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1162:, Christa Margot Fröhlich, and Ali Kamal Al-Issawi. Germany has refused to extradite Weinrich and Fröhlich, and Al-Issawi, a Palestinian, "is reportedly on the run." Ramírez Sánchez continues to deny any involvement in the attacks. On 15 December 2011, Ramírez Sánchez, Weinrich and Issawi were convicted and sentenced to life in prison; Fröhlich was acquitted. Ramírez Sánchez appealed against the verdict and a new trial began in May 2013. He lost his appeal on 26 June 2013 and judges in a special anti-terrorism court upheld his life sentence.
644:) that attacked the meeting of OPEC leaders. The team took more than 60 hostages and killed three: an Austrian policeman, an Iraqi OPEC employee, and a member of the Libyan delegation. Sánchez demanded that Austrian authorities read a communiqué about the Palestinian cause on Austrian radio and television networks every two hours. To avoid the threatened execution of a hostage every 15 minutes, the Austrian government agreed and the communiqué was broadcast as demanded.
1061:." He defended himself over the remaining eight days of his trial and gave the court a rambling four hour closing statement. The jury deliberated for three hours and forty-eight minutes before returning with a verdict on 23 December finding him guilty on all counts. He was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Later trials confirmed this sentence and added two more life sentences.
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1136:, Venezuela. On 20 November 2009, Chávez publicly defended Carlos, saying that he is wrongly considered to be "a bad guy" and that he believed Carlos had been unfairly convicted. Chávez also called him "one of the great fighters of the Palestine Liberation Organisation". France summoned the Venezuelan ambassador and demanded an explanation. Chávez, however, declined to retract his comments.
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1190:, writing that "Today, confronted by the threat to Civilization, there is a response: revolutionary Islam! Only men and women armed with a total faith in the founding values of truth, justice, and fraternity will be prepared to lead the combat and deliver humanity from the empire of mendacity." He also praised
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magazine published an interview with Sánchez in which is admitted he was responsible. The grenade was tracked and found to have been stolen from a US army base in 1972. Another was found at the Paris home of Carlos's mistress. Carlos denied that the interview ever took place. After a lengthy appeal
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The trial began on 12 December 1997. Carlos unsuccessfully demanded that he be released on the grounds he had been illegally arrested. He argued with his original lawyers and replaced them, before eventually dismissing them all. Sánchez denied the 1975 murder of two French agents and
Moukharbal. He
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judge Jean-Louis Bruguière ordered a new trial for Ramírez Sánchez on charges relating to "killings and destruction of property using explosive substances" in France in 1982 and 1983, some targeting trains, which killed 11 people and injured nearly 150. Ramírez Sánchez denied any connection to the
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was arrested and imprisoned, Sánchez detonated a series of bombs, claiming 11 lives and injuring more than 100, demanding the French release his wife. For many years he was among the most-wanted international fugitives. He was ultimately captured by extra-judicial means in Sudan and transferred to
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during 1993. They identified a man known to be working as a body guard for
Sanchez and surveilled him until he led them to Sanchez' apartment on 8 February 1994. They established an observation post in an abandoned hospital across the street and watched him for four months, when they handed their
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to correct a low sperm count. After the operation, a
Sudanese police officer told him that the government had learned of a plot to kill him. An armed escort took him and his bodyguards to a villa near al-Turabi's home. His wife went back to their home to get some personal belongings but did not
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agent, and Klein claimed that Sánchez had received a large sum of money for the safe release of the Arab hostages and had kept it for his personal use. Claims are that the amount was between US$ 20 million and US$ 50 million. The source of the money is also uncertain but, according to
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on Sudan's behalf and help secure loans that would eventually erase Sudan's foreign debt. al-Turabi was also shown surveillance videos of
Sanchez partying, drinking and carousing with women, which offended al-Turabi's Muslim faith. al-Turabi, who had agreed to protect Sanchez as a "combatant,
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offered the
Sudanese government much needed communications equipment and even supplied them with satellite pictures of their enemy's positions. al-Turabi was invited to Paris to negotiate for Sanchez' extradition. al-Turabi was adamant that his culture forbade him from giving up a guest in his
779:'s secret police. They provided him with an office and safe houses in East Berlin, a support staff of 75, and a service car, and allowed him to carry a pistol while in public. From here, Carlos is believed to have planned his attacks on several European targets, including the bombing of the
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return. At 3 a.m. on 14 August 1994, Carlos was wakened by several men who pinned him to the bed. They put him in hand and leg cuffs before a doctor tranquilized him. He was taken from the villa and placed aboard a private jet on which he was flown to Paris to face trial.
