Ithkuil - Knowledge (XXG)

405: 5480:

parts of an Ithkuil word whose pronunciation is predictable are not written, whereas the characters used to indicate the pronunciation of the unpredictable parts of a word also convey the grammatical information necessary to reconstruct the implicit phonetics. Words are thus written in a highly abbreviated manner, particularly useful for the highly inflected, occasionally elongated words of the Ithkuil language. The script is also used alphabetically for transliterating foreign words and mathematical expressions.

6379: 1020:. Quijada has considered mandating verbal categories expressed in formatives to be redundantly spoken aloud in adjuncts to be more naturalistic. Despite the complexity of the language, intended only as an experiment without concern for the constraints of human learnability, he has published several updates for a new language predicated off the original grammar, most recently in November 2019. The new language is intended to feature an expanded lexicon and writing system that can be handwritten. 2079:

affixual forms. Possessive cases are named Appositive; Associative cases split into Associative, Adverbial, Relational, and Affinitive; and Comparative cases are eliminated. The Ca complex is modular and various categories follow a 9-valued vowel sequence. Incorporated roots have been replaced by a system of concatenation. Formatives and personal reference categories now have the option to carry Effect, a category prescribing beneficial, detrimental, or neutral states to a referent.

2105: 389: 4776:. All other sequences of vowels are pronounced as separate syllables. The grave accent is used to indicate the vowel sequence is not a diphthong. The grave and acute accents are used for stress. In a future revision of the language, circumflex accents will be used for stress, but grave accents will not be used for stress, and will only be used to indicate the vowel sequence is not a diphthong so that the rules for marking stress are simplified. 378: 356: 367: 4796:. Formatives can function both as nouns and as verbs, derived from the root and depending on the morphosemantic context. They can be expanded through various ‘suffixes’. Adjuncts serve two roles, either indicating personal referents like pronouns, or specifying additional verbal information such as grammatical bias. In a future version of the language, adjuncts will be able to convey suffix (or rather, affix) information. 69: 2096: 49: 978:. The cartouches formed phrases, with primary phrases overlapping subordinate phrases. The coloring system utilized different color densities and texturing for different colors in order to be usable by colorblind people. These density conventions also allowed the formal system to be inexpensively printed in black-and-white, or inscribed or imprinted on stone or other materials. 59: 292:" can be translated into English as "On the contrary, I think it may turn out that this rugged mountain range trails off at some point." Quijada deems his creation as too complex to have developed naturally, seeing it as an exercise in exploring how languages could function. Nevertheless, it was featured in the Language Creation Conference's 6th Conlang Relay. 4810: 954:) and published the revision on 10 June 2007 as Ilaksh. The language featured other amendments to grammar, including some additional Levels and a change of Cases. It was redesigned to be easier to speak and included an additional writing system. The initial sequential "informal" system suitable for handwriting or compact typesetting, and a "formal" 4880:

root. Each holistic stem has two complementary stems associated with it, which refer to the complementary concepts related to the holistic stem. The specific meaning of complementary stems depends somewhat on the root. These are derived from the word roots by prefixing a vowel or diphthong that also indicates the grammatical category

4879:

There are three stems associated with each root. Each stem comes in three patterns, one holistic and two complementary ones. Holistic stem 1 typically refers to the most general manifestation of a root, whereas holistic stems 2 and 3 typically refer to more specific manifestations associated with the

2078:

The grammar is largely the same as in Ithkuil III, but with a greater focus on the scope of grammatical categories to be more logical. Stem pattern has been replaced by stem specification, and Suffixes were renamed Affixes. The categories of Designation, Sanction, and Modality have been supplanted by

986:

Ilaksh was superseded by a morphologically similar language also termed Ithkuil because of its ties to the initial publication. The script uses a unique morphophonemic principle that allows sentences representing grammatical categories to be pronounced in multiple ways as the speaker sees fit. It was

713:

with the hope of continuing his studies when he had enough money. In the meantime, he continued his studies in linguistics by himself. He "spent hours in the library" reading books on the elements of a language that is fairly exotic compared to many other languages in the world. In addition, Quijada

5479:

Ithkuil uses a morphophonemic script because characters convey both phonetic and morphological information. (Notably, it has no alphabet as such.) Its use is closely tied to Ithkuil's grammatical system, which allows much of the phonological aspect of words to be morpho-syntactically inferred. Those

973:

relations of the verb and noun phrases of a sentence. The edges of the cartouches had particular shapes that indicate one set of inflections, the colors indicate another set of inflections, and the textures yet another one. On the cartouches, letters of hexagonal outline would spell out the forms of

295:

Four versions of the language have been publicized: the initial version in 2004, a simplified version called Ilaksh in 2007, a third version in 2011, and the current version (as of February 2023), called New Ithkuil. In 2004—and again in 2009 with Ilaksh—Ithkuil was featured in the Russian-language

2155:

thought and not only influences it, have been rejected by mainstream linguistics. Moreover, in line with this, Quijada has stated he does not believe a speaker would think necessarily any faster because even though Ithkuil is terse, a single word requires a lot more thought before it can be spoken

5111:

The nine configurations (Uniplex, Duplex, Discrete, Aggregative, Segmentative, Componential, Coherent, Composite, Multiform) describe the physical similarity and relationship between the members of a set, e.g. trees may occur in a collection of the same species, of different species, or even in a

5450:

numeral system with roots for the numbers 1 to 10, and a stem-specific derivative suffix used with a number root to add a multiple of 10, providing the numerals up to 99. Ithkuil did not originally use the concept of zero. Numbers greater than 100 are expressed through multiple formatives, and a

965:

In the "informal" writing system, several parallel sets of lines are shaped to correspond sequentially to the different parallel sets of lexemes and inflections. It is directly pronounceable. The author designed it with reserve for convenient handwriting. The overall design would permit compact,

2195:

owever, Heinlein's Speedtalk appears to focus only on the morpho-phonological component of language Ithkuil has been designed with an equal focus on . Additionally, the apparent purpose of Heinlein's language is simple rapidity/brevity of speech and thought, while Ithkuil is focused on maximal

2114:

Ithkuil's writing system is unique to the language and is not similar to any natural writing systems. The writing system is morpho-phonetic, meaning two types of graphemes are used: one to represent different grammatical concepts, such as case, number etc. and the other to represent roots and

397:

The names of each version of Ithkuil in their respective writing systems. From top to bottom: "Iţkuîl" in the Ithkuil I writing system, "Ilákš" in the Ithkuil II artistic writing system, "Elartkha" or "Elartkʰa" in the Ithkuil III writing system, "Malëuţřait" in the Ithkuil IV writing

5120:

The four affiliations (Consolidative, Associative, Variative, Coalescent) describe the subjective purpose or function of members of a set, e.g. a group of trees may occur naturally and have no purpose, they may have the same purpose, complementary purposes, or different purposes.

4859:

Roots are Ithkuil's most basic semantic units. All Ithkuil formatives are derived from a limited number of roots. Each root consists of a cluster of 1–4 consonants (five-consonant clusters are also available, but remain without an assigned meaning). The current

742:"As our vehicle leaves the ground and plunges over the edge of the cliff toward the valley floor, I ponder whether it is possible that one might allege I am guilty of an act of moral failure, having failed to maintain a proper course along the roadway." 306:

awarded it the Smiley Award. In 2013, Bartłomiej Kamiński codified the language to parse complicated sentences quickly. Julien Tavernier and anonymous others have since followed suit. Since July 2015, Quijada has released several Ithkuil songs in a

5086:

All Ithkuil formatives, whether functioning as nouns or verbs, inflect for various grammatical categories that are quite dissimilar from any of those in natural languages. Quantization is more or less covered by the grammatical categories of

1002:

forum have proposed revisions to make the language more learnable. Quijada plans to adopt the cartouche script "for use as an alternative, 'ornamental' writing system for artistic purposes" to Ithkuil in a future update of the language.

2191:. Ithkuil is by far the most complete language of the three, as the lexicon and grammar are described in far greater detail. John Quijada acknowledged the similarity of Ithkuil's design goals to those of Speedtalk, remarking that, 5129:

The four perspectives (Monadic, Unbounded, Nomic, Abstract) describe the boundedness of a set, i.e. if it is viewed as a single unit, multiple disconnected units, viewed generically, or its characteristics considered abstractly.

5178:

The five registers (Narrative, Discursive, Parenthetical, Cogitant, Impressionistic) describe the mode of personal communication (narration, personal cogitation, subjective impression, direct speech, parenthetical “aside”).

2139:

that a fluent speaker of Ithkuil, accordingly, would think "about five or six times as fast" as a speaker of a typical natural language. The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis would suggest that, Ithkuil being an extremely precise and

946:, several speakers of Russian contacted Quijada and expressed enthusiasm to learn Ithkuil for its application to psychonetics, with several complaining about its difficulty in pronunciation. Quijada remade Ithkuil's 764: 1011:

Owing to complaints about the difficult patterns in the language morphology, on 30 October 2017 Quijada published a tentative outline for a new version of the language, addressing learners' desires for a more

557:, perceiving "vocabulary" as entire, with clearly distinguished boundaries, as opposed to it being just a local manifestation – such as slang or a dialect – of a broader lexicon ( 3640:

The phonological system of Ilaksh was revised to consist of only 30 consonants and 10 vowels. The consonants are the same as those of Ithkuil IV with the omission of the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative

987:

deemed the final version of the language, which grew attention to conlangers on social media. One blog translates "I am sleepy because those damn cats were fighting all night and I couldn’t sleep well!" as

669:

began when he was introduced to the utopian politics of the Esperanto group as well as some books from a record store near his home. In addition, during the 1970s, he discovered an album by the French band

6906: 285:

or used in everyday conversations. Instead, he wanted the language for more elaborate and profound fields where more insightful thoughts are expected, such as philosophy, arts, science, and politics.

