Illyrian warfare - Knowledge (XXG)

4368:

Danube (*Danuvius) in the valleys of the Drava and Sava and the latter’s Bosnian tributaries. In 119 BC the Romans campaigned against them, not for the first time, seizing *Siscia. In 35 BC Octavian (see AUGUSTUS) advanced against them and recaptured Siscia, where he established a garrison. Fighting broke out in 16 BC with a Pannonian invasion of Istria and continued in 14. In 13 M. *Vipsantius Agrippa and M. *Vinicius advanced eastward down the Sava and Drava valleys. After Agrippa’s death (12 BC) the conquest of the Pannonians, notably the Breuci in the Sava valley was completed ruthlessly by *Tiberius and Roman control was extended to the Danube (Res Gestae Rivi Augusti 100 30). Pannonia north of the Drava appears to have accepted Roman rule without a struggle probably owing to fear of the Dacians to the east. Some fighting is attested in 8 BC by Sex. Apulleius but Pannonia remained more or less at peace until 6 AD when the Breuci joined the Daesitiates in revolt under two chiefs called *Bato (1–2). After AD 9 Pannonia was governed by Legati Augusti pro praetore of consular rank; see LEGATI. When Dacia was annexed in 106, Pannonia was subdivided into two provinces the larger superior in the west under a consular legate and facing the * Germans and inferior in the east facing the Sarmatians under a praetorian .The latter was upgraded to consular under *Caracalla..."

661:

Balkans at this time looked at this movement with apprehension. Ptolemy, the king of Macedonia, took the news of the Gauls casually. He looked down with derision on the proposal of the king of the Dardanians possibly Monunius who sent delegates to say that they could offer 20,000 warriors to assist him. In an insulting manner, he said that the work was for the Macedonians to do. When the king of the Dardanians was told of this, he replied that the soon glorious Macedonian kingdom would fall because of the immaturity of a youth. And so it happened, for in the battle that took place a few days later in Macedonia, the Macedonian army was routed and Ptolemy was wounded and taken prisoner. After continuing south and raiding the

1466: 517: 1543:

the regular Roman military unit be simplified in order to function more smoothly. Each ship operated as an individual entity, so the more complicated organization normally used was not necessary. Within the navy, there were probably Liburnian of several varying sizes, all put to specific tasks such as scouting and patrolling Roman waters against piracy. The Romans made use of the liburnian particularly within the provinces of the empire, where the ships formed the bulk of the fleets, while it was included by small numbers in fleets of Ravenna and Micenum, where a large number of the Illyrians were serving, especially Dalmatae, Liburnians and Pannonians.

613:

later as the horsemen pressed on from the flank and rear and Philip with the flower of his troops fought with true heroism, the mass of the Illyrians was compelled to take hastily to flight. When the pursuit had been kept up for a considerable distance and many had been slain in their flight, Philip recalled the Macedonians with the trumpet and erecting a trophy of victory buried his own dead, while the Illyrians, having sent ambassadors and withdrawn from all the Macedonian cities, obtained peace. But more than seven thousand Illyrians were slain in this battle.

1161: 592:

his forces and to defeat the Illyrians, who were still under Bardyllis, in the decisive Erigon Valley battle by killing about 7,000 and eliminating the Illyrian menace for some time. In this battle Bardyllis himself was killed at the age of 90 after Philip II refused a peace treaty offered by the Illyrians. In 335 BC the southern Illyrian states were all subjected by Alexander the Great and only at the end of the 4th century BC won their independence.

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king was channelled through the collective loyalty of a tribe to the chief. In historical sources they are described as a peasant infantry fighting under aristocratic proprietors (polydynastae) each one controlling a town within the kingdom. The Dalmatians were known to use Partisan tactics against the Romans which were successful in inflicting serious defeats on the best of the Roman legions.

1689: 2436:, 3.5.4. "As the Encheleans were being attacked by the Illyrians, the god declared by an oracle that they would get the better of the Illyrians if they had Cadmus and Harmonia as their leaders. They believed him, and made them their leaders against the Illyrians, and got the better of them. And Cadmus reigned over the Illyrians, and a son Illyrius was born to him." 1157:. However another form of body armor was a bronze pectoral that may have protected part of the back as well. It was more like a disc "breastplate" of 10 cm in diameter. Greaves to protect the legs were used from the 7th century BC and probably even earlier. They first appeared in Illyria from its southern borders and are found only in princely graves. 3581:, 2002, page 248-249, "It concernes 5,000 Illyrian troops whose baggage Demetrius had captured 'in the battle around Lampsacus'. They had lost everything and Lysimachus was seriously worried they would mutiny. He therefore took preventive action, withdrew them from the front on the pretext of issuing their rations and killed them to the last man." 509:, the previous Illyrian king, who had entered in a peace treaty over the control of Lyncestis. Bardyllis succeeded in bringing various tribes into a single organisation and soon became a formidable power in the Balkans, resulting in a change of relations with Macedonia. Using new war tactics in 393 BC the Illyrians won a decisive battle against 1614: 133:: These conflicts happened because of land, pastures and areas of natural substances such as iron and salt. The Romans, before they conquered Illyria, were involved in tribal conflicts and used them to their advantage. The most known incident is the involvement of the Romans in a war between the Dalmatians and the Liburnians over 1394:. The Illyrians practised boarding tactics against enemy vessels. Although this view was widely accepted at first this connection is not completely true. Ancient Greek and Roman authors often attacked Illyrians in their works merely because they saw them as enemies and so many sources may be heavily exaggerated. 1076:"But the Illyrians, forming themselves into a square, courageously entered the fray. And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other" 1456:

In contemporary authors, the name was associated with a class rather than a specific type of vessels, as considerable variation is evident in the sources: the number of oars ranged from 16 to 50, they could be one- or double-banked, and some types did not have a ram, presumably being used as couriers

1320:

because to him they bore a special gift of ship building. The earliest evidence of Illyrian ships is from the design of a ship incised on bronze greaves from Glasinac dating from the 8th century BC to the 7th century BC. The front of this ship is constructed in the form of an animal probably a horse.

476:

In c.440 BC the Messapian city-state of Brindisi entered into an alliance with Thurii. The Brindisi-Thurri army had a leadership advantage in the form of Cleandridas, an exiled Spartan general who had been banished from the Peloponnese for accepting an Athenian bribe as an advisor of the Spartan king

4367:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1106, "Pannonia, a Roman province established AD 9 and named after the Pannonii, a group of Illyrian peoples (see ILLYRII) who had absorbed Celtic influences to various degrees (see CELTS), lay south and west of the

2727:

The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. by J. Boardman, N. G. L. Hammond, page 267, "Then about 626 B.C. the Taulantians invoked the aid of Corcyra and Corinth against the Liburnians. Again the Greeks were victorious. They planted a colony at Epidamnus and drove the Illyrian

2707:

Strabo, Geography, 6.2, "While Archias was on his voyage to Sicily, he left Chersicrates, a chief of the race of the Heracleidæ with a part of the expedition to settle the island now called Corcyra,62 but anciently called Scheria, and he, having expelled the Liburni who possessed it, established his

1640:

were fortified boroughs, usually located on hills or mountains or, more rarely (such as in Friuli), in plains. They were constituted by one or more concentric series of walls, of rounded or elliptical shape in Istria and Venezia Giulia, or quadrangular in Friuli, within which was the inhabited area.

1534:

not because of rowing but rather because of its specific constructional features. It was 109 ft (33 m) long and 16 ft (5 m) wide with a 3 ft (0.91 m) draft. Two rows of oarsmen pulled 18 oars per side. The ship could make up to 14 knots under sail and more than 7 under

1389:

The Illyrians were often referred to as pirates, raiding Greek and Roman vessels. Illyrian's indulgence in piracy was one that brought them infamy and invited their downfall. Their rugged broken coast with its screen of islands formed a perfect base from which their light and speedy little to attack

1084:

and Teuta is no more represented in phalanxes but in smaller troops, armoured well and fast moving. These tactics also used in Roman times were ready for independent operations and so were more effective than earlier phalanxes. These exact tactics were agile for quick and surprising actions and soon

591:

Following the disastrous defeat of the Macedonians by Bardyllis, when king Philip took control of Macedonian throne in 358 BC, he reaffirmed the treaty with the Illyrians, marrying the Illyrian princess Audata, probably the daughter or the niece of Bardyllis. This gave Philip valuable time to gather

313:

From the 9th to the 6th century BC there was certain koine – cultural unity in the Adriatic, with the general Liburninan seal, whose naval supremacy meant both political and economical authority through several centuries. Some similar toponyms attested not only Liburnian but also other Illyrian

2786:, "...Molossi, Alcetas, who was a refugee at his court, Dionysius sent a supply of arms and 2,000 troops to the Illyrians, who burst into Epirus and slaughtered 15,000 Molossians. Sparta intervened as soon as they had learned of the events and expelled the Illyrians, but Alcetas had regained his..." 2242:

51 BC. Delmatae defeat Liburnians, Roman main allies and clients on the Adriatic. Because of this conflict Delmatae will join Pompey in the civil war while Liburnians would support Caesar with their navies. Iapodes use the entire situation to slip away from Roman control and stop paying tribute for

1542:

Once the Romans had adopted the Liburnian, they proceeded to make a few adaptations to improve the ships’ use within the navy. The benefits gained from the addition of rams and protection from missiles more than made-up for the slight loss of speed. Besides the construction, the ships required that

660:

In 280 BC they moved in three directions: toward Macedonia and Illyria, toward Greece, and toward Thrace. The main army according to Diodorus, of 150,000-foot soldiers equipped with great shields and 10,000 horsemen was followed by 2,000 wagons transporting food and equipment. All the states of the

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The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 233&236, "The Illyrians liked decorated belt-buckles or clasps (see figure 29). Some of gold and silver with openwork designs of stylised birds have a similar distribution to the Mramorac bracelets and may also have been produced

1065:

Illyrians in ancient sources were known as brave and skilled fighters. The Illyrians appeared in war as free warriors under their rulers or kings. Similar to other societies the status of a leader was determined by the number of warriors who followed him. Obedience to a higher authority such as a

612:

And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other, being constantly swayed by the valorous deeds of the combatants; but

629:

From the 4th century BC, Celtic groups pushed into the Carpathian region and the Danube basin, coinciding with their movement into Italy. According to legend, 300,000 Celts moved into Italy and Illyria. By the 3rd century, the native inhabitants of Pannonia were almost completely Celticized. The

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in the 3rd century BC. The Illyrian tactics consisted of lashing their galleys together in groups of four and inviting a broadside attack from a ram. The Illyrians would then board the enemy craft in overwhelming numbers. Illyrian war ships were adopted by many peoples especially the Greeks and

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origin. Weaponry was very important to the Illyrians in the time of war; however, at times, only the rich and nobles could afford some types, like greaves and helmets. A great deal of armor was imported mainly to the Greek mainland, as proven by the discovery of Greek weapons in Glacinac graves

1433:, with a single bank of oars and no sails. It was small and light, with a low freeboard. It was a fast and manoeuvrable warship capable of carrying 50 men in addition to the rowers. It was most commonly associated with the vessels used by the Illyrian tribes, chiefly for piracy, in the area of 1324:

Illyrian ships were a favourite depiction on Illyrian coins especially on the coinage of the Labatae. The type of war ships presented on the coins is hard to determine. However, all the depictions show a similarity in which the bows of the ships were shaped in the form of a serpents head. The

1525:

in Greece, which lasted from August 31 to September 2 of 31 BC. Because of its naval and manoeuvrer features and bravery of its Liburnian crews, these ships completely defeated much bigger and heavier eastern ships, quadriremes and penterames. Liburna was different from the battle triremes,

1048:

The fighting of the Illyrian Revolt had lasting effects on Roman soldiers. Unhappy with their payment of swampy and mountainous Pannonian lands for such harsh military service, and with abuses relating to their pay and conditions, Roman soldiers staged a mutiny in AD 14 demanding recompense.