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and an unidentified
Brazilian general traveled to Tehran in 1976 to offer a collaboration with the Shah regime to kill Carlos in exchange for a large sum of money. It is not known what actually happened in the meetings. In September 1976, Carlos was arrested, detained in
2214:
895:, was the friend of his sister, Dietmar Clodo, a known German terrorist and the leader of the Panther Brigade of the PFLP. Hungary expelled Carlos in late 1985, and he was refused sanctuary in Iraq, Libya and Cuba before he found limited support in Syria. He settled in
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had a sporadic correspondence with Carlos from the latter's prison cell in France. Chávez sent a letter in which he addresses Carlos as a "distinguished compatriot". On 1 June 2006, Chávez referred to him as his "good friend" during a meeting of OPEC countries held in
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plays supporting character Manolo, a ladies' man whose favorite pickup technique is tricking women by vaguely implying he is an international terrorist named "Carlos" and needs their help to both avoid capture and be able to move about freely, usually back to his
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491:. When two unarmed agents of the DST interrogated Sánchez at a Parisian house party, Moukharbal revealed Sánchez' identity. Sánchez then shot and killed the two agents and Moukharbal, fled the scene, and managed to escape via
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France, where he was convicted of multiple crimes. He is currently serving three life sentences in France. In his first trial, he was convicted of the 1975 murder of an informant for the French government and two French
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With conditional support from the Iraqi regime and after the death of Haddad, Carlos offered the services of his group to the PFLP and other groups. His group's first attack may have been a failed rocket attack on the
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near Paris on 13 and 17 January 1975. The second attack resulted in gunfighting with police at the airport and a seventeen-hour hostage situation involving hundreds of riot police and the French
Interior Minister
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events in his 2011 trial, staging a nine-day hunger strike to protest his imprisonment conditions. The trial began on 7 November 2011, in Paris. Three other members of Ramírez Sánchez's organization were tried
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visited West
Germany in 1981, Carlos did not undertake any attacks, at the request of the KGB. Western intelligence had expected activity during this period. Carlos also had relations with the leadership of
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Carlos had left his first wife who had taken their daughter with her to
Venezuela. Carlos was eager to father a child with his second wife Lana Jarrar. He was admitted to the hospital in Khartoum for a
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in Spain. Carlos himself appears as a character, planning the attack from his cell and expressing his frustrations when the terrorists are defeated by the titular
Rainbow counterterrorist organization.
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agents. While in prison, he was further convicted of attacks in France that killed 11 and injured 150 people and sentenced to an additional life term in 2011, and then to a third life term in 2017.
2215:"27 juin 1975, trois morts rue Toullier à Paris. Un carnage signé Carlos. L'ancien terroriste est jugé à partir d'aujourd'hui pour des faits qui lui ont valu une condamnation par contumace en 1992"
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On completing guerrilla training, Sánchez (as he was now calling himself) played an active role for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in the north of Jordan during the
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Klein, it was from "an Arab president". Sánchez later told his lawyers that the money was paid by the Saudis on behalf of the Iranians and was "diverted en route and lost by the Revolution."
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attacks on three French newspapers accused of pro-Israeli leanings. He claimed to be the grenade thrower at a Parisian restaurant in an attack that killed two and injured 30 as part of the
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1057:. He told the court, "When one wages war for 30 years, there is a lot of blood spilled—mine and others. But we never killed anyone for money, but for a cause—the liberation of
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which provided them with a base, weapons, and passports, and commissioned the Munich RFE offices bombing as part of an eventually unsuccessful hunt for a Romanian defector, former General
284:, while two younger siblings were named "Lenin" (born 1951) and "Vladimir" (born 1958). Ilyich attended a high school in Liceo Fermin Toro of Caracas and joined the youth movement of the
1302:(2010), following five years of infiltration as a Palestinian-Venezuelan terrorist, during which he did extensive research on Carlos, met his family, and corresponded with him in prison.
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pistol, which bounced off Sieff just between his nose and upper lip and knocked him unconscious; the gun then jammed and Sánchez fled. The attack was announced as retaliation for
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on the bookshelf of a friend's apartment in which Sánchez had stashed some weapons. The book belonged to a resident in the apartment, not Sánchez, who probably never read it.
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1567:, one of the player's adversaries is a female assassin known as Carla The Jackal. As a further allusion, the mission where Bond confronts her is called "Night of the Jackal".
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as a car dealer named Simon who is trying to seduce the wife of a U.S. counterterrorism operative. The operative seeks revenge by accusing Simon of being Carlos the Jackal.
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Peterson, J. M. (2005). "IASCP Special Feature: An Interview with a True Legend in the Special Operations and Counterterrorism Community, Author of Hunting the Jackel".
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1120:) had been. Ramírez Sánchez was awarded €10,000 for costs and expenses, having made no claim for compensation for damage. In 2006, he was moved from La Santé to
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approached him for work and in September 1991 he was expelled from Syria, which had supported the American intervention against the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
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in June 1975. These two would have possessed Sánchez' phone number in Paris. Paraguayan authorities would then have handed over the information to France.
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conflict of 1970, gaining a reputation as a fighter. After the organisation was pushed out of Jordan, he returned to Beirut. He was sent to be trained by
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on 31 December 1983 (2 dead, 33 injured), and the bombing of the Marseille-Paris TGV train (3 dead, 12 injured) on the same day. In August 1983, he also
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1345:(1993) is a detailed account of Yallop's attempts through the 1980s to unearth the true story of Carlos, as he attempts to secure an interview with him.
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2007:
248:(OPEC) headquarters in Vienna, during which three people were killed. He and five others demanded a plane and flew with a number of hostages to Libya.
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of the charges, in May 2016 his trial was ordered to proceed and opened in March 2017. On 28 March 2017, he was sentenced to an additional life term.
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695:, where more hostages were freed, before he returned to Algiers. The last hostages were freed there and some of the terrorists were granted asylum.
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In 2017 Sanchez claimed responsibility for 80 deaths and boasted that "no one in the Palestinian resistance has executed more people than I have."
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at Rue Toullier in 1979. The warrant allowed the French government to avoid the lengthy process of applying to Interpol for an extradition order.