327:, e.g. Ithkuil I, Ithkuil II. Despite this, Ithkuil has other names attached to it, either officially-named or was named by the Ithkuil-enthusiast community: Ithkuil I version was named as "Iţkuîl" ( 597:, seeing "the language" as a single and specific entity, rather than a collection of many languages existing separately, the general phenomenon ("human languages") or the abstract idea of language. 2070:

are marked with a grave diacritic when they are unstressed and the first of more than one vowel after a consonant to remind the reader that they are pronounced and and not nor , respectively.

498:

is not to refer to a real-life phenomenon, but rather to a mental representation, or projection, of that phenomenon; to an imaginary or hypothetical object. Thus translating as, "a made-up word".

5170:

The six versions (Processual, Completive, Ineffectual, Incompletive, Positive, Effective) describe whether the action is goal-oriented or not, and whether the action is successfully completed.

5154:

The four contexts (Existential, Functional, Representational, Amalgamate) describe the psychological relevance of the set, e.g. merely its existence or the set as symbolic for something else.

572:. This indicates that the individual members of the set act together toward a higher purpose by coordinating their complementary functions. Thus, "a vocabulary/lexicon" becomes "a language". 254:

created by John Quijada. It is designed to express more profound levels of human cognition briefly yet overtly and clearly, particularly about human categorization. It is a cross between an

709:

with the ambition to become an anthropologist in the field of linguistics. However, he was unable to complete his undergraduate studies due to financial problems. He was then worked at the

5296:

The four functions describe the general relationship that the verbal formative has with its nominal participants (state, action, description). Ithkuil nominal formatives also carry a

7374: 7273: 5475:"Tram-mļöi hhâsmařpţuktôx" written in the Ithkuil script. English translation: "On the contrary, I think it may turn out that this rugged mountain range trails off at some point" 5933: 758:[ˈpʊl꜔꜖.l̩ʊˈɪ꜔꜖qɪʃxˈma꜔꜖ʔwaɫɡɛʁjaʊfɤˈnɪ˥ɛnˈpæθ꜔꜖wɯçaʊˈxɤ꜔꜖ʔjaɬtxnɛʔwɯɬˈtaʔ꜔꜖ʂʊɪˈtʊ꜔꜖akɪt꜔꜖œlːˈa꜔꜖jaˈqaz꜔꜖mʊɪvlɪʔjɯɾˈzɪʂ꜔꜖kaʔp’am.ˈm̩꜔꜖a.ɪlɔˈwɤ꜔꜖tʃːaʃʊʔˈjɛh꜔꜖taʂ] 5380:

Ithkuil uses a variety of affixes, termed suffixes, to further delineate what is described by the formative. They come in three types and often correlate with adverbs.

3541:. Formatives functioned both as nouns and as verbs, depending on the morphosemantic context. Formatives were inflected for the current grammatical categories, plus 2 3158:

was when preceded by a vowel and followed by another consonant. was in free variation with , the latter being more common at the beginning of a word (both spelled

535:) to be diverse, while forming a "coherent emergent entity" (rather than just a collection or an array of different words), thus meaning "a vocabulary" or "lexicon". 6442: 288:

Meaningful phrases or sentences can usually be expressed in Ithkuil with fewer linguistic units than natural languages. For example, the two-word Ithkuil sentence "

3565:

similarly worked in conjunction with adjacent formatives to provide additional grammatical information. Two types of verbal adjuncts were inflected to indicate 14

2135:

postulates that a person's language influences their perceptions and cognitive patterns. Stanislav Kozlovsky speculated in the Russian popular-scientific magazine

7315: 722:

to find new reads. From his reading, Quijada found "unique and exotic" features some languages have and had the desire to unify all of those into one language.

5395:

Personal reference adjuncts are akin to pronouns in English. There are two types of personal-reference adjuncts in Ithkuil: Single-referent and dual-referent.

7295: 5138:

The six extensions (Delimitive, Proximal, Inceptive, Terminative, Graduative, Depletive) describe the referred part of a set, e.g. its beginning or its end.

1757:). The clusters with h are disyllabic in word-medial positions, but usually form allophones when found at the beginning of words. For example, word-medially 2222:

At the left of each cell in the table below is the phoneme, and at the right its transliterated representation. The original 65 consonants were as follows:

3526:

through the use of Ithkuil's complex rules of morphophonology, which involved both consonantal and vocal mutation, shifts in syllabic stress and tone, and

969:

In the colorful "formal" script, a single complex glyph represented an entire sentence. Diversely shaped, shaded and superimposed cartouches represent the

3693:. The clusters /n̪j/, /tj/, /dj/, and /lj/ could be pronounced as such or as the palatals , , , and . The orthography used /đ ŧ ż/ instead of /ḑ ţ ẓ/. 3189:

At the left of each cell in the table below is the phoneme, and at the right its transliterated representation. The original 17 vowels are as follows:

7020: 1576: 1016:

morphophonology, including a restructured formative outline, and extended use of Adjuncts for shortened expression of the grammar to further create

5340:

The nine sanctions describe the sort of truthfulness the listener should ascribe to it (assertion, allegation, counterargument, refutation, etc.).

3514:

The lexicon of the original Ithkuil consisted of the same patterns as the 2011 form of the language. However, each root consisted of 2 consonantal

7300: 7259: 4868:, just over 1000 of which have been assigned definitions. From the root, word stems are formed by affixing the vocalic affix that indicates stem 7305: 5965: 780:’s case grammar into "a complex, intricate array of interwoven grammatical concepts" with "ideas inspired by countless hours studying texts in 4714: 4654: 4503: 3273: 1842: 467:. Translating roughly as "a meaningful unit of speech", i.e. "a word", it gave no emphasis on the meaning or the vocal rendering of the word. 731: 7320: 7290: 4828: 4250: 3643: 3105: 2929: 1474: 848: 4372: 3094: 1656: 1616: 910:

scripts, but employs a unique morphophonemic principle. The script used throughout the Ithkuil grammar bears a superficial resemblance to

6435: 4351: 2144:, its speakers would have a more discerning, deeper understanding both of everyday situations and of broader phenomena, and of abstract 1626: 347:), and Ithkuil IV which is commonly referred to as TNIL or "The New Ithuilic Language" or also known as "Malëuţřait" by the community. 281:, which in the original form roughly meant "hypothetical representation of a language." Quijada states he did not create Ithkuil to be 4719: 4659: 4515: 4135: 3285: 2782: 1870: 6091: 5472: 5263:

spatial relationships; this does not cover spatial relationships such as 'to be inside of', which are covered by separate formatives

7310: 7266: 6168: 4846: 3055: 5595: 5146:

The two essences (Normal, Representative) describe whether the referred set is in the real world or exists solely psychologically.

2062:

Stress is marked with an acute diacritic on letters without diacritics and the circumflex on letters with a diaeresis. The letters

1789:

can be pronounced either as , , , and respectively, or as separate consonants. Combinations of a voiced consonant plus following -

5657: 6532: 6482: 5991: 4262: 4015: 2947: 2684: 1485: 1305: 282: 5624: 856: 746:

Pull̀ uíqišx ma’wałg eřyaufënienˉ päţwïç auxë’yaļt xne’wïļta’şui tua kit öllá yaqazmuiv li’yïrzişka’ p’amḿ aìlo’wëčča šu’yehtaş

710: 7040: 4699: 4532: 4226: 3778: 3381: 3302: 2905: 1947: 1886: 1450: 750: 217: 5455:

for the numbers 1 to 100 and exponential powers of 100. On 27 March 2015, Quijada released a mathematical sublanguage using a

7389: 6428: 4684: 4598: 4413: 3682: 3667: 3344: 3319: 2981: 1891: 439:(broadly concerning "speech", "voice", or even "interpretation") through the addition of several morphological determinants: 315:, which translates to "Wayfarers." Recently, online communities have developed in English, Russian, Mandarin, and Japanese. 605:

was "an idea/fantasy of a complete purposeful system of complementary speech elements", or simply "an imaginary language".

7364: 7338: 6027: 4568: 4203: 3952: 3697: 3310: 2937: 2862: 2674: 2631: 2059:. Rules for external junction between words have been described for speakers to be able to clearly parse word boundaries. 1917: 1898: 1425: 1242: 871: 7333: 4704: 4629: 4562: 4544: 4409: 4243: 4175: 4001: 3678: 3657: 3352: 3327: 3175: 3065: 2922: 2826: 2772: 2662: 1926: 1903: 1467: 1397: 1291: 5398:

Verbal adjuncts are adjuncts that work in conjunction with verbal formatives to provide information about the latter's

2115:

affixes. John Quijada provides an example, saying that an example of word in a morpho-phonemic writing system would be

7384: 7369: 6712: 4689: 4669: 4610: 4469: 4458: 4296: 4272: 4121: 3674: 3364: 3238: 3220: 2991: 2957: 2760: 1931: 1851: 1838: 1635: 1512: 1494: 336: 328: 274: 5722: 5388:

There are two types of adjuncts in Ithkuil: personal-reference adjuncts and verbal adjuncts. All adjuncts are highly

7379: 6849: 4362: 4286: 4233: 3984: 3701: 3391: 3248: 3119: 2971: 2912: 2852: 2621: 2428: 1957: 1646: 1506: 1457: 1274: 998:

was introduced and in 2015 a mathematical and measurement-based sublanguage was published. Dozens on the community

404: 7343: 5316:

The six illocutions describe the general purpose of the speech act (assertion, question, warning, demand, etc.).

4639: 4475: 4379: 4279: 4192: 3938: 3398: 3228: 3131: 2964: 2843: 2609: 2453: 1962: 1856: 1664: 1501: 1414: 1228: 6124: 6742: 6487: 5438:

can only be indicated using verbal adjuncts, whereas the others can also be expressed on the verbal formative.

4674: 4486: 4034: 3991: 3519: 3256: 2872: 2470: 2435: 1865: 1281: 1156: 1136: 887: 772:

Ithkuil evolved over 45 years as a linguistic experiment beyond Western Indo-European languages in response to

706: 227: 5348:

The fourteen valences describe the manner of participation of two separate entities to the verbal formative.

