around duty versus one's own feelings.
1144:
128:
By too flagrant a display of his affluence, a townsman ran the risk of having his wealth confiscated. A merchant's home therefore was likely to have had an unassuming exterior, yet to have been full of treasures. He might have worn a sober, plain wool kimono – with an exquisite silk lining. Opulence
104:
by those officially lower in the social hierarchy as a way of preserving the status of the upper classes; this included edicts of dress preventing the lower classes from visibly appearing to be above their social class. Though dress edicts had little impact on much of the working classes, who had
266:
also encompasses ideals of spontaneity and originality, with it being considered stylish to appear spontaneous and carefree, even if the efforts undertaken to appear as such happen to be considerably involved; a lack of self-consciousness, and being considered naturally, casually chic are core
237:
is commonly used in both conversation and writing, having had a lasting effect on the development and continuation of
Japanese aesthetics in the modern day, despite not necessarily being considered exclusive of other categories of Japanese aesthetic concepts and ideals, such as
105:
little access to wealth allowing them to purchase new and expensive silk kimono, the merchant classes – socially impoverished but monetarily powerful – were directly hit by these laws, as changes had, over time, led them to control much of Japan's economy.
1851:
143:, with the former having to display wealth with no subtlety as a form of social dominance, and the latter having no access to any kind of opulence, and no choice to appear as anything but impoverished.
2154:
3404:
152:, typically through ideals of a clear, stylish manner and blunt, unwavering directness, regardless of circumstance, heartbreak or individual feeling; stories of rogue warriors choosing duty (
875:
182:, not just for their contrasting and subdued appearance in the face of flashier courtesans, but for their reputation as unwaveringly loyal; a popular name for the pleasure quarters, the
46:
ideal of subdued displays of taste and/or wealth, with an emphasis on belying, on first glance, the efforts taken to appear stylish. It is thought to have originated amongst the
114:
as an expression of the now-underground nature of the merchant classes' wealth; to obey the law was too safe, and to blatantly flout it too dangerous, leading to the rise of
2139:
311:(1899–1972) is considered, through his more poetic style focusing on the interior "complex" of his characters, to be more closely aligned with the aesthetic ideal of
2191:
2149:
2144:
2134:
868:
297:
is not used to describe natural phenomena, but may be expressed in an appreciation of natural beauty, or of nature of human beings. The writings of author
3359:
2667:
861:
761:
2126:
352:
can be said to reference a highly cultivated (but not necessarily solemn) sensibility, or a refined understanding of a particular matter.
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2184:
441:
sensibility resists being construed within the context of overly specific rules about what could be considered as vulgar or uncouth.
802:
787:
737:
729:
710:
689:
254:
is considered to be an expression of carefully calculated simplicity, the ideal being that a mundane appearance would be considered
3288:
2034:
65:, subverting class through an expression of material wealth that formed an aesthetic language specifically aimed at one's peers.
3389:
2064:
2367:
2177:
1289:
1087:
779:
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2233:
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2039:
1980:
1325:
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3330:
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2261:
721:
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sometimes involves excessive obsession and cultural (but not academic) pedantry, and in this case, it differs from
3247:
2344:
2224:
1103:
928:
753:
561:
but not identical, reflecting various regional differences. The contexts of their usages are also different.
3071:
808:
420:
can also refer to situations/objects. In both ideals, the property of refinement is not academic in nature.
1437:
215:
146:
Despite this, individual warriors considered to be upper class came to be depicted commonly as embodying
3320:
3255:
2888:
2487:
2384:
1513:
885:
3325:
2832:
2087:
2080:
1712:
1418:
1305:
941:
20:
718:
The
Structure of Detachment: the Aesthetic Vision of Kuki Shūzō with a translation of "Iki no kōzō."
3022:
2677:
2617:
2554:
2510:
2044:
1479:
1222:
993:
681:
765:
3265:
2694:
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1617:
1312:
86:, amongst other cultural aspects, are thought to have been influenced by and developed through
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in the context of the viewer's understanding of the effort undertaken to achieve the result.
