128:
143:
351:
62:. In the figure below, the line representing a ray makes an angle θ with the normal (dotted line). The angle of incidence at which light is first totally internally reflected is known as the
124:
Determining the angle of reflection with respect to a planar surface is trivial, but the computation for almost any other surface is significantly more difficult.
101:
of the surface and another plane at right angles to the light rays. This means that the illumination angle of a certain point on Earth's surface is
392:
150:
When dealing with a beam that is nearly parallel to a surface, it is sometimes more useful to refer to the angle between the beam and the
298:
271:
336:
205:
173:
411:
42:
on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface at the point of incidence, called the
385:
240:
215:
63:
421:
378:
225:
159:
71:
67:
220:
210:
188:
are designed to reflect atoms coming at a small grazing angle. This angle is usually measured in
177:
319:
294:
288:
267:
261:
235:
193:
78:
35:
184:, where significant reflection can be achieved only at small values of the grazing angle.
151:
416:
362:
155:
102:
43:
322:
405:
185:
98:
127:
142:
39:
17:
189:
181:
110:
230:
51:
47:
327:
82:
55:
350:
118:
358:
114:
106:
170:. Incidence at small grazing angles is called "grazing incidence."
293:. Developments in soil science. Vol. 33. Farha. p. 202.
141:
126:
90:
59:
97:. It can also be equivalently described as the angle between the
337:
geometry : rebound on the strip billiards Flash animation
94:
366:
131:
Refraction of light at the interface between two media
89:of a surface with a light source, such as the
85:, the angle of incidence is also known as the
46:. The ray can be formed by any waves, such as
386:
290:Geomorphometryoncepts, Software, Applications
8:
154:, rather than that between the beam and the
287:Hengl, Tomislav; Reuter, Hannes I. (2022).
393:
379:
162:to the angle of incidence is called the
146:Focusing X-rays with glancing reflection
266:. Technical Publications. p. 292.
252:
7:
347:
345:
74:are other angles related to beams.
25:
349:
136:Grazing angle or glancing angle
206:Effect of Sun angle on climate
1:
174:Grazing incidence diffraction
365:. You can help Knowledge by
438:
344:
241:Total internal reflection
38:, is the angle between a
27:Angle in geometric optics
216:Phase angle (astronomy)
361:-related article is a
192:. In optics, there is
147:
132:
260:Godse, A. P. (2008).
145:
130:
323:"Angle of incidence"
226:Reflection (physics)
93:'s surface and the
72:angle of refraction
68:angle of reflection
412:Geometrical optics
320:Weisstein, Eric W.
221:Plane of incidence
211:Illumination angle
178:X-ray spectroscopy
148:
133:
107:precisely overhead
87:illumination angle
32:angle of incidence
18:Illumination angle
374:
373:
263:Computer Graphics
236:Scattering vector
79:computer graphics
16:(Redirected from
429:
395:
388:
381:
353:
346:
333:
332:
305:
304:
284:
278:
277:
257:
158:. The 90-degree
36:geometric optics
21:
437:
436:
432:
431:
430:
428:
427:
426:
402:
401:
400:
399:
342:
318:
317:
314:
309:
308:
301:
286:
285:
281:
274:
259:
258:
254:
249:
202:
152:surface tangent
138:
109:and that it is
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
435:
433:
425:
424:
419:
414:
404:
403:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
372:
371:
354:
340:
339:
334:
313:
312:External links
310:
307:
306:
299:
279:
272:
251:
250:
248:
245:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
201:
198:
194:Lloyd's mirror
186:Ridged mirrors
168:glancing angle
156:surface normal
137:
134:
105:if the Sun is
64:critical angle
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
434:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
407:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
352:
348:
343:
338:
335:
330:
329:
324:
321:
316:
315:
311:
302:
300:9780123743459
296:
292:
291:
283:
280:
275:
273:9788189411008
269:
265:
264:
256:
253:
246:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
169:
165:
164:grazing angle
161:
157:
153:
144:
140:
135:
129:
125:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:tangent plane
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
422:Optics stubs
367:expanding it
356:
341:
326:
289:
282:
262:
255:
190:milliradians
172:
167:
163:
149:
139:
123:
86:
76:
40:ray incident
31:
29:
182:atom optics
176:is used in
406:Categories
247:References
231:Refraction
160:complement
328:MathWorld
83:geography
56:microwave
200:See also
52:acoustic
119:sunrise
48:optical
359:optics
297:
270:
115:sunset
66:. The
58:, and
44:normal
417:Angle
357:This
91:Earth
60:X-ray
34:, in
363:stub
295:ISBN
268:ISBN
180:and
81:and
70:and
30:The
166:or
117:or
113:at
111:90°
95:Sun
77:In
408::
325:.
196:.
121:.
103:0°
54:,
50:,
394:e
387:t
380:v
369:.
331:.
303:.
276:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.