6602: 4182: 4027: 3921: 2833: 2463: 2363: 1404: 1317: 1211: 781: 636:

and is the first child of a Mexican-American immigrant couple. He is a native English speaker and can speak

528: 6073: 1797:

is pronounced as a tap , but becomes a trill when geminated. Following another consonant, a non-geminated

7072: 6509: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4711: 4696: 4681: 4666: 4651: 4560: 4467: 4417: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4104: 3809: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3151: 3147: 2882: 2540: 2388: 2250: 2056: 2048: 2040: 2032: 2024: 2016: 2008: 2000: 1718: 1589: 1079: 344: 340: 332: 258: 90: 7196: 6775: 6557: 6499: 4339: 4318: 3928: 3860: 3566: 3088: 3020: 2565: 2405: 2370: 2306: 2132: 1610: 1581: 1534: 1218: 1130: 797: 773: 248: 6386: 5497: 698:

languages with vocabulary and phonology derived from African languages. Later on, he also created the

7206: 7090: 6821: 6787: 6662: 6451: 5694: 4154: 4111: 3964: 3651: 2582: 2547: 2398: 2272: 2187: 2123:), where the root would be "go" and past tense would be indicated by diagonal bar through the vowel. 1254: 793: 719: 683: 577: 255: 251: 134: 5801: 6841: 6804: 6572: 6494: 4164: 4147: 4053: 3907: 3867: 3804: 3664: 3584: 3542: 2815: 2594: 2575: 2491: 2313: 2245: 1550: 1386: 1337: 1197: 1147: 1074: 777: 645: 6415: 2104: 7191: 7110: 7100: 6940: 6926: 6667: 6647: 6592: 6470: 5389: 5288:

Several distinct grammatical categories apply only to verbal formatives. These are listed below:

4876:

for the stem, and by stressing a particular syllable to indicate informal or formal designation.

4865: 4097: 3887: 3799: 3610: 2533: 2333: 2240: 2166: 2141: 1177: 1070: 1065: 951: 879: 852: 695: 266: 5753: 4819:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

5195:, used for direct address. Verbal formatives inflect for case under Frame constructions (i.e., 3551:; they could also have taken on some of the 153 affixes, which further qualified into one of 9 7047: 6960: 6932: 6896: 6859: 6792: 6672: 6465: 6164: 4579: 3914: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3816: 2356: 2292: 2285: 2277: 2257: 1912: 1204: 1116: 1109: 1101: 1086: 829: 789: 785: 691: 303: 201: 3696:

The vowels were the same as those of Ithkuil IV, but with an additional vowel pronounced as /

7146: 7105: 7095: 6985: 6965: 6886: 6874: 6760: 6677: 6504: 5196: 5188: 4497: 3826: 3794: 3789: 3773:

Ithkuil has 45 consonants and 13 vowels. At the left of each cell in the table below is the

3616: 3267: 2999: 2267: 2235: 2230: 1096: 1060: 1055: 883: 844: 825: 813: 675: 653: 641: 308: 269:

in natural human languages. Ithkuil is notable for its grammatical complexity and extensive

262: 5852: 5308:

The eight moods describe attitudes or perspectives on the act or the degree of factuality.

2196:

communication in the most efficient manner, a somewhat different purpose, in which brevity

388: 7252: 7000: 6980: 6879: 6657: 6351: 5364:

The 32 aspects describe the temporal relationship of the verbal formative in its context.

4526: 3854: 3821: 3296: 2300: 2262: 2171: 1880: 1520: 1124: 1091: 947: 867: 840: 817: 649: 637: 5992:"Ilaksh script diagram (indicates what the various parts of an Ilaksh logogram indicate)" 5324:

The two relations describe whether the verbal formative is part of a subordinate clause.

903: 715: 273:

inventory, the latter being simplified in an upcoming redesign. The name "Ithkuil" is an

5606: 377: 7115: 6632: 6597: 6552: 5664: 5506: 5162:

The two designations (Informal, Formal) describe the authority or permanence of a set.

4785: 4592: 4421: 4304: 3902: 3690: 3686: 3660: 3648: 3338: 3183: 3005: 2350: 1563: 1192: 1017: 915: 151: 6378: 5995: 3777:, and at the right its transliterated representation if it is not written the same in 2214:

The original version of Ithkuil had a significantly more complicated morphophonology.

7358: 7245: 7239: 7151: 6945: 6854: 6722: 6627: 6475: 5631: 5192: 4440: 3977: 3596: 3202: 2421: 2182: 1821: 1267: 1047:

The phonology consists of 31 consonants and 9 vowels. The consonants are as follows:

1027:, and announced that the previous version would remain online for archival purposes. 1013: 911: 907: 895: 860: 833: 821: 735: 633: 324: 3633:

In an effort to make the language more speakable, Quijada created a revision called

366: 355: 68: 7201: 6682: 6577: 5460: 4041: 3670: 2479: 1326: 989:

ur-rn aičnattîbi tei n-nrai’dáčnuitîb ti wëqam-msukšš hwaičúitôkçuxh rrolp żü’âluss

891: 730: 671: 618: 6031: 5241:

non-possessive relationships between nouns and adverbial relationships with verbs

2095: 5199:). The grammatical cases of Ithkuil can be divided into several distinct groups: 1023:

In February 2023, Quijada published the fourth iteration of the language, titled

623: 7161: 7156: 6911: 6831: 6809: 6642: 6637: 6620: 6608: 6547: 5826: 4452: 4435: 3654: 3590: 3214: 3197: 1833: 1816: 959: 955: 657: 629: 1801:

may optionally be pronounced as an apico-alveolar-retroflex approximant . When

7131: 7025: 6990: 6732: 6697: 6587: 6219: 4621: 4445: 3527: 3375: 3207: 2145: 1941: 1826: 923: 809: 679: 298: 48: 6258: 7080: 7067: 6950: 6916: 6765: 6562: 5372:

The 24 biases describe the speaker's emotional attitude towards the action.

4555: 4401: 2161: 935: 934:

The initial publication of Ithkuil in 2004 had an extensive phonology of 65

919: 863: 805: 801: 188: 169: 6995: 6186: 6092:"r/Ithkuil - A (LONG) MESSAGE FROM JOHN Q ABOUT A FUTURE REFORM OF ITHKUIL" 6009: 5471: 899: 6315: 5730: 1991:

are removed from Ithkuil III to allow for easier memorization. The letter

58: 7141: 7057: 7035: 7015: 6975: 6970: 6869: 6814: 6780: 6750: 6707: 6702: 6687: 6567: 6333: 6297: 5452: 2177: 875: 757: 235: 223: 6420: 5332:

The nine phases describe the temporal pattern of the act or occurrence.

335:) which became the origin of the name "Ithkuil", Ithkuil II as "ilákš" ( 7221: 7166: 7085: 7062: 7010: 6797: 6755: 6145: 6055: 5857: 5775: 5540: 5456: 5300:, but cannot be inflected for them, always remaining in the "stative". 4861: 3774: 3760:. All other sequences of vowels were pronounced as separate syllables. 3506:. All other sequences of vowels were pronounced as separate syllables. 2151:

However, strong forms of the hypothesis, which postulate that language

922:

script" and a cursive format (the former of which had been an upcoming

902:

language". The writing system's logical design borrows principles from

702:, a language which was generated from "random typing on a typewriter". 665: 270: 231: 6276: 4823:

Specifically, needlessly goes into detail about grammatical categories

1805:

is geminated it is either or can be strengthened to a uvular trill .

17: 7216: 7052: 7030: 7005: 6955: 6901: 6891: 6692: 6652: 6334:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 6: More Verb Morphology" 6237: 6116: 5879: 3523: 999: 975: 970: 524: 207: 6074:"Ithkuil for Beginners. A Hypothetical Lesson • Aitôxhalin Açnalüpç" 6056:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 11: The Writing System" 6010:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 11: The Writing System" 5356:

The six validations describe the evidence supporting the statement.

6409: 6404: 5909: 7211: 7136: 6770: 6727: 6717: 6615: 5966:"Peut-on tout dire avec la langue la plus concise du monde ?" 5470: 5447: 2103: 939: 839:

For his influences, Quijada cites the obscure "morphophonology of

403: 6259:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 3: Basic Morphology" 6220:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 2: Morpho-Phonology" 820:." Ithkuil was heavily inspired by cognitive linguists including 7171: 6826: 6542: 6298:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 5: Verb Morphology" 6277:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 4: Case Morphology" 6424: 5569: 6582: 5934:"Le curieux destin de l'homme qui inventa une nouvelle langue" 5500:

An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented.

4827:

Please help by removing excessive detail that may be against

4803: 2087:

The lexicon includes over 6000 roots and around 520 affixes.

6028:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 11: The Script" 3533:

Ithkuil words can be divided into just two parts of speech,

682:, a constructed language they created. He created his first 6161:

Living language: an introduction to linguistic anthropology

5274:

comparisons to other nouns, used in conjunction with Level

4680:

when they precede another vowel, and at the end of a word.

408:

the handwritten form of the name of the Ithkuil IV language

6187:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 1: Phonology" 6163:(1. publ. ed.), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 69, 4864:

of Ithkuil can potentially consist of approximately 3,600

544:

vocalic prefix, one of the 24 possible for formative roots

234:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

6316:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Chapter 8: Adjuncts" 894:

morphology, and the hearsay and possessive categories of

3781:

as in romanized Ithkuil. The consonants are as follows:

5112:

patternless collection with plants that are not trees.

5099:, even though these do not technically refer to number 7274:

La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea

5690: 3637:

that relied on tone to reduce the phonemic inventory.