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1412:
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1110:
1062:
1048:
1016:
961:
829:"An Aesthetics of Everyday Life: Modernism and a Japanese popular aesthetic ideal, Iki"
622:
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1272:
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1041:
975:
921:
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629:
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is used, for example, in knowing how to properly appreciate (eat) Japanese cuisines (
101:
68:
Sometimes misunderstood in the West as the archetypal or stereotypical aesthetics of
853:
100:
During the Edo period, a number of edicts were passed by the ruling samurai classes
78:
is instead a cornerstone of traditional
Japanese aesthetic appeal and thought. Both
3335:
2682:
2094:
2010:
968:
615:
2536:
1350:
828:
747:
3340:
3226:
3136:
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1492:
1458:
1375:
1343:
1319:
914:
43:
3124:
2939:
2861:
2722:
2442:
2017:
1989:
1955:
1941:
1624:
121:
69:
59:
2921:
2705:
1969:
3345:
3274:
3163:
2994:
2879:
2599:
2433:
2424:
2335:
2108:
2003:
1763:
1691:
1506:
1486:
1176:
241:
1631:
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811:. (1997) 'Iki, Style, Trace: Shuzo Kuki and the Spirit of Hermeneutics' in
47:
741:
3364:
3302:
3199:
3145:
2971:
2731:
2469:
2358:
2101:
1923:
1881:
1860:
1812:
1798:
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1756:
1749:
1731:
1659:
1645:
1638:
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1548:
1527:
1520:
1465:
1388:
1298:
521:
289:
may exhibit traits of other aesthetics in a direct and unabashed manner.
697:. (1982). "A Dialogue on Language: between a Japanese and an Inquirer."
133:
In this way, both the samurai and lower working classes were considered
3350:
3293:
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2812:
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1962:
1948:
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1805:
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935:
382:
is more focused in knowledge, it may be considered superficial from an
363:
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through their clear and unflinching writing style. In contrast, author
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may be considered the antithesis of other
Japanese aesthetics such as
3099:
3037:
3013:
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2590:
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2545:
2349:
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1472:
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280:
173:
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83:
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16:
Japanese aesthetical ideal of subdued expressions of taste and wealth
3154:
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1908:
1902:
1888:
1826:
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1451:
1278:
1259:
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954:
572:
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359:
213:
became widespread in modern intellectual circles through the book
62:
55:
2989:
2608:
2413:
2115:
1996:
1840:
1770:
618:; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,
461:
454:
367:
134:
2173:
857:
376:
can be transferred from person to person in form of "tips." As
51:
124:
and a neo-hierarchy within a specific societal peer group.
795:
Yoshiwara: The
Glittering World of the Japanese Courtesan.
170:, a form of theatre popular within the merchant classes.
661:
Geisha: A Unique World of
Tradition, Elegance, and Art.
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3275:
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846:
832:
678:
Geisha: A Unique World of
Tradition, Elegance, and Art
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160:) over often pained and tormented personal feelings (
3405:
Words and phrases with no direct
English translation
3246:
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2053:
2027:
1979:
1933:
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1086:
992:
985:
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92:, and remain largely influenced by it to this day.
408:are considered synonymous in some situations, but
746:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).
482:
459:
336:
26:
815:Vol. 47, Nr. 4, October 1997, p. 554-580.
642:
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544:
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35:
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8:
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1160:
989:
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876:
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772:Authenticating Culture in Imperial Japan:
623:Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
370:etc.), or in judging the quality of wine.
323:is strongly tied to stylistic tendencies.
102:restricting expressions of material wealth
19:"Tsū" redirects here. For other uses, see
3360:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
797:Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
586:
394:cannot be easily attained by learning.
414:exclusively refers to persons, while
7:
776:and the Rise of National Aesthetics.
596:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "
129:was channeled into subtle details.
14:
317:, displaying that the concept of
301:(born 1949) are considered to be
2035:Architectural Institute of Japan
1142:
432:, which will not be obsessive.