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The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. by J. Boardman, N. G. L. Hammond, page 267, "...the first successful challenge to Liburnian seapower came from Corinth. The Bacchiade sent an unusually large expedition, which drove the Liburnians and the Eretrians from

513:, expelling him and ruling Macedonia through a puppet king. in 392 BC Amyntas III allied himself with the Thessalians and took Macedonia under his rule, taking it from the Dardanians. After continuous invasions Bardyllis forced the Macedonians to pay him an annual tribute in 372 BC. 3495:, 1977, page 174, "Resembling the northern Illyrian oval shield was one introduced into Illyria by the Celts. Apart from the iron boss, nothing was preserved from these Celtic shields. It is known though that they were oblong shaped and made of wood with an umbo in the center..." 4357:

Horace : Epodes and Odes (Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture, Vol 10, Latin language edition) by Daniel H. Garrison,1998, page 259, "... triumpho: he was awarded a triumph for his defeat of the Illyrian Parthini in 39 B.C. peperit: has procured; from pario. 17–24.

4002:, "WHEN the time appointed arrived, Philip put to sea from Congress at Nicaea in Locris, winter of B. C. 198-197. Coss. Titus Quinctius Flamininus, Sext. Aelius Paetus Catus. Demetrias and came into the Melian Gulf, with five galleys and one beaked war-ship (pristis)..." 2470:, 1996, page 83, "They went to Illyria to live amongst the Encheleans who had been attacked by the Illyrians. The Encheleans had been promised victory by an Oracle if Cadmus and Harmonia would lead them and as this condition was fulfilled they were indeed victorious." 691:

became united under one queen, Teuta. The death of a Roman envoy named Coruncanius on the orders of Teuta and the attack on trading vessels owned by Italian merchants under Rome's protection, prompted the Roman senate to dispatch a Roman army under the command of the

1111:

The fact that Illyrian warriors were buried with their weapons has resulted in an abundant amount of surviving intact. The works of ancient authors fail to provide a clear picture on Illyrian weapons and the only true contributor to this matter was the Roman poet

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with its use beginning from the 7th century BC. The Illyrian helmet was made from bronze and consisted of a great, crested plume on the top. The origin and the time period this helmet used has been a subject of much debate. Some experts allocate its origins in

3263:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 158, "...Illyrian success continued when command passed to Agron's widow Teuta, who granted individual ships a licence to universal plunder. In 231 ac the fleet and army attacked Ells and

3514:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 238-239, "Although a short curved sword was used by several peoples around the Mediterranean the Romans regarded the sica as a distinct Illyrian weapon used by the stealthy 'assassin'

1381:

in Classical Liburnia), a ship keel with bottom planking made of 6 rows of the wooden boards on each side, specifically joined together, sewn with resin cords and wooden wedges, testifying the Liburnian shipbuilding tradition style, therefore named

3168:, 1995, Page 164, "... Hannibal was anxious to make his descent on Italy before the Romans had got through with the Gallic and Illyrian wars. He had made many preparations to this end, not only in men and material, but in reconnoitring..." 1285:

The nobility had access to breastplates and greaves whilst the bulk of the army did not. The kings did not resemble the rest of the army and were the only ones with full body protection which was a rarity. Illyrian kings and rulers wore bronze

492:

in 304 BC was an anti-Roman campaign. Thus towards the end of the fourth century Rome had become a common enemy for both the Iapygians and the Tarentines, even as far as ending the prolonged battles and causing them to make an alliance.

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for many centuries. Their ships, which were relatively small were not capable of direct naval battle with the heavier war-ships of the Greeks and Romans and most of the time were defeated. An exception is the victory over the island of

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in the 8th century BC. The Enchele held dominance for two centuries until their state crumbled from the start of the 6th century BC. After the Enchelii the Taulanti formed their own state in the 7th century BC. The Autariatae under

4011:πρίστις, a sea-monster (another form of pistrix), V.—A long, narrow ship of war, L.—As the name of a vessel, V.Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company. 1890. 3504:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 238, "Their principal offensive weapon was the single edged curved-sword, similar to the Greek machaira, a form of weapon that can be traced back to Bronze age

2481:...North of Dassaretis in the middle and upper valley of the Genusus was the territory of the Illyrian Parthini, likely to have been part of the Taulantii until they first appear as Roman allies late in the third century ..." 481:, refused anchorage and water to Athens in 415 BC, and even sent ships to help the Peloponnesians, after the Athenian disaster in Sicily. On the other side, Athens supported the Messapians, in order to counter Taranto power. 391:

raids to the narrow Liburnian region at the eastern Adriatic coast were peripheral in geographical meaning. Despite the recorded material exchange, Celtic archaeological forms are marginal and secondary in regions settled by

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A History of Greece to 322 B.C. by N. G. L. Hammond, 1986, page 372, "... involved in a war against Perdiccas' neighbour to the west, Arrhabaeus of Lyncus, and he and the Chalcidians entered the territory of Acanthus,

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and claim it went out of use in Illyria in the 4th century BC. Others claim that the helmet has its origins in Illyria and that it was used up to the 2nd century BC, proven by depictions on Illyrian city coins of the time.

1310:

The Illyrians were notorious sailors in the ancient world. They were great ship builders and seafarers. The most skillful Illyrian sailors were the Liburnians, Japodes, Delmatae and Ardiaei. The greatest navy was built by

2507:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 223, "The salt source that was a cause of conflict between the Illyrian Ardiaei and Autariatae may be that at Orahovica in the upper Neretva valley near

1072:(1st century BC) writes of the Illyrian military formation in this battle that was an attempt for a coordinated stance by forming a square. His exact words are: "Ἰλλυριοὶ συντάξαντες ἑαυτούς εἰς πλινθίον ἐρρωμένος". 2105:

280 BC. Celts invade the Balkan peninsula, crossing through Dardanian and Paeonian territory into Macedonia and Greece, reaching Thermopylae by 279 BC. Dardanian pleas for help unanswered by Macedonian king Ptolemy

1352:

island, including 7 unearthed docks, marine arsenal, and stony fortifications; this early harbour persisted in ancient and medieval function to the 16th century. Liburnians constructed different ship types; their

1493:

fleets. Liburna was presented as light type of the ship with one row or the oars, one mast, one sail and prow twisted outwards. Under the prow there was a rostrum made for striking the enemy ships under the sea.

1302:(that may have protected part of the back as well). It was more like a disc "breastplate" of 10 cm in diameter. Local greaves made of bronze were strapped on the legs. Metal riveted belts were used as well. 2183:

219 BC. Aemilius Paulus commands the Roman armies against the Illyrians under Demetrius of Pharos inflicting multiple Illyrian defeats. This causes Demetrius to flee to Macedonia thus ending the Second Illyrian

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who created the last and best-known Illyrian kingdom. Agron ruled over the Ardiaei and had extended his rule to other tribes as well. As for the Dardanians, they always had separate domains from the rest of the

3273:

A History of Rome to A.D. 565 – page 111 by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak, William Gurnee Sinnigen, "The island of Pharos and some adjacent territory in Illyria were given to a Greek adventurer, Demetrius of

2197:

183 BC. Philip V of Macedon makes an alliance with the Bastarnae to settle in Dardanian territory and wipe out the Dardanians. Philips plan fails, Bastarnae raid Dardanian territory but do not settle and go

3407:

Further east the formidable Daesitiates of central Bosnia retained their name. The great rebellion of AD 6 had been led by their chief Bato, and their relatively low total of 103 decuriae likely reflects...

3092:, Page 160, "The Roman invasion of Illyria in 229 sc appears to have caught Teuta and the Illyrians completely off guard. As soon as the weather permitted, the queen had ordered south a naval expedition..." 2109:

279 BC. Celts defeated after raiding Delphi by a Greek coalition. They hastily retreat to the north. Along the way they are harassed by Dardanians and lose most of their plunder. Autariatai absorbed by the

1132:

two types of shields were used: the Illyrian circular shield and the oval/rectangular type used by the northern Illyrians. The most common was the circular shield, which was made of wood and leather with a

4217:

Urbano biće Bosne i Hercegovine – page 27 by Seka Brkljača – 1996, "Its name was Daorson. It belonged to the Hellenistic civilization and sphere of the Greek culture. Its 46 meters of the old fortress are

3142:, page 161, "... Gulf of Kotor. The Romans decided that enough had been achieved and hostilities ceased. The consuls handed over Illyria to Demetrius and withdrew the fleet and army to Epidamnus, ..." 3109:., Page 177, "... who appears to have ruled after 168 Bc at Queen Teuta's old stronghold Rhizon (Risan). His silver issues are rare, but bronze coins, without the royal title, occur on Hvar, both ..." 1152:

Breast-armour and greaves were a speciality for the rich only in Illyrian society. Bronze breast-armor was used very rarely by the northern Illyrians and only three examples have been discovered so far in

580:

worked and the Molossians fell upon the Illyrians who were encumbered with booty and defeated them. In the same year Arymbas of the Mollosians defeated the Illyrians after they raided and looted Epirus.

4348:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 426, "during the Civil wars they sided with the Pompeians and defeated Caesars Legates Q. Cornificius and A.Gabinus"

222:(Greek: Πολυδυνάστες) where each one controlled a town within the kingdom. The monarchy was established on hereditary lines and Illyrian rulers used marriages as a means of alliance with other powers. 588:

in which the king himself was killed along with 4,000 of his soldiers and the Illyrians occupied the cities of upper Macedonia. The Macedonian king's attempt to reconquer upper Macedonia had failed.

4135:, 1994, page 423, "Through contact with their Greek neighbors some Illyrian tribe became bilingual (Strabo Vii.7.8.Diglottoi) in particular the Bylliones and the Taulantian tribes close to Epidamnus" 1141:. The Illyrian circular shield resembled the Macedonian version but differed from the number of circular decortication. Their shapes with either round (peltes), rectangular or oval. A type of wooden 461:(modern Ceglie), in what Herodotus claims to be the greatest slaughter of Greeks in his knowledge, with 3,000 Reggians and uncountable Tarentines killed. In 466 BC, Taranto was again defeated by the 4147:

Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970–2001 : papers in honour of J.J. by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, J. J. Wilkes, Emilio Marin, 2006, page 21, "...completely Hellenised town..."

2330:

defeats Daesitiates and Breuci. Despite their defeat the Illyrians late inflict heavy casualties at the Battle of Sirmium and are later strengthened when more Illyrian tribes join in the rebellion

3637:, page 240, "Body armour, breastplates greaves and helmets were the privilege of a minority with a few examples of full body protection being known only in the Dolensko region of Slovenia." 2201:

181 BC. The Histri attempt to prevent the Romans from building Aquileia to no avail. Shortly after this Epulon becomes ruler of the Histri and unites much of Histria ruling from Nesactium.

3318:...Pannonian Illyrians between Italy and the East. That could only be done at a great cost and not before a rebellion of Illyricum brought the regime of Augustus to the brink of disaster. 4339:

Archaic and Classical Greece: A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation by Michael H. Crawford and David Whitehead, 1983, page 592, "When Perdikkas was defeated in a great battle..."

1184:

in the Lika valley. It was made from wicker and chain-mail while metal plates around the sides were optional. Under influence from Illyria's northern neighbours, the Italic peoples, the

1485:

to the Romans, propelled by oars. According to some thoughts, liburna was shown in the scene of naval battle, curved on a stone tablet (Stele di Novilara) found near Antique Pisaurum (

380:

union in the 6th century BC, whose rich material presence in the basin of Po river, undoubtedly meant weakening of the Liburnian thalassocracy influence in the north-west of Adriatic.

1633:. Most enclosures were round or oval with very few exceptions for other shapes and the largest two were 200 meters across while most are not anything more than fortified blockhouses. 469:, who praises its government, there were so many aristocrats killed that the democratic party was able to get the power, to remove the monarchy, inaugurate a democracy, and expel the 3246:

Battles of the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Chronological Compendium of 667 Battles to 31Bc, from the Historians of the Ancient World (Greenhill Historic Series) by John Drogo Montagu,

384:

breaks to the Italian peninsula, after 400 BC, significantly changed ethnic and political picture there, it directly imperilled remaining Liburnian possessions on the western coast.

3342:

The rising began among the Daesitiates of central Bosnia under their leader Bato but they were soon joined by the Breuci. The four-year war which lasted from AD 6 to 9 saw huge...