3555:. Verbal formatives were additionally inflected for 7 950:

with 30 consonants and 10 vowels (and the addition of

6372: 5763:(in Russian). Vol. 17, no. 781. p. 12. 942:. After a mention of Ithkuil in the Russian magazine 419:(based entirely on the original Ithkuil grammar book) 7283: 7232: 7184: 7124: 6925: 6840: 6741: 6531: 6520: 6458: 6405:

Community on Reddit devoted to the Ithkuil language

6352:"Expressing mathematics and measurement in Ithkuil" 200: 186: 167: 162: 148: 129: 119: 104: 96: 86: 32: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6146:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Introduction" 5880:"Ithkuil — Why the hell are there four Ithkuils?!" 5541:"A Grammar of the Ithkuil Language - Introduction" 660:; however, he cannot converse in these languages. 531:, it also implies the objects in question (words, 705:John Quijada pursued a linguistics degree at the 652:. He also claims to be able to recite phrases in 2159:Kozlovsky also likened Ithkuil to the fictional 1761:would be pronounced as in the English word "bac 2193: 2181:of the communicationally restricted society of 4884:. Two examples are given in the tables below: 958:system with artistic possibilities resembling 323:Versions of Ithkuil are generally named after 7375:Constructed languages introduced in the 2000s 6436: 6253: 6251: 5459:number system which uses the circle constant 5071:female non-human higher-order animal lifeform 2101:"Be careful, your fork is actually a fennec." 8: 6181: 6179: 3663:/ could be syllabic. All consonants except / 343:), Ithkuil III as "Elartkha" or "elartkʰa" ( 5060:male non-human higher-order animal lifeform 4784:Ithkuil words can be divided into just two 6528: 6443: 6429: 6421: 6377: 3783: 2224: 1049: 711:United States Department of Motor Vehicles 67: 57: 47: 29: 6292: 6290: 6050: 6048: 4847:Learn how and when to remove this message 4427:The 13 vowels of Ithkuil are as follows: 2175:, and contrasted both languages with the 507:mutation of the first radical consonant: 265:. It tries to minimize the vagueness and 5964:Prouillac, Nicolas (15 September 2015). 5201: 4983: 4886: 4710:when they precede another vowel, except 4429: 3191: 2094: 1810: 1769:is pronounced in the New Ithkuil word " 882:, the positional orientation systems of 729: 7260:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues 5776:"The 2008 Smiley Award Winner: Ithkuil" 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5488: 5230:possessive relationships between nouns 5191:in Ithkuil, one special case being the 4396:can be syllabic. All consonants except 2099:An example of Ithkuil's script meaning 463:of the three other possible stems from 228:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 5904: 5902: 5900: 5754:"Ithkuil and its philosophical design" 5721:Козловский, Станислав (29 July 2004). 5716: 5714: 5712: 5563: 5561: 5012:non-human higher-order animal lifeform 3673:/ could be geminated; when geminated, 756: 678:-genre group band which made songs in 568:of the set of objects in question was 81:written in the Ithkuil writing systems 5959: 5957: 5955: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5774:Peterson, David J. (August 3, 2018). 5697:from the original on 21 February 2023 3786: 2227: 2156:than it would in a natural language. 1052: 601:Thus, the approximate translation of 7: 3704:/. The 14 diphthongs of Ilaksh were 3170:could be geminated; when geminated, 5039:female higher-order animal lifeform 2108:Handwritten form of the above text. 6385:Foer, Joshua (December 16, 2012). 5658:"Morphophonology Version 0.15.8.1" 5496:Foer, Joshua (December 16, 2012). 4829:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy 1039:which was published in early 2023. 966:clear, black-and-white rendering. 918:fonts. Furthermore, Ilaksh had a " 25: 7267:In the Land of Invented Languages 5932:Foer, Joshua (18 November 2016). 5623:Quijada, John (October 3, 2020). 5032:male higher-order animal lifeform 4718: 4713: 4703: 4698: 4688: 4683: 4673: 4668: 4658: 4653: 4638: 4628: 4609: 4597: 4578: 4567: 4561: 4543: 4531: 4514: 4502: 4485: 4474: 4468: 4457: 4378: 4371: 4361: 4350: 4317: 4295: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4261: 4249: 4242: 4232: 4225: 4202: 4191: 4181: 4174: 4153: 4146: 4134: 4120: 4110: 4103: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4014: 4000: 3990: 3983: 3963: 3951: 3937: 3927: 3920: 3886: 3866: 3859: 3642: 3397: 3390: 3380: 3363: 3351: 3343: 3326: 3318: 3309: 3301: 3284: 3272: 3255: 3247: 3237: 3227: 3219: 3130: 3118: 3104: 3093: 3064: 3054: 3019: 2990: 2980: 2970: 2963: 2956: 2946: 2936: 2928: 2921: 2911: 2904: 2881: 2871: 2861: 2851: 2842: 2832: 2825: 2781: 2771: 2759: 2683: 2673: 2661: 2630: 2620: 2608: 2581: 2574: 2564: 2546: 2539: 2478: 2469: 2462: 2452: 2434: 2427: 2404: 2397: 2387: 2369: 2362: 2332: 2312: 2305: 1956: 1946: 1925: 1911: 1897: 1885: 1864: 1850: 1663: 1655: 1615: 1580: 1511: 1500: 1493: 1473: 1466: 1456: 1449: 1424: 1413: 1403: 1396: 1325: 1316: 1304: 1290: 1280: 1273: 1253: 1241: 1227: 1217: 1210: 1176: 1146: 1129: 27:Experimental constructed language 5802:"Making fun with Ithkuil easier" 4808: 1035:The information below refers to 387: 376: 365: 354: 296:popular science and IT magazine 6127:from the original on 2019-10-29 5656:Quijada, John (March 4, 2021). 5594:Quijada, John (June 26, 2019). 523:. Roughly corresponding to the 5625:"Morphophonology Version 0.15" 4728:The diphthongs in Ithkuil are 4414:voiceless pharyngeal fricative 3683:voiceless pharyngeal fricative 1995:, pronounced , is introduced. 914:square script and the various 1: 7339:List of constructed languages 6078:Aitôxhalin Açnalüpç on Svbtle 5800:ebvalaim (January 14, 2016). 5451:special numerical script has 5219:the participants to the verb 580:on the penultimate syllable ( 73:Ithkuil (2004) writing system 6159:Ahearn, Laura (6 May 2011), 6030:. 2009-05-22. Archived from 5729:(in Russian). Archived from 4998:higher-order animal lifeform 4915:female nuclear family member 926:project of the designer's). 5568:Quijada, John (2004–2019). 5539:Quijada, John (2004–2019). 1808:The vowels are as follows: 857:Niger–Kordofanian languages 718:, a legendary bookstore in 714:also made annual visits to 686:at the age of 15 he called 311:style as part of the album 7406: 5827:"Transcription of Ithkuil" 5752:Mikhail Gertelman (2009). 5691:"A GRAMMAR OF NEW ITHKUIL" 4908:male nuclear family member 1793:- are always dissyllabic. 1034: 774:the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 690:. It was a combination of 53:New Ithkuil writing system 7344:List of language creators 7329: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4338: 4303: 4163: 3901: 3853: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3162:). All consonants except 3087: 2998: 2814: 2593: 2349: 2299: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 1609: 1562: 1519: 1499: 1385: 1191: 1123: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1078: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 849:American Indian languages 214: 44: 37: 5498:"Utopian for Beginners: 994:In 2014 the category of 707:University of California 628:was born around 1959 in 290:Tram-mļöi hhâsmařpţuktôx 7316:Interlingue/Interlingua 6483:International auxiliary 6387:"Utopian for Beginners" 5252:temporal relationships 892:Semitic triliteral root 782:theoretical linguistics 734:An example of vertical 529:Indo-European languages 7021:Middle-earth languages 5689:Quijada, John (2023). 5476: 2202: 2133:Sapir–Whorf hypothesis 2111: 2109: 769: 738:Ithkuil text (2004). 663:Quijada's interest in 494:, meant that the word 409: 216:This article contains 63:Ithkuil writing system 7390:Constructed languages 7296:Esperanto/Interlingua 7197:Esperanto orthography 6776:Pan-Germanic language 6558:Communicationssprache 6452:Constructed languages 5474: 4901:nuclear family member 2107: 2098: 872:Dagestanian languages 798:linguistic relativity 733: 613: 476:mutation of the infix 407: 7365:Engineered languages 6788:Pan-Romance language 6663:Latino sine flexione 5027:Complementary stems 4930:Complementary stems 3410:The diphthongs were 2188:Nineteen Eighty-Four 847:of verbs of certain 843:verb complexes, the 794:language acquisition 720:Berkeley, California 684:constructed language 614:John Quijada's youth 252:constructed language 135:Constructed language 6805:Pan-Slavic language 6416:Chinese Translation 5024:Complementary stems 5021:Complementary stems 4927:Complementary stems 4924:Complementary stems 3154:could be syllabic. 