2065:Groups of Traditional Buildings
793:Seigle, Cecila Segawa. (1993).
108:This led to the development of
2368:Light skin in Japanese culture
780:University of California Press
1:
2234:Blood type personality theory
2200:Japanese social concepts and
2040:Japan Institute of Architects
650:. Vintage Random House, 2000.
267:concepts of being considered
3284:Japanese blue collar workers
166:) became popular stories in
3366:
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3313:
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3295:
3276:
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3015:
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2416:
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2319:
2310:
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2268:
2249:
2226:
2217:
847:
833:
831:—A modern approach towards
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557:
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540:is also represented by the
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199:the flower and willow world
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116:
110:
88:
74:
27:
3421:
3400:Japanese words and phrases
1140:
722:University of Hawaii Press
452:
40:, roughly "chic, stylish")
18:
2790:
2345:Japanese political values
2060:
826:(In English and Japanese)
676:Gallagher, John. (2003).
545:
490:
469:
346:
36:
813:Philosophy East and West
809:Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten
770:Pincus, Leslie. (1996).
754:Harvard University Press
335:The indefinite ideal of
176:also came to be seen as
3289:Japanese business terms
3261:Business card etiquette
3072:Japanese street fashion
716:Nara, Hiroshi. (2004).
273:. Though the nature of
3390:Concepts in aesthetics
1406:Structural and spatial
699:On The Way to Language
131:
3321:Labor unions in Japan
886:Japanese architecture
845:—A classic theory of
388:point of view, since
126:
2209:Sociocultural values
942:Imperial Crown Style
502:", is synonymous to
216:The Structure of Iki
21:TSU (disambiguation)
3395:Japanese aesthetics
3326:Lifetime employment
2678:Japanese honorifics
2045:Metabolist Movement
749:Japan encyclopedia.
682:Sterling Publishing
528:area, the ideal of
3331:Management culture
2751:Sitting positions
2127:National Treasures
1942:Chōzuya (Temizuya)
609:Japan Encyclopedia
475:is the antonym of
3377:
3376:
3242:
3241:
2287:Hara hachi bun me
2257:Celibacy syndrome
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
1501:Nightingale floor
1425:Disordered piling
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1157:Types of building
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
762:978-0-674-01753-5
701:. San Francisco:
695:Heidegger, Martin
496:, literally "non-
309:Kawabata Yasunari
120:as both a visual
3412:
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3316:
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3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3067:
3047:
3045:Yamato nadeshiko
3033:
3027:
3018:
3004:Net cafe refugee
2999:
2985:
2976:
2967:
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2808:
2799:
2788:
2768:
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2747:
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2688:
2673:Honorific speech
2668:Dining etiquette
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2647:
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2155:Other structures
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1219:
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878:
871:
864:
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841:
836:
827:
703:Harper & Row
664:
659:Gallaher, John.
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70:Japanese culture
48:merchant classes
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3009:Parasite single
2919:
2784:Types of people
2779:
2773:Other positions
2703:
2652:Bowing in Japan
2635:
2626:
2505:
2499:Yamato-damashii
2239:Brother complex
2204:
2198:
2168:
2159:
2121:
2077:Japanese garden
2049:
2023:
1975:
1934:Outdoor objects
1929:
1846:
1737:
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671:Further reading
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549:. The sense of
518:
487:
466:
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451:
343:
333:
299:Murakami Haruki
229:
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192:
98:
33:
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5:
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843:九鬼周造『「いき」の構造』
840:(In Japanese)
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803:0-8248-1488-6
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788:0-520-20134-5
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766:OCLC 58053128
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646:Dalby, Liza.