584:

In 360 BC the southern Paeonian tribes launched raids against Macedonia in support of an Illyrian invasion. In 359 BC Bardyllis won a decisive battle against the Macedonian king

1209:. The sica was developed during the Bronze Age. The sica's blade was about 16–18 inches (41–46 centimetres) long. It became widely used and adopted by other peoples such as the 1775:

on their shields and used similar designs on bracelets. The Illyrians used four concentric half circles whilst the Macedonians five. This ancient Greek symbol was prominent in

757:

with Carthage was beginning. These distractions gave Demetrius the time he needed to build a new Illyrian war fleet. Leading this fleet of 90 ships, Demetrius sailed south of

988:. He resorted to the compulsory purchase and emancipation of thousands of slaves in order to amass enough troops. This happened for the first time since the aftermath of the 823:, which were allied with Rome. In 168 he was defeated at Scodra by a Roman force under L. Anicius Gallus, and in 167 brought to Rome as a captive to participate in Gallus' 568:

but not before ravaging the region and killing 15,000 Molossians. Thus their attempt to control Epirus failed. In 360 BC, another Illyrian attack forced the Molossian king

206:

ruled the entire region. The internal organization of the south Illyrian kingdoms points to imitation of their neigh boring Greek kingdoms and influence from the Greek and

1160: 2698:, page 266, "In the ninth century the Liburnians, then the leading seapower in the inner adriatic, expanded southwards so that by the first half of the eighth century..." 3564:, page 168, "Like Thracians to the east the Illyrians were an important source of military manpower, and often served as separate contingents under their own leaders..." 3237:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.19, "Demetrius arrived unexpectedly at the court of King Philip of Macedon, where he remained for the rest of his life"

696: 3801:, 1991, page 76, "Similarly the pirates on the Illyrian coast are said to have developed vessels that were named after their tribes, the lembus, pristis and liburna" 4263: 69:

Illyrians were renowned warriors, according to ancient sources. They were known as skilled craftsmen and shipbuilders in ancient times and controlled much of the

1245:, short thrusting spears, battle axes, single-handed axes that could be hurled and also bows and arrows which were used from the start of the 2nd millennium BC. 4386:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1370, "...they co-operated with Tiberius in attacks on Pannonian Breuci..."

772:, quelling resistance they found on the way. Demetrius foolishly sent a fleet across the Adriatic, and, with the Illyrian forces divided, the fortified city of 3177:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.16, "Demetrius of Pharos had broken his treaty with the Republic by sailing beyond Lissus with fifty boats..."

3027: 2845:, "Bardyllis who seize power and set himself up as king of the Dardani. Forming and alliance with Dionysius tyrant of Syracuse he killed 15,000 Molossians." 441:. The expansion of Taranto was limited to the coast because of the resistance of the populations of inner Apulia. In 473 BC, Taranto signed an alliance with 202:

The Illyrian kingdoms were composed of small areas within the region of Illyria. The exact extent of even the most prominent ones remains unknown. Only the

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It had originally been joined to Illyricum, but after the great Illyrian/Pannonian revolt of A.D. 6 it was made a separate province with its own governor.

4288: 1837:

by the time Romans conquered Illyria in 168 BC and their equipment reflected this. Inhabitants of Roman Dalmatia applied a poison on their arrows called

1265:

tribe) to the last man, because he was convinced that they would join the enemy. Previously in 302 BC 2,000 of his Illyrian mercenaries had defected to

637:

We have little information about the affairs in the Illyrian hinterland, but we do know that the first Balkan tribe to be defeated by the Celts was the

1829:

rebelled in AD 6. Nearly two hundred years of Roman rule changed the weapons of the Illyrians by the time of the rebellion and they resembled those of

3194:., Page 163, "Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was prepared for the Roman invasion. He placed a garrison in Dimale (Dimallum), a fortress inland ..." 333:, making it their most southern outpost, by which they controlled the passage into the Adriatic Sea. In 735 BC, they abandoned it, under pressure of 125:

Illyrian tribes were reluctant to help each other in times of war and even fought amongst each other and they sometimes allied with the neighbouring

1535:

oars. Such a vessel, used as a merchantman, might take on a passenger, as Lycinus relates in the 2nd-century dialogue, traditionally attributed to

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.18, "having accepted submission the consul then sailed to Pharos to attack Demetrius himself..."

1269:. Illyrians were not considered as reliable mercenaries, in the ancient world but were at the same time acknowledged as a skilled fighting force 4020: 2217:

168 BC. Romans defeat Gentius at the Ardiaean capital Skodra bringing an end to the Illyrian kingdom. King Gentius brought to Rome as a prisoner

969:, who were subjugated by Rome in 12–9 BC. Illyricum was on Italy's eastern flank, exposing the Roman heartland to the fear of a rebel invasion. 4064:

European Journal of Archeology volume 5(1);70–88,Sage publications and European association of Archeologists(1461-9571-2002045:1;70-88;0221771)

1257:

had hired Illyrian mercenaries in the 5th century BC but they betrayed him, allying with his enemy, Arrhabaeus of Lyncus. In another incident,

3125:, The Illyrian vessels attacked the ambassadors on their voyage and slew Cleemporus, the envoy of Issa, and the Roman Coruncanius; spaghetti. 4411: 4232: 3742: 3561: 3008: 2981: 2953: 2923: 2896: 2880: 1290:

around their necks and were heavily armoured in antithesis to the bulk of their armies. A number of weapons and armaments were imported from

2753: 2211:

captured by Romans by diverting a river which protected Epulon's stronghold Nesactium, and provided it with water. Last stand of the Histri.

634:

ruled Greece, the Celts dared not to push south near Greece. Therefore, early Celtic expeditions were concentrated against Illyrian tribes.

325:

In the 9th century BC their ruled the inner Adriatic sea and in the first half of the 8th century BC they expanded southwards. According to

66:. Apart from conflicts between Illyrians and neighbouring nations and tribes, numerous wars were recorded among Illyrian tribes themselves. 2453:, 1996, page 230, "Illyrius (Ἰλλυριός). The youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia. He was born during their expedition against the Illyrians" 973: 137:, which in the end were encouraged to take peace. Commonly the Romans were ordered to act as referees in their bloody fights. The tribe of 5818: 3160:

Hannibal: A History of the Art of War Among the Carthaginians and Romans Down to the Battle of Pydna, 168 B.C. by Theodore Ayrault Dodge,

552:

had intervened as soon as the events became known and expelled the Illyrians who were led by Bardyllis. Despite being aided by 2000 Greek

2034:

358 BC. Philip II of Macedon defeats the Illyrians. Bardyllis probably died during the battle at the age of 90. Illyrians sued for peace.

6307: 4603: 4582: 2676:Š. Batović, Le relazioni culturali etc., 30, 42; La “koine” adriatica e il suo processo di formazione, Jadranska obala u protohistoriji. 2261: 1546:

Gradually liburna became general name for the different types of the Roman ships, attached also to the cargo ships in the Late Antique.

1097:, where the Illyrians used a new form of tactic which involved connecting their ships in groups of four in order to attack Greek ships. 2940:

Women and monarchy in Macedonia Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture by Elizabeth Donnelly Carney, University of Oklahoma Press, 2000,

1045:'s three legions in Germany. The Roman high command did not doubt that Arminius would have formed a grand alliance with the Illyrians. 665:

the Gallic army decided to return up north to their homeland but were all wiped out by the Dardanians, through which they had to pass.

6165: 4208:, 1996, page 150, "This episode shows how much the Dardanians had been influenced by the military traditions of the Hellenistic world" 2938:

The time of this marriage is somewhat disputed while some historians maintain that the marriage happened after the defeat of Bardyllis

1509:), faster, lighter, and more agile than biremes and triremes. The Liburnian design was adopted by the Romans and became a key part of 2968:

The Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359-323 B.C. by James R. Ashley, McFarland, 2004,

2910:

The Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359-323 B.C. BY James R. Ashley, McFarland, 2004,

6302: 6275: 4551: 4519: 4498: 4477: 4456: 4432: 4317: 4205: 4188: 4161: 4132: 4095: 4078: 3831: 3798: 3722: 3702: 3685: 3668: 3651: 3634: 3612: 3595: 3578: 3544: 3492: 3470: 3402: 3337: 3301: 3251: 3208: 3191: 3165: 3139: 3106: 3089: 3043: 3000: 2973: 2945: 2915: 2888: 2872: 2842: 2804: 2783: 2467: 2450: 2383: 1764: 777: 227: 2867:

The Cambridge ancient history: The fourth century B.C. Volume 6 of The Cambridge ancient history, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards,

2807:, "Sparta had the alliance of Thessaly, Macedonia, and Molossia in Epirus, which she had helped to stave off an Illyrian invasion." 1088:

On the sea the Illyrians used guerrilla tactics with their sophisticated navy. These sea tactics made the Illyrians masters of the

3810: 2432: 1369:

was apparently mounted with a dragon head at the prow. Remains of a 10 meters long ship from the 1st century BC, were found in

437:

Conflicts started immediately after the foundation of Tars in 706 BC over domination of the fertile adjacent plains in southern

5586: 2323:

start Great Illyrian uprising also known as Bellum Batonianum. After initial successes against Romans the insurrection spreads.

683:, which lasted from 229 BC to 228 BC, Rome's concern with the trade routes running across the Adriatic Sea increased after the 2040:

356 BC. Parmenio surprises Grabos with a defeat before he is able to converge with his allies in Athens and Thrace and Paeonia

6316: 6289: 5848: 5823: 5735: 5209: 5057: 1700:, 7th century BC – 5th century BC) contained a great number of Greek imports including weaponry. This includes finds at 1501:. It had one bench with 25 oars on each side, while in the late ages of the Roman Republic, it became a smaller version of a 1039: 624: 218:

gives us an image of society within an Illyrian kingdom as peasant infantry fought under aristocrats which he calls in Greek

5967: 1976:

423 BC. Illyrians & Lyncestians cause the Macedonians to flee and the Spartans to escape during the Peloponnesian War (

1554:

were using it as a synonym for the battle ship. In inscriptions it was mentioned as the last in class of the battle ships:

6039: 5505: 917:. Instead, the Daesitiates mutinied and defeated a Roman force sent against them. The Daesitiates were soon joined by the 117:. If the legend is true this war would have occurred around 2000 BC, the time when Cadmus has been claimed to have lived. 4156:

The Illyrians: history and culture, History and Culture Series,The Illyrians: History and Culture, Aleksandar Stipčević,

3892:

M. Zaninović, Liburnia Militaris, Opusc. Archeol. 13, 43–67 (1988), UDK 904.930.2(497.13)>>65<<, pages 46, 47

2883:, Authors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Editors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Edition 2, Cambridge University Press, 1994, 992:

two centuries earlier. At one moment, in winter AD 6/7, 10 legions were deployed and an equivalent number of auxilia (70

6329: 6117: 4977: 4267: 2685:

M. Zaninović, Liburnia Militaris, Opusc. Archeol. 13, 43–67 (1988), UDK 904.930.2(497.13)>>65<<, pages 47-48

2180:

when Demetrius of Pharos builds up a new Illyrian navy and violates the Roman-Illyrian treaty by attacking Aegean cities

2053:

344 BC. The Taulantii State is limited to the lands along the Adriatic after the defeat of Pleuratus I against Philip II

5979: 5962: 5380: 4917: 1783:, appearing in the 10th century BC and had spread throughout southern Greece. A typical adoption of the symbol in the 81:, a curved-tip sword that originated in Illyria and was eventually adopted all over the Balkans and used later by the 4244:

Encyclopaedia Londinensis: or, Universal dictionary of arts ..., Volume 14 By John Wilkes (of Milland House, Sussex.)

1340:

from the start of the 1st millennium to the 5th century BC. The Romans knew them principally as a people addicted to

4191:, page 116, "...early appearance of this motiff in Thessaly and Makedonia, from where it was diffused southwards..." 3990:

M. Zaninović, Liburnia Militaris, Opusc. Archeol. 13, 43–67 (1988), UDK 904.930.2(497.13)>>65<<, page 46

6195: 6190: 5931: 4892: 2532: 2246:

49 BC. Liburnian communities take different sides in the civil war against Caesar and Pompey near the island of Krk

1973:

424 BC. Autariatae expand their territory, pushing the Thracian Triballi eastwards into western Serbia and Bulgaria

1744:(though again in the grave of a king) not only in the Glasinac cultural area like the helmet found in the grave at 954: 1791:

with similar decorations and a diameter of 35 cm. This is evident during the Greek rule of south Illyria the

6360: 6180: 6175: 4922: 2519:

The Ardiaei, or Vardaei as they were known to the Romans, once the ravagers of Italy and now reduced to a mere...