3150:were velarized and 2127:Possible advantages 1725:will be written as 778:Charles J. Fillmore 7385:2004 introductions 7370:Fusional languages 7192:Constructed script 6668:Lingua Franca Nova 6648:International Sign 5670:on August 27, 2021 5637:on August 27, 2021 5477: 5053:female human being 4665:are pronounced as 4410:bidental fricative 4404:; when geminated, 3679:bidental fricative 3176:bidental fricative 2167:Robert A. Heinlein 2142:synthetic language 2112: 2110: 1745:is now written as 1007:New Ithkuil (2023) 880:Wakashan languages 770: 410: 267:semantic ambiguity 7380:Grammatical cases 7352: 7351: 7207:Tolkien's scripts 7180: 7179: 6897:Logopandecteision 6860:Dutton Speedwords 6793:Neolatino Romance 6673:Lingwa de planeta 6080:. 19 August 2014. 5284:Verbal morphology 5281: 5280: 5197:dependent clauses 5189:grammatical cases 5079: 5078: 4982: 4981: 4857: 4856: 4849: 4649: 4648: 4391: 4390: 4222: 4171: 4100: 4056: 3980: 3917: 3849: 3842: 3408: 3407: 3145: 3144: 3045: 3008: 2901: 2822: 2752: 2707: 2654: 2601: 2536: 2494: 2424: 2359: 2295: 2288: 2055:is pronounced as 2047:is pronounced as 1973: 1972: 1676: 1675: 1446: 1393: 1340: 1270: 1207: 1119: 1112: 830:Gilles Fauconnier 790:psycholinguistics 786:cognitive grammar 432:derived from the 304:David J. Peterson 242: 241: 224:rendering support 220:phonetic symbols. 16:(Redirected from 7397: 7301:Esperanto/Novial 7125:Ritual and other 6966:Elvish languages 6887:Lingua generalis 6875:Astrolinguistics 6529: 6445: 6438: 6431: 6422: 6410:Information site 6401: 6399: 6397: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6373:Official website 6359: 6358: 6356: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6255: 6246: 6245: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6216: 6195: 6194: 6183: 6174: 6173: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6117:"Ithkuil Update" 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6098:. 22 August 2016 6088: 6082: 6081: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5998:on June 5, 2011. 5994:. Archived from 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5961: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5929: 5918: 5917: 5906: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5780:The Smiley Award 5771: 5765: 5764: 5758: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5723:"Скорость мысли" 5718: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5669: 5663:. Archived from 5662: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5636: 5630:. Archived from 5629: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5605:. Archived from 5600: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5565: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5536: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5493: 5442:Numerical system 5202: 5082:Basic morphology 5046:male human being 4993:Holistic stem 3 4984: 4896:Holistic stem 3 4887: 4852: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4812: 4811: 4804: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4709: 4707: 4702: 4694: 4692: 4687: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4664: 4662: 4657: 4642: 4632: 4613: 4601: 4582: 4572: 4571: 4565: 4547: 4535: 4518: 4506: 4489: 4479: 4478: 4472: 4461: 4430: 4419: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4382: 4375: 4365: 4354: 4321: 4299: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4265: 4253: 4246: 4236: 4229: 4220: 4206: 4195: 4185: 4178: 4169: 4157: 4150: 4138: 4124: 4114: 4107: 4096: 4052: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4018: 4004: 3994: 3987: 3976: 3967: 3955: 3941: 3931: 3924: 3913: 3890: 3870: 3863: 3845: 3838: 3784: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3646: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3401: 3394: 3384: 3367: 3355: 3347: 3330: 3322: 3313: 3305: 3288: 3276: 3259: 3251: 3241: 3231: 3223: 3192: 3153: 3149: 3134: 3122: 3108: 3097: 3068: 3058: 3043: 3023: 3004: 2994: 2984: 2974: 2967: 2960: 2950: 2940: 2932: 2925: 2915: 2908: 2899: 2885: 2875: 2865: 2855: 2846: 2836: 2829: 2820: 2785: 2775: 2763: 2750: 2705: 2687: 2677: 2665: 2652: 2634: 2624: 2612: 2599: 2585: 2578: 2568: 2550: 2543: 2532: 2490: 2482: 2473: 2466: 2456: 2438: 2431: 2420: 2408: 2401: 2391: 2373: 2366: 2355: 2336: 2316: 2309: 2291: 2284: 2225: 2058: 2050: 2042: 2034: 2026: 2018: 2010: 2002: 1960: 1950: 1929: 1915: 1901: 1889: 1868: 1854: 1811: 1773:ala". The forms 1720: 1713:are eliminated, 1667: 1659: 1619: 1584: 1515: 1504: 1497: 1477: 1470: 1460: 1453: 1444: 1428: 1417: 1407: 1400: 1391: 1338: 1329: 1320: 1308: 1294: 1284: 1277: 1266: 1257: 1245: 1231: 1221: 1214: 1203: 1180: 1150: 1133: 1115: 1108: 1050: 826:Ronald Langacker 814:fuzzy set theory 768: 767: 766: 760: 755: 676:progressive rock 627: 519:of the term was 487:, as opposed to 391: 380: 369: 358: 346: 342: 334: 263:logical language 210: 181: 172: 154: 115:(as New Ithkuil) 114: 110: 92: 74: 71: 64: 61: 54: 51: 30: 21: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7355: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7325: 7306:Ido/Interlingua 7279: 7253:Bridge of Words 7228: 7176: 7120: 6930: 6921: 6836: 6737: 6658:Langue nouvelle 6534: 6524: 6522: 6516: 6454: 6449: 6395: 6393: 6384: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6338:www.ithkuil.net 6332: 6331: 6327: 6320:www.ithkuil.net 6314: 6313: 6309: 6302:www.ithkuil.net 6296: 6295: 6288: 6281:www.ithkuil.net 6275: 6274: 6270: 6263:www.ithkuil.net 6257: 6256: 6249: 6242:www.ithkuil.net 6236: 6235: 6231: 6218: 6217: 6198: 6191:www.ithkuil.net 6185: 6184: 6177: 6171: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6130: 6128: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6101: 6099: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6060:www.ithkuil.net 6054: 6053: 6046: 6037: 6035: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5963: 5962: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5931: 5930: 5921: 5914:www.ithkuil.net 5908: 5907: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5756: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5720: 5719: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5609: 5598: 5596:"Newest Update" 5593: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5567: 5566: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5538: 5537: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5469: 5446:Ithkuil uses a 5444: 5386: 5378: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5322: 5314: 5306: 5294: 5286: 5185: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5152: 5144: 5136: 5127: 5118: 5109: 5084: 5072: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5033: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4990:Holistic stem 2 4987:Holistic stem 1 4975: 4964: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4893:Holistic stem 2 4890:Holistic stem 1 4853: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4826: 4813: 4809: 4802: 4786:parts of speech 4782: 4780:Morphophonology 4695:are pronounced 3811: 3771: 3766: 3631: 3563:Verbal adjuncts 3512: 2252: 2220: 2212: 2207: 2129: 2093: 2085: 2076: 1749:(or optionally 1678:The consonants 1081: 1045: 1040: 1033: 1009: 984: 948:morphophonology 932: 888:Guugu Yimithirr 818:quantum physics 763: 762: 761: 748: 747: 736:boustrophedonic 728: 621: 616: 611: 593:of the noun is 578:Syllabic stress 459:variety of the 415: 402: 401: 400: 399: 394: 393: 392: 383: 382: 381: 372: 371: 370: 361: 360: 359: 321: 222:Without proper 206: 179: 168: 155: 150: 144: 112: 111: 108: 97:Created by 82: 76: 75: 72: 65: 62: 55: 52: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7403: 7401: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7357: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7242: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6935: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6907:Real Character 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6846: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6539: 6537: 6526: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6462: 6460: 6459:Classification 6456: 6455: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6402: 6391:The New Yorker 6382: 6366: 6365:External links 6363: 6361: 6360: 6343: 6325: 6307: 6286: 6268: 6247: 6229: 6196: 6175: 6169: 6151: 6137: 6108: 6083: 6065: 6044: 6019: 6001: 5983: 5951: 5919: 5896: 5871: 5853:"John Quijada" 5844: 5818: 5792: 5766: 5744: 5733:on 13 May 2016 5708: 5681: 5648: 5615: 5612:on 2019-09-03. 