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3336:Nenko system
3248:Work culture
3038:Yakuza ranks
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2699:
2636:social norms
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2016:
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1981:Measurements
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884:Elements of
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54:(modern-day
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25:
3341:Office lady
3139:Netto-uyoku
3056:Subcultures
2983:Kyōiku mama
2920: [
2704: [
2695:Gift-giving
1742:Furnishings
1369:Roof styles
752:Cambridge:
44:aesthetical
3384:Categories
3314:Kyariaūman
3077:Genderless
2942:Hikikomori
2725:Giri choco
2511:Aesthetics
2445:Omotenashi
2140:Residences
2081:rock (Zen)
1852:Partitions
1586:Approaches
1097:Daibutsuyō
1035:Ishi-no-ma
778:Berkeley:
774:Kuki Shūzō
720:Honolulu:
581:References
221:Kuki Shūzō
219:(1930) by
122:dogwhistle
60:Edo period
3346:Salaryman
3277:Ho-Ren-Sō
3166:Akiba-kei
2997:Otokonoko
2882:Burakumin
2632:Etiquette
2602:Wabi-sabi
2539:Jo-ha-kyū
2436:Nemawashi
2427:Mottainai
2338:Isagiyosa
2109:Wabi-sabi
1956:Ishigantō
1764:Emakimono
1699:Daidokoro
1692:Chashitsu
1673:Mihashira
1507:Onigawara
1487:Nakazonae
1326:Main Hall
1313:Hōkyōintō
1215:Religious
1177:Chashitsu
1148:Model of
1104:Ōbaku Zen
1070:Sumiyoshi
1017:Hiyoshi (
986:Religious
314:wabi-sabi
242:wabi-sabi
231:The term
207:The term
3367:Zaibatsu
3305:Keiretsu
3202:Shotacon
3176:moe zoku
3148:Omorashi
3065:Bōsōzoku
2974:Jouhatsu
2900:Chūnibyō
2873:Bishōnen
2472:Tsundoku
2378:Fudōshin
2361:Kotodama
2269:Gekokujō
1924:Tsuitate
1813:Mitamaya
1799:Kamidana
1785:Getabako
1757:Chabudai
1750:Butsudan
1732:Washitsu
1563:Tsumairi
1549:Tokonoma
1528:Tamagaki
1466:Katsuogi
1459:Katōmado
1389:Karahafu
1299:Butsuden
1290:Buddhist
1125:Zenshūyō
1111:Setchūyō
1088:Buddhist
1010:Hachiman
626:Archived
611:, p. 379
565:See also
522:Kamigata
185:karyūkai
3353:Shinise
3296:Karoshi
3211:Reki-jo
3194:Lolicon
3185:Fujoshi
3173:Figure
3125:Visual
3093:Ganguro
2930:Freeter
2864:Bishōjo
2844:Sukeban
2815:Shizoku
2683:Manual
2645:Aizuchi
2463:Sontaku
2454:Shuhari
2405:Zanshin
2396:Shoshin
2302:tatemae
2250:Bushido
2150:Temples
2145:Shrines
2135:Castles
2079: (
1963:Komainu
1949:Giboshi
1906: (
1896:Shitomi
1875:Jinmaku
1834:Zabuton
1820:Oshiire
1806:Kotatsu
1726:Toilets
1670: (
1625:Nijūmon
1611:Karamon
1438:Hisashi
1396:Mokoshi
1382:Irimoya
1191:Machiya
1164:Secular
1063:Shinmei
1049:Kibitsu
1028:Irimoya
1003:Azekura
962:Shinden
936:Hirairi
908:Azekura
900:Secular
805:(paper)
790:(paper)
713:(paper)
520:In the