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to await trial. Although the French had violated international law by capturing and removing Carlos from Sudan by force, a majority of the
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These attacks led to international pressure on Eastern European states that harboured Carlos. For over two years, he lived in Hungary, in
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350:, Jordan. On graduating, he studied at a finishing school, code-named H4 and staffed by Iraqi military, near the Syria-Iraq border.
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and ordered the maid to take him to Sieff. Finding Sieff in the bathroom, in his bath, Sánchez fired one bullet at Sieff from his
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806:– were arrested in Paris. The car was found to contain explosives. After their arrest, a letter was sent to the French embassy in
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2372:"'RFE/RL Will Continue To Be Heard': Carlos the Jackal and The Bombing of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 21, 1981"
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1291:, a man with international contacts that allow him to strike efficiently and anonymously at locations anywhere on the globe.
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640:(Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) in Vienna. On 21 December 1975, he led a six-person team (including
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in Moscow. According to the BBC, it was "a notorious hotbed for recruiting foreign communists to the Soviet Union" (see
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860:(ASALA). The Stasi asked Carlos to use his influence on ASALA to tone down the Armenian group's anti-Soviet activity.
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demanding their immediate release. Meanwhile, Carlos unsuccessfully lobbied the French government for their release.
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On 26 June 1975, Sánchez' PFLP contact, Lebanon-born Michel Moukharbal, was captured and interrogated by the French
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1979:
Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi. The Best of Enemies: The Memoirs of Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi, 1995.
1939:
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280:. Despite his mother's pleas to give their firstborn child a Christian first name, José called him Ilyich, after
228:, is a Venezuelan who conducted a series of assassinations and terrorist bombings from 1973 to 1985. A committed
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In June 2003, Carlos published a collection of writings from his jail cell. The book, whose title translates as
1014:
someone who fought for the Palestinian cause" now considered Sanchez a "hoodlum." He agreed to give up Sanchez.
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was tasked with finding Sanchez. He and other members of his team searched for Sanchez for about four months in
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232:, Ramírez Sánchez was one of the most notorious political terrorists of his era, protected and supported by the
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1335:(2004) reveals the CIA operation in Sudan to locate and photograph Carlos, which led to his arrest in Khartoum.
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gave him the code name "Carlos" because of his South American roots. Sánchez was dubbed "The Jackal" by
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1198:, portraying it as a "lofty feat" to liberate the Islamic Holy Lands and advance the Palestinian cause.
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After searching over two years for a country who would allow him to remain there, after a short stay in
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under the protection of Sheik Hassan al-Turabi, a powerful Muslim fundamentalist leader. At that time,
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forced Carlos to remain inactive, and he was subsequently seen as a neutralized threat. In 1990, the
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expelled Carlos for not shooting hostages when PFLP demands were not met, thus failing his mission.
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461:. Sánchez fled during the gunfight while the three other PFLP terrorists were allowed passage to
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The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals
402:(now known as the University of Westminster), and apparently continued to work for the PFLP.
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2538:"Three decades of terror, racism and genocide come to an end in Sudan. But what comes next?"
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1223:(1994) about Carlos the Jackal. The Countess knew Carlos as a charming playboy in the 1970s.
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2963:"Paris court sentences Carlos the Jackal to life in prison for 4 deadly attacks in 1980s"
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in September 1974, when a grenade tossed in the cafe killed two and wounded 34. In 1979,
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in January 1966 with his father, Ilyich reportedly spent the summer at Camp Matanzas, a
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2122:"Terrorist Incidents against Jewish Communities and Israeli Citizens Abroad, 1968-2003"
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2182:"El día en que Manuel Contreras le ofreció al Sha de Irán matar a "Carlos, El Chacal""
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in February 1981. Carlos' organisation was also backed by the Romanian government of
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Le terroriste Carlos renvoyé aux assises pour l'attentat du drugstore Saint-Germain
2657:"Carlos the Jackal gets third life sentence after conviction for 1974 Paris attack"
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Cold War Radio: The Dangerous History of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950-1989
2002:
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and of Michel Moukharbal, a former accomplice. He was sent to the maximum-security
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In an attempt to force the French to free the two, France was struck by a wave of
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claimed Sánchez and his wife were shot to death in central Bogota on 24 November.
342:(PFLP) in July 1970. He was sent to a training camp for foreign volunteers of the
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Marriage of convenience the evolution of Iran and Al Qaida's tactical cooperation
2124:. International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. 20 December 2003. Archived from
1112:(prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment) had not been violated; however,
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A French judge issued a national arrest warrant against Carlos for murdering two
3064:"Globe-hopping former extremist 'Carlos the Jackal' is on trial again in France"
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1998:"Carlos director Olivier Assayas on the terrorist who became a pop culture icon"
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1215:(née Aline Griffith), whose first three books were memoirs of her work with the
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3340:"Carlos the Jackal, imprisoned for life, looks in lawsuit to protect his image"
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2397:"Carlos condamné à la réclusion criminelle à perpétuité et 18 ans de sûreté"
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in 1996 rejected his application for release based on how he was captured.