5586: 5570:"Ithkuil FAQs" 5557: 5520: 5507:The New Yorker 5487: 5485: 5482: 5468: 5465: 5443: 5440: 5385: 5382: 5377: 5374: 5369: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5353: 5350: 5345: 5342: 5337: 5334: 5329: 5326: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5310: 5305: 5302: 5293: 5290: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5184: 5181: 5175: 5172: 5167: 5164: 5159: 5156: 5151: 5148: 5143: 5140: 5135: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5108: 5105: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5069: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4980: 4979: 4972: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4932: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4855: 4854: 4816: 4814: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4781: 4778: 4647: 4646: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4576: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4483: 4465: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4422:alveolar trill 4389: 4388: 4386: 4376: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4293: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4247: 4240: 4230: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4189: 4179: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4118: 4108: 4101: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4049: 4048: 4038: 4031: 4024: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3998: 3988: 3981: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3961: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3935: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3864: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3843: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3764:Ithkuil (2011) 3762: 3691:alveolar trill 3630: 3627: 3511: 3508: 3406: 3405: 3395: 3388: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3316: 3314: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3245: 3235: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3184:alveolar trill 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2988: 2978: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2944: 2934: 2926: 2919: 2909: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2879: 2869: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2840: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2681: 2671: 2669: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2579: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2544: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2487: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2432: 2425: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2402: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2310: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2219: 2216: 2211: 2210:Ithkuil (2004) 2208: 2206: 2203: 2200:is irrelevant. 2128: 2125: 2092: 2091:Writing system 2089: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2039:is pronounced 2031:is pronounced 2023:is pronounced 2015:is pronounced 2007:is pronounced 1999:is pronounced 1971: 1970: 1968: 1954: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1923: 1909: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1862: 1848: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1717:is pronounced 1674: 1673: 1671: 1661: 1652: 1644: 1642: 1632: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1509: 1498: 1491: 1483: 1481: 1471: 1464: 1454: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1411: 1401: 1394: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1372: 1370: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1334: 1333: 1323: 1321: 1314: 1312: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1288: 1278: 1271: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1251: 1249: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1225: 1215: 1208: 1201: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1144: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1077: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1044: 1041: 1032: 1029: 1018:phonaesthetics 1008: 1005: 983: 982:Ithkuil (2011) 980: 931: 928: 878:system of the 727: 724: 615: 612: 610: 607: 599: 598: 586: 585: 574: 573: 562: 546: 545: 537: 536: 512: 511: 500: 499: 478: 477: 469: 468: 449: 448: 422: 421: 414: 411: 396: 395: 386: 385: 384: 375: 374: 373: 364: 363: 362: 353: 352: 351: 350: 349: 320: 317: 240: 239: 226:, you may see 212: 211: 204: 198: 197: 192: 184: 183: 173: 165: 164: 163:Language codes 160: 159: 158:Morphophonemic 156: 152:Writing system 149: 146: 145: 143: 142: 133: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 77: 66: 56: 46: 45: 42: 41: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7402: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7328: 7322: 7321:Lojban/Loglan 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7291:Esperanto/Ido 7289: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7264: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7255: 7254: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7246:A Secret Vice 7243: 7241: 7240:Esperantology 7238: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7152:Lingua ignota 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6946:Belter Creole 6944: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6855:Basic English 6853: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6723:Universalglot 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6628:Idiom Neutral 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6533:International 6530: 6527: 6519: 6511: 6510:Philosophical 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6476:Language game 6474: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6446: 6441: 6439: 6434: 6432: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6380: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6170:9781405124416 6166: 6162: 6155: 6152: 6147: 6141: 6138: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6097: 6093: 6087: 6084: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6066: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6034:on 2009-05-22 6033: 6029: 6023: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5984: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5939: 5938:nouvelobs.com 5935: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5885: 5884:ithkuil.place 5881: 5875: 5872: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5793: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5767: 5762: 5755: 5748: 5745: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5682: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5649: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5587: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5501: 5492: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5473: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5351: 5349: 5343: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5291: 5289: 5283: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5216:Transrelative 5215: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5187:There are 96 5182: 5180: 5173: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5149: 5147: 5141: 5139: 5133: 5131: 5124: 5122: 5115: 5113: 5107:Configuration 5106: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5089:Configuration 5081: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5057: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5019: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4996: 4985: 4978: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4955: 4953: 4948: 4946: 4941: 4939: 4934: 4933: 4922: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4899: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4872:, stem type, 4871: 4867: 4863: 4851: 4848: 4840: 4830: 4824: 4820: 4817:This section 4815: 4806: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4777: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4706: 4701: 4691: 4686: 4676: 4671: 4661: 4656: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4482: 4477: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3763: 3761: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3636: 3629:Ilaksh (2007) 3628: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3522:thousands of 3521: 3517: 3509: 3507: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2209: 2205:Past versions 2204: 2201: 2199: 2192: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2146:philosophical 2143: 2138: 2134: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2090: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2054: 2046: 2038: 2030: 2022: 2014: 2006: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1496: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1014:agglutinative 1006: 1004: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 981: 979: 977: 972: 967: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 930:Ilaksh (2007) 929: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 896:Suzette Elgin 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 822:George Lakoff 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 765: 759: 754: 752: 745: 741: 737: 732: 725: 723: 721: 717: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 668: 667: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 634:United States 631: 625: 620: 608: 606: 604: 596: 592: 588: 587: 583: 579: 576: 575: 571: 567: 563: 560: 556: 552: 