438:iki/tsu
364:tempura
193:
96:History
3232:fandom
3120:Lolita
3102:Gyaruo
3025:Senpai
3016:Sensei
2965:Ikemen
2956:Iemoto
2891:Chikan
2835:Banchō
2824:Heimin
2806:Kazoku
2745:Kamiza
2659:Dogeza
2593:Shibui
2566:Miyabi
2548:Kawaii
2387:Mushin
2352:Kaizen
2320:Ikigai
2278:Hansei
2202:values
2095:Ryokan
2088:Kumiko
1917:Sudare
1868:Fusuma
1792:Kamado
1706:Mizuya
1653:Sanmon
1632:Niōmon
1597:Genkan
1542:Tenshu
1535:Tatami
1494:Namako
1473:Kuruwa
1431:Engawa
1376:Hidden
1351:Tahōtō
1331:Pagoda
1253:Honden
1246:Hokora
1239:Heiden
1232:Haiden
1223:Shinto
1205:Yagura
1171:Castle
1077:Taisha
1056:Nagare
1042:Kasuga
994:Shinto
976:Sukiya
948:Jutaku
929:Giyōfū
922:Gassho
893:Styles
801:
786:
760:
736:
728:
709:
688:
648:Geisha
526:Kansai
281:kawaii
174:Geisha
168:kabuki
135:devoid
84:kimono
80:geisha
3268:Haken
3157:Otaku
3111:Kogal
3084:Gyaru
3031:kōhai
2924:]
2917:Ebune
2909:Denpa
2855:Bijin
2766:Seiza
2757:Agura
2734:Ninjō
2708:]
2686:keigo
2620:Yūgen
2481:Ukiyo
2296:Honne
2102:Sentō
2011:Shaku
1909:washi
1903:Shōji
1889:Noren
1882:Kichō
1861:Byōbu
1827:Tansu
1778:Futon
1720:Shoin
1713:Nando
1684:Rooms
1667:Torii
1660:Sōmon
1646:Sandō
1639:Rōmon
1604:Kairō
1583:Gates
1570:Shibi
1556:Tokyō
1521:Sōrin
1514:Ranma
1452:Irori
1419:Chigi
1344:Shōrō
1320:Kyōzō
1279:Torii
1260:Kofun
1198:Minka
969:Shoin
955:Omoya
663:p. 8.
573:Ukiyo
542:kanji
484:Busui
360:sushi
163:ninjō
63:Japan
58:) in
56:Tokyo
3229:Yaoi
3220:Wota
3028:and
2990:NEET
2949:Idol
2716:Giri
2701:Gimu
2611:Yabo
2521:Ensō
2417:Miai
2299:and
2262:Face
2227:Amae
2218:Aiki
2116:Yabo
1997:Koku
1970:Tōrō
1841:Zafu
1771:Furo
1496:wall
1480:Moya
1184:Kura
1118:Wayō
915:Buke
799:ISBN
784:ISBN
758:ISBN
734:ISBN
726:ISBN
707:ISBN
686:ISBN
505:yabo
462:Yabo
455:Yabo
447:Yabo
402:and
368:soba
190:lit.
156:giri
82:and
37:粋/いき
3128:kei
2634:and
2575:Moe
2530:Iki
2071:Iki
2018:Sun
1990:Ken
1618:Mon
1019:Hie
848:iki
834:iki
620:see
603:in
598:Iki
558:iki
552:sui
537:Sui
531:sui
524:or
514:Sui
499:iki
478:iki
429:iki
423:Tsū
417:iki
411:tsū
405:tsū
399:Iki
391:iki
385:iki
379:Tsū
373:Tsū
355:Tsū
339:tsū
329:Tsū
320:iki
304:iki
294:Iki
286:iki
276:iki
270:iki
263:Iki
257:iki
251:Iki
234:iki
210:iki
179:iki
149:iki
140:iki
137:of
117:iki
111:iki
89:iki
75:Iki
52:Edo
50:of
29:Iki
3386::
3198:/
2922:ja
2706:ja
2557:Ma
2490:Wa
2241:/
2004:Ri
1306:Dō
782:.
764:;
756:.
740:;
732:;
724:.
705:.
684:.
637:^
589:^
508:.
491:無粋
481:.
470:野暮
366:,
362:,
246:.
223:.
72:,
2193:e
2186:t
2179:v
2083:)
1912:)
1676:)
1021:)
877:e
870:t
863:v
632:.
601:"
546:粋
494:)
488:(
473:)
467:(
350:)
347:通
344:(
202:'
196:'
188:(
34:(
23:.
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