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lawyer José Altagracia Ramírez Navas and Elba María Sánchez, was born in
1863:
Jackal: The Complete Story of the Legendary Terrorist, Carlos the Jackal
3292:
Tracking the Jackal: The Search for Carlos, the World's Most Wanted Man
3262:
Jackal: The Complete Story of the Legendary Terrorist Carlos the Jackal
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1960:
The Best of Enemies: The Memoirs of Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi,
1936:
1817:"Carlos the Jackal given another life sentence for 1980s terror attack"
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to carry out a terrorist attack on the Presidential Inauguration Ball.
413:. On 30 December, Sánchez called on Sieff's home on Queen's Grove in
2339:"Revealed: the terrorist hired by the CIA to catch Carlos the Jackal"
1519:(2010) documents the life of Ramírez Sánchez. The miniseries won the
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3089:"'Carlos the Jackal' must face trial for 1974 attack: appeal court"
405:
In 1973, Sánchez conducted a failed PFLP assassination attempt on
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1839:"'Carlos the Jackal' sentenced to third life term for 1974 attack"
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Military Assistance Command-Vietnam Studies and Observations Group
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2993:"Perpétuité requise en appel contre Carlos pour quatre attentats"
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Journal of Counterterrorism & Homeland Security International
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terrorists attempt to negotiate Carlos's release by attacking an
432:
Sánchez admitted responsibility for a failed bomb attack on the
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2043:"House where Carlos the Jackal first struck faces the bulldozer"
1795:"Carlos the Jackal convicted for 1980s French terrorist attacks"
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2098:"Elizabeth Sieff's mission to put a low price on the high life"
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Carta de Hugo Chávez a Ilich Ramírez Sánchez alias «El Chacal»
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Middle Eastern terrorism: from Black September to September 11
1665:"Rescued from the shredder, Carlos the Jackal's missing years"
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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398:. He eventually left the Middle East to attend courses at the
319:. In 1968, José tried to enroll Ilyich and his brother at the
237:
3369:– article and map of Carlos's alleged activities in Paris by
3324:"Ex-guerrilla Carlos to sue France over solitary confinement"
3107:"Carlos the Jackal to face trial in France over 1974 bombing"
2028:
Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi. The Best of Enemies, p 89
307:
His mother took the children to London, where she studied at
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La familia de Carlos "El Chacal" espera más gestos de Chávez
2634:"'Carlos The Jackal' convicted, sentenced to life in prison"
1718:"Carlos the Jackal Receives a Third Life Sentence in France"
840:
against a PFLP training camp in Lebanon the previous month.
3137:"'Carlos the Jackal' jailed over 1974 Paris grenade attack"
2903:"'Carlos the Jackal' jailed over 1974 Paris grenade attack"
240:. After several bungled bombings, Ramírez Sánchez led the
2940:"Cold War Mastermind Carlos the Jackal on Trial in France"
27:
Venezuelan-born international terror operative (born 1949)
843:
Historians' examination of Stasi files, accessible after
636:
From Beirut, Sánchez participated in the planning for an
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Venezuelan people convicted of murdering police officers
798:
On 16 February 1982, two of the group – Swiss terrorist
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In October 2014, he was also charged for an attack on
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heard a complaint from Sánchez that his long years of
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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine members
2861:"Venezuela's Hugo Chavez defends 'Carlos the Jackal'"
1743:"Venezuela's Hugo Chavez defends 'Carlos the Jackal'"
1287:, which depicts Carlos as the world's most dangerous
819:
bombing of the Paris-Toulouse TGV 'Le Capitole' train
2153:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 80–82.
3502:
Venezuelan prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
3367:"Carlos the Jackal's Parisian trail of destruction"
3015:"CARLOS THE JACKAL LOSES APPEAL IN FRENCH BOMBINGS"
1691:"Carlos the Jackal's Parisian trail of destruction"
1186:, Ramírez Sánchez professed his admiration for the
1081:, seeks to explain and defend violence in terms of
372:after one of its correspondents reportedly spotted
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3462:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by France
3315:"Carlos the Jackal: Trail of Terror: First Strike"
2485:"Grand Chamber judgment Ramirez Sanchez v. France"
858:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
830:the bombing of the Gare Saint-Charles in Marseille
3276:To the Ends of the Earth: The Hunt for the Jackal
2681:"Carlos The Jackal Ends His 20-day Hunger Strike"
2302:"Book Inspired Counter-Revolution", published in
1773:"Communists want 'Carlos the Jackal' repatriated"
1475:in a scene recounting the acts of retaliation to
1343:To the Ends of the Earth: The Hunt for the Jackal
977:In 1993, CIA contractor and former senior NCO of
671:, flew Sánchez and a number of others, including
409:, a Jewish businessman and vice president of the
246:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
2700:
2698:
1609:"Ilich Ramirez Sanchez (Carlos the Jackal) 1949"
1398:, Carlos the Jackal is the movie's main villain.
1033:He was charged with the 1975 murders of the two
828:in Paris on 22 April 1982 (1 dead, 63 injured);
331:). He was expelled from the university in 1970.
3452:Peoples' Friendship University of Russia alumni
2881:"Carlos the Jackal was 'revolutionary': Chavez"
2172:
2170:
46: and the second or maternal family name is
3290:. This book was also published under the name
2456:. Courtroom Television Network. Archived from
1273:Carlos the Jackal features prominently as the
767:, and flown to Baghdad. He chose to settle in
3422:Converts to Islam from atheism or agnosticism
2707:"'Carlos the Jackal' goes on trial in France"
2692:. 24 November 1998. Retrieved on 20 May 2010.