548: 547: 543: 539: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517:configuration 514: 513: 510: 506: 502: 501: 497: 493: 490: 486: 483: 480: 479: 475: 471: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 451: 450: 447:vocalic infix 446: 442: 441: 440: 438: 435: 431: 427: 420: 417: 416: 412: 406: 390: 379: 368: 357: 348: 338: 330: 326: 325:Roman numeral 318: 316: 314: 310: 305: 301: 300: 293: 291: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 259:philosophical 257: 253: 250: 246: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 219: 213: 209: 208:art-x-ithkuil 205: 203: 199: 196: 193: 191: 190: 185: 177: 174: 171: 166: 161: 157: 153: 147: 141: 138: 137: 136: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 107: 103: 99: 95: 89: 87:Pronunciation 85: 80: 70: 60: 50: 43: 40: 36: 31: 19: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7244: 7202:Sitelen Pona 7073: 6864: 6609:esperantidos 6578:Esperanto II 6500:Experimental 6394:. Retrieved 6390: 6346: 6337: 6328: 6319: 6310: 6301: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6241: 6232: 6223: 6190: 6160: 6154: 6140: 6129:. Retrieved 6120: 6111: 6100:. Retrieved 6095: 6086: 6077: 6068: 6059: 6036:. Retrieved 6032:the original 6022: 6013: 6004: 5996:the original 5986: 5974:. Retrieved 5970:www.ulyes.co 5969: 5942:. Retrieved 5937: 5913: 5887:. Retrieved 5883: 5874: 5864:February 27, 5862:. Retrieved 5856: 5847: 5837:February 27, 5835:. Retrieved 5830: 5821: 5809:. Retrieved 5806:ebvalaim.log 5805: 5795: 5785:February 27, 5783:. Retrieved 5779: 5769: 5760: 5747: 5735:. Retrieved 5731:the original 5726: 5699:. Retrieved 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5665:the original 5651: 5639:. Retrieved 5632:the original 5618: 5607:the original 5602: 5589: 5579:February 27, 5577:. Retrieved 5573: 5550:February 27, 5548:. Retrieved 5544: 5513:February 27, 5511:. Retrieved 5505: 5499: 5491: 5478: 5445: 5435: 5431: 5430:. Of these, 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5371: 5363: 5355: 5347: 5339: 5331: 5323: 5315: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5287: 5186: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5137: 5128: 5119: 5110: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5073: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4976: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4881: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4858: 4843: 4834: 4822: 4818: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4727: 4650: 4643: 4633: 4614: 4602: 4583: 4573: 4548: 4536: 4519: 4507: 4490: 4480: 4462: 4426: 4392: 4383: 4366: 4322: 4290: 4266: 4254: 4237: 4186: 4139: 4125: 4115: 4079: 4069: 4063: 4045: 4019: 4005: 3995: 3956: 3942: 3932: 3906: 3891: 3871: 3772: 3695: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3622: 3617: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3534: 3532: 3518:, and could 3515: 3513: 3409: 3402: 3385: 3368: 3356: 3348: 3331: 3323: 3306: 3289: 3277: 3260: 3252: 3242: 3232: 3224: 3188: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3146: 3135: 3123: 3109: 3069: 3059: 3024: 2985: 2975: 2951: 2941: 2916: 2886: 2876: 2866: 2856: 2837: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2776: 2764: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2688: 2678: 2666: 2635: 2625: 2613: 2569: 2551: 2515: 2501: 2483: 2457: 2439: 2409: 2392: 2374: 2337: 2317: 2221: 2213: 2197: 2194: 2186: 2176: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2152: 2150: 2148:categories. 2136: 2130: 2120: 2119:(pronounced 2116: 2113: 2100: 2086: 2077: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2052: 2044: 2036: 2028: 2020: 2012: 2004: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1965: 1951: 1934: 1920: 1906: 1894: 1873: 1859: 1845: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765:anded", but 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1668: 1649: 1639: 1629: 1593: 1585: 1554: 1538: 1488: 1478: 1461: 1429: 1408: 1375: 1367: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1330: 1309: 1295: 1285: 1246: 1232: 1222: 1196: 1181: 1160: 1154: 1151: 1140: 1134: 1046: 1036: 1024: 1022: 1010: 995: 993: 988: 985: 968: 964: 960:Maya scripts 943: 933: 864:case systems 838: 771: 749: 743: 740:Translation: 739: 716:Cody's Books 704: 699: 687: 664: 662: 619:John Quijada 617: 602: 600: 594: 590: 581: 569: 565: 558: 554: 550: 541: 532: 520: 516: 508: 504: 495: 491: 488: 484: 481: 473: 464: 460: 456: 452: 444: 436: 433: 429: 425: 423: 418: 322: 312: 297: 294: 289: 287: 278: 249:experimental 244: 243: 215: 194: 187: 175: 139: 123: 113:2023–present 100:John Quijada 78: 38: 7284:Comparisons 7162:Palawa kani 7157:Medefaidrin 6832:Weltdeutsch 6822:Runyakitara 6810:Interslavic 6643:Interlingue 6638:Interlingua 6621:Interglossa 6548:Blissymbols 6224:ithkuil.net 6121:ithkuil.net 6014:ithkuil.net 5972:(in French) 5940:(in French) 5831:laethiel.fr 5811:October 27, 5737:27 February 5727:Компьютерра 5701:24 February 5603:Ithkuil.net 5574:ithkuil.net 5545:ithkuil.net 5467:Orthography 5238:Associative 5208:Identifies 5158:Designation 5125:Perspective 5116:Affiliation 5097:Perspective 5093:Affiliation 5005:human being 4340:Approximant 3598:validations 3581:derivations 3557:conflations 3089:Approximant 2169:'s novella 1975:The vowels 1611:Approximant 1037:New Ithkuil 1025:New Ithkuil 974:particular 956:logographic 816:, and even 658:Interlingua 630:Los Angeles 622: [ 591:perspective 566:affiliation 527:concept in 345:/εˈlârtkʰa/ 331:: Ithkuil; 302:. In 2008, 230:instead of 7359:Categories 7311:Ido/Novial 7132:Balaibalan 6842:Engineered 6698:Pasilingua 6588:Mundolinco 6495:Engineered 6131:2019-05-03 6102:2019-05-03 6038:2018-08-10 5761:Computerra 5484:References 5416:Illocution 5352:Validation 5312:Illocution 5271:Comparison 5227:Possessive 4866:word roots 4837:April 2021 4800:Formatives 4790:Formatives 4498:Near-close 3586:modalities 3535:formatives 3528:affixation 3268:Near-close 2273:Pharyngeal 2153:determines 2137:Computerra 944:Computerra 936:consonants 855:system of 810:philosophy 744:Romanized: 726:Influences 666:conlanging 646:Portuguese 570:coalescent 555:delimitive 339:: ilaksh; 337:anglicised 333:/ɪθˈkʊ.il/ 329:anglicised 299:Computerra 275:anglicized 91:/ɪθˈkʊ.il/ 7185:Neography 7111:Verdurian 7081:Syldavian 7076:languages 7074:Star Wars 7068:Spocanian 6951:Brithenig 6941:Atlantean 6927:Fictional 6917:Toki Pona 6766:Eurolengo 6603:Universal 6563:Esperanto 6535:auxiliary 6523:languages 6521:Specific 6471:Fictional 6412:(Russian) 6396:April 30, 6238:"Lexicon" 5453:logograms 5390:synthetic 5134:Extension 4584:<ë> 4527:Close-mid 4402:geminated 4221:voiceless 4165:Fricative 4054:aspirated 3978:voiceless 3908:Affricate 3805:Retroflex 3769:Phonology 3621:, and 24 3607:sanctions 3568:valencies 3547:, and 81 3297:Close-mid 3152:/mn̪ŋlɫɻ/ 2900:voiceless 2816:Fricative 2706:aspirated 2653:voiceless 2595:Affricate 2492:aspirated 2422:voiceless 2246:Retroflex 2218:Phonology 2162:Speedtalk 1881:Close-mid 1445:voiceless 1387:Fricative 1339:aspirated 1268:voiceless 1198:Affricate 1075:Retroflex 1043:Phonology 971:syntactic 924:aesthetic 920:cartouche 853:aspectual 834:Len Talmy 806:semiotics 802:semantics 551:extension 525:plurality 521:composite 482:Secondary 430:formative 424:The word 319:Etymology 309:prog-rock 283:auxiliary 189:Glottolog 170:ISO 639-3 109:1978–2023 7142:Enochian 7101:Valyrian 7091:Tsolyáni 7058:Newspeak 7036:Sindarin 6971:Enchanta 6961:Dothraki 6933:artistic 6870:Kalaba-X 6815:Iazychie 6781:Tutonish 6751:Afrihili 6708:Solresol 6703:Sambahsa 6688:Nal Bino 6598:Romániço 6593:Reformed 6573:Arcaicam 6568:Adjuvilo 6525:by group 6466:Artistic 6125:Archived 5976:27 April 5944:27 April 5889:18 March 5695:Archived 5674:April 2, 5641:April 2, 5448:base 100 5432:Modality 5420:Modality 5412:Sanction 5384:Adjuncts 5376:Suffixes 5336:Sanction 5320:Relation 5298:function 5292:Function 5249:Temporal 5205:Category 5193:vocative 5174:Register 4974:daughter 4882:function 4874:function 4794:Adjuncts 4593:Open-mid 4416:(), and 4394:/mn̪ŋlɽ/ 4098:ejective 3812:alveolar 3800:Alveolar 3573:versions 3539:adjuncts 3516:radicals 3339:Open-mid 3044:non-flap 2751:ejective 2534:ejective 2253:alveolar 2241:Alveolar 2178:Newspeak 1082:alveolar 1071:Alveolar 1066:Alveolar 996:register 904:Ethiopic 876:enclitic 696:Germanic 457:holistic 455:was the 341:/iˈlǎkʃ/ 313:Kaduatán 277:form of 256:a priori 236:Help:IPA 7222:Tengwar 7167:Yerkish 7147:Eskayan 7106:Venedic 7096:Utopian 7086:Teonaht 7063:Simlish 7041:more... 7026:Adûnaic 7011:Lydnevi 6991:Kobaïan 6986:Klingon 6865:Ithkuil 6798:Romanid 6761:Efatese 6756:Budinos 6733:Volapük 6678:Mondial 6505:Musical 5858:YouTube 5457:dozenal 5400:Valence 5344:Valence 5260:Spatial 5211:Amount 5166:Version 5150:Context 5142:Essence 4870:pattern 4862:lexicon 4441:Central 4400:can be 3903:Plosive 3847:lateral 3840:central 3832:Glottal 3817:Palatal 3775:phoneme 3689:was an 3612:aspects 3577:formats 3553:degrees 3524:lexemes 3510:Grammar 3203:Central 3182:was an 3178:() and 2351:Plosive 2293:lateral 2286:central 2278:Glottal 2258:Palatal 2083:Lexicon 2074:Grammar 1822:Central 1729:before 1366:(t͡ʃʰ) 1356:(t͡sʰ) 1117:lateral 1110:central 1102:Glottal 1087:Palatal 1031:Outline 976:lexemes 938:and 17 916:Klingon 884:Tzeltal 861:nominal 692:Romance 680:Kobaïan 654:Catalan 642:Spanish 609:History 595:monadic 505:grade 8 489:primary 413:Ithkuil 398:system. 