2497:

The island of Pharos and some adjacent territory in Illyria were given to a Greek adventurer, Demetrius of Pharos

2388: 1266: 1042: 984:) ahead with troops. The panic broke out in Rome and Augustus raised a second task force under Tiberius's nephew 6029: 972:

Augustus ordered Tiberius to break off operations in Germany and move his main army to Illyricum. Tiberius sent

6365: 3012: 2003:

393 BC. Dardanians rule Macedonia through a puppet king after defeating Amyntas III of Macedon under Argaeus II

997: 4292: 2985: 2927: 2900: 2343:

9 AD. After fierce fighting Bato I surrenders to the Romans marking the last Illyrian attempt for independence

1895:

628 BC. Liburnians expelled from Durrës by Corinthians which were invited as aid by the neighbouring Taulantii

1085:

showed to be superior against Greek tactics and as a result the Illyrians achieved victories over the Greeks.

2957: 226:(23–79 AD) writes that the people that formed the nucleus of the Illyrian kingdom were 'Illyrians proper' or 6258: 6185: 6002: 4575: 3688:, page 54, "there were imported helmets Corinthian type and an early version of the 'GraecoIllyrian helmet'" 1470: 1254: 1027:. It took them three years of hard fighting to quell the revolt, which was described by the Roman historian 541: 529: 413: 341:

and the Ionian Sea. However, their position in the Adriatic Sea was still strong in the next few centuries.

1539:: "I had a speedy vessel readied, the kind of bireme used above all by the Liburnians of the Ionian Gulf." 1222:

Although a short curved sword was used by several peoples around the Mediterranean the Romans regarded the

953:. The rebels were now joined by a large number of other communities. At risk was the strategic province of 6270: 5984: 5869: 5765: 3219:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.16, "...the Romans dispatcehd Lucius Aemilius with an army

1705: 1035:

two centuries earlier. Tiberius finally quelled the revolt in AD 9. This was just in time: that same year

902: 3057:

Pannonia and Upper Moesia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. A Mocsy, S Frere

2995:

The Genius of Alexander the Great Author N. G. L. Hammond Edition illustrated Publisher UNC Press, 1998,

1799:

retained until the Roman conquest. Tactics had been influenced as well, evident in an incident involving

5887: 5760: 5727: 4992: 4962: 4927: 4090:

Trebenishte: the fortunes of an unusual excavation Studia archaeologica ("Erma" di Bretschneider); 121,

4073:

Trebenishte: the fortunes of an unusual excavation Studia archaeologica ("Erma" di Bretschneider); 121,

3465:, Men-at-Arms, Osprey Publishing, p. Colour plates, The Venetic fighting system, Fifth century BC, 2363: 876: 642: 377: 6034: 5514: 2170:, the Romans cross the Adriatic for the first time in reaction to Teuta's threats of Roman trade routes 1489:), outlined to 5th or 6th century BC, the most possibly showing imaginary battle between Liburnian and 5263: 4490:

The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians

897:

forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9. In AD 6, several regiments of

364:

Liburnian control of the Adriatic Sea coasts started to decrease in the 6th century BC. According to

6155: 6056: 5223: 4837: 3883:

C.G. Starr Jr., The Roman Imperial Navy 31 B.C. – A.D. 324, West-port, Connecticut 1975, page 54

2064: 1879:

under pressure from Corinthian ruler Hersikrates. First recorded battle between Illyrians and Greeks.

1800: 1737: 1317: 1253:

Illyrians acted as mercenaries on several occasions whether on the side of the Greeks or the Romans.

1054: 650: 641:, who during the 4th century had enjoyed a hegemony over much of the central Balkans, centred on the 484:

After 330 BC the Messapians joined forces with the Tarentines against an even greater force, that of

102: 3203:

Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Documentary Study — by Nicholas F. Jones — 1987,

1960:

432 BC. Messapian-Thurian forces successfully throw off another Lucanian invasion in the Crati gorge

1217:

short curved swords, long swords in addition to various knives. According to historian John Wilkes:

178:

began at 230 BC and ended at 167 BC. The most notable Illyrian kingdoms and dynasties were those of

6150: 6007: 5253: 5172: 5067: 5017: 4952: 4932: 4887: 3916:

Morrison, J. S., and J. F. Coates. 1996. Greek and Roman Warships 399-30 B.C. Oxford. pgs 170, 317.

3368: 3352: 3118: 2821: 2393: 2177: 2156: 2060: 2000:

399 BC. New conflict develops between Sirras and Archelaus I of Macedonian over the Lyncestian case

1977: 1899: 1646: 1518: 1438: 1370: 856: 808: 789: 727: 631: 537: 2025:

360 BC. Southern Paeonian tribes launch raids against Macedonia in support of an Illyrian invasion

2006:

392 BC. Amyntas III allied with the Thessalians takes Macedonia under his rule from the Dardanians

1986:

413 BC. Artas supplies the Athens with one hundred and fifty javelin-throwers for the war against

909:), were gathered in one place to prepare to join Augustus's stepson and senior military commander 6339: 6022: 5750: 5658: 5484: 5012: 4947: 4568: 4442: 4127:

by D. M. Lewis (Editor), John Boardman (Editor), Simon Hornblower (Editor), M. Ostwald (Editor),

2204:

180 BC. Dalmatians declares themselves independent from the rule of Gentius, king of the Ardiaei.

2193:

Collapse of southern Illyrian nations and the start of Roman campaigns against Illyrian interior

2167: 2019:

385 BC. Agesilaus of Sparta drives off the Dardanians under Bardyllis, expelling them from Epirus

1954:

436 BC. Taulantii attack the city of Epidamnos contributing to the start of the Peloponnesian War

1792: 1784: 1536: 1498: 949:(the governor of Moesia). Despite their defeat, they inflicted heavy casualties at the Battle of 816: 812: 708: 596: 5835: 5638: 807:

allied himself with the Macedonians. First in 171 BC, he was allied with the Romans against the

3615:, 2002, page 248, "The Illyrians moreover had not been reliable auxiliaries in the recent past" 3547:, 2003, page 296, "Sibina, Sibyna, Gr. and R. σιβύνη. A kind of boar spear deployed in hunting" 1325:

Byzantine author from the 6th century wrote that the Adriatic was a sea in which serpents swam.

1233:

The Illyrians also used a variety of other weapons, like javelins, long metallic spears called

6297: 6263: 6230: 6210: 6137: 6112: 6046: 5989: 5954: 5877: 5798: 5793: 5674: 5407: 5317: 5112: 5072: 5047: 4882: 4842: 4547: 4515: 4494: 4473: 4452: 4428: 4407: 4313: 4228: 4201: 4184: 4157: 4128: 4091: 4074: 3835: 3827: 3794: 3738: 3718: 3698: 3681: 3664: 3647: 3630: 3608: 3591: 3574: 3557: 3540: 3488: 3466: 3398: 3333: 3297: 3247: 3204: 3187: 3161: 3135: 3102: 3085: 3039: 3004: 2996: 2977: 2969: 2949: 2941: 2919: 2911: 2892: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2838: 2800: 2779: 2463: 2446: 2378: 2208: 1830: 1796: 1176:

which sometimes contained a plume. The most intriguing of all Illyrian helmets developed, the

1106: 848: 478: 63: 59: 51: 5472: 3671:, page 54, "A double edged Greek sword and two pairs of greaves also imports were recovered " 2092:

310 BC. The Autariatae State ceases to exist after continuous Celtic migrations and conflicts

1752:. The Greek helmets found in some of these sites were of "type I" and very few of "type II". 1745: 6225: 6145: 6017: 5810: 5755: 5740: 5628: 5597: 5545: 5370: 5349: 5189: 5027: 4832: 4789: 4108: 3458: 2695: 2408: 2086:

312 BC. Acrotatus of Sparta aids Glaucias in abolishing the Macedonian garrison in Apollonia

2072: 1987: 1740:

either as imports or later copies had spread throughout Illyria and one was found as far as

1729: 1522: 1316:

Romans. Illyrian craftsmen were even hired by the King of Macedon to build 100 ships in the

1312: 1081: 1069: 1019:

mountains, but bitter fighting also occurred in southern Pannonia around Mons Almus (modern

989: 784:

the navy went towards Pharos. The forces of Rome routed the Illyrians and Demetrius fled to

758: 754: 604: 187: 31:

spans from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 1st century AD in the region of

2022:

360 BC. Arymbas of the Mollosians defeats the Illyrians after they raided and looted Epirus

1188:

was used from the 5th century BC to the 4th century BC. The most widespread helmet was the

649:. In 310 BC, Celtic general Molistomos attacked deep into Illyrian territory, subduing the 630:

Illyrians had been waging war against the Greeks, leaving their western flank weak. Whilst

6200: 6094: 6089: 6012: 5994: 5972: 5783: 5574: 5557: 5551: 5510: 5444: 5427: 4616: 2150: 1813: 1767:

in Illyria. Apart from other cultural influences and imported weapons and armour from the

1713: 1450: 1189: 1177: 1016: 712: 684: 533: 365: 361:

asked for the aid of Corinth and Corcyra against the Liburni. The Greeks were victorious.

266: 223: 94: 47: 2083:

317 BC. Glaucias enters in league with the Greek colonies while Cassander is at a low ebb

2080:

323 BC. Cynane, an Illyrian herself leads a Macedonian army to victory over the Illyrians

1386:". Deciduous trees (oak and beech) were used, while some climber was used for the cords. 418:

The Iapygian-Tarentine Wars were a set of conflicts and wars between the Greek colony of

4377:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 426

4312:

The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,

3487:, History and Culture Series, The Illyrians: History and Culture, Aleksandar Stipčević, 2037:

356 BC. Lycceius joins the anti-Macedonian coalition led by Athens which includes Grabos

6220: 6215: 5840: 5770: 5391: 5385: 5268: 5137: 4937: 4732: 2358: 2353: 2146: 1768: 1717: 1577:

In the Medieval sources the "liburna" ships were often recorded in use by the Medieval

1414: 1173: 1020: 1005: 832: 750: 742: 645:. An interesting account of cunning Celtic tactics is revealed in their attacks on the 470: 1585:

pirates and sailors, but probably not always referring to the ships of the same form.