2552:"On al Qaeda, Iran speaks with forked tongue"
2036:
2034:
1499:, includes an interview with Ramírez Sánchez.
887:for some of his financial resources, such as
847:, demonstrates a link between Carlos and the
651:and 42 hostages an airplane and flew them to
386:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
360:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
340:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
8:
3352:"When Global Terrorism Went by Another Name"
1680:, 30 October 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010
1531:, who is from the same home state as Carlos.
1249:Jackal: The Secret Wars Of Carlos The Jackal
834:attacked the Maison de France in West Berlin
655:, as demanded for the hostages' release. Ex-
647:On 22 December, the government provided the
468:According to FBI agent Robert Scherrer, one
1635:"Feared Terrorist Mastermind Goes On Trial"
1587:"Ilich Ramírez (Carlos the Jackal) Sánchez"
934:Carlos the Jackal has been incarcerated in
821:on 29 March 1982 (5 dead, 77 injured); the
446:two failed rocket propelled grenade attacks
3376:"Carlos sentenced to life by French court"
3264:by John Follain. Arcade Publishing, 1988.
2752:. 25 March 2004. Retrieved on 20 May 2010.
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1479:, making him accountable for some of them.
946:, Sanchez entered the Sudanese capital of
851:, via the East German secret police. When
553:about living persons that is unsourced or
334:From Moscow, Ramírez Sánchez travelled to
65:
54:
1954:
1952:
1363:, is loosely inspired by Ramírez Sánchez.
1359:(1979), starring Dominican Mexican actor
1001:country. French Minister of the Interior
899:with Kopp and their daughter, Elba Rosa.
727:hostages – the finance minister of Iran,
624:Learn how and when to remove this message
304:. Later that year, his parents divorced.
3417:Alumni of the London School of Economics
2612:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights"
731:, and the oil minister of Saudi Arabia,
338:, Lebanon, where he volunteered for the
2775:. 4 May 2007. Retrieved on 20 May 2010.
2479:
2477:
2475:
1577:
1548:It's Great When You're Straight... Yeah
1527:. Carlos is played by Venezuelan actor
1298:Spanish journalist Antonio Salas wrote
683:, and Gabriele Kröcher-Tiedemann, from
442:1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague
323:in Paris, but eventually opted for the
216:; born 12 October 1949), also known as
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2409:Cummings, Richard H. (22 April 2009).
1783:from the original on 19 February 2011.
1645:from the original on 13 November 2013.
1597:from the original on 10 November 2011.
1089:and his attacks on the United States.
1068:, Ramírez Sánchez married his lawyer,
1049:said the murders were orchestrated by
922:Carlos the Jackal was incarcerated in
703:In the years following the OPEC raid,
663:, at that time the personal pilot for
3487:Venezuelan people convicted of murder
3095:from the original on 2 February 2017.
2950:from the original on 8 November 2011.
2842:Nacional y Política - eluniversal.com
2332:
2330:
2318:"The Securitate Arsenal for Carlos,"
2314:
2312:
2295:
2293:
2196:from the original on 9 September 2015
1827:from the original on 16 January 2017.
1805:from the original on 20 October 2017.
1541:Carlos's face is on the cover of the
1085:. In the book, he voices support for
211:
71:Photograph of Ramírez Sánchez from a
7:
3432:People convicted of murder by France
2717:from the original on 9 November 2011
2450:"Carlos the Jacket: Trail of Terror"
2283:Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi.
2010:from the original on 5 November 2013
1958:Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi.
1488:(2007) features a chapter on Carlos.
1315:(1976), published by Andre Deutsch (
1311:, wrote the authoritative biography
3497:Venezuelan people imprisoned abroad
2762:"Carlos the Jackal faces new trial"
2499:from the original on 14 August 2014
1849:from the original on 29 March 2017.
1525:Best Miniseries or Television Movie
1110:European Convention on Human Rights
1043:European Commission of Human Rights
362:(PFLP) in 1970, recruiting officer
3143:from the original on 28 March 2017
3117:from the original on 13 March 2017
3003:from the original on 27 June 2013.
2887:. 28 November 2009. Archived from
2041:Valentine Low (12 February 2008).
1104:". In 2006 the court decided that
638:attack on the headquarters of OPEC
25:
3221:from the original on 25 June 2012
3190:"'Jackal' book praises Bin Laden"
3021:from the original on 30 June 2013
2920:Carlos the Jackal faces new trial
2705:Willsher, Kim (7 November 2011).
2622:from the original on 7 June 2012.
1753:from the original on 26 July 2012
1716:Morenne, Benoît (28 March 2017).
1615:from the original on 23 July 2012
3282:. New York: Random House, 1993.
3170:from the original on 25 May 2017
2644:from the original on 3 May 2010.
1564:James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire
1277:in the first and third books of
675:, a supporter of the imprisoned
520:
500:Bureau of Inter-American Affairs
213:[iˈlitʃraˈmiɾesˈsantʃes]
3244:Carlos: Portrait of a Terrorist
3162:Wolin, Richard (21 July 2010).
2096:William Cash (8 January 2010).
1946:, BBC profile, 24 December 1997
1313:Carlos: Portrait Of A Terrorist
1102:inhuman and degrading treatment
290:Third Tricontinental Conference
3196:. 26 June 2003. Archived from
2655:Labbe, Chine (28 March 2017).