271:phoneme 245:Ithkuil 232:Unicode 140:Ithkuil 130:Purpose 33:Ithkuil 7334:Portal 7217:Sarati 7053:Nadsat 7031:Quenya 7006:Loxian 7001:Lapine 6996:Láadan 6981:Kiliki 6956:Dritok 6931:other 6902:Lojban 6892:Loglan 6880:Lincos 6693:Novial 6653:Kotava 6607:other 6167: 6096:reddit 5910:"FAQs" 5426:, and 5424:Aspect 5360:Aspect 5101:per se 5095:, and 4963:mother 4949:father 4935:parent 4904:(a)mm- 4774:/ø̞ʊ̯/ 4746:/ø̞ɪ̯/ 4420:is an 4170:voiced 3915:voiced 3827:Uvular 3795:Dental 3790:Labial 3756:, and 3700:/ or / 3685:, and 3677:was a 3635:Ilaksh 3623:biases 3603:phases 3592:levels 3520:derive 3174:was a 3000:Liquid 2821:voiced 2720:cʎ̥˔ʰ 2600:voiced 2357:voiced 2268:Uvular 2236:Dental 2231:Labial 2198:per se 2183:Orwell 2051:, and 1987:, and 1785:, and 1741:, and 1709:, and 1392:voiced 1350:(t̪ʰ) 1205:voiced 1097:Uvular 1061:Dental 1056:Labial 1000:Reddit 940:vowels 912:Hebrew 908:Brahmi 900:Láadan 890:, the 874:, the 868:Basque 859:, the 851:, the 841:Abkhaz 832:, and 700:Pskeoj 650:German 648:, and 638:French 603:iţkuîl 559:-ţkuîl 509:k → ţk 474:u → uî 461:Stem 2 428:was a 426:iţkuîl 279:Iţkuîl 261:and a 247:is an 79:Iţkuîl 39:Iţkuîl 18:Ilaksh 7233:Study 7212:Cirth 7137:Damin 7116:Wenja 7048:Naʼvi 7016:Mänti 6976:Kēlen 6771:Guosa 6743:Zonal 6728:Uropi 6718:Unish 6633:Intal 6616:Glosa 6553:Bolak 6488:Zonal 6355:(PDF) 5833:. n.d 5757:(PDF) 5668:(PDF) 5661:(PDF) 5635:(PDF) 5628:(PDF) 5610:(PDF) 5599:(PDF) 5436:Level 5408:Phase 5404:Level 5328:Phase 5183:Cases 5001:(a)q- 4942:child 4770:/ɔʊ̯/ 4766:/ɪʊ̯/ 4762:/əʊ̯/ 4758:/ɛʊ̯/ 4754:/äʊ̯/ 4750:/ʊɪ̯/ 4742:/ɔɪ̯/ 4738:/əɪ̯/ 4734:/ɛɪ̯/ 4730:/äɪ̯/ 4453:Close 4436:Front 4412:or a 4408:is a 4398:/jwʔ/ 4078:t͡ʃʰ 4068:t͡sʰ 3855:Nasal 3822:Velar 3810:Post- 3758:/øu̯/ 3754:/ou̯/ 3750:/iu̯/ 3746:/əu̯/ 3742:/eu̯/ 3738:/æu̯/ 3734:/au̯/ 3730:/ui̯/ 3726:/øi̯/ 3722:/oi̯/ 3718:/əi̯/ 3714:/ei̯/ 3710:/æi̯/ 3706:/ai̯/ 3681:or a 3618:moods 3609:, 32 3583:, 30 3579:, 37 3549:cases 3504:/ae̯/ 3500:/ʉɯ̯/ 3496:/øɯ̯/ 3492:/æɯ̯/ 3488:/ɪɯ̯/ 3484:/oɯ̯/ 3480:/ʊɯ̯/ 3476:/ɤɯ̯/ 3472:/eɯ̯/ 3468:/aɯ̯/ 3464:/øu̯/ 3460:/ou̯/ 3456:/ɪu̯/ 3452:/ɤu̯/ 3448:/eu̯/ 3444:/æu̯/ 3440:/au̯/ 3436:/ʊi̯/ 3432:/oi̯/ 3428:/øi̯/ 3424:/ɤi̯/ 3420:/ei̯/ 3416:/æi̯/ 3412:/ai̯/ 3215:Close 3198:Front 3148:/wɫ̪/ 2803:q͡χʼ 2797:k͡xʼ 2791:c͡çʼ 2732:t͡ʃʰ 2726:ʈ͡ʂʰ 2714:t͡sʰ 2301:Nasal 2263:Velar 2251:Post- 2165:from 1834:Close 1817:Front 1737:, or 1521:Trill 1374:(kʰ) 1344:(pʰ) 1125:Nasal 1092:Velar 1080:Post- 952:tones 845:moods 688:Mbozo 672:Magma 626:] 120:Users 7172:Zaum 6827:Wede 6713:Sona 6543:Babm 6398:2022 6165:ISBN 5978:2023 5946:2023 5891:2023 5866:2022 5839:2022 5813:2023 5787:2022 5739:2022 5703:2023 5676:2021 5643:2021 5581:2022 5552:2022 5515:2022 5434:and 5428:Bias 5368:Bias 5304:Mood 4977:ômm- 4966:îmm- 4959:êmm- 4952:ömm- 4945:âmm- 4938:omm- 4918:umm- 4911:emm- 4792:and 4622:Open 4446:Back 4305:Flap 4136:t͡ʃʼ 4122:t͡sʼ 4062:t̪ʰ 3615:, 8 3605:, 9 3601:, 9 3595:, 9 3589:, 4 3575:, 8 3571:, 6 3544:foci 3537:and 3376:Open 3208:Back 3186:(). 3166:and 3006:flap 2783:t͡ʃʼ 2773:ʈ͡ʂʼ 2761:t͡sʼ 2500:t̪ʰ 2172:Gulf 2131:The 2121:went 2066:and 1942:Open 1827:Back 1564:Flap 1193:Stop 906:and 886:and 870:and 776:and 674:, a 656:and 589:The 564:The 553:was 549:The 540:The 533:kuîl 515:The 496:kuîl 492:mode 485:mode 472:The 443:The 434:root 202:IETF 195:None 176:None 124:None 105:Date 6929:and 6850:aUI 6683:Neo 6583:Ido 5461:tau 5277:24 5255:15 5244:32 5222:11 5074:ôq- 5067:ûq- 5063:îq- 5056:êq- 5049:öq- 5042:âq- 5035:oq- 5015:uq- 5008:eq- 4970:ûmm 4956:son 4748:, 4556:Mid 4418:/ɽ/ 4406:/h/ 4112:t̪ʼ 4016:t͡ʃ 4002:t͡s 3953:d͡ʒ 3939:d͡z 3779:IPA 3647:. / 2805:x̧ʼ 2685:t͡ʃ 2675:ʈ͡ʂ 2663:t͡s 2632:d͡ʒ 2622:ɖ͡ʐ 2610:d͡z 2548:t̪ʼ 2514:cʰ 2185:'s 1753:or 1680:c’, 1306:t͡ʃ 1292:t͡s 1243:d͡ʒ 1229:d͡z 1182:ň/ņ 1157:n̪̥ 898:'s 866:of 751:IPA 582:-u- 465:k-l 453:kul 445:-u- 437:k-l 218:IPA 180:mis 7361:: 6912:Ro 6389:. 6336:. 6318:. 6300:. 6289:^ 6279:. 6261:. 6250:^ 6240:. 6222:. 6199:^ 6189:. 6178:^ 6123:. 6119:. 6094:. 6076:. 6058:. 6047:^ 6012:. 5968:. 5954:^ 5936:. 5922:^ 5912:. 5899:^ 5882:. 5855:. 5829:. 5804:. 5778:. 5759:. 5725:. 5711:^ 5693:. 5601:. 5572:. 5560:^ 5543:. 5523:^ 5504:. 5463:. 5422:, 5418:, 5414:, 5410:, 5406:, 5402:, 5392:. 5266:6 5233:7 5103:. 5091:, 5065:/ 4821:. 4788:, 4772:, 4768:, 4764:, 4760:, 4756:, 4752:, 4744:, 4740:, 4736:, 4732:, 4725:. 4545:oː 4533:eː 4487:uː 4459:iː 4424:. 4380:ʁ̞ 4291:xh 4187:dh 4155:qʼ 4148:kʼ 4140:č’ 4126:c’ 4116:tʼ 4105:pʼ 4089:qʰ 4086:kʰ 4080:čʰ 4070:cʰ 4064:tʰ 4059:pʰ 3992:t̪ 3929:d̪ 3905:/ 3868:n̪ 3752:, 3748:, 3744:, 3740:, 3736:, 3732:, 3728:, 3724:, 3720:, 3716:, 3712:, 3708:, 3652:n̪ 3625:. 3559:. 3530:. 3502:, 3498:, 3494:, 3490:, 3486:, 3482:, 3478:, 3474:, 3470:, 3466:, 3462:, 3458:, 3454:, 3450:, 3446:, 3442:, 3438:, 3434:, 3430:, 3426:, 3422:, 3418:, 3414:, 3160:q̌ 3132:ʁ̞ 3106:ɫ̪ 3056:l̪ 2976:x̧ 2877:y̌ 2857:z̧ 2799:xʼ 2793:çʼ 2787:č’ 2777:ċʼ 2765:c’ 2734:čʰ 2728:ċʰ 2722:q̌ 2716:cʰ 2583:qʼ 2576:kʼ 2570:ķʼ 2566:cʼ 2552:tʼ 2541:pʼ 2523:qʰ 2520:kʰ 2516:ķʰ 2502:tʰ 2497:pʰ 2436:t̪ 2371:d̪ 2314:n̪ 2117:gø 2043:, 2035:, 2027:, 2019:, 2011:, 2003:, 1983:, 1979:, 1787:hn 1783:hm 1781:, 1779:hr 1777:, 1775:hl 1771:kh 1767:kh 1763:kh 1759:kh 1743:dh 1733:, 1721:, 1711:xh 1707:t’ 1705:, 1703:q’ 1701:, 1699:qʰ 1697:, 1693:, 1691:p’ 1689:, 1687:k’ 1685:, 1683:č’ 1665:ʁ̞ 1638:) 1627:l̪ 1594:hr 1592:) 1590:ɾ̥ 1555:řř 1553:) 1539:rr 1537:) 1376:kh 1368:čh 1358:ch 1352:th 1346:ph 1282:t̪ 1219:d̪ 1195:/ 1161:hn 1159:) 1148:n̪ 1141:hm 1139:) 1137:m̥ 991:. 962:. 836:. 828:, 824:, 812:, 808:, 804:, 800:, 796:, 792:, 788:, 784:, 644:, 640:, 632:, 624:id 561:). 542:i- 503:A 6444:e 6437:t 6430:v 6400:. 6357:. 6340:. 6322:. 6304:. 6283:. 6265:. 6244:. 6226:. 6193:. 6148:. 6134:. 6105:. 6062:. 6041:. 6016:. 5980:. 5948:. 5916:. 5893:. 5868:. 5841:. 5815:. 5789:. 5741:. 5705:. 5678:. 5645:. 5583:. 5554:. 5517:. 5502:" 4968:/ 4850:) 4844:( 4839:) 4835:( 4831:. 4825:. 4723:/ 4720:ʊ 4715:ɪ 4712:/ 4708:/ 4705:o 4700:e 4697:/ 4693:/ 4690:ɔ 4685:ɛ 4682:/ 4678:/ 4675:u 4670:i 4667:/ 4663:/ 4660:ʊ 4655:ɪ 4652:/ 4644:â 4640:ɑ 4634:a 4630:ä 4615:o 4611:ɔ 4603:e 4599:ɛ 4580:ə 4574:ö 4569:ø 4566:~ 4563:œ 4549:ô 4537:ê 4520:u 4516:ʊ 4508:i 4504:ɪ 4491:û 4481:ü 4476:y 4473:~ 4470:ʉ 4463:î 4384:ř 4373:w 4367:y 4363:j 4352:l 4323:r 4319:ɽ 4297:h 4287:χ 4280:x 4273:ç 4267:š 4263:ʃ 4255:ļ 4251:ɬ 4244:s 4238:ţ 4234:θ 4227:f 4207:ž 4204:ʒ 4193:z 4183:ð 4176:v 4046:’ 4042:ʔ 4035:q 4028:k 4020:č 4006:c 3996:t 3985:p 3965:ɡ 3957:j 3943:ż 3933:d 3922:b 3892:ň 3888:ŋ 3872:n 3861:m 3702:ɯ 3698:ɨ 3687:ɽ 3675:h 3671:ʔ 3668:w 3665:j 3661:ɽ 3658:l 3655:ŋ 3649:m 3644:ɬ 3403:â 3399:ɑ 3392:a 3386:ä 3382:æ 3369:o 3365:ɔ 3357:ö 3353:œ 3349:e 3345:ɛ 3332:ô 3328:o 3324:ë 3320:ɤ 3311:ø 3307:ê 3303:e 3290:u 3286:ʊ 3278:i 3274:ɪ 3261:û 3257:u 3253:ï 3249:ɯ 3243:ü 3239:ʉ 3233:ÿ 3229:y 3225:î 3221:i 3180:r 3172:h 3168:w 3164:y 3156:h 3136:ř 3124:y 3120:j 3110:ł 3095:w 3070:ŗ 3066:ɻ 3060:l 3025:r 3021:ɽ 2992:h 2986:ḩ 2982:ħ 2972:χ 2965:x 2958:ç 2952:š 2948:ʃ 2942:ş 2938:ʂ 2933:ļ 2930:ɬ 2923:s 2917:ţ 2913:θ 2906:f 2887:ǧ 2883:ɣ 2873:ʝ 2867:ž 2863:ʒ 2853:ʐ 2844:z 2838:ḑ 2834:ð 2827:v 2689:č 2679:ċ 2667:c 2636:j 2626:ż 2614:ƶ 2484:’ 2480:ʔ 2471:q 2464:k 2458:ķ 2454:c 2440:t 2429:p 2410:ġ 2406:ɢ 2399:ɡ 2393:ǰ 2389:ɟ 2375:d 2364:b 2338:ņ 2334:ŋ 2318:n 2307:m 2068:u 2064:i 2057:~ 2053:ö 2049:~ 2045:ü 2041:~ 2037:ë 2033:~ 2029:u 2025:~ 2021:o 2017:~ 2013:i 2009:~ 2005:e 2001:~ 1997:a 1993:ä 1989:û 1985:ô 1981:î 1977:ê 1966:a 1963:ɑ 1961:~ 1958:a 1952:ä 1948:æ 1935:o 1932:ɔ 1930:~ 1927:o 1921:ë 1918:ʌ 1916:~ 1913:ə 1907:ö 1904:œ 1902:~ 1899:ø 1895:e 1892:ɛ 1890:~ 1887:e 1874:u 1871:ʊ 1869:~ 1866:u 1860:ü 1857:y 1855:~ 1852:ʉ 1846:i 1843:ɪ 1841:~ 1839:i 1803:ř 1799:r 1795:r 1791:h 1755:ḍ 1751:đ 1747:ḑ 1739:x 1735:g 1731:k 1727:n 1723:ň 1719:~ 1715:x 1695:q 1669:ř 1660:) 1657:w 1654:( 1650:y 1647:j 1640:r 1636:ɹ 1634:( 1630:l 1617:w 1588:( 1586:r 1582:ɽ 1579:~ 1577:ɾ 1551:ʀ 1549:( 1535:r 1533:( 1513:h 1507:χ 1505:~ 1502:x 1495:ç 1489:š 1486:ʃ 1479:ļ 1475:ɬ 1468:s 1462:ţ 1458:θ 1451:f 1430:ž 1426:ʒ 1415:z 1409:ḑ 1405:ð 1398:v 1331:’ 1327:ʔ 1318:k 1310:č 1296:c 1286:t 1275:p 1255:ɡ 1247:j 1233:ẓ 1223:d 1212:b 1178:ŋ 1155:( 1152:n 1135:( 1131:m 1073:~ 753:: 694:- 584:) 238:. 182:) 178:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index