768:

where he captured 50 ships after several attempts. From Pylos the fleet sailed to the

6354: 6084: 5830: 5745: 5132: 5092: 4653: 2373: 2214:

170 BC. Gentius and Perseus of Macedonia start forming alliance to counter the Romans

2077:

335 BC. First part of the Illyrian Revolt ends in failure with the defeat of Pleurias

1760: 1594: 1521:

navy in the 2nd half of the 1st century BC. Liburna ships played a key role in naval

1238: 1000:

and more than 10,000 veterans). In addition, they were assisted by a large number of

824: 674: 585: 368:, the Liburnians lost supremacy in the Western Adriatic coast due to invasion of the 2028:

359 BC. The death of Agis leads to the subjection of the Paeonian State by Macedonia

6129: 5897: 5775: 5680: 5525: 5102: 5087: 2333:

7 AD. Three Roman generals and legionaries sent to defeat the massive Illyrian army

1510: 1422: 1374: 1277: 1185: 1149:. This type of shield resembled the Illyrian oval shield used in northern Illyria. 1089: 894: 844: 723: 565: 283: 203: 126: 82: 5711: 4253:

Aleksandar Stipčević – Illyrians, The Illyrian Art, The Illyrian Cult Symbols

2173:

228 BC. Illyrians suffer multiple defeats by the Romans. End of First Illyrian War

2031:

359 BC. Perdiccas III of Macedon killed in an attempt to reconquer upper Macedonia

1621:

Illyrians built hill-forts as places of refuge (and perhaps as dwellings) such as

1328: 4541: 4530: 4509: 4488: 4467: 4446: 4422: 4401: 3607:

The legacy of Alexander: politics, warfare, and propaganda under the successors,

3590:

The legacy of Alexander: politics, warfare, and propaganda under the successors,

3573:

The legacy of Alexander: politics, warfare, and propaganda under the successors,

2694:

The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. by J. Boardman,

2462:

The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop,

2445:

The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop,

2056:

337 BC. Pleurias almost succeeds in killing Philip II during his Balkan campaigns

1015:

They faced further reverses on the battlefield and a bitter guerrilla war in the

5716: 5322: 5248: 5233: 5082: 5037: 4912: 4877: 4683: 4643: 3417: 3356: 2316: 2250: 2136: 1688: 1531: 1391: 1299: 898: 852: 510: 207: 1825:

Illyria became a Roman province at 168 BC. The Illyrians, that were eventually

6253: 5914: 5904: 5892: 5805: 5653: 5643: 5228: 5179: 5162: 4957: 4907: 4779: 4762: 4757: 4722: 4663: 4648: 2276: 2014: 1913: 1872: 1834: 1749: 1709: 1658: 1527: 1514: 1337: 1262: 1258: 1242: 1125: 1032: 985: 864: 638: 577: 545: 423: 346: 295: 275: 239: 211: 138: 74: 1945:

460 BC. Competitive trading leads to the destruction of Thronion by Apollonia

1912:

524 BC. Etruscans defeat the Liburnians in order to open trade routes to the

1332:

The earliest depiction of an Illyrian ship dating from the 8th–7th century BC

505:

became king of the Illyrians and creator of a new dynasty after overthrowing

337:

ruler Hersikrates, during the period of Corinthian expansion to South Italy,

17: 5603: 5562: 5397: 5354: 5332: 5243: 5194: 5052: 5002: 4867: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4747: 4678: 4631: 4591: 3421: 2737: 2368: 2298: 2221: 2122: 2114: 2010: 1923: 1858: 1826: 1667: 1551: 1442: 1210: 1142: 1028: 1001: 704: 654: 600: 525: 502: 477:

Pleistoanax. Taranto supported the Peloponnesian side against Athens in the

466: 358: 255: 231: 196: 179: 110: 28: 5613: 5401: 2236:

76 BC. Final defeat of the Dalmatians with the capture of the city port of

1919:

524 BC. Aristodemus of Cumae defeats the allied Daunian and Etruscan armies

1645:

have been discovered in Istria, Friuli and Venezia Giulia, such as that of

893:) was a major conflict between an alliance of Illyrian communities and the 820: 77:

using their numerous warships. Illyrians had effective weapons such as the

1929:

500 BC. Start of the Tarentine-Iapygian wars results in an Iapygian defeat

1732:

encompasses eastern Bosnia, south-western Serbia, Montenegro and northern

6205: 5936: 5909: 5705: 5663: 5568: 5535: 5465: 5461: 5417: 5412: 5375: 5327: 5300: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5157: 5122: 5097: 5042: 5032: 4997: 4982: 4897: 4872: 4862: 4857: 4794: 4784: 4752: 4715: 4693: 4688: 4668: 4658: 4636: 4621: 2302: 2294: 2272: 2265: 2140: 2129: 2068: 1892:? BC. Gaularos, ruler of the Taulanti state wages war on the Macedonians. 1889:

691 BC. First Illyrian invasion of Macedonia after bad relations develop.

1850: 1808: 1776: 1756: 1741: 1721: 1701: 1697: 1630: 1622: 1582: 1434: 1206: 1154: 1129: 1117: 1050: 1036: 981: 977: 958: 910: 769: 553: 457:, but the joint armies of the Tarentines and Rhegines were defeated near 446: 431: 427: 401: 299: 291: 251: 215: 171: 154: 106: 70: 40: 4403:Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: Mélanges Offerts au Professeur Pierre Cabanes 4400:

Berranger, Danièle; Cabanes, Pierre; Berranger-Auserve, Danièle (2007).

2528: 2526: 1957:

433 BC. Messapian-Thurian victory over the Lucanians in the Sybaris lain

1601:

long and narrow war ship(it was also the name of a specific ship in the

1228:

as a distinct Illyrian weapon used by the stealthy 'assassin' (sicarius)

6235: 6066: 5882: 5853: 5695: 5648: 5633: 5591: 5540: 5500: 5449: 5342: 5337: 5238: 5204: 5184: 5167: 5153: 5062: 5007: 4987: 4774: 4742: 4737: 4727: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4626: 4611: 2337: 2287: 2254: 2160: 1964: 1804: 1780: 1772: 1733: 1725: 1654: 1626: 1547: 1502: 1490: 1430: 1402: 1194: 1181: 1024: 950: 938: 926: 914: 860: 836: 828: 804: 793: 785: 699:

and Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus. Rome expelled Illyrian garrisons at the

688: 646: 573: 569: 462: 454: 450: 442: 419: 397: 354: 350: 342: 334: 330: 319: 307: 279: 247: 235: 191: 183: 175: 166: 146: 142: 134: 55: 32: 3769:

Griech. λέμβος, lat. lembus – eine illyrische Schiffsbezeichnung?

3316:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 183,

2517:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 216,

2089:

312 BC. Glaucias obtains control of Epidamnus with the help of Corcyra

1926:

defeat the Paeonians and depart two of their tribes to Darius in Asia.

1390:

unwary ships. The Illyrians piratical career reached its zenith under

6071: 6061: 6051: 5924: 5919: 5788: 5700: 5690: 5685: 5668: 5623: 5608: 5530: 5495: 5455: 5422: 5365: 5359: 5312: 5306: 5258: 5127: 5107: 5077: 5022: 4967: 4942: 4902: 4852: 4847: 4769: 4673: 2479:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 98,

2403: 2320: 2280: 2237: 2145:

229 BC. Illyrian and Acarnanian ships defeat a combined Aetolian and

2118: 2047: 1983:

418 BC. Artas made a proxenos of Athens as operations in Sicily begin

1854: 1841:. This was not a Roman influence but was mentioned during that time. 1650: 1578: 1506: 1486: 1446: 1398: 1378: 1341: 1295: 1291: 1134: 1113: 993: 961:, an indigenous communities inhabiting the region between the rivers 942: 922: 918: 906: 840: 781: 773: 700: 693: 662: 561: 557: 549: 506: 489: 393: 338: 326: 315: 303: 243: 150: 130: 114: 98: 4046:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 190

4034:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 205

3448:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 240

2535:– Illyrians, The Illyrian Art, The Illyrian Cult Symbols page 46-47 1497:

By its original form, the Liburna was the most similar to the Greek

863:. The first Roman campaign of 229 BC marked the first time that the 2113:

231 BC. Agron, king of the Ardiaei, sends his fleet to relieve the

1951:

440 BC. Brindidi and Thurrii enter into an alliance against Taranto

1613: 1344:. The major harbour of Liburnian navy since the 5th century BC was 1336:

The Liburnians were renowned seafarers dominating the Adriatic and

282:

allowed them to be present, very early, not only along the Eastern

5618: 5520: 5490: 5478: 5438: 5432: 5295: 5289: 5218: 5117: 4972: 4814: 4406:. Clermont-Ferrand, France: Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal. 4107:

Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, Jennifer Tolbert Roberts, and

2050:

loses her life in a battle against Cynane and her army is defeated

1876: 1788: 1612: 1464: 1327: 1159: 1146: 1138: 1094: 962: 934: 765: 746: 731: 719:

and others and established a protectorate over these Greek towns.

515: 438: 381: 373: 369: 302:, they were already in the Italic coast, establishing colonies in 287: 36: 4469:

The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 6): The Fourth Century B.C.

4113:

A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture

3023: 3021: 3019: 2616: 6076: 5581: 4042: 4040: 4030: 4028: 3119:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=App.+Ill.+2.7

2398: 1672: 1287: 1224: 1202: 966: 930: 716: 485: 388: 78: 4564: 2095:

307 BC. Glaucias invades Epirus and establishes Pyrrhus as king

4183:

Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity by Jonathan M. Hall, 2000,

4125:

The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC

3733: 3731: 3625: 3623: 3621: 1349: 929:), another community inhabiting the region between the rivers 3384:

Rhoemetalces's kingdom was later annexed by emperor Claudius.

93:

Instances of Illyrians engaged in armed conflict occurred in

4560: 4227:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,

3737:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,

3556:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,

3038:

From: The Celts. A history. Daithi O Hogain. Boydell Press.

2139:

starts her pirate campaign by capturing the Epirote capital

1477:

The most known Liburnian ship was their warship, known as a

1145:

shield with an iron boss was introduced to Illyria from the

847:

an unsafe region for Roman commerce. There were three Roman

528:

rule. This time the Illyrians were allied with and aided by

3697:

The Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge University Press,

1948:

460 BC. Opis of the Iapyges falls in battle against Taranto

815:. He arrested two Roman legati and destroyed the cities of 270:

Map of Corfu, the Liburnians most southern recorded outpost

4143: 4141: 3537:

Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archeology

1172:

was employed. The bronze helmet developed into the common

4451:. New York, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 376:, obviously caused by strengthening and expansion of the 4424:

Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander

2491:

Arthur Edward Romilly Boak and William Gurnee Sinnigen.

2290:

finally conquered by the Romans under Octavius Augustus.

404:

and are especially rare in Liburnian Iron Age heritage.

314:

migrations to the central and south Italy, respectively

149:

were notorious before being defeated by the Romans. The

3654:, page 223, "Illyrian chiefs wore heavy bronze torques" 2257:

ambushed by Dalmatae during their return from campaign

1970:

429 BC. Agrianes become subject to the Odrysian kingdom

1771:

the Illyrians had adopted the ornamentation of Ancient

1031:

as the most difficult conflict faced by Rome since the

345:

was the first that went up against the Liburnians. The

165:

The earliest recorded Illyrian Kingdom was that of the

1213:, Dacians and the Romans. The Illyrians also used the 1124:

Shields were used among the Illyrians as early as the

867:

crossed the Adriatic in order to launch the invasion.

811:, but in 169 he changed sides and allied himself with 3461:

and S Northwood, illustrated by Richard Hook (1995),

3075:

The Illyrians to the Albanians by Neritan Ceka – 2005

1649:, in the central-western Istria, of the Elleri, near 1261:

killed all of his 5,000 Illyrian mercenaries (of the

831:. In the Illyrian War of 229 BC, 219 BC and 168 BC, 788:

where he became a trusted councillor at the court of

761:, violating his earlier treaty and starting the war. 730:

as a power in Illyria to counterbalance the power of

294:-Adriatic movements and migrations at the end of the 3902:

Gabriel, Richard A. "Masters of the Mediterranean".

3793:

The Greek State at War, William Kendrick Pritchett,

1361:

was a fishing ship continued by the actual Croatian

957:, recently expanded to include the territory of the 6288: 6246: 6128: 6105: 5949: 5868: 5726: 5203: 5146: 4825: 4602: 4535:. London, United Kingdom: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1397:The three main types of Illyrian warships were the 1205:, a single-edged curved sword similar to the Greek 2128:230 BC. Longarus, king of the Dardanians captures 524:In 385 BC Bardyllis raided Epirus which was under 1294:including helmets. Armaments were mostly made of 540:, who was a refugee in his court, to the throne. 488:. The alliances with Taras and with Cleonimus of 4493:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. 4427:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. 2163:, but soon prefers to pass it over to the Romans 941:. They gave battle to a second Roman force from 697:Lucius Postumius Albinus (consul 234 and 229 BC) 286:coast, they reached also the opposite, western, 2617:Berranger, Cabanes & Berranger-Auserve 2007 2226:119 BC. Pannonians defeated by Romans in Siscia 1942:466 BC. Taranto again defeated by the Iapygians 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 3121:, Appian, The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White) 3066:The Illyrians. A Stipcevic. Noyes Press. pg 44 1692:Illyrian helmet from Argolis. 6–5th century BC 310:, where specific Iron Age cultures developed. 4576: 4421:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). 4098:, 2003, pp. 117–118, National museum Belgrade 3713: 3711: 2556: 2220:155 BC. Romans destroy the Dalmatian capital 1357:was an early prototype of transport galleys, 1201:The principal sword of the Illyrians was the 901:, natives of area that now comprises central 329:, the Liburnians became masters of island of 157:to the extent that they requested Roman aid. 8: 4532:History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire 2426: 2424: 1453:in his attempt to rebuild the Spartan navy. 1164:Illyrian chariots from Vace – 6th century BC 1012:("ally") a grand total of some 100,000 men. 741:lasted from 220 BC to 219 BC. In 219 BC the 572:to evacuate his non-combatant population to 174:(337 BC) were a kingdom. The Kingdom of the 3186:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 3134:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 3101:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 3084:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 2043:352 BC. Agrianes become allies of Philip II 1298:. Another form of body armour was a bronze 607:(1st century BC) writes this of the event; 520:Military expeditions of Bardyllis in Epirus 298:, from the 12th to 10th century BC. In the 4599: 4583: 4569: 4561: 3717:Greece and Rome at War by Peter Connolly, 422:(Taranto) and the three Iapygian peoples, 3953:Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World 3782:Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World 3436: 2604: 1963:430 BC. Grabus of the royal house of the 1437:. This type of craft was also adopted by 290:coast. This process started during great 3053: 3051: 1939:490 BC. Tarentines defeat the Messapians 1787:from Illyrians is seen on an iron round 1759:were under the effects and influence of 1687: 1276: 265: 145:for control of valuable salt mines. The 2592: 2420: 2063:subjects the Illyrian states defeating 1671:, in the southern Istria, not far from 1281:Illyrian king or noble, 500 BC – 100 BC 576:and let the Illyrians loot freely. The 46:It concerns the armed conflicts of the 4448:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology 3813:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 2664: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2580: 2568: 2544: 776:was captured by the Roman fleet under 387:Unlike at the western Adriatic coast, 4466:Lewis, D. M.; Boardman, John (1994). 3646:The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, 3525:The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) 2728:fleets back to the region of Scodra." 1696:The graves of Illyrian nobles (early 560:, the Illyrians were defeated by the 274:Navigable skills and mobility of the 109:in a victorious campaign against the 7: 3979:Greek and Roman Warships 399-30 B.C. 3966:The Roman Imperial Navy 31 BC-AD 324 3940:Greek and Roman Warships 399-30 B.C. 3927:The Roman Imperial Navy 31 BC-AD 324 1902:is killed in battle by the Illyrians 1833:. The tribes that rebelled had been 974:Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus 3826:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3758:, I. Teil, Wiesbaden, 1955, p. 114. 3680:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3663:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3629:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3771:, Gymnasium, 59/1952, H. 1, p. 79. 3485:The Illyrians: history and culture 2125:. His army carries a large victory 1116:(239 BC – 169 BC) who was of 1080:In the 2nd century BC the army of 792:, and remained until his death at 97:and specifically in the legend of 25: 6276:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 4115:. Oxford University Presspage 255 3977:J. S. Morrison and J. F. Coates, 3938:J. S. Morrison and J. F. Coates, 2384:List of ancient tribes in Illyria 2340:surrenders his forces to Tiberius 2013:raids Epirus after defeating the 1137:boss and was like a mostly light 827:, after which he was interned in 254:. These later joined to form the 6335: 6334: 4546:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 3968:, 3rd ed., Chicago, 1993, p. 54. 3929:, 3rd ed., Chicago, 1993, p. 59. 1653:, of Monte Giove near Prosecco ( 1517:, most possibly by mediation of 1505:, but with two banks of oars (a 1121:dating from the 7th century BC. 764:Demetrius' fleet first attacked 556:and five hundred suits of Greek 105:, where Cadmus led the Illyrian 4511:Iliri: povijest, život, kultura 3784:, Princeton, 1971, pp. 141–142. 2797:A History of Greece to 322 B.C. 2776:A History of Greece to 322 B.C. 2155:229 BC. The Illyrian commander 113:after a divine advice from the 5849:Albanian traditional tattooing 5736:Central Bosnian cultural group 4264:"Louis of Taranto - Polsearch" 4200:The Illyrians by John Wilkes, 3527:by John Wilkes, 1996, page 239 3028:Diodorus Siculus, Library,16.4 1967:enters an alliance with Athens 1763:due to their proximity to the 1755:Illyrians on the coast of the 1061:Tactics and troop organization 1004:troops deployed by their King 905:, led by Bato the Daesitiate ( 625:Gallic invasion of the Balkans 153:had suffered attacks from the 62:as well as pirate activity in 1: 6040:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) 4508:Stipčević, Alexander (1989). 3745:, page 42, "Chieftain burial" 2835:The Cambridge Ancient History 2493:A History of Rome to A.D. 565 1657:) and San Polo, not far from 349:expelled the Liburni and the 210:world in the growth of their 4472:Cambridge University Press. 803:in 168 BC the Illyrian king 5968:Alexander's Balkan campaign 5963:Illyrian invasion of Epirus 1861:in Illyria, Illyrian defeat 1429:), was an ancient Illyrian 1057:, to pacify the mutineers. 839:settlements and suppressed 544:planned to control all the 6382: 4514:. Zagreb: Školska knjiga. 4487:Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). 3955:, Princeton, 1971, p. 141. 3865:Casson (1995), pp. 125–126 2858:, Books 14.92, 15.2, 16.2. 1104: 874: 672: 622: 411: 278:on their swift ships, the 6325: 4598: 2557:Lewis & Boardman 1994 2389:List of rulers of Illyria 1803:. The Hellenised city of 1469:Romanized Liburna during 1418: 43:civilization flourished. 4540:Wilkes, John J. (1995). 4529:Wilkes, John J. (1969). 4000:Polybius, Histories,18.1 3756:Die Sprache der Illyrier 2149:fleet off the island of 1457:and fast cargo vessels. 1441:, and soon after by the 1168:In northern Illyria the 6259:Origin of the Albanians 5980:Dardanian–Bastarnic war 4174:under Greek influence." 3981:, Oxford, 1996, p. 171. 3942:, Oxford, 1996, p. 317. 3815:A Greek-English Lexicon 2159:occupies the island of 1922:511 BC. Persians under 1661:. However, the largest 1255:Perdiccas II of Macedon 1241:Σιβύνη) that resembled 414:Iapygian-Tarentine Wars 408:Iapygian–Tarentine Wars 262:Liburnian thalassocracy 6271:History of the Balkans 5985:Invasions of Epidamnus 5870:Religion and mythology 3834:, page 157, Polybius, 2984:. Pages 111–112; link 2926:. Pages 111–112; link 2708:colony in the island." 1706:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1693: 1618: 1617:Giant walls of Daorson 1474: 1333: 1282: 1231: 1165: 1078: 903:Bosnia and Herzegovina 859:and the third against 778:Lucius Aemilius Paulus 687:, when many tribes of 616: 521: 501:In the 4th century BC 271: 5995:Roman-Macedonian wars 5761:Glasinac-Mati culture 5398:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus 4993:Glaucias of Taulantii 4963:Eleutherius and Antia 4928:Constantine the Great 3874:Casson (1995), p. 126 3856:Casson (1995), p. 125 3847:Casson (1995), p. 162 2899:. Page 428-429; link 2364:Great Illyrian Revolt 2301:against Illyrians in 2176:220 BC. Start of the 2166:229 BC. Start of the 1738:Illyrian type helmets 1724:and various sites in 1691: 1684:Hellenistic influence 1616: 1468: 1445:, Rome, and even the 1331: 1280: 1219: 1163: 1074: 913:in a war against the 883:Great Illyrian Revolt 877:Great Illyrian Revolt 871:Great Illyrian revolt 609: 519: 269: 228:Illyrii Proprie Dicti 6030:Roman–Dalmatian wars 5771:Monte Saraceno woman 4838:Anastasius I Dicorus 2533:Aleksandar Stipčević 2262:Gaius Asinius Pollio 2121:from a siege by the 1665:was perhaps that of 1481:to the Greeks and a 1471:Trajan's Dacian Wars 1318:First Macedonian War 1053:dispatched his son, 851:: the first against 745:was at war with the 357:. About 625 BC, the 6118:Proposed vocabulary 5766:Gradistë belt-plate 5068:Peter the Patrician 5018:Irenaeus of Sirmium 4953:Demetrius of Pharos 4933:Constantius Chlorus 4888:Bato the Daesitiate 4443:Kipfer, Barbara Ann 3369:Velleius Paterculus 3353:Velleius Paterculus 2394:Prehistoric Balkans 2178:Second Illyrian War 2157:Demetrius of Pharos 2061:Alexander the Great 1978:Battle of Lyncestis 1900:Philip I of Macedon 1679:External influences 1439:Philip V of Macedon 1348:at eastern cape of 921:led by Bato of the 857:Demetrius of Pharos 855:the second against 790:Philip V of Macedon 739:Second Illyrian War 728:Demetrius of Pharos 141:fought against the 27:The history of the 6035:Caesar's civil war 5669:Tragurion (Trogir) 5269:Aspalathos (Split) 5210:cities/settlements 5147:Political entities 5013:Gratianus Funarius 3539:by J. W. Mollett, 3463:Early Roman Armies 2854:Diodorus Siculus. 2816:Diodorus Siculus. 2795:Hammond, N. G. L. 2774:Hammond, N. G. L. 2765:Diodorus, XVI, 63. 2319:under their ruler 2297:(since 12 BC) and 2168:First Illyrian War 2132:from the Paeonians 1793:Antipatrid dynasty 1785:Hellenistic period 1694: 1641:Some a hundred of 1619: 1537:Lucian of Samosata 1475: 1334: 1283: 1180:, was made by the 1166: 813:Perseus of Macedon 801:Third Illyrian War 681:First Illyrian War 597:Phillip of Macedon 522: 497:Illyrian expansion 306:and especially in 272: 6348: 6347: 6284: 6283: 6264:Albanian paganism 6231:Pannonia Superior 6211:Pannonia Inferior 6138:Illyrian emperors 5990:Illyro-Roman Wars 5437:Iader or Idassa ( 5048:Marcellinus Comes 4883:Bato the Breucian 4843:Artas of Messapia 4413:978-2-84516-351-5 4233:978-0-631-19807-9 3743:978-0-631-19807-9 3705:, 2000, page 261. 3562:978-0-631-19807-9 3294:Tacitus: Annals I 3123:THE ILLYRIAN WARS 3009:978-0-8078-4744-2 2982:978-0-7864-1918-0 2954:978-0-8061-3212-9 2924:978-0-7864-1918-0 2897:978-0-521-23348-4 2881:978-0-521-85073-5 2379:Illyrian weaponry 2305:, Illyrian defeat 2283:, Illyrian defeat 2268:, Illyrian defeat 2209:Istrian Peninsula 1831:Roman legionaries 1797:Antigonid dynasty 1413:The lembos (from 1405:and the Pristis. 1384:Serilia Liburnica 1107:Illyrian weaponry 976:(the governor of 887:Bellum Batonianum 843:, which had made 669:Wars against Rome 479:Peloponnesian War 445:, to counter the 16:(Redirected from 6373: 6361:Illyrian warfare 6338: 6337: 6226:Pannonia Secunda 5831:Trebeništa masks 5811:Spectacle brooch 5654:Scodra (Shkodër) 5634:Scampa (Elbasan) 5350:Dardana Fortress 5219:Acruvium (Kotor) 5190:Illyrian kingdom 4600: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4562: 4557: 4536: 4525: 4504: 4483: 4462: 4438: 4417: 4387: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4300: 4291:. Archived from 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4266:. Archived from 4260: 4254: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4236: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4198: 4192: 4181: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4136: 4122: 4116: 4109:Sarah B. Pomeroy 4105: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4047: 4044: 4035: 4032: 4023: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3975: 3969: 3962: 3956: 3949: 3943: 3936: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3906:(December 2007). 