2493:European Court of Human Rights
1996:Steve Rose (23 October 2010).
1305:Colin Smith, reporter for the
1094:European Court of Human Rights
1:
3378:(Radio France Internationale)
2737:My Love for Carlos the Jackal
2337:Burke, Jason (9 April 2023).
1455:, centers around a fictional
823:car-bombing of the newspaper
425:'s assassination in Paris of
400:Polytechnic of Central London
288:in 1959. After attending the
276:, in the Venezuelan state of
76:
3437:People extradited from Sudan
2870:, BBC News, 21 November 2009
2686:28 October 2011 at Wikiwix,
2601:Follain (1998), pp. 274–276.
1823:. London. 15 December 2011.
1801:. London. 16 December 2011.
1471:(2005) makes a reference to
1463:mission to hunt down Carlos.
1262:In Charles Lichtman's novel
1251:(1998), published by Orion (
1213:Aline, Countess of Romanones
1118:right to an effective remedy
974:were also staying in Sudan.
531:biography of a living person
485:domestic intelligence agency
36:, the first or paternal
3442:People extradited to France
3371:Radio France Internationale
2804:Blanco y Negro – secundaria
2742:September 14, 2014, at the
1927:, Harvey W. Kushner, p. 321
1366:In the American spy comedy
1011:International Monetary Fund
558:must be removed immediately
444:. He later participated in
3533:
3507:Venezuelan revolutionaries
3304:. SAGE Publications, 2002.
2239:"Cable: 1976BOGOTA11856_b"
1404:Death Has a Bad Reputation
1386:(1988), which is based on
1221:The Well Mannered Assassin
1053:and condemned Israel as a
642:Gabriele Kröcher-Tiedemann
509:
411:British Zionist Federation
325:Patrice Lumumba University
317:London School of Economics
286:Venezuelan Communist Party
31:
3298:Encyclopedia of Terrorism
2809:22 September 2009 at the
1925:Encyclopedia of Terrorism
1202:Depictions and references
715:Sánchez left Algeria for
198:
171:
64:
2866:26 November 2009 at the
2399:. AFP, 16 December 2011.
2075:. Penguin. p. 616.
2072:The Defence of the Realm
1749:. UK. 21 November 2009.
358:When Sánchez joined the
268:Ramírez Sánchez, son of
3211:Salas, Antonio (2010).
2946:. UK. 7 November 2011.
2524:30 January 2024 at the
2147:Ensalaco, Mark (2008).
1295:is sent to trap Carlos.
1005:offered to talk to the
954:'s chief of operations
914:Arrest and imprisonment
75:under an assumed name,
3467:Terrorism in Venezuela
3412:20th-century criminals
3329:1 January 2007 at the
3250:. Sphere Books, 1976.
3045:8 October 2014 at the
2847:27 August 2009 at the
1942:27 August 2010 at the
1860:Follain, John (1998).
1477:Operation Wrath of God
1070:Isabelle Coutant-Peyre
960:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
939:
927:
545:Please help by adding
309:Stafford House College
221:
163:Isabelle Coutant-Peyre
129:
3517:Venezuelan guerrillas
3477:Venezuelan communists
3357:All Things Considered
3164:"The Counter-Thinker"
3062:Rochiccioli, Pierre.
2925:20 April 2011 at the
2767:20 April 2011 at the
2226:Liberation Newspaper,
1903:Follain (1998), p. 9.
1894:Follain (1998), p. 4.
1482:The documentary film
1409:Lawrence Gordon Clark
1266:, Carlos is hired by
1264:The Last Inauguration
1178:Later political views
1127:Venezuelan president
933:
921:
870:nuclear power station
498:In November 1976 the
379:The Day of the Jackal
282:Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
205:Ilich Ramírez Sánchez
143:Imprisoned since 1994
59:Ilich Ramírez Sánchez
18:Ilich Ramírez Sánchez
3317:by Patrick Bellamy,
3200:on 15 December 2022.
3166:. The New Republic.
2885:Agence France-Presse
2828:2 March 2009 at the
2264:Death on Small Wings
2243:search.wikileaks.org
2220:30 June 2011 at the
1777:The Washington Times
1670:24 July 2017 at the
1611:. Historyofwar.org.
1407:(1990), directed by
1357:Carlos el Terrorista
1196:September 11 attacks
1098:solitary confinement
989:intelligence to the
872:on 18 January 1982.
845:German reunification
687:. Atkinson flew the
679:and a member of the
551:Contentious material
478:arrested in Paraguay
346:on the outskirts of
3447:People from Táchira
3345:The Washington Post
3091:. AFP. 4 May 2016.
2973:on 23 December 2018
2616:cmiskp.echr.coe.int
2285:The Best of Enemies
2055:on 12 January 2010.
1937:"Carlos the Jackal"
1799:The Daily Telegraph
1641:. 6 November 2011.
1392:Richard Chamberlain
1383:The Bourne Identity
1329:'s nonfiction book
1247:John Follain wrote
1184:Revolutionary Islam
1078:Revolutionary Islam
1066:converting to Islam
699:Expulsion from PFLP
681:Revolutionary Cells
573:"Carlos the Jackal"
506:OPEC raid in Vienna
258:counterintelligence
124:Carlos the Jackal (
3512:Nicknames in crime
3482:Venezuelan Muslims
3360:– audio report by
2961:Associated Press.
2790:4 May 2009 at the
2300:Regnery, Alfred S.
2245:. 26 November 1976
2110:on 3 January 2012.
2067:Christopher Andrew
1722:The New York Times
1591:The New York Times
1521:Golden Globe Award
1495:(2009), about the
1493:Blekingegadebanden
1390:'s book and stars
1332:Hunting the Jackal
1219:, wrote the novel
1188:Iranian Revolution
1182:In his 2003 book,
1167:Drugstore Publicis
1158:at the same time:
940:
928:
926:in Paris (center).
802:and Carlos's wife
735:. His trainer and
673:Hans-Joachim Klein
669:Muammar al-Gaddafi
529:This section of a
459:Michel Poniatowski
296:school run by the
3348:, 26 January 2010
2891:on 17 April 2010.
2711:Los Angeles Times
2491:(Press release).
2460:on 10 August 2005
2324:, Bucharest, 2004
2306:, 22 October 2001
2180:(6 August 2009).
2160:978-0-8122-4046-7
2082:978-0-14-102330-4
1985:978-0-316-00401-5
1968:978-0-316-00401-5
1915:– 7 November 1977
1913:New York Magazine
1868:Arcade Publishing
1845:. 29 March 2017.
1697:. 4 November 2010
1497:Blekingegade Gang
1485:Terror's Advocate
1473:Carlos the Jackal
1449:Donald Sutherland
1443:(1997), starring
1413:Frederick Forsyth
1411:and presented by
1355:The Mexican film
1171:Al Watan Al-Arabi
1160:Johannes Weinrich
964:Ayman al-Zawahiri
904:Syrian government
838:French air strike
825:Al-Watan al-Arabi
817:, including: the
815:terrorist attacks
789:Nicolae Ceaușescu
781:Radio Free Europe
733:Ahmed Zaki Yamani
705:Bassam Abu Sharif
634:
633:
626:
608:
534:needs additional
429:, a PFLP leader.
374:Frederick Forsyth
364:Bassam Abu Sharif
294:guerrilla warfare
218:Carlos the Jackal
202:
201:
16:(Redirected from
3524:
3472:Trials in France
3231:
3230:
3228:
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3097:
3096:
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3078:
3076:
3074:
3068:Business Insider
3059:
3053:
3052:, 7 October 2014
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3005:
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2989:
2983:
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2978:
2969:. Archived from
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2910:
2909:. 28 March 2017.
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2178:González, Mónica
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2137:
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2128:on 26 March 2021
2118:
2112:
2111:
2106:. Archived from
2103:Evening Standard
2093:
2087:
2086:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2051:. Archived from
2048:Evening Standard
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2029:
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1491:The Danish film
1431:(1994) includes
1417:Elizabeth Hurley
1122:Clairvaux Prison
936:Clairvaux Prison
908:Iraqi government
793:Ion Mihai Pacepa
760:Sergio Arredondo
752:Manuel Contreras
677:Red Army Faction
661:Neville Atkinson
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222:Carlos el Chacal
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1087:Osama bin Laden
1064:In 2001, after
1055:terrorist state
1039:La Santé Prison
1035:Paris policemen
1028:Paris policemen
1020:varicocelectomy
996:French DST and
972:Osama bin Laden
924:La Santé Prison
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881:second district
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1440:The Assignment
1436:
1423:
1421:Tony Lo Bianco
1399:
1378:
1372:(1985), actor
1364:
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1347:
1346:
1336:
1324:
1303:
1296:
1284:Bourne Trilogy
1271:
1268:Saddam Hussein
1260:
1257:978-0752826691
1245:
1242:amusement park
1224:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1179:
1176:
1149:anti-terrorism
1144:
1141:
1083:class conflict
1003:Charles Pasqua
956:Imad Mughniyeh
915:
912:
804:Magdalena Kopp
748:
745:
700:
697:
632:
631:
555:poorly sourced
528:
526:
519:
510:Main article:
507:
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436:in London and
427:Mohamed Boudia
419:Tokarev 7.62mm
415:St John's Wood
387:
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376:'s 1971 novel
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253:Magdalena Kopp
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3427:Murder trials
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3319:Crime Library
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3288:0-679-42559-4
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2454:Crime Library
2451:
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2422:9780786453009
2418:
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2005:
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1992:
1989:
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1969:
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1881:1-55970-466-7
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1529:Édgar Ramírez
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1393:
1389:
1388:Robert Ludlum
1385:
1384:
1379:
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1361:Andrés García
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1281:'s fictional
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1279:Robert Ludlum
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893:George Habash
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575: –
574:
570:
569:Find sources:
563:
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452:airplanes at
451:
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434:Bank Hapoalim
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206:
197:
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190:
186:
182:
179:
178:Conviction(s)
174:
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153:
152:
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138:
131:
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73:fake passport
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3407:2010s trials
3402:1990s trials
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3280:David Yallop
3275:
3261:
3243:
3223:. Retrieved
3214:El Palestino
3213:
3206:
3198:the original
3193:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3139:. Sky News.