3904:Military History 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3824: 3818: 3808: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3778: 3772: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3735: 3726: 3715: 3706: 3695: 3689: 3678: 3672: 3661: 3655: 3644: 3638: 3627: 3616: 3605: 3599: 3598:, 2002, page 249 3588: 3582: 3571: 3565: 3554: 3548: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3459:Nicholas Sekunda 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3415: 3409: 3397:, 1992, p. 216, 3391: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3366: 3360: 3350: 3344: 3332:, 1992, p. 207, 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3211: 3201: 3195: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3158: 3152: 3151:Eckstein, 46–59. 3149: 3143: 3132: 3126: 3116: 3110: 3099: 3093: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3025: 3014: 3011:. Page 11; link 2993: 2987: 2966: 2960: 2935: 2929: 2908: 2902: 2865: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2837:, 1923, p. 428, 2833:Boardman, John. 2831: 2825: 2814: 2808: 2799:, 1986, p. 470, 2793: 2787: 2778:, 1986, p. 479, 2772: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2696:N. G. L. Hammond 2692: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2460: 2454: 2443: 2437: 2428: 2409:Thracian warfare 2243:several decades. 2073:battle of Pelium 1736:. Ancient Greek 1730:Glasinac culture 1523:battle of Actium 1420: 1070:Diodorus Siculus 990:Battle of Cannae 891:Pannonian Revolt 755:Second Punic War 619:Gallic invasions 605:Diodorus Siculus 230:. They were the 121:Tribal conflicts 35:and in southern 21: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6366:Ancient warfare 6351: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6321: 6308:Illyrian tribes 6280: 6242: 6201:Moesia Superior 6124: 6101: 6052:Desilo shipyard 5973:Siege of Pelium 5945: 5864: 5836:Vače Belt-Plate 5824:Selca e Poshtme 5722: 5639:Selcë e Poshtme 5428:Hedum castellum 5362:(Lower Neretva) 5224:Ad Acroceraunia 5207: 5199: 5142: 4923:Cleitus Dardani 4821: 4594: 4589: 4554: 4539: 4528: 4522: 4507: 4501: 4486: 4480: 4465: 4459: 4441: 4435: 4420: 4414: 4399: 4396: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4324: 4311: 4307: 4298: 4296: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4273: 4271: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4212: 4199: 4195: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4168: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4123: 4119: 4106: 4102: 4089: 4085: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4050: 4045: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3976: 3972: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3946: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3825: 3821: 3809: 3805: 3792: 3788: 3779: 3775: 3766: 3762: 3753: 3749: 3736: 3729: 3716: 3709: 3696: 3692: 3679: 3675: 3662: 3658: 3645: 3641: 3628: 3619: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3585: 3572: 3568: 3555: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3416: 3412: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3373:Historia Romana 3367: 3363: 3351: 3347: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3292:Miller, Norma. 3291: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3258: 3254:, 2000, page 47 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3202: 3198: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3133: 3129: 3117: 3113: 3100: 3096: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3049: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3017: 2994: 2990: 2967: 2963: 2936: 2932: 2909: 2905: 2866: 2862: 2853: 2849: 2832: 2828: 2815: 2811: 2794: 2790: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2748: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2702: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2502: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2461: 2457: 2444: 2440: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2350: 2328:Caecina Severus 2312: 2233: 2191: 2102: 1997: 1936: 1909: 1886: 1868: 1847: 1823: 1814:cyclopean walls 1714:North Macedonia 1686: 1681: 1611: 1597:Πρίστις) was a 1591: 1463: 1411: 1308: 1275: 1251: 1190:Illyrian helmet 1178:Shmarjet helmet 1109: 1103: 1063: 947:Caecina Severus 879: 873: 685:First Punic War 677: 671: 627: 621: 499: 465:; according to 416: 410: 366:Pliny the Elder 264: 163: 123: 95:Greek mythology 91: 48:Illyrian tribes 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6379: 6377: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6353: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6294: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6221:Pannonia Savia 6218: 6216:Pannonia Prima 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6170: 6169: 6168: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6140: 6134: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6032: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5890: 5885: 5874: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5496:Mursa (Osijek) 5493: 5488: 5481: 5476: 5469: 5459: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5395: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5165: 5160: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5138:Valentinian II 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4938:Constantius II 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4552: 4537: 4526: 4520: 4505: 4499: 4484: 4478: 4463: 4457: 4439: 4433: 4418: 4412: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4360: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4322: 4305: 4280: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4220: 4210: 4193: 4176: 4166: 4164:, 1977, p. 174 4149: 4137: 4117: 4100: 4083: 4066: 4048: 4036: 4024: 4021:Verg. A. 5.114 4013: 4004: 3992: 3983: 3970: 3957: 3944: 3931: 3918: 3909: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3819: 3803: 3786: 3773: 3760: 3747: 3727: 3707: 3690: 3673: 3656: 3639: 3617: 3600: 3583: 3566: 3549: 3529: 3517: 3507: 3497: 3477: 3471: 3450: 3441: 3437:Stipčević 1989 3429: 3410: 3393:Wilkes, J. J. 3386: 3377: 3361: 3345: 3328:Wilkes, J. J. 3321: 3309: 3285: 3276: 3266: 3256: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3196: 3179: 3170: 3153: 3144: 3127: 3111: 3094: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3047: 3031: 3015: 2988: 2961: 2930: 2903: 2860: 2847: 2826: 2809: 2788: 2767: 2758: 2742: 2730: 2720: 2710: 2700: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2667:, p. 216. 2657: 2655:, p. 167. 2645: 2643:, p. 127. 2633: 2631:, p. 237. 2621: 2619:, p. 136. 2609: 2607:, p. 216. 2605:Papazoglu 1978 2597: 2595:, p. 104. 2585: 2583:, p. 251. 2573: 2561: 2559:, p. 785. 2549: 2547:, p. 298. 2537: 2522: 2510: 2500: 2484: 2472: 2455: 2438: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2359:Dacian warfare 2356: 2354:Celtic warfare 2349: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2334: 2331: 2324: 2311: 2310:1st century AD 2308: 2307: 2306: 2291: 2284: 2269: 2258: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2231:1st century BC 2229: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2190: 2189:2nd century BC 2187: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2174: 2171: 2164: 2153: 2143: 2133: 2126: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2100:3rd century BC 2098: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1996: 1995:4th century BC 1993: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1935: 1934:5th century BC 1932: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1920: 1917: 1908: 1907:6th century BC 1905: 1904: 1903: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1884:7th century BC 1882: 1881: 1880: 1867: 1866:8th century BC 1864: 1863: 1862: 1846: 1843: 1822: 1819: 1769:Ancient Greeks 1765:Greek colonies 1718:Lower Carniola 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1610: 1609:Fortifications 1607: 1590: 1587: 1462: 1459: 1410: 1407: 1307: 1304: 1274: 1271: 1250: 1247: 1215:fighting sword 1174:Conical helmet 1105:Main article: 1102: 1099: 1062: 1059: 1006:Rhoemetalces I 875:Main article: 872: 869: 751:Cisalpine Gaul 743:Roman Republic 673:Main article: 670: 667: 623:Main article: 620: 617: 498: 495: 412:Main article: 409: 406: 263: 260: 162: 159: 122: 119: 90: 87: 52:their kingdoms 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6378: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6341: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6003:Erigon Valley 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5746:Daunian stele 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5436: 5434: 5433:Hija e Korbit 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5344: 5343:Lower Neretva 5341: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5133:Valentinian I 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5093:Pleuratus III 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4581: 4579: 4574: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4555: 4553:0-631-19807-5 4549: 4545: 4544: 4543:The Illyrians 4538: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4523: 4521:9788603991062 4517: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4500:90-256-0793-4 4496: 4492: 4491: 4485: 4481: 4479:0-521-23348-8 4475: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4458:0-306-46158-7 4454: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4434:9789025610500 4430: 4426: 4425: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4364: 4361: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4318:1-84176-329-2 4315: 4309: 4306: 4295:on 2011-10-04 4294: 4290: 4284: 4281: 4270:on 2012-03-31 4269: 4265: 4259: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4206:0-631-19807-5 4203: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4189:0-521-78999-0 4186: 4180: 4177: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4162:0-8155-5052-9 4159: 4153: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4133:0-521-23348-8 4130: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4096:88-8265-212-2 4093: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4079:88-8265-212-2 4076: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3964:C. G. Starr, 3961: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3925:C. G. Starr, 3922: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3905: 3898: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3862: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3832:0-631-19807-5 3829: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3799:0-520-07374-6 3796: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3723:1-85367-303-X 3720: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3703:0-521-85073-8 3700: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686:0-631-19807-5 3683: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3669:0-631-19807-5 3666: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3652:0-631-19807-5 3649: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3635:0-631-19807-5 3632: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613:0-19-815306-6 3610: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3596:0-19-815306-6 3593: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3579:0-19-815306-6 3576: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3545:0-7661-3577-2 3542: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3511: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3493:0-8155-5052-9 3490: 3486: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3472:1-85532-513-6 3468: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3403:0-631-19807-5 3400: 3396: 3395:The Illyrians 3390: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3355:, 2.110–111; 3354: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3338:0-631-19807-5 3335: 3331: 3330:The Illyrians 3325: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3302:1-85399-358-1 3299: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3270: 3267: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252:1-85367-389-7 3249: 3243: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3209:0-87169-176-0 3206: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3192:0-631-19807-5 3189: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3166:0-306-80654-1 3163: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3140:0-631-19807-5 3137: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3107:0-631-19807-5 3104: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3090:0-631-19807-5 3087: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3044:0-85115-923-0 3041: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3001:0-8078-4744-5 2998: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974:0-7864-1918-0 2971: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2946:0-8061-3212-4 2943: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916:0-7864-1918-0 2913: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2889:0-521-23348-8 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2873:0-521-85073-8 2870: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2843:0-521-23348-8 2840: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2805:0-19-873095-0 2802: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2784:0-19-873095-0 2781: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2724: 2721: 2714: 2711: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2571:, p. 13. 