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3111:The Guardian
3110:
3101:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3067:
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3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3009:
2996:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2971:the original
2966:
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2889:the original
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2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2710:
2687:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:
2637:
2628:
2615:
2606:
2597:
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2579:
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2566:
2560:
2546:
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2501:. Retrieved
2488:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:the original
2453:
2411:
2404:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2375:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2343:The Observer
2342:
2319:
2304:Human Events
2303:
2284:
2279:
2263:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2225:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2185:
2149:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:the original
2116:
2108:the original
2101:
2091:
2071:
2061:
2053:the original
2046:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2003:The Guardian
2001:
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1975:
1959:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
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1890:
1862:
1855:
1842:
1833:
1821:The Guardian
1820:
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1798:
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1776:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1746:
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1725:. Retrieved
1721:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1694:
1685:
1675:
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1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1603:
1590:
1580:
1563:
1546:
1514:
1492:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1453:Ben Kingsley
1438:
1426:
1402:
1396:Jaclyn Smith
1381:
1367:
1356:
1342:
1339:David Yallop
1330:
1321:0 233 968431
1312:
1306:
1300:El Palestino
1299:
1293:Jason Bourne
1282:
1263:
1248:
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1181:
1170:
1164:
1153:
1146:
1143:Later trials
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1074:
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777:East Germany
750:
741:Wadie Haddad
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568:
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540:verification
533:
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476:member were
467:
454:Orly Airport
431:
407:Joseph Sieff
404:
396:Wadie Haddad
389:
377:
369:The Guardian
367:
357:
354:Name origins
333:
306:
267:
250:
225:
224:) or simply
217:
204:
203:
47:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
3392:1949 births
3248:Colin Smith
2977:15 December
2584:Mayer, Jane
2249:28 December
1556:Video games
1543:Black Grape
1445:Aidan Quinn
1433:Bill Paxton
1327:Billy Waugh
1233:Rainbow Six
1155:in absentia
1129:Hugo Chávez
982:Billy Waugh
938:since 2006.
883:. His main
866:Superphénix
783:offices in
614:August 2017
495:to Beirut.
159:Lana Jarrar
80: 1974
3386:Categories
3050:Libération
2721:8 November
2006:. London.
1870:. p.
1843:abc.net.au
1572:References
1513:-directed
1504:Television
1374:Nick Corri
1275:antagonist
1228:Tom Clancy
1114:Article 13
1007:World Bank
991:French DST
966:, and the
765:Yugoslavia
747:After 1975
707:, another
667:'s leader
657:Royal Navy
584:newspapers
512:OPEC siege
313:Kensington
264:Early life
220:(Spanish:
193:life terms
183:16 murders
93:1949-10-12
3225:14 August
2573:(3): 1–6.
2520:usma.edu
2503:14 August
2351:0029-7712
2287:, p. 164.
2200:11 August
2132:19 August
1619:14 August
1428:True Lies
1425:The film
1401:The film
1230:'s novel
1106:Article 3
1059:Palestine
952:Hezbollah
808:The Hague
719:and then
536:citations
298:Cuban DGI
274:Michelena
242:1975 raid
108:Venezuela
104:Michelena
3327:Archived
3219:Archived
3194:BBC News
3168:Archived
3147:28 March
3141:Archived
3121:13 March
3115:Archived
3093:Archived
3073:10 March
3043:Archived
3019:Archived
3001:Archived
2948:Archived
2944:Fox news
2923:Archived
2907:Sky News
2864:Archived
2845:Archived
2826:Archived
2807:Archived
2788:Archived
2765:Archived
2740:Archived
2715:Archived
2684:Archived
2666:10 March
2642:Archived
2620:Archived
2522:Archived
2497:Archived
2218:Archived
2194:Archived
2069:(2009).
2008:Archived
1970:pp 78–79
1940:Archived
1847:Archived
1825:Archived
1803:Archived
1781:Archived
1751:Archived
1747:BBC News
1701:10 March
1668:Archived
1643:Archived
1613:Archived
1595:Archived
1415:, stars
1341:'s book
1308:Observer
1289:assassin
1236:(1998),
1194:and the
1009:and the
986:Khartoum
968:al-Qaeda
948:Khartoum
897:Damascus
877:Budapest
562:libelous
493:Brussels
472:and one
465:, Iraq.
438:car bomb
321:Sorbonne
315:and the
236:and the
209:Spanish:
32:In this
3174:27 June
3025:26 June
2749:The Age
2661:Reuters
2464:9 March
2382:9 April
2356:9 April
2228:France.
1727:19 July
1551:(1995).
1369:Gotcha!
1134:Caracas
1108:of the
970:leader
962:leader
889:Gaddafi
885:cut-out
868:French
739:leader
737:PFLP-EO
693:Tripoli
685:Algiers
653:Algiers
598:scholar
463:Baghdad
278:Táchira
270:Marxist
244:on the
148:Spouses
126:Spanish
49:Sánchez
43:Ramírez
38:surname
3286:
3268:
3254:
3017:. AP.
2419:
2376:RFE/RL
2349:
2270:
2157:
2079:
2014:12 May
1983:
1966:
1962:1995.
1878:
1757:22 May
1545:album
1516:Carlos
1468:Munich
1461:Mossad
1451:, and
1319:
1255:
1238:Basque
1051:Mossad
958:, the
944:Jordan
785:Munich
659:pilot
600:
593:
586:
579:
571:
487:, the
423:Mossad
336:Beirut
302:Havana
226:Carlos
191:Three
121:Carlos
2489:HUDOC
2190:CIPER
1536:Music
1377:room.
1350:Films
1207:Books
773:Stasi
717:Libya
665:Libya
605:JSTOR
591:books
450:El Al
348:Amman
300:near
234:Stasi
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