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2468:0-631-20102-5 2465: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2451:0-631-20102-5 2448: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2430:Apollodorus, 2427: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2374:Illyrian Wars 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761:Hellenisation 1758: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1690: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1615: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595:Ancient Greek 1593:The Pristis ( 1588: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1387: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1306:Illyrian navy 1305: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1279: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1239:Ancient Greek 1236: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:bronze helmet 1162: 1158: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1108: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 878: 870: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 695: 690: 686: 682: 676: 675:Illyrian Wars 668: 666: 664: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 643:Morava valley 640: 635: 633: 626: 618: 615: 614: 608: 606: 602: 598: 593: 589: 587: 586:Perdiccas III 582: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 518: 514: 512: 508: 504: 496: 494: 491: 487: 482: 480: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 415: 407: 405: 403: 399: 395: 390: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 268: 261: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 200: 198: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 168: 160: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 120: 118: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 88: 86: 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 65: 64:Mediterranean 61: 57: 53: 49: 44: 42: 38: 34: 30: 19: 18:Illyrian army 6162:Prefectures 6130:Roman period 6047:Batonian War 5950: 5819:Boka-Përçeva 5710: 5673: 5596: 5573: 5567: 5550: 5483: 5471: 5454: 5390: 5305: 5288: 5103:Scerdilaidas 5088:Pleuratus II 4893:Bato Dardani 4542: 4531: 4510: 4489: 4468: 4447: 4423: 4402: 4394:Bibliography 4382: 4373: 4363: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4325: 4308: 4297:. Retrieved 4293:the original 4283: 4272:. Retrieved 4268:the original 4258: 4249: 4240: 4223: 4213: 4196: 4179: 4169: 4152: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4103: 4086: 4069: 4016: 4007: 3995: 3986: 3978: 3973: 3965: 3960: 3952: 3947: 3939: 3934: 3926: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3843: 3822: 3817:, on Perseus 3814: 3806: 3789: 3781: 3776: 3768: 3763: 3755: 3754:Hans Krahe, 3750: 3693: 3676: 3659: 3642: 3603: 3586: 3569: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3500: 3484: 3480: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3432: 3424: 3413: 3406: 3394: 3389: 3380: 3372: 3364: 3348: 3341: 3329: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3293: 3288: 3279: 3269: 3264:Messenia..." 3259: 3242: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3199: 3182: 3173: 3156: 3147: 3130: 3122: 3114: 3097: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3034: 2991: 2964: 2937: 2933: 2906: 2863: 2855: 2850: 2834: 2829: 2817: 2812: 2796: 2791: 2775: 2770: 2761: 2749: 2745: 2733: 2723: 2713: 2703: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2660: 2648: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2593:Hammond 1993 2588: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2540: 2518: 2513: 2503: 2496: 2495:, page 111, 2492: 2487: 2480: 2475: 2458: 2441: 2431: 2192: 1838: 1824: 1812: 1754: 1695: 1666: 1662: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1620: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1545: 1541: 1532:quinqueremes 1511:Ancient Rome 1496: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1455: 1426: 1412: 1396: 1388: 1383: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1335: 1323: 1309: 1284: 1252: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1200: 1186:Negau helmet 1169: 1167: 1151: 1123: 1110: 1090:Adriatic Sea 1087: 1079: 1075: 1068: 1064: 1047: 1014: 1009: 971: 890: 886: 882: 880: 845:Adriatic Sea 835:overran the 800: 798: 763: 738: 736: 726:also set up 721: 680: 678: 659: 636: 628: 611: 610: 594: 590: 583: 523: 500: 483: 475: 471:Pythagoreans 458: 436: 417: 386: 363: 324: 312: 273: 220:Polydynastae 219: 201: 164: 124: 92: 89:Mythological 68: 45: 26: 6317:Settlements 6186:Epirus Nova 5841:Vače Situla 5717:Albanopolis 5582:Pola (Pula) 5485:Matohasanaj 5323:Chrysondyon 5249:Antipatreia 5234:Albanopolis 5083:Pleuratus I 5038:Justinian I 4913:Caravantius 4878:Bardylis II 4684:Daesitiates 4644:Atintanians 3951:L. Casson, 3780:L. Casson, 3515:(sicarius)" 3418:Dio Cassius 3357:Dio Cassius 3283:Gruen, 359. 2665:Wilkes 1995 2653:Wilkes 1995 2641:Wilkes 1995 2629:Wilkes 1995 2581:Kipfer 2000 2569:Wilkes 1969 2545:Wilkes 1995 2317:Daesitiates 2251:Cornificius 2137:Queen Teuta 1807:located in 1663:castelliere 1643:castellieri 1638:Castellieri 1528:quadriremes 1499:penteconter 1392:Queen Teuta 1249:Mercenaries 1243:boar spears 1021:Fruška Gora 899:Daesitiates 821:Dyrrhachium 809:Macedonians 799:During the 796:in 214 BC. 511:Amyntas III 208:Hellenistic 6355:Categories 6254:Illyrology 6172:Provinces 5893:Deipaturos 5845:Tattooing 5806:Soleto Map 5644:Sesarethus 5301:Brundisium 5229:Ad Quintum 5195:Taulantian 5180:Dassaretan 5163:Autariatan 4958:Diocletian 4780:Osseriates 4723:Dassaretii 4669:Bassanitae 4664:Baridustae 4649:Autariatae 4299:2011-08-28 4274:2011-08-28 4235:, page 222 4218:preserved" 3767:H. Krahe, 3420:LV.29–34; 2740:, vii 170. 2415:References 2315:6 AD. The 2277:Pannonians 2115:Acarnanian 2015:Mollosians 1873:Liburnians 1835:Celticized 1811:included " 1801:Dardanians 1795:& the 1750:Montenegro 1710:Lake Ohrid 1659:Monfalcone 1564:quadrieres 1519:Macedonian 1421:, "boat", 1367:drakoforos 1338:Ionian Sea 1263:Autariatae 1259:Lysimachus 1126:Bronze Age 1033:Punic Wars 1008:, a Roman 986:Germanicus 937:in modern 865:Roman Navy 753:, and the 651:Dardanians 639:Autariatae 595:In 358 BC 546:Ionian Sea 424:Messapians 335:Corinthian 296:Bronze Age 276:Liburnians 240:Endirudini 139:Autariatae 75:Ionian Sea 39:where the 6196:Macedonia 6191:Illyricum 6166:Illyricum 6156:Macedonia 6151:Illyricum 6142:Dioceses 6008:Lyncestis 5932:Nymphaion 5799:Peucetian 5794:Messapian 5751:Education 5712:Zgërdhesh 5587:Poslishte 5563:Pituntium 5479:Lychnidus 5355:Delminium 5333:Damastion 5254:Apollonia 5244:Andetrium 5205:Geography 5185:Enchelean 5168:Dardanian 5053:Monounios 5003:Grabos II 4978:Flavianus 4868:Baraliris 4810:Taulantii 4805:Siculotae 4800:Sardiatae 4748:Iapygians 4679:Bylliones 4632:Docleatai 4592:Illyrians 3505:times..." 3422:Suetonius 3359:, 55.30,1 2738:Herodotus 2718:Corcyra." 2369:Illyrians 2299:Scordisci 2222:Delminium 2123:Aetolians 2106:Keraunos. 2011:Bardyllis 1924:Megabazus 1859:Illyrians 1827:Romanized 1668:Nesactium 1583:Dalmatian 1552:Suetonius 1443:Seleucids 1423:romanized 1346:Corynthia 1267:Antigonus 1211:Thracians 1128:. In the 1118:Messapian 1040:destroyed 1029:Suetonius 955:Illyricum 849:campaigns 817:Apollonia 709:Apollonia 705:Epidamnus 655:Paeonians 632:Alexander 601:Bardyllis 599:defeated 578:stratagem 566:Agesilaus 542:Dionysius 536:to place 530:Dionysius 526:Molossian 503:Bardyllis 467:Aristotle 455:Lucanians 359:Taulantii 351:Eretrians 347:Bacchiade 292:Pannonian 256:Docleatae 232:Taulantii 214:centres. 197:Illyrians 180:Bardyllis 111:Illyrians 29:Illyrians 6340:Category 6330:Timeline 6206:Pannonia 6181:Delmatia 6176:Dardania 6113:Illyrian 6106:Language 6023:Phoenice 5999:Battles 5955:weaponry 5937:Swastika 5910:Medaurus 5878:Religion 5780:Pottery 5706:Vendenis 5691:Ulkinium 5664:Tilurium 5659:Thronion 5569:Pogradec 5552:Persqopi 5536:Palaeste 5418:Eugenium 5413:Epicaria 5408:Enkelana 5376:Doracium 5328:Creonion 5284:Bassania 5279:Bargulum 5158:Labeatan 5154:Ardiaean 5123:Triteuta 5098:Pleurias 5058:Monunius 5043:Longarus 5033:Justin I 4998:Grabos I 4983:Galaurus 4898:Bircenna 4873:Bardylis 4863:Ballaios 4858:Aurelian 4795:Pirustae 4790:Penestae 4785:Parthini 4728:Enchelei 4716:Thuantai 4694:Tariotes 4689:Dalmatae 4659:Balaites 4637:Labeatae 4622:Amantini 4445:(2000). 4320:, page 6 3425:Tiberius 3296:, 2002, 2750:Politica 2508:Konjic." 2348:See also 2303:Dalmatia 2295:Tiberius 2275:against 2273:Octavius 2266:Partheni 2264:against 2207:177 BC. 2141:Phoenice 2135:230 BC. 2130:Bylazora 2069:Glaukias 2059:335 BC. 2046:344 BC. 2009:385 BC. 1988:Syracuse 1898:602 BC. 1875:abandon 1871:735 BC. 1857:against 1851:Enchelii 1845:Timeline 1809:Dalmatia 1777:Thessaly 1757:Adriatic 1742:Slovenia 1722:Slovenia 1702:Glasinac 1698:Iron Age 1631:Delmatae 1623:Tilurium 1579:Croatian 1560:penteres 1491:Picenian 1479:libyrnis 1435:Dalmatia 1365:, and a 1300:pectoral 1273:Nobility 1207:machaira 1155:Slovenia 1130:Iron Age 1101:Weaponry 1051:Tiberius 1037:Arminius 1002:Thracian 982:Pannonia 978:Dalmatia 959:Pannonii 911:Tiberius 837:Illyrian 770:Cyclades 653:and the 562:Spartans 554:hoplites 534:Syracuse 447:Messapii 432:Daunians 428:Peucetii 402:Dalmatae 378:Etruscan 372:and the 300:Iron Age 284:Adriatic 252:Labeatae 250:and the 216:Polybius 172:Pleurias 155:Delmatae 107:Enchelii 103:Harmonia 71:Adriatic 41:Iapygian 6236:Sirmium 6081:Sieges 6067:Liburna 5951:Warfare 5915:Perëndi 5883:Andinus 5854:Sicanje 5784:Daunian 5756:Fibulae 5741:Coinage 5728:Culture 5696:Ulpiana 5681:Tsangon 5675:Triport 5649:Setovia 5592:Promona 5541:Parthus 5506:Nikadin 5501:Nareste 5473:Lofkënd 5450:Kodrion 5381:Dresnik 5338:Daorson 5296:Bouthoe 5264:Arnissa 5239:Amantia 5173:Kingdom 5113:Tacitus 5063:Mytilos 5008:Gratian 4988:Gentius 4775:Narensi 4763:Peuceti 4758:Messapi 4743:Iapodes 4738:Grabaei 4711:Galabri 4706:Dardani 4627:Ardiaei 4617:Amantes 3427:16, 17. 3274:Pharos" 2856:Library 2822:15.13.1 2820:, Book 2818:Library 2754:v 1303a 2433:Library 2338:Bato II 2288:Iapydes 2286:34 BC. 2271:35 BC. 2260:39 BC. 2255:Gabinus 2249:48 BC. 2161:Corcyra 2147:Achaean 2071:in the 2065:Cleitus 1965:Grabaei 1805:Daorson 1781:Macedon 1773:Macedon 1746:Klicevo 1734:Albania 1726:Albania 1655:Trieste 1629:of the 1627:Setovia 1589:Pristis 1572:liburna 1568:trieres 1556:hexeres 1548:Tacitus 1503:trireme 1483:liburna 1461:Liburna 1447:Spartan 1431:warship 1403:Liburna 1288:torques 1195:Corinth 1182:Japodes 1025:Sirmium 1023:) near 1017:Bosnian 951:Sirmium 945:led by 939:Croatia 927:Bato II 915:Germans 861:Gentius 829:Iguvium 825:triumph 805:Gentius 794:Messene 786:Macedon 780:. From 713:Korkyra 703:cities 694:consuls 689:Illyria 679:In the 647:Ardiaei 574:Aetolia 570:Arymbas 564:led by 538:Alcetas 463:Iapyges 451:Peuceti 443:Rhegion 398:Iapodes 355:Corcyra 343:Corinth 331:Corcyra 320:Picenum 308:Picenum 280:Liburna 248:Grabaei 236:Pleraei 192:Ardiaei 190:of the 186:and of 184:Dardani 182:of the 176:Ardiaei 167:Enchele 147:Ardiaei 143:Ardiaei 135:Promona 56:Balkans 54:in the 33:Illyria 6303:Tribes 6298:People 6095:Oricum 6090:Medion 6072:Sibyna 6062:Lembus 6057:Helmet 6018:Pharos 5925:Tomorr 5920:Prende 5888:Bindus 5815:Tombs 5789:Desilo 5776:Pileus 5701:Uscana 5686:Ugento 5629:Salvia 5624:Salona 5614:Romajë 5609:Rhizon 5604:Ragusa 5598:Rabije 5575:Castle 5546:Pelion 5531:Oricum 5511:Nikaia 5491:Meteon 5462:Lissus 5456:Kratul 5423:Gertus 5402:Durrës 5371:Doclea 5366:Dimale 5360:Desilo 5318:Chinna 5313:Byllis 5307:Bushat 5259:Arduba 5128:Valens 5108:Sirras 5078:Plator 5073:Pinnes 5028:Jovian 5023:Jerome 4968:Epulon 4943:Cynane 4903:Caeria 4853:Audata 4848:Astius 4826:People 4770:Mazaei 4701:Daorsi 4674:Breuci 4612:Albani 4604:Tribes 4550: 4518: 4497: 4476: 4455: 4431: 4410: 4316: 4231: 4204: 4187: 4160: 4131: 4094: 4081:, 2003 4077: 3830: 3811:λέμβος 3797: 3741: 3725:, 2006 3721: 3701: 3684: 3667: 3650: 3633: 3611: 3594: 3577: 3560: 3543: 3491: 3469: 3401: 3375:2.113. 3336: 3300: 3250: 3207: 3190: 3164: 3138: 3105: 3088: 3042: 3007: 2999: 2980: 2972: 2952: 2944: 2922: 2914: 2895: 2887: 2879: 2871: 2841: 2803: 2782: 2466: 2449: 2404:Sibyna 2336:8 AD. 2326:7 AD. 2321:Bato I 2293:9 BC. 2281:Siscia 2238:Salona 2119:Medeon 2110:Celts. 2048:Caeria 1914:Aegean 1855:Cadmus 1853:under 1728:. 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